BPH MANAGEMENT€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2005-05-06BPH MANAGEMENT MINIMALLY INVASIVE AND...
Transcript of BPH MANAGEMENT€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2005-05-06BPH MANAGEMENT MINIMALLY INVASIVE AND...
BPHBPH MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
MINIMALLY INVASIVE AND MINIMALLY INVASIVE AND ENDOSCOPIC TECHNIQUESENDOSCOPIC TECHNIQUES
BPH Minimally Invasive Rx BPH Minimally Invasive Rx
OptionsOptions
• Urethral stentsUrethral stents• TUNATUNA• Microwave thermotherapy- TUMTMicrowave thermotherapy- TUMT• Laser TherapyLaser Therapy• HydrothermotherapyHydrothermotherapy
Indications for Invasive Indications for Invasive Therapy for BPHTherapy for BPH
• Failure of medical therapyFailure of medical therapy• Urinary retention->1/3 bladder vol.Urinary retention->1/3 bladder vol.• Recurrent urinary infectionRecurrent urinary infection• VesicolithiasisVesicolithiasis• Recurrent hematuria- grossRecurrent hematuria- gross• AzotemiaAzotemia
Criteria for Utilization of Criteria for Utilization of Alternative Minimally Alternative Minimally
Invasive TherapiesInvasive Therapies
• Less adverse side-effectsLess adverse side-effects• Approaches or = surgical Approaches or = surgical
outcomes outcomes • No AnesthesiaNo Anesthesia• Shorter Hospital stayShorter Hospital stay• Less expensiveLess expensive• Safety profile = /> surgical therapySafety profile = /> surgical therapy
Treatment Options- Treatment Options- Minimally Invasive Minimally Invasive
TherapiesTherapiesAdvantagesAdvantages Less adverse effectsLess adverse effects No anesthesiaNo anesthesia No hospital stayNo hospital stay CheaperCheaper Approaches Approaches
outcomes of surgeryoutcomes of surgery
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Less favorable Less favorable
outcome, flow & sx’soutcome, flow & sx’s RetreatmentRetreatment Cost $ & suffering of Cost $ & suffering of
retreatmentretreatment Complications- Complications-
hematuria, dysuria, hematuria, dysuria, retentionretention
Urethral StentsUrethral Stents
• Initially conceived to relieve BOO 2º Initially conceived to relieve BOO 2º to BPH *, later to urethral strictureto BPH *, later to urethral stricture
• Types-Types-1. Temporary1. Temporary2. Permanent2. Permanent
Endoscopic insertionEndoscopic insertion Major role in patients unfit for surgeryMajor role in patients unfit for surgery
*Fabian,1980
Urethral Stent- Urethral Stent- TemporaryTemporary
• NonabsorbableNonabsorbableremoved or changed q6-36 mos.removed or changed q6-36 mos.topical with sedationtopical with sedationsuccess 50-90%success 50-90%no catheter or cysto with stent in situ no catheter or cysto with stent in situ complications-encrustation,migration, complications-encrustation,migration, breakage,stress incont. breakage,stress incont. UTI, hematuriaUTI, hematuria
Urethral Stent-TemporaryUrethral Stent-Temporary
• Intraurethral Catheter(polyurethrane)Intraurethral Catheter(polyurethrane)– de Pezzer proximal end(like a malecot)de Pezzer proximal end(like a malecot)– may used after TUMTmay used after TUMT– 16 Fr,variable to single lengths16 Fr,variable to single lengths– Nissenkorn, Barnes, Trestle(two components)Nissenkorn, Barnes, Trestle(two components)– Usually left for 1 monthUsually left for 1 month– Complications- hematuria, urinary retention,Complications- hematuria, urinary retention,– Await large multicenter RCTAwait large multicenter RCT
