BOTERO - Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Winter... · Fernando Botero, Dancing Couple Relief....

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AT FAIRCHILDBOTERO

10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156 305.667.1651, ext. 3305 www.fairchildgarden.org shop online at www.fairchildonline.com

The Shop at Fairchildgardening supplies, unique tropical gifts, tropical gourmet foods, home décor accessories

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from the executive director

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tropical cuisine

exploring

ask martha

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BOTERO AT FAIRCHILD

POLLINATION OF THE RARECOWHORN ORCHID

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PLANTS OF THE YEAR24

A PHOTOGRAHPIC ESSAY ON CONSERVINGOUR ENVIRONMENT

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100 YEARS AGO - DAVID AND MARIAN AND THEFANTASTIC FLYING MACHINE

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contributors

DR. JOE ZAMMIT-LUCIADr. Joe Zammit-Lucia is a leadingconservation photographer whose work isexhibited in prestigious venues such as theUnited Nations Headquarters in New Yorkand the National Museum of NaturalHistory in Paris, is featured in leading fineart photography magazines and isincluded in The World’s Greatest Blackand White Photography. He is workingwith Fairchild and other conservationorganizations on several conservationprojects around the world.

DR. ROBERT PEMBERTON ANDDR. HONG LIUDr. Hong Liu is postdoctoral scientist withthe University of Florida’s Ft. LauderdaleResearch and Education Center, where shedoes ecological studies on invasive plantsand insects. Dr. Bob Pemberton is Fairchild’sresearch associate and works for the USDAAgricultural Research Service’s Invasive PlantResearch Laboratory in Ft. Lauderdale. Heleads international programs to developenvironmentally safe biological controlsfor invasive plants and insects.

Discover how much fun yourlandscaping can be!

Surround yourself withwonder and beauty.

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Cel: 786-512-6301 Phone: 305-247-5268

ON THE COVERFernando Botero, Dancing Couple Relief.Gary Nader Collection.Photo by Gaby Orihuela/FTBG.

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JULIE PETRIEJulie Petrie joined the VolunteerDepartment in 2006 as the ProgramAssistant. She is a recent graduate from theUniversity of North Carolina at Charlotte,where she earned her B.A. in Anthropologywith a special interest in non-profitorganizations. Having volunteered withvarious organizations since childhood, Julietruly appreciates the value of the manythousands of hours of hard-work anddedication that Fairchild’s spectacularvolunteers give each and every year. Ph

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5www.fairchildgarden.org WINTER 2008

from the executive director

airchild Tropical Botanic Garden is growing into a garden of great international importance. While ourwork is reaching the far corners of the tropical world, we are also valued at home.

This year the readers of The Miami Herald voted Fairchild the number one natural wonder in Florida—atribute to our extraordinary garden and the affection with which it is held. Our second annualInternational Chocolate Festival attracted nearly 13,000 people to the garden. Our art program continuesthis year with Botero, Chihuly and Lichtenstein at Fairchild. Chihuly and Lichtenstein opened with hugecritical acclaim during Art Basel. We recently added another amazing component to the program: GaryNader’s collection of Fernando Botero’s beautiful bronze sculptures. As with all Fairchild events, theseexhibitions could not be held without the extraordinary support from the Fairchild community. Under theleadership of trustees Penny Stamps and Bryan Latham, a tremendous group of sponsors and supportershave allowed Fairchild to host another world-class art event.

Recently Fairchild scientists have made a number of important scientific discoveries. Drs. Jack Fisher andJay Horn of the Center for Tropical Plant Conservation were part of a team with the Royal BotanicGardens, Kew, to describe an entirely new genus of palm from Madagascar. This is an amazing discoveryof a giant, monocarpic palm with only about 100 trees known to exist. Our East African field officer,Quentin Luke, has described a new species of cycad from the remote Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania.We have other new species discovered during recent expeditions to the Caribbean.

This November, I had the privilege of accompanying Mrs. JeanEllen Shehan, our most beloved trustee, on a safari to Kenya. Wetraveled through Kenya with Quentin Luke. The purpose of the tripwas to reacquaint Jean Ellen with Africa and to show her the workthat Fairchild is undertaking in the region. We started in the greenvolcanic Chyulu Hills, where Quentin is completing an inventoryof the montane mist woodlands, and then we flew onto the MasaiMara to see the last of this season’s wildebeest herds trooping southto the Serengeti. During the trip, we explained to Jean Ellen whatFairchild is doing to save the plant diversity of this magical region.With Fairchild’s support, Quentin’s studies of remote mountainsand forests are discovering new species and identifying priorityareas for conservation. For instance, with funding from The RareEvent, Quentin was able to survey the Shimba Hills Reserve insouthern Kenya. He discovered that it is the most diverse forest inKenya with many unique species. Later this year, Quentin is

headed to Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea to explore the island’s poorly studied vegetation, one of the lastbotanical frontiers in Africa.

A long-time garden supporter recently asked me whether it was worth Fairchild doing conservation andenvironmental education when the problem is so huge, and Fairchild’s resources are relatively modest.Our work focuses Fairchild’s resources, most notably our extraordinary staff, on conserving some of theworld’s rarest plant species and bringing environmental awareness and a love for plants to all schoolsin our Miami-Dade County and beyond. It is reassuring that two of this country’s most influentialphilanthropic donors recognize the value of our work. This fall we received a grant from the MacArthurFoundation for our work in Jamaica, and we opened the Bank of America Learning Garden. The answeris a resounding yes! We are making a real difference in the tropical world.

Mike Maunder, Ph.D.

Mrs. Jean Ellen Shehan

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news

PALM BIOLOGY TRAINING

In January, we provided training in palm identification andbiology to Dr. Keith Clancy and Marc Jeanson, a USDA plantquarantine inspector and a new graduate student studyingpalms for a Ph.D. degree from the University of Paris,respectively. Dr. Clancy originally started his botany careerat Fairchild when he was a laboratory technician beforeattending graduate school. He now wants to specialize inpalms and palm products in his work at John F. KennedyAirport in New York. He will be checking plant materialsentering the United States, including live plants and palmartifacts that arrive from Asia, Africa and tropical America.

Jeanson is presently studying the fishtail palms and theirrelatives under the direction of Dr. A. Henderson at theNew York Botanical Garden. Both of these visitorscollected dried specimens for both the Fairchild herbariumand their own use, learned about sampling our large palmcollection for DNA study and took many photographs.They came because of Fairchild’s living collection and theexpertise of Fairchild’s staff.

DNA AND CARIBBEAN DISCOVERIES

Fairchild’s molecular laboratory, jointly operated withFlorida International University, recently confirmedmorphological studies indicating that Jacquemontia reclinata,a critically endangered species of South Florida, istaxonomically close to other species from South Florida andthe Caribbean Islands. This DNA data will allow foradditional research by Fairchild Conservation Ecologist Dr.Joyce Maschinski, on the breeding barriers and additionalgenetic differentiation between our South Florida endemicand its Caribbean relatives.

Continuing the long tradition of palm research at Fairchild, there are several DNA palmprojects. Fairchild has developed the first phylogeny or “evolutionary tree” for Caribbeanthatch palms including Thrinax and related genera. These studies have led to theresurrection of Hemithrinax, a Genus endemic to eastern Cuba. The DNA results suggestthat recent taxonomists were unable to distinguish it from Thrinax and that the taxonomicstatus of T. morrisii will need to be revisited. FIU undergraduate students Sandra Namoffand Andy Davis, respectively, publsihed the Jacquemontia and the silver palm findings.

Following field studies in the Jamaica Cockpit Country, DNA data revealed that a criticallyendangered species of croton endemic to this region was misplaced in the larger Antilleangenus Leucocroton. A taxonomic transfer of this species to Bernardia has recently beenpublished. Bernardia is neotropical genus with approximately 70 species; many of itsspecies are extremely common. Therefore, Fairchild’s molecular data suggests that theJamaican species must remain a high conservation priority because it is extremely rare.FIU graduate student, Brett Jestrow, published these findings.

Recent herbarium specimen studies at several European and U.S. institutions, coupled withmolecular data, have demonstrated that Feddea, a very rare species from Cuba, represents adistinct taxonomic group within the sunflower family. This genus is a relictual element of theAntilles, and both DNA and morphological data support its recognition as a new tribe.Indeed, it is the only tribe of the family confined to an island. This important discovery hasbeen recently published in the prestigious international journal Systematic Botany.

FAIRCHILD SCIENTISTS ANDASSOCIATES JOIN THE 8TH

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEON CYCAD BIOLOGY-CYCAD 2008

Dr. Javier Francisco-Ortega, head ofFairchild’s molecular laboratory andassociate professor of Florida InternationalUniversity and our FIU/Fairchild graduatestudent, joined cycadologists from all overthe world at the 8th InternationalConference on Cycad Biology-CYCAD2008. The event took place in PanamaCity in early January. Fairchild scientistsgave three oral presentations on ourcurrent DNA research projects withscientists from the USDA, New YorkBotanical Garden and Instituto de Ecología(Xalapa, Mexico). In addition, Dr. AlanMeerow presented a paper on populationgenetics of Caribbean cycads he co-authored with Dr. Francisco-Ortega.

Marc Jeanson Miami Blue

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RARE BUTTERFLY MEETING AT FTBG

On February 8, 2008, in an effort to stabilizeand increase imperiled butterfly populations,the Miami Blue Chapter hosted a day-longsession at Fairchild to pool information, mapstrategies and organize the South FloridaImperiled Butterfly Work Group. Fairchild,along with members from the National ParkService, the Florida Department ofEnvironmental Protection, the Miami-DadeDepartment of Parks and Recreation, as well asother national and state agencies, outlinedplans to help save some of South Florida’smost endangered butterflies, including theSchaus’ Swallowtail and the Miami Blue.

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orty schools competing in the annual school gardening and habitat restorationoption of this year’s Fairchild Challenge were awarded up to $200 each—$6,100 collectively—by Fairchild last month for their projects, in addition to

an innovative YourOutDoors tool kit designed for young gardeners.

Representing 130 South Florida secondary schools (plus ten elementary schools in apilot program), tens of thousands of students are actively involved in this year’smultidisciplinary Fairchild Challenge competitions, and school gardening is one ofthe most popular options.

School gardens reflect the immense creativity, diversity and exuberance of studentswho are active in the Fairchild Challenge. They also encourage teamwork, wherefriendships and mutual respect naturally grow in tandem with the gardens. And manystudents who struggle in traditional classroom settings find that they excel in gardeningand habitat restoration projects, increasing their knowledge, self-confidence, academicperformance and appreciation of nature.

“School gardens also provideopportunities to learn horticultural skills,observe nature, discover plant lifecyclesand identify where our food comes from,”notes Fairchild’s education outreachcoordinator Theresa Chormanski.“Teachers use gardens as spring-boards tointroduce science, language and visualarts, social studies, math and many otherdisciplines. School gardens let studentstake ownership in their school and

responsibility for beautifying their environment,” added Chormanski. Fairchild’scommunity outreach coordinator, Alison Walker, teamed up with Chormanski andcolleague April Dominguez to conduct two free, daylong gardening workshops

explaining

Gardens, Gardens Everywhere!By David Whitman, Fairchild Challenge Manager

MARK YOUR CALENDARS!

Final results of the Fairchild Challenge 2008 competitions will beannounced at awards ceremonies on Friday, May 9 (grades 9-12),Saturday, May 10 (grades 6-8), and Tuesday, May 13 (grades K-5).Schools that excel in the program receive the Fairchild ChallengeAward, with cash prizes for environmental activities beingawarded to the top-scoring schools. Additionally, the school-nominated Fairchild Challenge 2008 Environmental Role Models,or “Ermies,” will be honored. Please join us for these celebrations!

