Bosnia Humanitarian Intervention Presented By: Doyle Thibert, Sharon Aiger and Mary Winter.
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Transcript of Bosnia Humanitarian Intervention Presented By: Doyle Thibert, Sharon Aiger and Mary Winter.
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Bosnia Humanitarian Intervention
Presented By: Doyle Thibert, Sharon Aiger and Mary Winter
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Humanitarian Intervention Defined
The threat of use of force across state borders by a state (or group of states) to prevent or end widespread and grave violations of the fundamental human rights of individuals other than its own citizens, without the permission of the state within whose territory force is applied.
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Humanitarian Intervention
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Bosnia
Capital:Sarajevo Area:51,129 sq km / 19,745 sq ml Language:Croatian, Serbian, BosnianCurrency:DinarPopulation:3,989,018Life expectancy:69 (men), 75 (women)Literacy rate:86%Religions:Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, and Protestant 4%Physical features:Mountainous, part of Dinaric Alps, limestone gorges, 20km / 12ml of coastline with no harborEthnic distribution:48% ethnic Muslim, 37% Serb, 14% Croat, 6% Yugoslav Exports:Steel, coal, iron ore, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products
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Key Players In The Conflict
Serbs:
Croats
Muslims
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The Conflict Issues
Yugoslavia broke up because of various ethnic groups seeking independence
Religion played big part in the break up
Bosnia was multi-ethnic populated
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The Conflict Issues
Different ethnic groups side by side
Croats – Catholic
Serbs – Orthodox
Muslims
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The Conflict Issues
In 1992 Bosnia passed a referendum for independence
Eastern Orthodox Serbs did not want to live in a republic where people of different faiths and ethnic groups lived together
Serbs in Bosnia rebelled
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Conflict IssuesBosnian Muslims were outgunned
There were mass shootings, forced repopulation of entire towns
Men and boys were confined to concentration camps
Women and girls were raped
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Intervention DecisionsDespite media reports of secret camps, mass killings & destruction the world remained indifferent
The U.S. imposed economic sanctions on Serbia
Deployed troops to protect food and medicine distribution
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Intervention DecisionsUN strictly prohibited its troops from interfering militarily against the Serbs
Throughout 1993 the Serbs continued to commit genocide against Muslims
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Intervention DecisionsBush administration did not want to become militarily involved because we had just fought the Gulf War
Bush thought the conflict should be resolved by powers in Europe
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Intervention DecisionsFrom lessons learned in Vietnam Bush did not want to risk sending US forces in and then get bogged down and uncommitted to victory
Bush had made his decision based on proportionality cost of the Vietnam War
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Historical Background - 1945
After World War II, Yugoslavia, previously a monarchy becomes a communist republic under Prime Minister Tito
It was composed of six republics: Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Slovenia, Montenegro,
And Two provinces: Kosovo and Vojvodina
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Historical Background - 1945
Seven neighboring countries, and problems with all of themSix republics with problems between them Ethnic groups are predominately:
Bosnians - MuslimSerbs - Orthodox ChristiansCroats – Catholic Christians
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Historical Background - 1980
Prime Minister Tito’s rein in Yugoslavia keeps ethnic tensions in check until his death Without his influence, ethnic and nationalist differences begin to flare
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Historical Background - 1991
Slovenia and Croatia each declare independence Slovenia is able to break away with only a brief period of fightingBecause 12% of Croatia's population is Serbian, however, Yugoslavia fights hard against its secession for the next four yearsAs Croatia moves towards independence, it evicts most of its Serbian population
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Historical Background - 1992
Bosnia & Bosnia & Herzegovina declares independenceSerbia & Montenegro form Federal Republic of Yugoslavia led by Slobodan MilosevicNew government is not recognized by the United States
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Historical Background - 1992
Ethnic tensions strain to the breaking point & Bosnia erupts into warBosnian Serb nationalists begin ethnic cleansing to create a "racially pure" Serb republicThousands die and millions are displaced
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Historical Background - 1995Peace is achieved momentarilyBosnia, Serbia, and Croatia sign the Dayton Peace Accord to end the war in BosniaThe country is partitioned into three areasEach enclave is now made up of roughly 90% of its own ethnic group
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Intervention - 1992
NATO issues statement urging allowance of United Nations PeacekeepersPrimarily symbolic, this statement paved the way for later NATO actionsNATO assists United Nations in monitoring compliance
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Intervention - 1995
On August 30, 1995, NATO officially launched Operation Deliberate Force with large-scale bombing of Serb targets. The bombing lasted until September 20, 1995 and involved attacks on 338 individual targets
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Intervention - 1995Bosnia, Serbia, and Croatia sign the Dayton Peace Accord to end the war in BosniaNATO agreed to provide 60,000 peacekeepers for the regionStabilization Force peacekeepers remained in Bosnia until 2004
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Romeo & Juliet in Sarajevo -
At the funeral service, Zijah Ismic gave a sermon for his daughter and her lover. "Their death was a message," he said.
"Their death was a message that hatred destroys all who know it. War does not involve survivors and victims, winners and losers. It involves only victims."