Urethral Stent- Urethral Stent- BiodegradableBiodegradable
• Polyglycolic acid reinforcedPolyglycolic acid reinforced• Placed after laser prostatectomy,TUMTPlaced after laser prostatectomy,TUMT• Voiding difficulty at 3-4 wks, transientVoiding difficulty at 3-4 wks, transient• Cost-effectiveness questioned,added toCost-effectiveness questioned,added to
TULP or TUMTTULP or TUMT Await long term, multi-center RCTAwait long term, multi-center RCT
Urethral Stent-PermanentUrethral Stent-Permanent
• Attempt to permanently, definitivelyAttempt to permanently, definitively treat BOO 2º BPHtreat BOO 2º BPH Initial enthusiasm turned to presentInitial enthusiasm turned to present
literature silenceliterature silence Initially introduced to Rx USDInitially introduced to Rx USD Present use-USD,S-D dyssyner., Present use-USD,S-D dyssyner.,
post- post- brachytherapy, brachytherapy,
Urethral Stent- UrolumeUrethral Stent- Urolume• Manufactured by AMS, for BPH patientsManufactured by AMS, for BPH patients• Modified both stent and delivery deviceModified both stent and delivery device• Lengths vary from 1.5 –4.0 cmLengths vary from 1.5 –4.0 cm• Symptoms scores improve 8-9 pts.Symptoms scores improve 8-9 pts.• Flow rates improve 4-6cc/sec(peak)Flow rates improve 4-6cc/sec(peak)• Used in nonsurgical candidatesUsed in nonsurgical candidates• Interest has waned with Tuna and TUMTInterest has waned with Tuna and TUMT
Urethral Stent- UrolumeUrethral Stent- Urolume
• ComplicationsComplicationsepithelial hyperplasiaepithelial hyperplasiamigration of stentmigration of stentirritative voidingirritative voidingpainful ejaculationpainful ejaculation
Urethral Stent- OthersUrethral Stent- Others
• Memotherm- variable resultsMemotherm- variable results• ASI –withdrawn from productionASI –withdrawn from production• Ultraflex-43 fr, 2-6cm, nickel-titanium Ultraflex-43 fr, 2-6cm, nickel-titanium
alloy, used in BPH, D-S dysyner., alloy, used in BPH, D-S dysyner., epithelial hypperplasia and epithelial hypperplasia and
migration lowmigration low• Conclusion- temporary stents are Conclusion- temporary stents are
attractive after Tattractive after TUNAUNA and TUMT and TUMT
Transurethral Needle Transurethral Needle Ablation of the ProstateAblation of the Prostate
• Heat delivery system to induce Heat delivery system to induce necrosis necrosis of the prostate tissue to of the prostate tissue to relieve BOO relieve BOO 2º BPH2º BPH
• Aim to prostate temp >60º CAim to prostate temp >60º C• Uses low-level radio frequency energy Uses low-level radio frequency energy
delivered by needles into prostatedelivered by needles into prostate• Use of topical anesthesia adequateUse of topical anesthesia adequate
TUNA- Delivery of RF TUNA- Delivery of RF EnergyEnergy
• Produced by Vidamed, uses applicator Produced by Vidamed, uses applicator with two needleswith two needles
• Generator produces monopolar RF Generator produces monopolar RF signal of 490kHz to give excellent signal of 490kHz to give excellent tissue penetrationtissue penetration
• Grounding pad over sacrum large sizeGrounding pad over sacrum large size• Size of prostate lesion f: Size of prostate lesion f:
kHz,time,depth kHz,time,depth and position of and position of needle insertionneedle insertion
TUNA- Energy TUNA- Energy CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• RF produces molecular agitationRF produces molecular agitationgenerated heatgenerated heat