Students pose proudly in their Fairchild Challenge school garden at Dr. Michael M. Krop Senior High..

annually for teachers. During the Saturdayworkshops, teachers learned from Fairchild’sconservation ecologist Dr. Joyce Maschinski how torestore schoolyards to pine rockland habitats.Maschinski and seed technician Don Walters trainedparticipants to establish and care for pine rocklandspecies, and provided each with a starter kit ofnative plants for their schools.

The Fairchild Challenge supports school gardeningand habitat restoration at schools in other ways, too.Last year it offered each participating school a mangoor jackfruit sapling. Teachers have received variousresource books: Georgia Tasker’s Enchanted Ground:Gardening with Nature in the Subtropics, DavidFairchild’s The World Was My Garden, Travels of aPlant Explorer and William Whitman’s Five Decadeswith Tropical Fruit, A Personal Journey.

The Fairchild Challenge works with nurseries to provideseeds and plants and coordinates volunteers withgardening expertise (notable among them Don Evans,Fairchild’s retired director of grounds management, andMargie Bauer of the U.S. Department of Agriculture) toadvise schools on their gardens.

In the past, the students have created a dizzying arrayof gardens, including native, butterfly, vegetable,pond ecosystem, hummingbird, greenhouse, edible,memorial, tranquility, arid, pine rockland,carnivorous, orchid, Egyptian, color, moveable, salsa,art, aquatic, Shakespeare and, yes, pizza gardens!

In mid-April, Fairchild Challenge representatives willvisit an estimated 75 schools throughout the regionto see, smell, taste and fully appreciate the gardensthe students have created. Then, on April 22,gardening experts and enthusiasts will evaluate theprojects based on reports and photographs submittedby the competing schools.

Little compares to the harmony-inducing and soul-healing effects of gardening, and Fairchild TropicalBotanic Garden is doing all it can to involve South Florida’s youth in gardening as a life skill.

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Children today expect instantresults and constant excitement.The school garden gives them aplace of peace, a place to learnpatience, a place to work andwatch things grow. It is a placewhere things take time. It is a placeto build self-esteem and wisdom.

Michelle Dreseris, Ruth Owens KruséEducational Center

THE TROPICAL GARDEN 8

What’sBlooming

By Marilyn Griffiths, Plant Records

What else is blooming at Fairchild?A list of the currently flowering plants with a plot map is available at the Visitor Center. Our Web site,

www.fairchildgarden.org, is an excellent source for images and information about all of the plants in the garden.

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Dombeya ‘Seminole’

This relative of the Hibiscus is acultivated plant developed by the U.S.Department of Agriculture at ChapmanField. Its parentage is native to Africa.We have several species and cultivars ofthis genus, but ‘Seminole’ is the mostreliable and showiest of them all.Covered with clusters of deep pinkflowers from December through April,this shrub can be found in Plot 35.

Strongylodon macrobotrys

Native to the Philippines, the woodyjade vine produces incredible hangingclusters of blue-green flowers fromFebruary through April. Although it isvisible from the tram road near the VinePergola, it is better seen up close underthe Pergola where the flowers willenvelope you.

Petrea volubilis

Queen’s wreath is another showy vine,also found on our Vine Pergola. Itsnative habitat is from Mexico throughCentral America to Brazil and alsoincludes the West Indies. The clustersof numerous flowers shade from purpleto pale lavender. The calyx of theflower persists, giving the plant a longlasting colorful appearance. P. volubilis‘Albiflora’ is nearby, a white-floweredcultivar. Look for this plant at the northend of the Vine Pergola.

Aqua, deep pink, hues of purple. These are only a few of the colors you willsee around Fairchild at this time of the year.

The beautiful Vine Pergola is laden with the flowers of the distinctive jade vine as well as the draping,climbing and intertwining stems of other vines native to such places as India, New Guinea and New Caledonia.

Walk under the trellis dripping with these exotic flowers and leaves for a special experience.

The Arboretum is home to a myriad of plants arranged according to plant family and intermixed with manyornamentals. Not only will you find a wide variety of flowers, but unique foliage and fruits will catch your eye.


calendar of events fairchild

boardof trustees

Mike Maunder, Ph.D.EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

BOARD OF TRUSTEES2006-2007Bruce W. GreerPRESIDENT

Louis J. Risi, Jr.SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT &

TREASURER

W. Bryan Latham, M.D.ASSISTANT TREASURER

Suzanne SteinbergVICE PRESIDENT

Joyce J. BurnsSECRETARY

L. Jeanne AragonVICE PRESIDENT &

ASSISTANT SECRETARY

Leonard L. Abess, Jr.Henry N. Adorno, Esq.Alejandro J. AguirreRaymond F. Baddour, Sc.D.Nancy BatchelorNorman J. BenfordFaith F. BishockLeslie A. BoweSwanee DiMareSilvia E. FortunJosé R. GarrigóKenneth R. GravesWillis D. HardingPatricia M. HerbertRobert M. Kramer, Esq.Lin L. LougheedBruce C. MathesonRobert A. McNaughton, M.D.Clifford W. MezeyStephen D. Pearson, Esq.T. Hunter Pryor, M.D.Charles P. SacherJean Ellen ShehanJaná Sigars-Malina, Esq.Penelope W. StampsJames G. Stewart, Jr., M.D.Vincent A. Tria, Jr.Reginald N. WhiteheadAngela W. Whitman

Harold E. Kendall, Sr.TRUSTEE EMERITUS

This schedule of events is subject tochange. Please call 305.667.1651 for

information. For the latest schedule and topurchase tickets, visit

www.fairchildgarden.org.

Spring is HOT at FairchildBOTERO AT FAIRCHILDFeaturing the monumental sculptures ofColombian master Fernando BoteroNOW through May 31, 20089:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

DALE CHIHULY AT FAIRCHILDDale Chihuly’s A Garden of GlassNOW through May 31, 20089:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

ROY LICHTENSTEIN AT FAIRCHILDFeaturing the Pop’n sculptures ofRoy Lichtenstein.NOW through May 31, 2008 9:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

FAIRCHILD NIGHTS EVERY THURSDAYEvery Thursday nightNOW until May 31, from 6:00 - 9:30 p.m.Experience the monumental sculpturesof world-renowned Colombian artistFernando Botero, the brilliant art ofDale Chihuly and the sculptures of Popartist Roy Lichtenstein, food andentertainment after dark. Ticketsavailable at www.fairchildgarden.org.

MARCH 2008AFTERNOON TEA AT FAIRCHILDVisitor Center BallroomReservations at 305.667.1651, ext. 3359.March 16, 3:00 p.m.

EASTER BRUNCHGarden HouseSunday, March 23, 10:30 a.m.Reservations with Creative Tastes at 305.256.8399.

APRIL 2008FAIRCHILD INTERNATIONAL PALMAND CYCAD FESTIVALIn cooperation with the South FloridaPalm Society Saturday & Sunday, April 5 - 69:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

FAIRCHILD CHALLENGE RESEARCHPROJECTSElectric Vehicles DemonstrationSaturday, April 1211:30 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Research Projects ShowcaseSaturday, April 121:30 - 3:30 p.m. Garden House

AFTERNOON TEA AT FAIRCHILDVisitor Center Ballroom,Reservations at 305.667.1651,ext. 3359. April 13 & 23, 3:00 p.m.

BROMELIAD SHOW AND SALEPresented by the Bromeliad Society ofSouth FloridaSaturday & Sunday, April 19 - 20,9:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

FAIRCHILD’S SPRING PLANT SALESaturday, April 26

9:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

BEGONIA SHOW AND SALEPresented by the Miami BegoniaSociety. Saturday & Sunday,April 26 - 27, 9:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. MAY 2008FAIRCHILD CHALLENGE 2008AWARDS CEREMONIES Celebrating the tens of thousands ofstudents who took part in the FairchildChallenge 2008.Friday, May 9, 7:00 - 8:30 p.m.(grades 9-12).Saturday, May 10, 5:00 - 6:30 p.m.(grades 6-8)Tuesday, May 13, 5:00 - 6:30 p.m.(grades PK-5).Garden House

TROPICAL FLOWERING TREE SALE Presented by the Tropical FloweringTree Society. Saturday & Sunday,May 10 - 11, 9:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

MOTHER’S DAY BRUNCHVeranda Restaurant, Reservations at305.667.1651, ext. 3345.Sunday, May 11, 11:00 a.m.

AFTERNOON TEA AT FAIRCHILDVisitor Center Ballroom. Reservationsat 305.667.1651, ext. 3359.Sunday, May 11, 3:00 p.m.

BOUGAINVILLEA SALEPresented by the AmericanBougainvillea SocietySaturday & Sunday, May 17 - 189:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

CACTUS & SUCCULENT SHOWAND SALEPresented by the South Florida Cactus& Succulent SocietyFriday - Sunday, May 23 - 25,9:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

TROPICAL FERN & EXOTIC PLANTSHOW AND SALEPresented by the Tropical Fern & ExoticPlant Society Saturday & Sunday, May 31 - June 1,9:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

BOTERO, CHIHULY ANDLICHTENSTEIN AT FAIRCHILDEXHIBITION CLOSESSaturday, May 31


his past November, long-timeFairchild friend, volunteer andsupporter, Thomas G. Moore

endowed the building of the stone bridgeleading to the Amphitheater.

Mr. Moore is passionate about WilliamLyman Phillips’ landscape heritage atFairchild and especially this belovedgarden feature. Early on in Fairchild’sdesign phase, the Phillips team referred tothis bridge as The Causeway. TheCauseway will finally take shape atFairchild thanks to Mr. Moore’s generosityand vision. This gift is in honor ofFairchild Trustee Reggie Whitehead.

The Tropical Garden sat down with Mr.Moore a few months ago and talked withhim about what inspired him to endowthis long-awaited design.

TTG: What inspired you to endow thisstructure?

TM: Several years ago, I attended a seriesof orientation lectures for volunteers atFairchild. There were five differentlectures by various members of theFairchild staff and volunteers. The onethat made a lasting impression on me wasthe one given by Joanna L. Lombard.Joanna is a Professor of Architecture at theUniversity of Miami, as well as a WilliamLyman Phillips researcher and Fairchildvolunteer. In her lecture, she explainedhow the well-known landscape architecthad laid out the original plans for Fairchild.A stone bridge—The Causeway—leadingto the formal Amphitheater was part of hisdesign. The Causeway is a focal pointfrom numerous garden vistas includingthe Bailey Palm Glade and theAmphitheater entrance.

TTG: Tell me a little of your desire to tocomplete Mr. Phillips’ design.

TM: Fairchild was founded in 1936, (andopened in 1938) toward the end of the

Great Depression and finances were notavailable to complete all of the plans thatMr. Phillips had made. As a matter of fact,part of the construction of Fairchild wascompleted as a Civilian ConservationCorps (CCC) project financed by thefederal government. The bridge to theAmphitheater was part of the workcompleted by the CCC; however, thebridge that was ultimately built wassimpler in design than the one originallydesigned by Mr. Phillips. When I firstlearned about the original plans for TheCauseway, I thought it would bewonderful to complete this project as itwas originally conceived by Mr. Phillips.

There are a number of other projects inWilliam Lyman Phillips’ original plans ofFairchild that have either not beenconstructed or are in need of restorativework. Perhaps there will be others whoshare the desire to see his designcompleted or restored. They, too, canmake that possible.

LEAVING A LEGACYThomas G. Moore, Helping Fairchild Restore theFairchild Amphitheater Stone BridgeBy Jeremy Davit with Tom Moore

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Original William Lyman Phillips renditionof the “Causeway.”

