Botany. Botany – study of plants Characteristics Multicellular eukaryotes.
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Transcript of Botany. Botany – study of plants Characteristics Multicellular eukaryotes.
Botany
Botany – study of plants
Characteristics
• Multicellular eukaryotes
Characteristics
• chlorophyll – green pigment that captures energy from sunlight
But not everything that is green is a plant…
Characteristics
• Perform photosynthesis (autotrophs)
Other organisms that photosynthesize
Euglena
bacteria
Characteristics
• cuticles – waxy layer that coats surfaces of plants – keep from drying out
Cuticle
Anything else have cuticles?
Characteristics
• cell walls – supports and protects the plant cells
Characteristics
• Multicellular Eukaryotes
• Chlorophyll
• Perform photosynthesis
• Cuticles
• Cell walls
Classifying Plants
Nonvascular plants
• Lack tubes to carry water and nutrients throughout plant
Use osmosis because most plants are only a couple cells thick
Nonvascular plants
• Reproduce with spores
Examples
• mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Size
• Small and short, stems can’t support weight and have no way to transport water up
Rhizoids
• Hair like structures to anchor the plant
Diecious
• Mosses have sexes in two separate plants, require water for fertilization
Sphagnum (peat moss)
• Burned as fuel, super absorbent and holds moisture
Seedless Vascular Plants
Seedless Vascular plants
• Have tubes but still reproduce with spores
Examples
• ferns, horsetails, club mosses
Size
• Larger in size, vascular tissue strengthens stem and carry water upward
Frond
• Fern leaf that unrolls as it grows
Rhizomes
• Underground horizontal root
Monoecious
• Contain both sexes on one plant, require water for fertilization
Seed Plants
Seed Plants
• Have vascular tissue and seeds instead of spores
Seeds
• Have a protective seed coat and stored food
Pollen
• Male gamete, allowed the transfer to another plant without water
Classifying Plants
Gymnosperms-
• “naked seeds”, seeds are not enclosed in a fruit
conifers cycads ginkgoes
Gymnosperms
• seeds usually develop in cones
Different Cones
Gymnosperms
• Mostly wind pollination
Conifers – “cone bearing”
• Examples – pines, spruces, firs, cedars, redwoods
Records – among all living things
• Tallest – redwood trees (367.5 feet)
Records
• Oldest – bristle cone pine (over 5000 years)
Cycads – Jurassic plants that resemble palms
Ginkgo trees – living fossils, may be linked to fruiting plants
Angiosperms
Angiosperms
• “covered seeds” – have flowers and fruit
Angiosperms
• Most abundant plants
ADVANTAGES
Flowers
• More efficient pollination – wind, water, insects, or other animals
Fruit
• Scatter seeds better
Two major groups:
Monocots
Dicots
Monocots - most of our food supply
• Examples: grasses, wheat, corn, rice
Dicots
• Most flowering plants
• Examples: maples, oaks, magnolias
Seed Leaves
Monocots Dicots
Leaf Veins
Monocots• usually parallel
Dicots• Usually
branched
Stems
Monocots• Scattered
bundles
Dicots• Bundles in rings
Flowers
Monocots• Parts in
multiples of 3
Dicots• Parts in
multiples of 4 or 5
Roots
Monocots• Fibrous roots
Dicots• Taproot
Monocot or Dicot?
Monocot or Dicot?
Monocot or Dicot?
Monocot or Dicot?
Monocot or Dicot?
Monocot or Dicot?