Botrytis Management in Cut Roses · 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 20 30 40 50...
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Botrytis Management in Cut Roses Melissa Muñoz, James E. Faust & Guido Schnabel
Transcript of Botrytis Management in Cut Roses · 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 20 30 40 50...
BotrytisManagementinCutRoses
MelissaMuñoz,JamesE.Faust&GuidoSchnabel
Ph.D. Horticulture• FloriculturePhysiology• Effectsofenvironmentalandculturalfactorson
theproductionofornamentalgreenhousecrops
• Botrytis foundonpansyflowersataFloridanurserythatwasresistanttoallofthemainfungicidesusedtocontrol Botrytis
Ph.D. Plant pathology• Integratedmanagementofdiseases• Botrytis controlinstrawberriesandblackberries• Fungicideresistancemechanisms• Decision-supportmodelsandsmart-phoneapps
toreduceandbettertimepesticideapplications
Context
BBCnews
• Botrytiscinerea:üUbiquitous
ü200speciesplanthostsüNecrotrophic
• Roses:üReductioninthepostharvestquality,leadingtosubstantialeconomicloss
bygrowersandwholesalers
The problem
The problem
400x 400x
Ø LeafwetnessØ 93%Relativehumidity
Ø 15-25ºC Optimum.0ºC to35.5ºC
DiseasetriangleSusceptiblehost
VirulentpathogenConduciveenvironment
ToevaluateweatherconditionsincommercialgreenhousesandtheirrelationshipwithBotrytis occurrence
Context
• SAS- StrawberryAdvisorySystem: isawebsite,andsmarth-phoneappthatprovidesaneasywayforstrawberrygrowersinFloridatotrackandforecastrisklevelsforBotrytisandanthracnosefruitrot
diseases.Italsoprovidesfungicideapplicationrecommendationsandallowsgrowerstoreceivealertsforselectedweatherstationsviapush
notifications.
Installationofweatherstations
• Solarradiation(W/m2)• Leafwetness(min)• Airtemperature(°C)• Relativehumidity(%)• Dewpoint(°C)• Leaftemperature(°C)• Soiltemperature(°C)• Electricalconductivity(mS/cm)• Watercontentofsoilmedia(%)• Windspeed(m/s)• Winddirection
Typicaldailyweatherpattern
Sola
r rad
iatio
n
(W/m
2)Ai
r tem
pera
ture
(ºC
)Re
lativ
e hu
mid
ity
(%)
Leaf
wet
ness
(min
/hou
r)
0100200300400500
10.012.515.017.520.022.5
5060708090
0102030405060
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:0010
:0011
:0012
:0013
:0014
:0015
:0016
:0017
:0018
:0019
:0020
:0021
:0022
:0023
:00 0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
Hour
Solarradiation(W/m2)
Airtemperature(oC)
Relativehumidity(%)
Leafwetness(min/h)
BOTRYTIS RISKMODELDEVELOPMENT
Botrytisinfectionrisk
Month DateLeafwetness
(h)Temperature
(oC)Infectionrisk
(%)Risk
February 2/20/17 7.5 11.4 6.3 NoFebruary 2/21/17 0.0 16.9 1.4 NoMarch 3/17/17 12.5 11.6 16.9 NoApril 4/15/17 12.5 11.3 15.9 NoApril 4/17/17 24.0 14.3 88.1 HighMay 5/29/17 11.5 11.6 14.2 NoMay 5/30/17 10.6 11.9 12.5 NoJun 6/9/17 19 14.3 67.7 MidJun 6/14/17 15.3 13.2 36.9 LowJun 6/15/17 8.0 12.8 8.5 NoJun 6/16/17 24.0 15.4 91.5 HighJun 6/29/17 13.5 11.1 17.9 noJun 6/30/17 17.8 13.2 51.8 MidJuly 7/1/17 20.1 15.0 76.6 HighJuly 7/15/17 14.5 11.7 24.5 NoJuly 7/28/17 15.25 11.9 29 No
August 8/17/17 14.5 11.7 24.9 NoSeptember 9/02/17 14.8 11.7 25.6 NoSeptember 9/03/17 24 12.2 76 High
Predictedvs.realBotrytisincidencevalues