Thomas G. Moore

The Fruit MarketAT THE WHITMAN PLAZA

Open every weekendthrough May 20.

Fruit tasting from 11:30 a.m.to 12:30 p.m.

Be sure to stop by and try a deliciousfruit smoothie and buy some freshtropical fruit from our fruit collectionto take home.


tropical cuisine

Cooking with GuavaBy Noris Ledesma, Curator of Tropical Fruit

ative to the American tropics, guava (Psidiumguajava) is one of the most widely used tropicalfruit in the tropical and sub-tropical world. Guavas

can be grown along the central and southern Florida coast.They can bear fruit all year depending on the cultivar. Guavacultivars vary in skin color, from light green to yellow and the flesh may bewhite, yellow, or pink to red. All have a powerful, sweet fragrance.

Guava can be eaten as a fresh fruit when ripe, prepared into sauce and chutney, or cooked as avegetable when green. It can be processed for jam, jelly, nectar and fruit juices as well as a flavoringfor other foods. Ripe guava fruit are an excellent source of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and dietary fiber.Guava is also a good source of vitamin A, phosphorus, calcium and iron.

Latin markets and some specialty gourmet stores sell guava paste. This is a combination of guavapulp, sugar, pectin and citric acid that is cooked together slowly almost to a gel. It comes inindividually wrapped bars that are firm enough to slice and can be served as a sweet snack or withcheese for dessert.

Guava Nectar(A base for smoothies, desserts and drinks)

Ingredients:

10 to 12 guavas 2 cups of water½ cup sugar 1 tsp. of vanilla

Wash the firm ripe guavas. Cut off the stem andblossom ends. Slice the guava and place into alarge sauce pan. Add 2 cups water to the slicedfruit. Cover and cook until soft.

Put this through a sieve to remove seeds. Addwater until puree is thin enough to drink.Sweeten with ½ cup of sugar and vanilla. Servecold with equal parts of limeade, or try it over ascoop of vanilla ice cream in a tall glass.

To freeze guava nectar, place in moisture/vapor proof containers. This will keep up to ayear at 32˚F and can be used as a base forsmoothies with milk or banana.

Neditorial staff

executive director

Mike Maunder, Ph.D.

editor/chief operating officer

Nannette M. Zapata

design

Lorena Alban

copy editors

Amy ButlerMary CollinsPaula Fernández de los MurosAnn Schmidt

staff contributors

Arlene FerrisNicole Gerard, Ph.D.Marilyn GriffithsMartha KentJack B. Fisher, Ph.D.Noris LedesmaJavier Francisco-Ortega, Ph.D.Carl E. Lewis, Ph.D.David Whitman

advertising information

Mari Novo305.667.1651, ext. 3357

previous editors

Marjory Stoneman Douglas 1945-50Lucita Wait 1950-56Nixon Smiley 1956-63Lucita Wait 1963-77Ann Prospero 1977-86Karen Nagle 1986-91Nicholas Cockshutt 1991-95Susan Knorr 1995-2004

The official publication of Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden

The Tropical Garden Volume 62, Number 4. The Tropical Garden is published quarterly.Subscription is included in membership dues.© FTBG 2007 ISBN 1071-0914

Paper is 10% total recovered fiber and 100% post-consumer waste.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may bereproduced without permission.

Accredited by the American Association ofMuseums, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Gardenis supported by contributions from membersand friends, and in part by the State ofFlorida, Department of State, Division ofCultural Affairs and the Florida Arts Council,the National Endowment for the Arts,Institute of Museum and Library Services,Miami-Dade County Department of CulturalAffairs, the Cultural Affairs Council, theMayor, and the Miami-Dade County Boardof County Commissioners, and with thesupport of The City of Coral Gables.

exploring

Illustration of the Tahina palm: inflorescence, flowers andfruits (from Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 156:79-91. 2008.)

Illustration of the Tahina palm and leaf parts(from Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 156:79-91. 2008.)

airchild scientists Drs. Jack Fisher and Jay Horn are part of an international team thatrecently described an entirely new genus of palm from Madagascar. In recent years,Fairchild scientists have made a number of important botanical discoveries,

demonstrating that the botanical world is not fully explored. Fairchild’s Dr. Carl Lewis waspart of the team that described the new palm genus Dransfieldia from the remote forests ofNew Guinea.

The discovery of a new species or genus of plant is always an exciting event, particularlywhen it is a giant palm and nearly extinct. The new Tahina palm appears to be a lonesurvivor in Madagascar with no close relatives growing in the area. Known from a singlepopulation of just 92 trees, it is of very great conservation concern and urgently needsconservation management to ensure its survival. The palm has an unusual and spectacularflowering behavior. After taking decades to grow to a height of over 30 feet, the palmliterally blooms itself to death, producing an enormous network of flowering branchesabove the crown of leaves. As the palm is finishing going out in this final blaze of glory, itsets hundreds of fruits to ensure another generation of its kind.

On January 17, 2008, the palm was officially named Tahinaspectabilis in the prestigious Botanical Journal of the LinneanSociety. The scientific name, meaning “blessed” in theMalagasy language, was authored by John Dransfield of theRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, and M.Rakotoarinivo, his student in Madagascar. The paper was co-authored by an international team of palm specialists fromKew, Fairchild and Madagascar.

Drs. Fisher and Horn led the anatomical research of Tahina.Their research proved beyond a doubt that Tahina is a newgenus of palm. Their work is supported by a NationalScience Foundation grant and will be included in aforthcoming book on palm anatomy.

Currently, one tree of the new palm is setting fruit in Madagascar, a rare event given itsreproductive strategy. Fairchild will receive a small number of these seed to germinatehere in Miami as part of the worldwide effort to safeguard this species by growing it intropical botanic gardens both in its native Madagascar and overseas.

Given the similarity of the environment of the palm in Madagascar to that of South Florida,we predict that it should grow well at Fairchild. The Tahina palm will join other endangeredpalm species already growing at Fairchild as part of the garden’s mission to conserve raretropical plants through cultivation and the preservation of their native habitats.

F

Microscope view of leaf cross-section of Tahina spectabilis. Photo by Jay Horn/FTBG.

The story of this giant

Malagasy palm “flowering

itself to death” captivated

the world’s media from

the BBC to the New York

Times. Here at Fairchild,

similar excitement

occurred when our talipot

palms (Corypha spp.)

flowered and died in the

last few years.

Fairchild is Part of an International Team That Describes aNew Palm from MadagascarBy Drs. Jack Fisher and Jay Horn

ask martha

Martha Kent is a staffhorticulturist at Fairchild. AskMartha your gardening questionsby calling her at 305.667.1651,ext. 3317 or [email protected].

The Co$t of Ficus WhiteflyBy Martha Kent, Staff Horticulturist

Ficus benjamina leaves beginning to turn yellow is a telltale sign of a ficuswhitefly infestation.

Ficus benjamina leaves have fallen away due to the whitefly infestation.

neighbor asked me to look at his ficus hedge, Ficus benjamina.What I saw was over 200 running feet of hedge with gapingleafless areas and a few 3’ x 3’ areas of yellow leaves. When I

shook the branches near the leafless areas, little white flies flew out ingreat numbers that confirmed my hunch: whitefly damage. Furthermore,the undersides of the leaves had the spots and dots; the remains of thepupae stage of whitefly.

What does this mean to my neighbor? His hedge is a privacy hedge. Hemust decide whether to treat the hedge with a spray and/or a drench. (Thismeans using horticulture oil in a spray form or a chemical in a rootdrenching.) The whitefly infestation is so new that the best managementmethod is still unknown. It is possible that if the hedge is left alone, it willreleaf, albeit, more slowly during the winter season.

My neighbor asked if this was a good opportunity to replace the ficushedge and start fresh. The answer is yes, he could, but it would be verycostly. However, he should calculate the cost of spraying probably at leasttwo or three times now and maybe again later, plus the ongoing yearlycosts of maintaining the hedge’s height and width. He should weigh thesecosts against those of associated with planting a new hedge.

If he decides to replace the hedge, he might want to install a privacy fencefirst. This would also be a good time to consider adding new plantmaterial. One good choice is native plants, such as the stoppers. They mixand match beautifully. Many of these native plants have mature heights of15-20 feet and do not require trimming or other maintenance. A secondchoice would be a mix of tropical natives such as bamboos, palms,heliconias and a host of smaller flowering shrubs.

Perhaps choosing to replace a section of the hedge at a time might be theway to go. It is a lot to think about, so break it down, get estimates on thedifferent options available to you and move ahead.

For more information on the Ficus Whitefly visit this Web site:http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/Pests_HT.shtml

A

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TBG

Pine Island Nursery, Inc.The Finest quality fruit trees for the

landscape, garden center,and grove.

16300 SW 184th St., Miami, FL 33187 phone (305) 233-5501 fax (305) 233-5610

www.TropicalFruitNursery.com

The John C. Gifford Arboretum

University of Miami Department of Biology

College of Arts and Sciences

Celebrates the Restoration ofthe Gifford Arboretumand the

Twentieth Gifford ArboretumLectureThursday, March 20, 20087:00 p.m.

James M. Cox Jr. Science Center

opening remarks by President Donna Shalala

Julie S. Denslow

Research Ecologist, USDA Forest Service

will speak on “Weeds in Paradise”

Guided arboretum tour at 6:00 p.m.

Free admission and parking

Reception following the lecture

The Gifford Arboretum is located on the University of Miami Coral

Gables campus near the intersection of San Amaro Drive and

Robbia Avenue.

For information call 305-284-5364. This lecture is cosponsored by Montgomery

Botanical Center and The Kampong of the National Tropical Botanical Garden, and

is part of the CETroB series.

305 903 2850 [email protected] - www.nancybatchelor.com

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RETTEBLAER

ROLEAN

romeliads are tropical New Worldplants, found naturally only in theAmericas. Their great variety and beauty

have led to their cultivation all over the world.

Bromeliads are tough plants that can tolerate lifeindoors. Yet the great attribute of these colorfulgems is their invigoration of the landscape. Typessuch as Neoregelia and Aechmea reach their fullpotential in bright, filtered light, with intense, long-lasting color at maturity. Large, orange-leafedAechmea blanchetiana can tolerate almost fullsun, making it such a good landscape specimenthat recently it has become ubiquitous in Miami.

Cryptanthus and Dyckia, often with beautifullypatterned leaves and delicate flowers, can begrown similarly to cactus. Others, such asGuzmania, Vriesea and Alcantarea, prefer lowerlight. Because of their natural habit as aerial

dwellers of the rainforest canopy, most ofthese bromeliads do as well in the crotch of atree or strapped to the trunk of a palm as inthe ground. The charming Tillandsia, the airplant bromeliads, are the stiff-leaved, silvery-colored representatives we count among thenatives of South Florida. Spring sees theseplants in profuse, flamboyant bloom alongOld Cutler Road and in the Everglades.

The Bromeliad Society ofSouth Florida meets thefirst Tuesday of eachmonth at 7:30 p.m. atFairchild. Meetingsinclude informative slidepresentations, lectures,

raffles, refreshments and plant sales. Theannual show and sale of our society willoccur April 19-20, on Fairchild’s grounds.

plant societies

Bromeliad Society of South FloridaBy Lynne Fieber, Bromeliad Society of South Florida

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A good rule ofthumb is thatwhere tropicalorchids canprosper, so canbromeliads.

een anything new around Fairchild lately? Whether it is the growing artexhibition, the impressive addition of new plants and color, or the expansion ofour tram tours in multiple languages, we are quite convinced it is all happening

because of Fairchild’s energetic, creative and dynamic volunteers! Just ask ourambassadors in the bright blue vests, the dazzling yellow Discovery shirts or thosecruising along in the tram, and they will be eager to tell you all about the new wondersoccurring at Fairchild.