Heat generated p: 1/radius Heat generated p: 1/radius Heat lost by convection, vascularity Heat lost by convection, vascularity
affects lesion size as RF has no affects lesion size as RF has no effect on vessels > 2-3mm diametereffect on vessels > 2-3mm diameter
RF hotter central area and quick decline RF hotter central area and quick decline of temp as distance from needlesof temp as distance from needles
4
TUNA- Experimental DataTUNA- Experimental Data
• TUNA creates 1cm necrotic lesion with TUNA creates 1cm necrotic lesion with no damage to rectum, bladder base, or no damage to rectum, bladder base, or distal prostatic urethradistal prostatic urethra
• Necrosis maximal @ 7 days, fibrosis by Necrosis maximal @ 7 days, fibrosis by 15 days15 days
• Treated areas have absence of staining Treated areas have absence of staining of PSA,smooth mus. actin, of PSA,smooth mus. actin, -adrenergic -adrenergic nerual tissue(maximal @ 1-2 weeks) nerual tissue(maximal @ 1-2 weeks)
TUNA-Experimental DataTUNA-Experimental Data
• Sequential injury to different types of Sequential injury to different types of nerve endings may occur NOS* nerve endings may occur NOS*
most most vulnerablevulnerable• Central core Temp- 90-100ºC, edge of Central core Temp- 90-100ºC, edge of
zone 50ºCzone 50ºC• Treatment times of 5-7 min. needed to Treatment times of 5-7 min. needed to
produce coagulation necrosis in Rx produce coagulation necrosis in Rx SiteSite
*NOS- nitric oxide synthase
TUNA-TreatmentTUNA-Treatment• Position- dorsolithotomyPosition- dorsolithotomy• Anesthesia-local, sedation, SAB, GenAnesthesia-local, sedation, SAB, Gen• Instrument/needle placed with 0º telescopeInstrument/needle placed with 0º telescope• Needle deployed/activated-20x10mm Needle deployed/activated-20x10mm
lesionlesion• Two lesions/needle deployment-1 pair/3cm, Two lesions/needle deployment-1 pair/3cm,
2 pair/4cm, additional pair/cm urethral 2 pair/4cm, additional pair/cm urethral length; Rx bilaterallylength; Rx bilaterally
• RF power delivered @2-15W for 5min., RF power delivered @2-15W for 5min., catheter is optionalcatheter is optional
TUNA-Summary of Data TUNA-Summary of Data for 546 Patients*for 546 Patients*
mpkFlow mpkFlow increaseincrease
%% mSI decreasemSI decrease %%
6ml/sec6ml/sec 7777 13.113.1 5858
Summary of world experience @12 months follow-up
TUNA- Adverse EffectsTUNA- Adverse Effects
• Urinary retention-13-42%Urinary retention-13-42%• Irritative voiding-40% (1-7days)Irritative voiding-40% (1-7days)• UTI-3%UTI-3%• Urethral stricture-1.5%Urethral stricture-1.5%• Hematuria-33%, mild, short-livedHematuria-33%, mild, short-lived• Reoperation-12-14% in 2 yrsReoperation-12-14% in 2 yrs
TUNA-IndicationsTUNA-Indications
• BPH/BOOBPH/BOO• Lateral lobe enlargementLateral lobe enlargement• Prostate volume <60gmsProstate volume <60gms• Median lobe not ideal, but can be Median lobe not ideal, but can be
RxRx• Bladder neck hypertrophy not ideal Bladder neck hypertrophy not ideal
candidatecandidate
TUMT-Transurethral TUMT-Transurethral Microwave TherapyMicrowave Therapy
• Evaluated for past decadeEvaluated for past decade• Widely used, variable urologist attitudeWidely used, variable urologist attitude• Evolution from low-energy to high-energyEvolution from low-energy to high-energy• Presently most commonly used devices Presently most commonly used devices