0102030405060708090100
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35
Incide
nce(%
)
Week
ActualBotrytisIncidence PredictedBotrytisIncidence
• Thediseaseriskmodelhasvalueandcanbecomeaspartofanintegratemanagement
programofBotrytis• Weatherstationsareatoolthatmayimprovetimingforfungicideapplications
ToevaluateBotrytissporesdensityincommercialgreenhousesandtheirrelationtoculturalpractices
Installationofsporetraps
Countingsporesprocess
100x400x
Spores density
Spores density
Spores density
Culturalpractices
• Harvesting• Pinching• Sweepingfloors*• Blowing(debris
removal)*• Manualdebris
removal• Downymildew
removal
• Botrytisremoval• Deadstemspruning• Deadstemsremoval• Weeding• Drenching• Fungicidespray
application• Pesticidespray
application
• Thermo-fogging• Supplementary
wateringofbeds• PGRsapplication• Cuttingzonecleaning• Plasticchange• Fertilizercontainers
change
ThenumberandtypeofculturalpracticeshaveaneffectonBotrytissporedensity
TodetermineBotrytis severityindifferentrosetissuesfromcommercialshipments
• SouthAmericanStudy:• OneFarm• 2Greenhouses• OneSusceptibleVariety:OrangeCrush• SixShipments
• GeographicalStudy:• FourLocations:Ecuador,Africa,Colombia;
GuatemalaorMexico• FourShipments
AssessingBotrytisOccurrence&SeverityonCommercialRoseShipments
Inner Petals
Outer Petals
Mid Petals
Sepals
Ovary andStamens
Leaves
Stems
SampleCollectionandProcessing
Petals
Results:Botrytis occurrenceindifferentplanttissue:
SouthAmericaStudy
Petalsarethemostsusceptibletissue
Stems
Sepals
Stamens&ovary
73.7%
13.2%
7.9%
5.3%
Results:Botrytis occurrenceindifferentplanttissue:
SouthAmericaStudyStems
Sepals
Stamens&ovary
Outer34.2%
13.2%
7.9%
5.3%
Petals
Asignificantportionoftheinfectionoccursintissuesthatarenotexposed(Midandinnerpetals,stamensandovary)
Mid26.3%
Inner13.2%
ToassessfungicideresistanceprofilesinBotrytis isolatesfromcommercialcutroses
Context
• Resistencia:referstoanacquired,heritablereductioninsensitivityofafungustoaspecificanti-fungalagent(orfungicide).• FRAC (Fungicideresistanceactioncommittee):Grouptogetherthefungicidesthatareinriskofcrossresistancedevelopment,becausehaveasimilarmodeofaction
Inner Petals
Outer Petals
Mid Petals
Sepals
Ovary andStamens
Leaves
Stems
ControlFRAC9: Cyprodinil
FRAC12:FludioxonilFRAC17: Fenhexamid
FRAC2:IprodioneFRAC1:Thiophanate-methyl
FRAC19:Polyoxin DFRAC7:Boscalid
FRAC7:FluopyramFRAC7:Penthiopyrad
FRAC7:IsofetamidFRAC7:Pidiflumetophen
FUNGICIDERESISTANCEPROFILES:11FUNGICIDESTHATBELONGTO7CHEMICALCLASSES(FRAC)
FungicideResistanceProfiles
SouthAmericaStudy49Singlesporeisolates
GeographicalStudy58Singlesporeisolates
FungicideResistantIsolates:6Shipments(SouthAmericaStudy)
020406080100
FRAC
1FRAC
2FRAC
9FRAC
7FRAC
17
FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
12
FRAC
7FRAC
19
ResistantIsolates(%
)
Shipment2n=11
0.020.040.060.080.0100.0
FRAC
1FRAC
2FRAC
9FRAC
7FRAC
17
FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
12
FRAC
7FRAC
19
ResistantIsolates(%
)
Shipment3n=5
0.020.040.060.080.0100.0
FRAC
1FRAC
2FRAC
9FRAC
7FRAC
17
FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
12
FRAC
7FRAC