Perhaps you have noticed some volunteers in bright blue around the monumentalsculptures by Fernando Botero and Roy Lichtenstein. These exhibition docents tookserveral hours of extensive training about the artists and their work. Exhibition docentAna Schuetz said, “What I like most about the art in the garden is the talk that the artinspires. Most [people] are impressed by the size of the Lichtenstein sculptures; I am,too. People talk most about the Modern Head and House. The Head is so big and set ina prime spot, so it looks impressive from all angles. The House is the most fun and afavorite because people always laugh with its apparent movement.”

Visitors of all ages come to Fairchild to see the beauty of art displayed in nature, andperhaps the most curious of all our visitors are the thousands of students who explorethe garden every year. In particular, the Discovery Program gives students theopportunity to explore technology, science and art. The newest addition to theDiscovery agenda is called Lichtenstein Inspires Design. In this activity, Discoveryvolunteers encourage students to use their imaginations to create art inspired by theconcepts that Lichtenstein used. Some of the activities include inventing a floor plan forthe imaginary interior of House II, creating a story about how the invisible person inCoup de Chapeau II has lost his hat, or drawing an abstract piece of their very ownusing pattern and movement.

Not only do Fairchild volunteers make art and education fun and exciting, they are nowmaking it possible for Spanish-speaking visitors to learn about Fairchild in their nativelanguage. Fairchild now offers Spanish tram tours every Tuesday afternoon at 1:30 and2:30 p.m. A team of volunteers worked tirelessly preparing the tour for the public,including interpreting key concepts and making cultural assumptions. Volunteer LuisVillalon has worked on the tour for the past two years. “I had a few difficulties figuringout what to do with names like papaya. The Cubans call it fruta bomba, the Dominicanscall it lechoza and so on. So which one do you use? Another factor we had to deal withwas converting feet to meters, acres to hectares and so on.” A special thanks to narratorsLuis Villalon, Ingrid Halaby, Fred Brenner, Betty Eber, Susi Mayobre and driver KenStrang for their dedication to the creation of this tour.

Whether it is offering informative and engaging discussions of Lichtenstein‘s art,inspiring a love of art and nature in children or offering tram tours in English and nowSpanish, Fairchild volunteers do it all. Each of these three areas is part of Fairchild’smission, which is made possible by Fairchild’s dedicated and essential helpers, ourvolunteers!


vis-a-vis volunteers

Something’s Always Blooming at Fairchild! By Julie Petrie, Volunteer Program Assistant

S

Spanish Tram Tour Guide Fred Brenner is applauded by verysatisfied visitors after his tour.

Volunteer Joan Vigil guides students from China throughthe Lichtenstein Inspires Design Discovery Activity.

Exhibition docents Ana Schuetz and Natalie Liebman tellvisitors about Lichtenstein’s Modern Head.

EN ESPAÑOL: SPANISH TRAM TOURS

Spanish tram tours are available on Tuesday afternoons and weekends. Please checkFairchild’s Web site for the latest schedule, www.fairchildgarden.org. Alternativetour dates can be arranged three weeks in advance by contacting Visitor Services.

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March 2008 ANNUAL FUND 2007-2008

Dear Fairchild Friend:

You may have heard it by now: Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden is the #1 Florida Wonder as voted by the readers of The MiamiHerald. This important designation was not only recognition of our beautiful tropical botanic garden, but also because of ourimportant conservation and education programs in South Florida and throughout the tropical world.

Exploring: This year, the American Public Garden Association recognized Fairchild as the holder of both the National Palm andCycad Collections. This prestigious honor was a result of Fairchild’s leading efforts in conservation and horticultural display.Fairchild’s conservation scientists have discovered species new to science and are helping plan their conservation. With ourpartner, Florida International University, we are using DNA research as a tool for conservation, and we are training the nextgeneration of plant conservationists in our laboratories and field projects. But, there is still more that we need to do.

Explaining: Fairchild’s cutting edge education programs, Explorer, Discovery and Challenge, will reach more than 45,000students in 2008. Thousands of students will be introduced to the bounty of the tropical world, learn about the importance ofscience and environmental stewardship and will experience Fairchild, one of the few remaining green spaces in Miami. Withyour help, we could reach even more students. We want every student to develop a passion for the tropical world.

Conserving: Right here in South Florida, Fairchild is saving native plants. Our scientists are working to protect and replantendangered Florida plant species. On an international scale, Fairchild is working closely with over 20 partners worldwide onconservation studies and wildlife management plans. Fairchild is working to conserve some of the most endangered species andhabitats in places such as East Africa, Madagascar, the Caribbean and South America. Our conservation initiatives not onlysave species and habitats, they also stimulate local economies, create jobs and encourage fair trade.

Cultural Impact: Fairchild has brought art to hundreds of thousands of people since 2002 through our exhibitions. This season,Fairchild is hosting the beautiful sculptures of Fernando Botero, Dale Chihuly and Roy Lichtenstein. These exhibitions areunique events that will introduce Fairchild to a quarter of a million people who will learn about our garden and importantconservation programs.

We need your help! In order to continue conserving South Florida’s rich plant heritage, addressing conservation needsinternationally and providing a wonderful resource for environmental education and world-class art exhibitions, we need yourcontinued support and commitment.

Please make a financial gift to us now to support our Annual Fund drive. While your membership dues help Fairchild continueour wonderful programming, your additional Annual Fund gift will allow us to make the kind of impact that helps protect andsave some of the most threatened plants and habitats in the world, introduce visitors and students to a wide open green spaceand develop and grow one of the world’s most beautiful tropical botanic gardens.

Please take a moment and think about what Fairchild means to you, your family, our community and the future of the tropicalworld. We thank you for your support and continued commitment to Fairchild.

Sincerely,

Bruce W. Greer Mike Maunder, Ph.D.President, Board of Trustees Executive Director

P.S. Please continue your support of Fairchild by sending us your Annual Fund gift today.

F A I R C H I L D T R O P I C A L B O T A N I C G A R D E N

When we think of Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, we usually envision a world of

exotic plants collected from the far reaches of the tropics. We also think of the wonderful

palms, baobabs, the jade vine and the other cool climbers on the vine pergola, and more

recently, a sampling of Madagascar’s bizarre succulents. But Fairchild has native Florida

plant wonders as well, including the spectacular cowhorn orchid.

Pollinationof the rare

cowhorn orchidBy Drs. Robert Pemberton and Hong Liu

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he orchid is named for its one-to-two foot long tapering pseudobulbs, which have also giventhe orchid the name “cigar orchid.” The cowhorn orchid, known botanically as Cyrtopodiumpunctatum, occurs from southern Florida and south into South America. The cowhorn is an

epiphytic orchid, which means that it grows on other plants; in this case on trees and tree stumps incypress and buttonwood forest and prairies. It is the most massive orchid in North America. Somelarge plants surround tree trunks can weigh hundreds of pounds. The flowers are impressive as well,with large plants having multiple flower spikes displaying hundreds of flowers at the same time. Theindividual flowers are only about an inch wide, but they are attractively colored yellow or yellow-green with striking purple brown markings. This distinctive orchid was one of the first tropical orchidsto be described by science and was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1763.

This large, striking orchid was once abundant in the Everglades, Big Cypress and other natural areas insouthern Florida. But sadly, its attractiveness caused it to be collected from the Everglades and otherareas by the wagonload beginning a hundred years ago or more. This intensive collection made thecowhorn rare by the late 1940s. Even after Everglades National Park was established in 1947, poacherscut down trees in the park to steal cowhorn orchids. Today the orchid is protected as an endangeredspecies by the State of Florida. Sadly, there are not many left, and the plants that still exist in the wildproduce few fruit.

We became interested in the cowhorn orchid through our research on the invasive orchid bee(Euglossa viridissma), a solitary bee that recently invaded South Florida (so far in Broward and PalmBeach Counties and some of northern Miami-Dade County) from its native Mexico and CentralAmerica. Robert first discovered the orchid bee on his front porch in Ft. Lauderdale in 2003. Howthis bee arrived in Florida is a mystery, but we suspect that it might have accidentally been importedinto the county, perhaps along with some bamboo furniture, since such enclosed areas encouragesome immature bees to make small nests.

After arriving, the immature bees finished their development and emerged as adult bees to establisha colonizing population. Males of this orchid bee were recorded in a 1962 paper to pollinate thecowhorn orchid in tropical America. We thought that if this orchid bee is a pollinator of the orchidhere in Florida, it could enhance fruit set and help the restoration of the rare cowhorn orchid. So inthe first part of our study, we exposed cowhorn orchids in a Broward County residential gardenwhere the orchid bee is abundant, to learn if the bee would pollinate the cowhorn orchid.

T

FACING PAGEFemale native oil-collecting bee Centriserrans, found to be the pollinator of thecowhorn orchid at Fairchild. Note the yellowpollinarium (the compressed pollen masses) ofthe orchid on her head. The pollinarium wasglued to the bee when she entered a flower,and it would be stripped from her when sheentered another flower, and then deposited onthe stigma to accomplish pollination.

The bee is more abundant at Fairchild than isin the wild because of the greater presence ofoil-reward flowers.

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We watched the cowhorn orchid flowers for about 15 hours and determined that neither the male northe female orchid bees had any interest in the cowhorn orchid flowers, although they pollinated theflowers of other types of perfume orchids known to be associated with orchid bees. We did, however,see a different bee, an oil-collecting bee (Centris nitida) frequently visit the cowhorn flowers. This oil-collecting bee flew from flower to flower touching the lips of the flowers, but only on one occasion didwe see it completely enter a flower. We captured one C. nitida bee with a cowhorn orchid pollinaria,during the month-long study, indicating that this oil-collecting bee is at least an occasional pollinatorof the orchid. Pollinaria, a structure characteristic of most orchids and comprised of compressed pollenmasses, are glued to their specialized pollinators by an adhesive gland. Also quite surprisingly, this oil-collecting bee turns out to be another unreported invasive bee from tropical America!

Now on to Fairchild’s cowhorn orchids, the second part of our study. Thesecowhorn orchids, which grow in the tops and on the trunks of palms inFairchild’s Palmetum, have been in the garden a long time. SeniorHorticulturist Mary Collins said some of the plants were present over 30years ago, when she first joined the garden. The plants are, with theexception of one plant at the old coral house, all volunteers, meaning thatthey were not planted in the garden, but floated in naturally as seed andestablished themselves without knowing assistance from the gardeners.Fairchild is within the cowhorn orchid’s historical geographic range.

More to the point, when we visited the garden last winter, we found that many plants had multiplefruit hanging from them. The fruit are large, 2-3 inch-long, pear-shaped capsules that dangle from oldflower stalks. This large fruit production greatly interested us because this orchid produces so few fruitin nature. Our colleague, Jimi Sadle, monitored cowhorn orchids in Big Cypress for five years and sawonly two fruit! So if fruit are being produced abundantly in Fairchild’s cowhorns, who is pollinating theflowers? And why is much more pollination happening at Fairchild than in more natural areas?You may have seen us around the garden last March and April, during the cowhorn’s floweringperiod, sitting in lawn chairs with notebooks and our insect nets in the Palmetum. We were doingtimed watches of cowhorn orchid flowers to try to learn who are the pollinators of the orchid. Wesaw the same invasive oil-collecting bee (Centris nitida), exhibiting lip touching behavior but not actuallyentering the flowers. We also saw another oil-collecting bee, South Florida native Centis errans, visiting

Wagons loaded with native Florida orchids,the cowhorn orchid (Cyrtopodium punctatum)

and mule ear orchid (Trichocentrumundulatum), collected for sale from what is

now Everglades National Park. Intensivecollections of the cowhorn orchid made the

species rare in Florida by the late 1940s.Photograph by John Kunkle Small in 1916,

Florida State Archive.