are Prostatron and Targis are Prostatron and Targis • Current methods use either urethral Current methods use either urethral
cooling catheter or non-cooling cathetercooling catheter or non-cooling catheter
TUMT- Method of ActionTUMT- Method of Action
• Heat induced hemorrhagic necrosis, Heat induced hemorrhagic necrosis, sympathetic nerve injury, apoptosissympathetic nerve injury, apoptosis
• Tissue exposed to 45ºC for 60 min Tissue exposed to 45ºC for 60 min suffered hemorrhagic necrosissuffered hemorrhagic necrosis
• Sympathetic nerve injury histologically Sympathetic nerve injury histologically confirmed in 2 reports…confirmed in 2 reports…
• Suggests thermal injury to adrenergic Suggests thermal injury to adrenergic fibers likely accounts for symptomsfibers likely accounts for symptoms
TUMT-Method of ActionTUMT-Method of Action
• Targis antenna(902-1928MHz) exceedsTargis antenna(902-1928MHz) exceedsProstatron(1296MHz) in efficiency of Prostatron(1296MHz) in efficiency of delivery of thermal energydelivery of thermal energy
1-adrenoreceptor density after TUMT1-adrenoreceptor density after TUMT Adrenergic nerve fibers remain in lamina Adrenergic nerve fibers remain in lamina
propria and epithelial layers, virtually propria and epithelial layers, virtually absent in smooth muscle layersabsent in smooth muscle layers
TUMT- Method of ActionTUMT- Method of Action• Apoptosis induced by moderate thermal Apoptosis induced by moderate thermal
energy for longer period of timeenergy for longer period of time• Hemorrhagic necrosis induced by higher Hemorrhagic necrosis induced by higher
thermal energy over shorter timethermal energy over shorter time• Brehmer and Svennson demonstrated Brehmer and Svennson demonstrated
poptosis in 76% of cultured prostate poptosis in 76% of cultured prostate cells 24 hrs after heat exposure, only cells 24 hrs after heat exposure, only 14% were necrotic14% were necrotic
Thermatrix vs High Thermatrix vs High Energy, Cooled Microwave Energy, Cooled Microwave
ThermoRxThermoRxTherMatrixTherMatrixTUMTTUMT
High PowerHigh PowerCooled RxCooled Rx
deliverydelivery Urethral CathUrethral Cath Urethral CathUrethral Cathenergyenergy Microwave:Microwave:
Avg 6 wattsAvg 6 wattsMicrowave:Microwave:40-49 watts40-49 watts
effecteffect Tissue Tissue NecrosisNecrosis
Tissue Tissue NecrosisNecrosis
tolerancetolerance Oral meds Oral meds onlyonly
Parental Parental RecommendeRecommendedd
Thermatrix vs High Thermatrix vs High Energy Microwave, Cooled Energy Microwave, Cooled
ThermoRxThermoRxTherMatrixTherMatrixTUMTTUMT
High PowerHigh PowerCooled RxCooled Rx
AUA SI @ 12mAUA SI @ 12m 47% decrease47% decrease 44-51% 44-51% decreasedecrease
PFR@12MPFR@12M 58% decrease58% decrease 45-55% 45-55% decreasedecrease
Side EffectsSide Effects Minor ,Self-Minor ,Self-resolvingresolving
Significant,lonSignificant,longer durationger duration
SAE(FDA filed SAE(FDA filed MDRs)MDRs)
NoneNone Rectal fistula, Rectal fistula, penile penile necrosisnecrosis
TUMT- Clinical ResultsTUMT- Clinical Results
# of Patients# of Patients110110
ShamSham35 pts 35 pts
TUMTTUMT75 pts75 pts
SxIndex SxIndex 14.9-10.814.9-10.8 13.9-6.313.9-6.3
pFlow pFlow 7.4-9.4cc/sec7.4-9.4cc/sec 7.2-11.5cc/7.2-11.5cc/secsec
Blute et al 1996,
Three months duration- TUMT vs Sham
TUMT- Clinical ResultsTUMT- Clinical Results
# of Patients# of Patients125125
ShamSham44 pts44 pts
TUMTTUMT79 pts79 pts