19
ResistantIsolates(%
)
Shipment5n=7
0.020.040.060.080.0100.0
FRAC
1FRAC
2FRAC
9FRAC
7FRAC
17
FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
12
FRAC
7FRAC
19
ResistantIsolates(%
)
Shipment6n=9
ResistantIsolate SensitiveIsolate
020406080100
FRAC
1FRAC
2FRAC
9FRAC
7FRAC
17
FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
12
FRAC
7FRAC
19
ResistantIsolates(%
)
Shipment1n=4
020406080100
FRAC
1FRAC
2FRAC
9FRAC
7FRAC
17
FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
7FRAC
12
FRAC
7FRAC
19
ResistantIsoates(%)
Shipment4n=13
ResistantIsolate SensitiveIsolate
FungicideResistantIsolates(SouthAmericaStudy)
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ResistantIsolates(%
) FungicidesappliedinthelastyearFluxapyroxad :FRAC7Pyrimethanil:FRAC9Famoxadone:FRAC11Azoxystrobin:FRAC11Propamocarb:FRAC28Fluopicolide:FRAC43Cymoxanil:FRAC27Tebuconazole:FRAC3Fluazinam:FRAC29Prochloraz:MultisiteCaptan:Multisite
Iminoctadine:MultisiteZincdiethyldithiocarbamate:Protectant
FungicideResistantIsolates(GeographicalStudy)
Aislamientos resistentes Aislamientos sensibles
0102030405060708090100
FRAC1
FRAC9
FRAC2
FRAC17
FRAC7
FRAC7
FRAC7:
FRAC12
FRAC7
FRAC7
FRAC19
Resistantisolates(%
)
Ecuadorn=23
0102030405060708090100
FRAC1
FRAC9
FRAC2
FRAC17
FRAC7
FRAC7
FRAC7:
FRAC12
FRAC7
FRAC7
FRAC19
Resistantisolates(%
)
Guatemalan=4
0102030405060708090100
FRAC1
FRAC9
FRAC2
FRAC17
FRAC7
FRAC7
FRAC7:
FRAC12
FRAC7
FRAC7
FRAC19
Resistantisolates(%
)
African=26
0102030405060708090100
FRAC1
FRAC9
FRAC2
FRAC17
FRAC7
FRAC7
FRAC7:
FRAC12
FRAC7
FRAC7
FRAC19
Resistantisolates(%
)
Colombian=4
0102030405060708090100
FRAC1 FRAC9 FRAC2 FRAC17 FRAC7 FRAC7 FRAC7: FRAC12 FRAC7 FRAC7 FRAC19Re
sistantisolates(%
)
Mexicon=2
Resistance:
• Insomechemicalclasses,theresistanceeffectisconservedevenwhenthefungicidesarenotusedinthepresentbuttheywereusedbeforee.g.FRAC1•Resistancetosomefungicidescanbedecreasedordisappeariftheresistancehasaneffectonthefitnessofthepathogenandnoapplicationsofthefungicidearedoneinawhilee.g.FRAC7- Boscalid onstrawberries
Botrytissymptoms
Abioticsymptoms
Pinkspotson petals arenot Botrytis symptoms
Alternaria sp.
Aspergillussp.
Diplodia sp.
400x
400x
400x
BioticSymptoms
12h
8hSporesuspension Water
ASSESSTHEINITIALSYMPTOMSFORBOTRYTIS
4h
Incubate(highRH)
DAY1 DAY2 DAY3 DAY4 DAY5 DAY6 DAY7
4h
8h
12h
Incubatio
ndu
ratio
nSymptomDevelopment Incubate
(highRH)
DAY9
LatentInfections
After4hofincubation(sporespresentonwetpetals),rosesdisplaynosymptoms.However,latentinfectionhasoccurredandsporulationwilloccuriftheflowersareexposedtotheproperconditions(highhumidity).
After>8hofincubation,Botrytissymptomsappearonpetals(beige/tan/discoloredspots).
ComprehensiveapproachSusceptiblehost
VirulentpathogenConduciveenvironment
CaandSicontentinrosetissue
00.20.40.60.81
1.21.41.61.82
Ca(%
)
Rosetissue
Calciumcontentindifferentrosetissue
00.050.1
0.150.2
0.250.3
0.350.4
Si(%
)Rosetissue
Sicontentindifferentrosetissue
Acknowledgements
SchnabelLab:Mengjun Hu
MadelineDowlingMarthaFroelichKarenBrysonLinusSmithBrodieCox
FaustLab:KatieBennettKellyLewisJiwoo Park
QUESTIONS?Questions?
¡Muchas gracias!