Discovery leading todiscovery really isthe way scienceoften works and isdefinitely one of themost exciting partsof “doing science.”

Flor

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Bob Pemberton and Hong Liu withone of Fairchild’s cowhorn orchids,

whose pollination ecology theystudied. The cowhorn orchids at

Fairchild produce many fruit whilethe few plants in the wild produce

little, few or no fruit, indicating moreeffective pollination in the garden. Ph

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Pem

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the orchid flowers. Many of these female C. errans bees flew directly to the flowers and completelyentered them. We saw C. errans visit many flowers on different days, and on four occasions we saw thebees enter flowers and exit with the orchid pollinia glued to the backs of their heads (Figure 3).

Hence, we finally identified the principal pollinator of Fairchild’s cowhorn orchids. The oil-collectingaspect of these Centris bees relates to their collection of edible oil rewards of flowers of most membersof the Malpighiaceae, a tropical family of vines and shrubs usually with mostly yellow flowers. The oil isusually secreted from glands on the sepals (bud covers) of the flowers of plants in this family, and femaleCentris bees use the collected oil for nest construction or mix it with pollen to make the food for theirlarvae. They place this food, called the provision, inside their nest cells and lay an egg on the foodprovision in a single cell and then close the cell. The larva hatches from the egg, eats the provision andcompletes its development, then pupates and emerges as an adult bee. Solitary bee mothers do all thelabor on the front end of “child rearing.”

Many species that belong to the Malpighiaceae are planted at Fairchild,and we observed females of both Centris species collecting the edibleoil rewards from their flowers. One of these “malpigs” is Brysonimalucida, a native shrub that blooms at the same time as the cowhornorchid. Centris errans is closely associated with Byrsonima lucida innature, because it is probably the only available source of the neededoil. This pollination relationship between the Centris, malphigs and

orchids is known to occur in the dancing doll orchids (Oncidium species), which are rewardlessmimics of the malpig flowers that engenders Centris bee pollination of the dancing dolls. We thinkthat the rewardless Crytopodium orchids (the cowhorns) also mimic malpig flowers and attractCentris bees searching for edible oils from malpig flowers. In both the Oncidium and Cyrtopodiumorchids, Centris bees are attracted to a raised callus-like structure on the lips of the orchids whichthey may interpret to be oil glands.

But there is another wrinkle to this story. Byrsonima lucida has also become rare. The plant growsprimarily on pine rocklands which have largely been destroyed by the construction boom in Miami.We suspect that the populations of Centris errans are also much reduced because their primary oilsource has been much reduced, which in turn probably accounts, at least in part, for the limitedpollination and fruit set in the cowhorn orchid in natural areas.

We think a potential solution may be to simultaneously restore both the cowhorn orchid and Byrsonimalucida. This should increase Centris errans populations, which should result in increased pollination ofthe cowhorn orchid and should lead to more fruit set and increase the populations of this orchid.

The cowhorn orchid story is a great example of the complex links that exist in the nature. Almosteveryone knows that bees are important, but this understanding relates mostly to the importance ofthe introduced honey bee pollinating crops for humans. Most wild plants need native bees or otherlittle-known insects, and at times, even other plants for their pollination and long-term survival.

In fact, only 2% ofthe pine rocklandhabitat thatoccurred in Miami-Dade still exists!

305-253-6360www.floridapalmexperts.com

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We are celebrating 15 yearsMention this ad andget 15% off

2008plants of the year As gardeners and plant lovers, we are always

looking for new ideas for our landscapes.

In South Florida, we are fortunate to have the

choice of many tropical species. The Plants of the

Year Committee has researched and discussed

many of these plants in an effort to choose this

year’s winners.

Continuing in the plant introduction tradition of

Dr. David Fairchild, Fairchild Tropical Botanic

Garden would like to acquaint you with the 2008

Plants of the Year. Please look for them at Fairchild

and consider them for use in your garden.

Marilyn Griffiths, Chairperson; Harvey Bernstein, Mary Collins, Mike Davenport, MarthaKent, Jason Lopez, Ken Neugent.

PLANTS OF THE YEAR COMMITTEE MEMBERS:


Euphorbia puniceaBotanical name: Euphorbia puniceaFamily: EuphorbiaceaeCommon name: Flame of Jamaica, Jamaican poinsettiaNative to: Jamaica Habit: Evergreen shrub or small tree to 20’Flower: On and off, throughout the year. Large bracts in shades ofred surrounding a complex yellow flower structure.Fruit: Usually green tinged with red, pop open when ripe.Growing conditions: Full sun, well-drained soilPropagation: Seeds, cuttings, air layersComments: Its sap may irritate the skin. Great for xeric gardens andis moderately salt tolerant. This species appears to vary slightlybetween populations, further study is needed.

Euphorbia punicea, known as the flame of Jamaica, is an evergreensucculent shrub to small tree found only on the sunny island ofJamaica. Although first described in 1788, E. punicea has yet to find itsway into many South Florida gardens, even though it thrives onlimestone, needs no irrigation and is a very light feeder. Its slowgrowth, upright habit and branching structure make pruning irrelevant.Flame of Jamaica has the potential to bloom almost year-round.

What we see as a flower show is actually an odd inflorescencesurrounded by showy bracts, or modified leaves. These bracts canrange in color from orangish-pink to scarlet to crimson red.Warblers and honey bees visit throughout the day, taking advantageof the abundant sweet nectar. Plant Euphorbia punicea in well-drained soil, or even a rocky hole with full exposure to the sun. Bepatient. Like a fine wine it gets better with age. Plots 41c, 50 and 107

Myrcianthes fragransBotanical name: Myrcianthes fragransFamily: MyrtaceaeCommon name: Simpson’s stopperNative to: South Florida & West Indies, Central America tonorthern South AmericaHabit: Evergreen shrub to tree 20’ tall.Flower: White, fragrant, to 1/2” diameterFruit: Red-orange, attractive to birdsGrowing conditions: Well-drained soil in full sun to shade. Averagewater requirements. Propagation: SeedComments: The small, deep green leaves contain aromatic oils withthe fragrance of nutmeg. When in full sun, the leaves grow denselyon the smooth-barked branches. When this plant is grown in shade,the foliage becomes less dense, and the trunk displays its attractive,smooth, mottled bark.

Myrcianthes fragrans, or Simpson’s stopper, is a native of thehammocks of South Florida and Tropical America. This shrub orsmall tree grows to 20 feet tall. It makes a great hedge and is a lowmaintenance alternative to the commonly used ficus hedge.Simpson’s stopper’s silvery gray to warm brown bark naturallypeels to reveal a smooth, burnished copper-colored inner layer.

Crush the small, slightly leathery leaves, and you will discover apleasant aroma. Fragrant little white flowers are producedintermittently through the spring and summer. Showy red-orangefruit provide food for several bird species. Simpson’s stopper willhave a dense branching habit if grown in full sun. When grown inthe shade, the foliage is less dense and the trunk displays itsattractive, smooth, exfoliating bark. Plant one near a feeder orbirdbath for shy birds such as painted buntings and cardinals to useas a safe haven. Plots: 3 and 46

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Coccothrinax argentataBotanical name: Coccothrinax argentataFamily: ArecaceaeCommon name: Silver thatch palmNative to: South Florida, southeastern Mexico, the Caribbean and ColombiaHabit: Slow growing, solitary palm to 15”Flower: Small, creamy flowers borne on two-foot long inflorescence.Growing conditions: Well-drained soil in full sun; thrives on limestone.Propagation: SeedComments: This palm is especially salt and drought tolerant.

Watch Coccothrinax argentata as the undersides of its deep green leaves flashmetallic silver on a breezy summer day, and you will know why it is one ofFlorida’s native gems. It is small, but perfectly proportioned, with a five-footwide canopy of fan leaves sitting atop a trunk that is six inches thick. In latesummer, two-foot spikes laden with hundreds of small, creamy-white flowershang down from within the canopy. They are reminiscent of a delicate fringethat might have hung from a lady’s dress in olden days. Small, pearl-sized fruitfollow the flowers, changing color from grassy green to dark purplish black.

Silver thatch palm is a small, slow-growing palm and perfect as a specimenplant in a patio garden. It invites its observer to come close and view itsdelicate details. It also looks wonderful grown as a uniform group in the largergarden or mixed with slash pine, coontie (Zamia integrifolia) and other Floridapine rockland plants. Plant it in the hottest spot in your garden, and watch itgreedily absorb every ray of Florida sunshine. Salt spray is no problem either,as C. argentata grows naturally along coastline. Do not let its petite, delicateappearance fool you; it is tough as nails. The only thing that can kill it is toomuch shade and water. Plots 107 and 150 (Bailey Palm Glade)

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conserving

Award-Winning Conservation Photographer Dr. Joe Zammit-Lucia recently met with Fairchild’s ExecutiveDirector Dr. Mike Maunder to review Dr. Zammit-Lucia’s new book, FIRST STEPS-Conserving

Our Environment. The Tropical Garden sat down with Dr. Zammit-Lucia and Dr. Maunder to gettheir interpretations on select images from the book.

FIRST STEPSConserving our Environment

By Dr. Mike Maunder and Dr. Joe Zammit-LuciaPhotos by Dr. Joe Zammit-Lucia

Earth to Sky I Earth to Sky II

Just One Tree

Just One Tree

Opium

Earth to Sky (facing page)

JZL: These images of aspens reaching for the sky werecreated in New Mexico. They show these magnificent treesreaching all the way from the Earth to the sky. To me, theysymbolize the bridge between the health of the Earth’satmosphere and the health of the Earth itself and the vitalrole our trees and forests play in maintaining thatequilibrium.

MM: I was looking at Joe’s images of these beautifulaspens after reading the reports of progress at the climatechange conference in Bali. The value of the world’sforests was recognized at this meeting. At last the worldis seeing trees as more than a crop to be measured by thecubic meter of felled timber. Research is now showingthat the forests of the world are essential banks of carbonthat will buffer the world against rising carbon dioxidelevels. They are also home to a large proportion of theworld’s biodiversity, they guard essential watersheds andare places of incredible beauty.

Just One TreeJZL: These images were created in Nottinghamshire,England. This landscape was once part of the mightySherwood Forest. Most of the area has, over centuries,been converted to agricultural and buildingdevelopment. This is one example of the extensivedeforestation that has happened. Humans will continueto encourage it through our endless consumption.

MM: I grew up in rural England, and Joe’s imagesreminded me of the changes I have seen where the oldlandscape of small fields and hedges was swept away tobe replaced by “prairie” scale agricultural landscapes.(Some of those hedges were over 600 years old!) We areseeing similarly profound changes in our own SouthFlorida landscapes; the old matrix of grove, hammockand field in Homestead and Redland is being replacedwith high density housing. The scary fact is that humanmemory is short and today’s children will see the newlandscapes as “natural” and they may not mourn thecultural and biological heritage that has been lost.

OpiumJZL: This is an image of an unopened opium poppy.Opium is one example of how we both use and abuseour natural resources. An important source of pain-killing medication, opium is also the source of one ofthe most socially destructive addictive drugs. In thecontext of the book, this image is used to symbolizeaddiction; in particular our addiction here in the U.S.to almost endless wasteful consumption, the primaryreason we are destroying the planet we inhabit.

MM: This beautiful flower has changed the course ofhistory. The use of the opium poppy predates writtenhistory, with images of opium poppies found inancient Sumerian artifacts from 6,000 years ago. Theopium poppy was also known to the ancient Greeks,from whom it gained its generic name of Opium. Thislittle plant remains at the center of world politics and


the lethal drug trade. It is still a major crop in Afghanistan.The opium poppy is a reminder that plants are of immenseeconomic and political importance.