Sx Index Sx Index 21.3-14.321.3-14.3 20.8-10.520.8-10.5
pFlow pFlow 7.8-9.8 7.8-9.8 cc/seccc/sec
7.8-11.8 7.8-11.8 cc/seccc/sec
Larson et al 1998
Six Months Duration- TUMT vs Sham
TUMT- Clinical ResultsTUMT- Clinical Results
# of Patients# of Patients TUMT-31(26)TUMT-31(26) TURP-21(18)TURP-21(18)Sx Index Sx Index 13.2-4.213.2-4.2 13.8-2.813.8-2.8pFlow pFlow 10.6-16.9 10.6-16.9
cc/seccc/sec9.3-18.6cc/sec9.3-18.6cc/sec
Press/Flow(0-Press/Flow(0-6m)6m)
Obstructed Obstructed 62-40%62-40%
Obstructed Obstructed 76-15%76-15%
Catheter: Catheter: timetime
12.7 days(6-12.7 days(6-35)35)
4.1 days(4-5)4.1 days(4-5)
Irritative voidIrritative void 29%29% 19%19%
Twelve Months Duration- Prostatron 2.5 vs Turp
D’Ancona et al 1999, @ 24 mos 8/31TUMT & 1/21 needed other Rx
TUMT-ConclusionTUMT-Conclusion
• Symptomatic improvement after TUMT Symptomatic improvement after TUMT appears to be energy relatedappears to be energy related
• Objective improvement after TUMT may Objective improvement after TUMT may be insignificant be insignificant
• Symptomatic improvement may be Symptomatic improvement may be significant without objective improvementsignificant without objective improvement
Laser TherapyLaser Therapy
• TypesTypesNeodynium:Yttrium-Aluminum-GarnetNeodynium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet
wavelength-1064nnwavelength-1064nnPotassium Titanyl PhosphatePotassium Titanyl Phosphate
wavelength-532nnwavelength-532nnHolmium: Yttrium-Aluminum-GarnetHolmium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet
wavelength-2100nnwavelength-2100nnDiode- most energy efficient Diode- most energy efficient
Laser TherapyLaser Therapy
• Methods of deliveryMethods of deliveryEnd firing, Bare tip, Sculpted End firing, Bare tip, Sculpted
tip, tip, Sapphire tip, Side firing, Metal Sapphire tip, Side firing, Metal or or Glass reflector, Prismatic Glass reflector, Prismatic internal internal reflector, interstitial, reflector, interstitial, Diffuser tip, Diffuser tip, Diffuser tip with Diffuser tip with temperature temperature transducertransducer
Laser Theraapy-Method of Laser Theraapy-Method of ActionAction
• 45-50ºC -tissue desiccation45-50ºC -tissue desiccation• 50-100ºC - tissue coagulation, 50-100ºC - tissue coagulation,
irreversible effectsirreversible effects
• 100ºC +- tissue boils, vaporizes, 100ºC +- tissue boils, vaporizes, carbonizedcarbonized
Laser Therapy- SummaryLaser Therapy- Summary
• There is incomplete and insufficient There is incomplete and insufficient quality data at present in the medical quality data at present in the medical literature to allow statement of the literature to allow statement of the safety and efficacy of Laser safety and efficacy of Laser prostatectomy.prostatectomy.
HydrothermotherapyHydrothermotherapy
• Recent Appliance availabliltyRecent Appliance availablilty• Recent Application attemptsRecent Application attempts• Insufficient Outcome Evidence to Insufficient Outcome Evidence to
permit definitive statement of permit definitive statement of safety or efficacysafety or efficacy
Office-Based Transurethral Office-Based Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy for Microwave Thermotherapy for
BPH Using TheraMatrix TMx-2000BPH Using TheraMatrix TMx-2000
Results of Multi-Center, Prospective, Results of Multi-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Sham-Controlled StudyRandomized, Sham-Controlled Study