Mechanical and Hand Milking in relation to

Mastitis Muhammad Azam

M Phil CMS

Standardized Milking Procedures

Hand Milking Disinfect Your Hands Wipe off excess dry manu

re, straw and bedding Never Use thumb milking

procedure

Milking Parlor( Milking Machines ) Wear Gloves Wipe off excess dry manu

re, straw and bedding Strip each teat into a stri

pcup Dip teats with an approve

- - d pre dip Dip 3 4 cows - Allow the pre dip to react

for at least 30 sec.

Milking Machines An Introduction to what they are, how they work, and their parts

What is a Milking Machine?

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A machine for harvesting milk from the udders of cows, goats, bison, sheep or animals.

Milk Harvesting

Milk harvesting is the process of extracting milk from animals Transporting the milk to a storage tank Storing the milk until it is picked up for processing.

Milk is usually cooled during storage Milk harvest requires cooperative effort

between : The animal and The operator

And a properly functioning milking machine© MilkTech International

Milking Machine Goals

A properly designed, installed, maintained, and operated milking machine will: Remove milk from the animal quickly and gently Not contribute to poor udder health Not degrade milk quality from the time of removal to delivery

Be easy to clean and sanitize

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Milking Machine Components

A milking machine is made up of several basic component groups Milking units Vacuum production and control system Milk transport system Cleaning and sanitation systems

Milk Cooling and Storage systems Although not part of the milking machine itself, the

milking machine always delivers milk to a storage container

And milk is usually cooled on the farm

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Lets start with the big picture and see how these components fit together

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Lets have a closer look at the milking unit

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The milking unit is made up of several parts

4 Teatcups (for cows) A soft rubber liner that is mounted in

a metal or plastic shell The soft rubber liner is the only part

of the machine that touches the udder

The claw Collect milk from all of the teatcups

The Pulsator An air valve that creates ‘pulsation’ or

the opening and closing of the liner Connecting tubes

Short milk tube = liner to claw Long milk tube = claw to milkline Short pulse tube = shell to air fork Long pulse tube = air fork to pulsator

Lets look at how air and milk move through the machine

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Blue= Air Red= Milk Violet= Air+Milk

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Barn milking systems 

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Washing of Milking Machines step by step

Rinsing milking Machine equipment's100-110F water is used Removing milk Fat and proteinChlorinated Alkaline solution used Acid rinsing(Phosphoric acid,nitric,Sulfuric acid )It will neutralize alkaline solution It is mineral soluble and remove the minerals It will form a layer of acid which will protect

further growth of bacteria .

Machine Milking Effecting Mammary Glands

6-20% It can be a source of transfer of contagious organisms from cow to cow,

It may reduce resistance of the streak canal by traumatizing the tissue and creating teat end lesions,

Machine Milking Effecting Mammary Glands

The machine may produce differentialvacuum forces sufficient enough to propelpathogen laden milk droplets through the streak canal into the teat

cistern. The machine can provide the means fortransfer of infection from one quarter to another of the same cow

(creating crossinfections), and

Transfer of contagious organisms Milk from infected cows coat the liners and milk residues collect

in the claw assembly. This provides a source of bacterial contamination to the teats of subsequently milked cows.

Teat-end trauma and machine factors

High vacuum levels and improper use of the milking machine have been associated with teat orifice erosion and hyperkeratosis.

Over-milking combined with other faults including vacuum fluctuations or inadequate pulsation can increase the incidence of mastitis.

Inadequate pulsation (insufficient or ineffective teat end massage) will increase the new infection rate.

Teat-end trauma and machine factors

teat end lesions damaged tissue

Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis

Teat orifice lesions show increasing levels of hyperkeratosis.

Teat end lesions demonstrating extensive hyperkeratosis, and skin erosions.

Liners and Mastitis Trauma produced to mucus membranes lining the teat sinus

produced by inappropriate liners (hard mouthpiece, excessive vacuum or high liner mouthpiece vacuum) can contribute to bacterial infection and mastitis

Hand Milking Milking is done by hand Types of hand Milking Full hand milking

Strip milking Folded thumb milking

Hand Milking Wet hand milking and fisting causes contamination of milk. Milkers in rural moisten their fingers with milk, water or even saliva, while milking.Wet hand milking makes the teats look harsh and dry chokes, cracks and sores appear which causes contamination. Twisting causes damages to the teat tissue which leads to udder infection. So dry hand milking may be practiced to avoid contamination of milk

Teat Chap Teat Chaps are the Skin fissures These may be due to wet, cold winds, use of inappropriate post

milking disinfectants Or by suckling of calves Rx Use glycerin with boric acid

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Hand Milking

Good Milking Procedures 1. Provide Cows with a Clean, Stress-Free

Environment 2. Check Foremilk and Udder for Mastitis 3. Wash Teats and Lower Surface of the Udder

with a Warm Sanitizing Solution 4. Use a Premilking Teat Dip (Optional) 5. Dry Teats Thoroughly 6. Attach Teat Cups within 1 min. 7. Adjust Milking Units as Necessary 8. Shut Off Vacuum Before Removing Teat Cups 9. Dip Teats with a Safe and Effective Teat Dip 10. Disinfect Teat Cups Between Cows

(Optional)