SlashedJZL: This image is of fronds of a rare palm specimen at Fairchild’sconservatory. This close-up shot creates an image that looks likemultiple slashes with a knife. To me, this was symbolic of the factthat most of these palms have been slashed almost to extinction withonly a dozen or so specimens remaining in their natural habitat.

MM: At Fairchild we work to save tropical plant species fromextinction. This beautiful and almost extinct palm, Pelagodoxahenryana from the Marquesas in the Pacific, survives with only 10plants in the wild. It symbolizes the increasing number of tropical plantspecies that are perilously close to extinction. It would be a tragedy ifJoe’s evocative image along with dry herbarium specimens and a DNAvoucher at Fairchild are all that remain of an extinct species.

Medicine ManJZL: This image was created in Jamaica as part of Fairchild’s projectfocused on conserving the rainforests in the Jamaican CockpitCountry. The subject is a well-known Rasta healer who usestraditional herbal remedies to help many people for whom modern

medicine has failed. In constructing this portrait, I was trying toproject a feeling of elderly wisdom as a reminder that, while havingmade many important strides forward, modern science is not the onlysource of wisdom and that maybe we still have many opportunities tolearn from traditions that have lasted hundreds of years.

MM: Seeing Joe’s photo of the Rasta healer from Jamaicaimmediately took me back 20 years to when I was apprenticed to amedicinal plant expert in the Juba Valley of southern Somalia. Itwas my introduction to the extraordinary botanical and culturaldiversity of the tropics. The forests and the communities of the Jubahave been lost in the smoke of a horrible civil war. Much of thetraditional knowledge about the medicinal plants, honey harvestingand timber working have gone, too. Every time we lose a habitatand the knowledge associated with that land, we lose anirreplaceable heritage.

Red, White and BlueJZL: In constructing this image, I adopted the style of nineteenthcentury nature illustrations. These illustrations often isolated partsof animals and plants, reproducing them in exquisite detail.

MM: This wonderful close-up of a macaw catches some of thesplendor of the tropical world. Tropical biodiversity is not only a

Medicine ManSlashed

Red, White and Blue Virgin White

To learn more aboutDr. Zammit-Lucia’s newbook, FIRST STEPS-Conserving ourEnvironment,please visitwww.firststepsbook.com.

Also, on April 18 at 8:00 p.m.,Dr. Zammit-Lucia will discuss and sign

copies of First Steps at Books & Books inCoral Gables. Proceeds from the sales of

Dr. Zammit-Lucia’s books will also benefitFairchild’s conservation programs.

Books & Books 265 Aragon Avenue

Coral Gables, FL 33134305.442.4408

www.booksandbooks.com

scientific and utilitarian resource, but it is also a thing of wonderand inspiration. Macaws, palms, orchids and tropical butterflies allfire the imagination with their kaleidoscopic shapes, textures,colors and sounds.

Virgin WhiteJZL: Much of the beauty of nature is hidden, resting in smalldetails that we often fail to see. Photography provides theopportunity to help us see things in a way that we wouldotherwise normally ignore. This close-up image of an orchidfocuses on the symmetrical beauty that lies in the detail of theflower rather than the blousy beauty of the whole flower. Theyellow creates a delicate splash of color on the virgin whitebackground of the petals.

MM: Joe has captured the amazing anatomy of the orchid, a truesymbol, like the macaw, of the tropical world’s fecundity andsplendor. Orchid flowers may be pretty to human observers, butthey present a myriad set of lures and snares for their pollinators.The ornate beauty of each orchid is a vivid testament to the powerof natural selection. Today many orchid species are threatenedwith extinction, the result of habitat loss in the tropics,commercial collecting and the breakdown of pollination systems.

Upcoming event: FIRST STEPS Conserving Our Environment

NOW THROUGH MAY 31, 2008AT FAIRCHILDBOTERO

GARY NADER’S

COLLECTION

Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and GaryNader proudly bring to South Florida the beautifulbronze sculptures of world-renowned Colombianmaster Fernando Botero. Along with the otherworks on exhibit by artist Dale Chihuly and Popicon Roy Lichtenstein, Botero’s bronzes willremain on display through May 31, 2008.

Fernando Botero, Reclining Woman, 2003. Gary Nader Collection.Photo by César A. Zuluaga.


en monumental sculptures by Botero, arguably the mostfamous artist in the world, are on exhibit at Fairchild. Thepieces range in size from three to 15 feet tall and weigh

upwards of two tons. Over the past several years, some of thesculptures in Fairchild’s exhibition have graced Paris’s Champs-Elysées, Madrid’s Paseo de Recoletos, Michigan Avenue in Chicagoand Park Avenue in New York.

The beauty of Fairchild’s landscape brings a new dimension toBotero’s sculptures. Whether it is the organic relationship betweenthe earthy-toned bronzes against the lush tropical landscapes or themagnificent balance between Fairchild’s towering palms and theimpressive Torso, Botero’s monumental sculptures are beautifullyset at Fairchild

Botero’s “puffed-up” sculptures are multidimensional. They violatethe canons of beauty and convey their own dimension, possessing avitality and power of expression that excites the senses. “My subjectmatter is sometimes satirical,” Botero has said of his works. “These‘puffed-up’ personalities are being ‘puffed’ to give themsensuality…In art, as long as you have ideas and think, you arebound to deform nature. Art is deformation. There are no works ofart that are truly realistic.”

Born in 1932, in Medellín, Colombia, Botero is one of the world’smost commercially successful artists. While perhaps better knownas a painter, Botero began casting sculpture when he moved toParis in 1973, and created his distinctive swollen forms in bronze.Today, the sculptures are made primarily in Pietrasanta, Italy, hometo some of the most famous foundries in the world, and whereBotero also keeps a house.

Many of contemporary art critics did not take Botero’s massivesculpture seriously until his series of installations in some of theworld’s biggest cities. Brook Adams, from Art in America, wrote,“Botero should be understood as a latter-day Baroque showmanwho succeeded in conquering the metropolis with his down-to-earth parade of mythical charged creatures…[including] humansranging from lovable village types of stylized, over-muscled athletesand fecund-looking female nudes.”

“I think you have to create a thing that functions within very free,imaginative and innovative parameters,” Botero has remarked. “Youdo not create beauty from classical canons. The problem consists ofsurprising and being surprised. You have to find something thatyields peace and balance, despite the overwhelming and thedisproportionate.”

TFernando Botero, Head, 1999, Gary Nader Collection.Photo by Gaby Orihuela/FTBG

Fernando Botero, Man on Horse, Gary Nader Collection.Photo by Gaby Orihuela/FTBG


gifts and donors

MAJOR GIFTSCapital FundThe Paul J. DiMare FoundationMr. Thomas G. Moore

EducationThe Batchelor Foundation Peacock Foundation, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Steven J. Saiontz Washington Mutual

SPECIAL PROJECTSBird HabitatDr. James A. Kushlan

Butterfly Garden Mr. and Mrs. Fred Caravetta

Visitor Rest AreasMr. and Mrs. Alan W. Steinberg

Expedition FundDr. and Mrs. Jeffrey S. Block John D. and Catherine T.

MacArthur Foundation

Madagascar FundMr. and Mrs. George L. Lindemann

Palm Program Dr. F. Lynn Leverett Ms. Lane W. Park Clarence Wolf Jr. and Alma B. Wolf

Foundation Inc.

RainforestRichard H. Simons Charitable Trust

Trail of The IguanaR. Kirk Landon

Williams GroveMiami Beach Construction Company

CORPORATE FRIENDSDeCoursey Family Foundation Silva Architects

Platinum FellowsMr. and Mrs. Jon BatchelorMs. Janet Mosely and Dr. W. Bryan LathamMorgan Keegan & Company, Inc.Ocean BankMs. Evelyn Langlieb Greer and

Mr. Bruce W. GreerMr. and Mrs. Alan W. SteinbergMrs. Angela W. WhitmanMr. and Mrs. Heinz LuedekingMayor and Mrs. Donald SlesnickMr. and Mrs. Allan HerbertMr. and Mrs. Paul J. DiMareMr. R. Kirk LandonMr. and Mrs. E. Roe Stamps, IVMr. and Mrs. Steven J. Saiontz

Gold FellowsMr. and Ms. Matthew ButtrickThe Chingos FoundationMr. and Mrs. Hugh F. CulverhouseMs. Agnes Gund and Mr. Daniel ShapiroMs. Cynthia KnightMr. R. Kirk LandonDr. F. Lynn LeverettMr. and Mrs. Jay W. LotspeichMichael and Diane Rosenberg

Family Foundation, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. L. Richard MattawayMs. Paula PanichDr. and Mrs. T. Hunter PryorMr. and Mrs. Cyrus B. Sweet, IIIMr. Carl I. Schwartz

U.S. Botanical Garden Your Out Doors, Inc.

Silver FellowsBankAtlantic Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Alan S. BernsteinMr. and Ms. Steven CarlsonMr. and Mrs. Todd G. ColeMs. Sharon Christoph and

Dr. Christopher DavidsonMrs. Paula Fernandez de los Muros

and Mr. Pedro FernandezJames Deering Danielson FoundationLloyd L. and Helen R. Dilworth FoundationFidelity Charitable Gift FundFuel Outdoor MiamiMr. and Mrs. Victor L. FullerMr. and Mrs. Francis W. HatchDr. James A. KushlanMr. Thomas G. MooreMr. and Mrs. Charles PostenTropic Landscaping and Lawn

Maintenance

Fellows Mr. and Mrs. Sheldon AndersonMr. and Mrs. John R. AnzivinoMr. and Mrs. Rudolph AragonMrs. Blanche T. AugustProf. and Mrs. Raymond F. BaddourMr. and Mrs. Victor C. BalestraMrs. Bunny BastianMr. and Mrs. Carl BauerMr. and Mrs. Norman J. BenfordMr. and Mrs. Peter L. BermontMr. and Mrs. James T. BernhardtDr. and Mrs. Arnold S. BlausteinDr. and Mrs. Jeffrey S. BlockDr. and Mrs. S. Allen BradfordMr. and Mrs. Robert BrockwayMr. and Mrs. Paul L. CejasCoconut Grove Garden ClubMs. Ana CollongetteDr. and Mrs. Alfred DamusDr. and Mrs. Rafael de MontoroMr. and Mrs. Joseph Z. DukeMr. and Mrs. Lewis EastlickMr. Elling O. EideDr. and Mrs. Richard A. EliasMr. and Mrs. Robert EnglishMrs. Grace ErgasMr. and Mrs. Ronald EssermanMr. and Mrs. J. Cary FindlayFirmino Enterprises, Inc.Mrs. Laura FrohmanMrs. Daphne Lewis FomonMs. Caroline E. Gaynor and

Mr. Herbert RuizDr. and Mrs. Phillip T. GeorgeDr. and Mrs. Joseph L. GiegelMiss Lauren R. GouldMr. and Mrs. K. Lawrence GraggMr. and Mrs. Kenneth R. GravesMr. and Mrs. Ronald E. HerzogMs. Joan Higbee & Mr. Jose CanoHoratio B. Ebert Charitable

Foundation - Mr. Mark B. EdwardsMr. and Mrs. Tom Huston, Jr.Ms. Catherine IrvinMr. and Mrs. Dan KimballJohn S. and James L. Knight

Foundation - Mr. Alberto Ibargüen, Mr. Christopher Kraska and

Mrs. Laurie FacsinaMr. and Mrs. Marvin G. Kurzban

Le Basque ProductionsDr. and Mrs. Richard LevineMr. Lin L. Lougheed and

Mr. Aaron I. Fleischman Mr. and Mrs. George A. LyallMr. and Mrs. Stephen A. LynchMr. and Mrs. Thomas MackayDr. and Mrs. Bruce M. MahaffeyMr. Bruce C. MathesonMs. Margaretta T. McGeheeMr. and Mrs. Paul McMahonMr. and Mrs. Clifford W. MezeyMr. and Mrs. Billy MillerMr. and Mrs. Carleton MitchellMr. and Mrs. Anthony R. MorgenthauMr. and Mrs. William MorrisonDr. and Mrs. William P. Murphy, Jr.Ms. Alex Nichols & Mrs. Julie NicholsMs. Rita NicholsMr. and Mrs. Henry NortonMr. and Mrs. Sheldon B. PalleyMs. Lane W. ParkMr. and Mrs. Robert A. ParsleyMr. and Mrs. James M. PflegerMr. and Mrs. Preston L. PrevattPro-Line Builders, LLCMr. and Mrs. David QuintMrs. Nettie Belle RobinsonMr. and Mrs. Clifford D. RosenDr. Audrey H. Ross and

Mr. H. Jackson RossMs. Shirley SchwartzMr. and Mrs. Dieter J. SeidenthalMr. and Mrs. David ServianskyMrs. Janá Sigars-MalinaSiltek Group, Inc.Ms. Valrae V. M. Spatz and

Mr. Carl SpatzMr. and Mrs. Eugene E. Stark, Jr.Ms. Leslie SternliebDr. and Mrs. James G. Stewart, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. Richard StewartSunset Valley OrchidsMr. and Mrs. David S. SwetlandMs. Georgia B. TaskerMr. and Mrs. William G. TennilleMr. and Mrs. TimmonsMr. and Mrs. Mitchell TressMr. and Mrs. Christopher G. TysonMr. and Mrs. Sherwood M. WeiserMs. Jana Wheatman and

Mr. Robert HagewoodMrs. Marta S. WeeksWilliamson CadillacMr. and Mrs. Malcolm B. Wiseheart, Jr.Dr. Mark YoungMr. and Mrs. E. Richard Yulman

TRIBUTE PROGRAMTree In Honor of Mary BoyarIn Memory of Logan Max GardnerIn Memory of Dorothy S. HansellIn Memory of David “Bud” PeresIn Memory of Earl “Skip” ScofieldIn Memory of Jose Fernandez QuintanaIn Memory of Luis Figueredo ValdiviaIn Memory of Ferencz Gyury Wolf

BenchIn Honor of the Eber and

Masson FamiliesIn Memory of Philip GuerraIn Memory of L. Austin Weeks

Tree and BenchIn Memory of John Cole BrockwayIn Memory of Hilda Janin-Von Arx

Legacy SocietyFlipse Charitable Remainder Annuity Trust Dr. F. Lynn LeverettMs. Lane Park Mr. Thomas G. Moore Ms. Jane H. Hsiao

CHIHULY & LICHTENSTEIN ATFAIRCHILD 2007-2008Presenting SponsorGary Nader Fine Arts

Participating SponsorsThe Roy Lichtenstein FoundationJames Goodman GalleryMr. and Mrs. Ira Harris

Media SponsorsThe Miami HeraldEl Nuevo HeraldDiario las Americas

Platinum SponsorJLR Holdings LLC -

Mr. Larry Rutherford

Silver SponsorsMs. Agnes Gund and Mr. Daniel ShapiroMr. Lin L. Lougheed Mrs. Dorothy LichtensteinMicky and Madeleine Arison

Family FoundationCarlos and Rosa de la Cruz CollectionsThe Aaron I. Fleischman FoundationMr. and Mrs. Norman BramanMr. Martin Marguiles and

Ms. Constance CollinsMr. and Mrs. Leonard A. LauderDr. and Mrs. Phillip T. GeorgeMs. Evelyn Langlieb Greer and

Mr. Bruce W. GreerThe Latham Charitable FoundationThe Stamps Family Charitable FoundationTerranova Corporation -

Mr. Stephen H. Bittel

Bronze SponsorsAssurantBilzin Sumberg Mr. and Mrs. Allan HerbertMerrill LynchMrs. Angela W. Whitman

Friend SponsorKatzman Family FoundationMyrna and Sheldon PalleyTropical Trailer Leasing - Mr. Al VaraWithers Worldwide - Mr. Chip WithersWith the support of The City of

Coral GablesMiami-Dade County Commissioner

Sally A. Heyman

Fellows SponsorShelley Gorson and Alan Salpeter

Family FundThe Israel, Rose, Henry and Robert

Wiener Charitable Foundation

SponsorsMiami-Dade Department of

Cultural Affairs

The following gifts were donated between August 1 and December 31, 2007. Please notify the Development Officeat 305.667.1651, ext. 3310 if your information is not correct. We apologize in advance for any errors or omissions.

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Support Fairchild Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden needs the support of donors and

members like you. Please consider making a donation to the gardento support our ever-growing operational and programmatic needs.

Every gift helps ensure our continued growth.

For information on making a donation, please call 305.667.1651,ext. 3323, or send contributions to:

Fairchild Tropical Botanic GardenDevelopment Office

10901 Old Cutler RoadCoral Gables, FL 33156

Donations may be made online atwww.fairchildgarden.org

Dietes grandiflora

ROY LICHTENSTEIN AT FAIRCHILDOPENS WITH A POP

Nearly 150 sponsors and guests attended Fairchild’sart season VIP Kick-off Party in December. Thenight represented the official start of Fairchild’s artseason celebrating the monumental sculptures ofPop art icon Roy Lichtenstein, the brilliant glassforms of Dale Chihuly and, most recently, FernandoBotero’s beautiful bronze pieces.

Among those who attended the VIP Party wereJanet Mosely and Bryan Latham, Penny and RoeStamps, Evelyn Langlieb Greer and Bruce Greer,Angela Whitman, Ana and Al Vara, Myrna andSheldon Palley, Maria and Alejandro Aguirre,Commissioner Katy Sorenson and more.

2008 GALA IN THE GARDENBENEFACTORS PARTY

Penny and Roe Stamps, generously hostedFairchild’s Gala in the Garden 2008 BenefactorsParty in December. The Stamps graciously sharedtheir beautiful Coconut Grove home andexpansive lush tropical gardens with the guests.

Fairchild’s Executive Director Dr. Mike Maunderwelcomed guests and Gala in the Garden 2008 Co-Chairmen Bunny Bastian and Teresa Buoniconti.Special mention was made to Honorary ChairmanJean Ellen duPont Shehan and PhilanthropicChairmen Brenda Nestor Castellano, Anna MayConese, Swanee DiMare and Frances Aldrich Sevilla-Sacasa. Guests included Trish and Dan Bell, Paulaand Bob Brockway, Joyce Burns, Evelyn LangliebGreer and Bruce Greer, Kirk Landon and PamelaGarrison, Lin Lougheed, Manny and Irene Rodriguez,Libby and Gene Witherspoon and Jody Wolfe.

(L-R) Bruce Greer, Evelyn Langlieb Greer, Janet Mosely andDr. Bryan Latham.

(L-R) Penny and Roe Stamps; Bunny Bastian, Teresa Buoniconti,Co-Chairmen

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EDUCATIONLUNCHEONCELEBRATIONMAY 8, 2008

We invite you to join us onMay 8 to celebrate Fairchild’sEducation Programs and theindividuals that give it wings.

The celebration includes apreview of student projects, aluncheon and presentationsby education staff honoringthose who allow Fairchild toinspire so many individualslocally and around the world.

Proceeds from the celebrationluncheon directly benefitFairchild’s EducationPrograms fostering botanicaland environmentalawareness, scholarship andstewardship.

For more information, pleasecontact Jeremy Davit [email protected] or305.667.1651, ext. 3377.

WISH LIST

FOR THE SPECIAL EVENTS AND MARKETINGDEPARTMENTSFour-passenger golf cart: $4,000Permanently-installed audio visual system for VisitorCenter BallroomFOR THE VOLUNTEER DEPARTMENTLightweight notebook computer, new with 1 GB RAM:$1,200FOR THE ADULT EDUCATION PROGRAMNotebook computer, new with 1 GB RAM forpresentations: $1,200Two wireless notebook computer stations for outdoorclassrooms: $10,000 eachFOR THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPanasonic AG-DVC7 camcorder with case: $1,000FOR THE HORTICULTURE DEPARTMENTRock/chipping hammer: $1,000One digital SLR camera, with memory card, batterypack and case: $1,800Walk-behind aerator: $1,500Soil mixer for nursery: $6,000Notebook and portable LCD projector: $5,000Antique coontie grinder: pricelessFOR THE CENTER FOR TROPICAL PLANTCONSERVATIONSeed germination chamber: $8,500Cannon Digital Rebel 10.1 megapixel SLR camera,lenses and memory cards: $1,000Techniques for the Study of Mycorrhiza, Volume 23(Methods in Microbiology) by J. R. Norris: $230Lightweight notebook computer with minimum of80GB hard drive, 1GB RAM, and a DVD read/writedrive: $2,000Mid-size, pick-up truck with king cab and 2-3”gasoline-powered pump: $27,000 Ultra-cold freezer for the Tropical Plant DNA Bank:$6,000FOR FAIRCHILD’S VIRTUAL HERBARIUM, THEWORLD’S FIRST VIRTUAL HERBARIUMOne ultra high-resolution Microtek ScanMaker 1000XL,3200-dpi, 12 x17 large format scanner: $2,000FOR THE ARCHIVES DEPARTMENTComputer, large-format transparency scanner,Photoshop: $5,000FOR THE RESEARCH LIBRARYBooks from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, includingthe Flora of Somalia (4 vol.), the World Checklist &Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae), andother monographs on tropical plant families: $1,000FOR THE FAIRCHILD TRIBUTE PROGRAMDigital SLR camera with memory card, spare batterypack: $1,500FOR THE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENTNotebook computer, new, small, lightweight andwireless: $2,000Portable LCD projector: $3,000

WISHES GRANTEDAssistance with South Entrance Admission Booth:Mr. and Mrs. Clark CookPortable, solar-powered generator for EducationDepartment: Roger JaarHigh resolution scanner for Herbarium: Moyna Princeto honor the memory of her husband, Edward J. PrinceGolf cart for Executive Director: Geri and Robert Wegner

To fully fund a wish, donate a portion of the cost ordonate the actual item, please contact Suzanne Kores at305.667.1651, ext. 3323 or [email protected].

LIN LOUGHEED AND AARON FLEISHMAN’S ART BASELLUNCH AT FAIRCHILD, DECEMBER 2007

On December 4, 2007, Fairchild Trustee Lin Lougheed and Aaron Fleischmanheld a fabulous lunch during Art Basel Miami Beach to celebrate the opening ofRoy Lichtenstein at Fairchild. The lunch was in honor of Dorothy Lichtenstein, RoyLichtenstein’s widow and President of the Roy Lichtenstein Foundation and TiquiAtencio Demirdjian, President of the Guggenheim International Director’s Counciland Chair of Tate’s Latin American Acquisitions Committee. The exciting afternoonbegan with cocktails in the Allée Overlook near Roy Lichtenstein’s impressiveModern Head followed by a tram tour of Lichtenstein’s sculptures and Fairchild’scollections. The lunch was held in Fairchild’s marquee tent overlooking PandanusLake and was elegantly decorated and catered by Le Basque.

(L-R) Martin Margulies, Sam Keller, Tiqui Atencio Demirdjian, Lin Lougheed

5TH ANNUAL FINE WINES AT FAIRCHILD

Fairchild presentedthe 5th Annual FineWines at Fairchildin January. Thiscelebration of theeconomic botany ofVitis vinifera, thegrape vine, wassponsored by WWine Bistro. Thetasting attractedover 200 guestswho had theopportunity tosample andpurchase

approximately 100 wines from around the world including Sterling, Catena andMondavi, to name a few. The wine tasting was paired with culinary delightsprepared by some of South Florida’s finest restaurants and caterers. Guests alsoenjoyed narrated tram tours of the garden, as well as Fairchild’s art exhibition.Proceeds from the event benefit Fairchild’s educational outreach program, TheFairchild Challenge, designed to foster botanic and environmental awareness forstudents of diverse interests, abilities, talents and backgrounds.

(L-R) Ronald L. Browne, Melissa Granados, Florent Blanchet ofW Wine Bistro

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BANK OF AMERICA LEARNING GARDEN INAUGURATION

On January 15, Fairchild inagurated the Bank of America Learning Garden.The Bank of America Learning Garden is the result of a generous grant fromBank of America and comes at a most important time in Fairchild’s educationand outreach history. Last year, Fairchild reached over 40,000 students andteachers in almost 100 schools in Miami-Dade County.

The Bank of America Learning Garden will help Fairchild tremendously in“growing” the next generation of leaders and stewards of our environment,neighborhoods and communities. This space features a Chickee hut, whichserves as an outdoor classroom, cleverly designed planting tables, teakbenches and storage facilities. Botanically, the site features native, culturallysignificant and sensory plantings accompanied with interpretive signshighlighting their importance. Also, these plantings create necessary habitatsfor birds and butterflies.

The Bank of America Learning Garden at Fairchild provides a venue forvisitors of all ages and backgrounds to increase their understanding andappreciation of ecology, plants, art and nature. Thank you, Bank of America!

BONSAI SHOWAND SALE

This magnificentbonsai specimen,Ficus retusa, was thestar attraction at theBonsai Society ofMiami’s 21st AnnualShow and Sale atFairchild this past fall.It was imported fromChina two years ago

where it had been in a private collection. The tree hasbeen passed down three generations within a family andis between 80 and 100 years old. It now resides at MiamiTropical Bonsai. Congratulations to the Bonsai Society ofMiami for another an excellent show and sale.

(L-R) Bruce Greer, Maria Alonso, Vincent Tria, Gene Schaefer, Jeremy Davit

2ND ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CHOCOLATE FESTIVAL

Nearly 13,000 chocolate lovers attended Fairchild’s second annual InternationalChocolate Festival in late January. For this incredibly decadent event, vendors fromMiami, New York and even from as far away as Mexico, prepared for a massiveturnout with enough samples and gift-wrapped chocolates to go around. In fact,several tons of chocolate were on-hand. One vendor had over 500 pounds alone!Visitors were quite busy tasting and purchasing a bevy of chocolate delights.

Aside from stuffing yourself silly with chocolate, there was plenty more to do. WholeFoods sponsored wonderful cooking demonstrations, Equinox Fitness Club and SpaParties offered mini-massages, and Origins got people buttered up with their cocoabutter facials. At the ChocoKids tent, young children were busy playing withchocolate-smelling Play-Doh and coloring cut-out butterflies adding chocolate kissesas decorations.

Guests also enjoyed the guided tours about the cacao tree’s natural habit, the rain forest,and the cacao tree display in the Garden House. People were also buying their owncacao trees to take home, as well as “Sharry baby” chocolate orchids. Another favoritesouvenir visitors purchased were the chocolate scented festival T-shirts.

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ALICE’SADVENTURES INWONDERLANDThe Playground Theaterwill present “Alice’sAdventures inWonderland” March 14through April 11, 2008.The garden scene in thiswhismical and excitingproduction was inspiredby Fairchild TropicalBotanic Garden. Ticketsfor “Alice’s Adventures inWonderland” are availableby calling 305.751.9550.Fairchild members maypurchase tickets at aspecial rate of $10.

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Give aMembershipGiftConsider a gift of membershipand share your support ofFairchild. Members enjoy freeadmission to Fairchild; asubscription to The TropicalGarden; priority registrationfor Fairchild classes;invitations to members-onlyevents; library privileges;discounts on books, gifts andclasses; and free admission tohundreds of gardens, arboretaand science museumsthroughout the United States. To give the gift of membershipor to renew, please contactthe membership office at305.667.1651, ext. 3301 orvisit www.fairchildgarden.org.

TEDD JOHNSON joinedthe Education Departmentin April 2007, as graphicdesigner. Before coming toFairchild, he operated hisown design firm thatspecialized in creatingcollateral materials forcorporations such as FPLand Jackson Health System.His initial exposure to thegarden was attending theMango Festival with hiswife. He looks forward toproviding his talents toFairchild’s educationalprograms.

ALINA BALEAN is a recentgraduate from FloridaInternational University,where her last courseintroduced her to Fairchild.As a young designprofessional, she is workingside-by-side withFairchild’s esteemedmarketing department asthe in-house graphicdesigner. Her favorite placein the garden is theRainforest, because she cansee it from her deskeveryday.

APRIL DOMINGUEZcreated and coordinated theDiscovery program atFairchild since September2005. Utilizing herprevious professionalexperience from the ChicagoBotanic Garden and PeaceCorps, Panama, shedeveloped a program thatultimately connects studentsto science, technology andart. In mid-February, Aprilbegan a new stage in herFairchild career asMembership Manager.April has a B.S. inOrnamental Horticulture witha design concentration.

staff news

Photos by Gaby Orihuela

Become a volunteer at Fairchildand

Be part of a wonderful communityGain Knowledge and

Be part of a global conservationeffort right here in South Florida

Volunteers are needed now for guiding, gardening and toserve as hosts and docents for the

Botero, Chihuly and Lichtenstein at Fairchild exhibition.

For more information about becoming a volunteer, pleasecall Sandy at 305.667.1651, ext. 3324.

Thanks! We hope to see you atthe garden soon!

Photos by Julie Petrie/FTBG.

Students from El Tigre school in Costa Rica proudly display a tree planted in theirschool yard during their first year participating in the Fairchild Challenge.

THE FAIRCHILD CHALLENGE IN COSTA RICA

La Selva Biological Station is one of 43 institutions worldwide thathas been trained as a satellite partner to implement the FairchildChallenge. Students from schools participating in the FairchildChallenge at La Selva have also been creating botanical illustrationsand environmental cartoons, doing research projects andintergenerational interviews, and participating in reforestation effortsin the biological corridor of San Juan-La Selva.

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But it was not all about plants. He and Marian still found time for plentyof other activities. One of their biggest passions was aviation. AlexanderGraham Bell, Marian’s father, was an avid supporter of flight. The WrightBrothers had already proven that flight was possible with their briefexperiment at Kitty Hawk, and now the Aero Club and ScientificAmerican were offering a prize for anyone who could fly at least akilometer in a straight line. Competition was fierce, and excitement washigh. Glenn Curtiss planned an attempt at Hammondsport, New York,with his fragile little “June Bug” machine. Bell sent David and Marian towatch and record the activities.

While the weather was not perfect, the June Bug and Curtiss performedamazingly well, winning the prize and leaving no doubt that the skieswould no longer be the sole domain of the birds.

“In spite of all I had read and heard, and all the photographs I had seen—the actual sight of a man flying past me through the air was thrilling to adegree that I can’t express. We all lost our heads, and David shouted andI cried and everyone cheered and clapped and engines tooted.” – MarianFairchild to her father, July 6, 1908.

For a taste of the excitement of the day, read the full text of Marian’s letterto her father describing the event at www.fairchildgarden.org.

(T-B)1 A historic picture, snapped by David, as the June Bug sailed over the

potato field.2 Glenn Curtiss at the wheel of the June Bug.3 Bell’s experimental tetrahedral wing pictured at his laboratory in

Baddeck, Nova Scotia.4 Orville Wright, in white cap, inspects the design of the June Bug.

from the archives

100 Years Ago -David and Marianand the FantasticFlying MachineBy Nancy Korber, Librarian/Archivist

Archives/FTBG.

he world was rapidly changing 100 years ago,and David and Marian Fairchild were in themidst of it all. In contrast to his earlier years with

the USDA, Dr. Fairchild was not traveling around theworld collecting plants. Instead, he was at home inWashington, D.C., with his young family (he andMarian already had one child), coping with the rapidlyexpanding responsibilities of the plant introductionsection of the USDA and the plants that were floodingin from all parts of the globe.

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FAIRCHILDNIGHTSevery Thursday

BOTEROCHIHULYLichtenstein

NOW THROUGH MAY 31, 2008AT FAIRCHILD

Experience the monumental sculptures ofworld-renowned Colombian masterFernando Botero, the brilliant art of DaleChihuly and the sculptures of Pop artistRoy Lichtenstein after dark.Fairchild is open every Thursday night for you to stroll andtake in the beauty of Botero’s magnificent pieces, DaleChihuly’s glass, Lichtenstein’s sculptures and the garden’sstunning silhouettes. Beautiful lighting makes Fairchild thebest place for families, mingling or first dates!

The Veranda Restaurant is open and offers delicious dinneroptions, wine and other beverages and a children’s menu.The Garden Café and the Cycad Circle Café are also open.Make it Thursday Nights at Fairchild.

Admission is $20 for Fairchild members, $15 for memberchildren 6-17, $30 for non-members, $20 for non-memberchildren 6-17, and free for children 5 and under.

6:00 – 9:30 p.m.

The Roy Lichtenstein Foundation, James Goodman Gallery, Mr. and Mrs. Ira Harris, JLR Holdings LLC-LarryRutherford, Lin Lougheed, Evelyn Langlieb Greer and Bruce W. Greer, Aaron I. Fleischman, The LathamCharitable Foundation, Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro, Terranova Corporation-Stephen H. Bittel, Micky andMadeleine Arison Family Foundation, Irma and Norman Braman, The Stamps Family Charitable Foundation,Mr. and Mrs. Allan Herbert, Angela W. Whitman, Dr. and Mrs. Phillip T. George, The Israel, Rose, Henry andRobert Wiener Charitable Foundation, Carlos and Rosa de la Cruz Collections, Eveyln and Leonard Lauder,Ann Ziff, Martin Z. Margulies, Withers Worldwide-Chip Withers, Tropical Trailer Leasing-Al Vara, BilzinSumberg, Merrill Lynch, Myrna and Sheldon Palley, Assurant, County Commissioner Sally A. Heyman,Katzman Family Foundation, Mr. and Mrs. Louis J. Risi, Jr., Shelley Gorson & Alan Salpeter Family Fund, theCity of Coral Gables, the Miami-Dade County Department of Cultural Affairs, the Cultural Affairs Council,the Mayor, and the Miami-Dade County Board of County Commissioners.

(T-B) Fernando Botero, Head, 1999, Gary Nader Collection. Photo by César A. Zuluaga; Roy Lichtenstein, House II 1997, © Estate of Roy Lichtenstein. Photo by Benjamin F. Thacker; DaleChihuly, Cobalt Herons, 2005. Photo by Lorena Alban/FTBG.

F A I R C H I L D T R O P I C A L B O T A N I C G A R D E N

Non-ProfitOrganizationU. S. Postage

PAIDMiami, FloridaPermit No. 155

Saturday & SundayApril 5 – 6, 2008

9:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.

Come to Fairchild to enjoy the best palm and cycad collection,plant sale, lectures, demonstrations, tours and information from

the world’s experts.

Fairchild’s Palm and Cycad Collections are designated as NationalPalm and Cycad Collections by the American Public

Gardens Association.

For more information, please call Ann Schmidt at305.667.1651, ext. 3344.

Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden in cooperation withthe South Florida Palm Society present

BOTERO - Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Winter... · Fernando Botero, Dancing Couple Relief....

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