Bosch Visions Hell Heaven
Transcript of Bosch Visions Hell Heaven
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VisionsofHELLandHEAVEN
byHieronymusBosch
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Hieronymus (Jerome)Bosch
(1450 1516)
Born
and
lived
in
sHertogenbosch(southernBelgium=Flanders)
Fromafamilyofpainters
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LittleisknownaboutBosch. We
haveabout25worksbyhim,somesigned,nonedated.
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The1450s aninterestingdecade.
1452 firstdatablebookprinted.
Leonardoborn.1453 Copernicus DeRevolutionibus.
ConstantinoplefallstotheOttomans.
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THENORTHERNRENAISSANCE
Politicalinstability*NetherlandsruledbyDukesof
Burgundy.
*1477 MaryofBurgundymarriesMaximilianofGermany aHapsburg.
*HapsburgsruleIberiaandmostofEuropenorthoftheAlps.
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Religiousunrest criticismofthe
ChurchleadingtoLuthers95
theses(1517)theReformation
andreligiouswars.
Economicprosperity.
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Religiousviews coloredthe
experienceoflife. Alchemy and
Astrology wereapartofscience
ingeneralandmedicinein
particularandhadreligious
goals.
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Boschsconcerns werewith
human nature particularlyhow
itsfunctioningwasimpededby
thestainoforiginal sin.
Thestruggleoftheweakself
againsttheworldly
temptations.
Amoralisticviewoflife.
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ErasmusofRotterdam,in1509,wrote
ThePraiseofFolly,asarcasticanalysisof
sinsandfollies,basedonthepremise
thatthenaturalstateofmankindis
STUPIDITY.
BoschagreesandpaintsTHESHIPOFFOOLS.
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Boschalsoprobablyinfluenced
byThomasa Kempis,amonk
wholivednearUtrechtandwho
wrote(1420s)theImitationof
Christ
Howtoprogressfromworldly
attachments
to
moral
perfection
andunionwithGod.
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The
Garden
of
Earthly
Delights
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Themeanings ofTheGarden
centralpanel
AdmonitionofchildrenofAdam&Eve.
The consequences of heresy.
An allegory of alchemy.
A feminist orientation.
The delights of unbridled sexuality.Etc.
Etc.
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Sociologically sincetheMiddle
Ages,
great
fear
about
sin,
impurity,heresy,etc.leadingto
damnation
in
hell,
occurring
at
ChristsSecondComing:
THELASTJUDGMENT
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By1200,theWest(main)
entranceofalmostallchurches
hadagraphicportrayaloftheLJ.
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TheSaved
in
Paradise
Christin majesty
Judging
The Damned
inHell
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Conques
On Christs right: The assembled saints standbefore Christ, full of joy.
On Christs left: The wicked suffer the
torments of the damned, roasting in the midstof flames and demons, perpetually groaningand trembling
At the bottom: O sinners, if you do not mendyour ways, know that you will suffer adreadful fate.
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WheredidBoschgethisvisual
images?
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Earlierpictures?,e.g.DirkBouts
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Literarysources?
THEVISIONLITERATURE
i.e.imaginary(visionary)visitstothenextworld.
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Visions: Gilgamesh c.2000B.C.E.Aenead c.15B.C.E.
Apocalypses Peter(IIcentury)
Paul(IIIcentury)HildegardofBingen
Dante
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AndIsawahorrendousplace,fullof
fierythornsandspikesandhorrible
worms,throughwhichwickedspirits
harriedwithfierywhipsthesoulsof
thosewho,whiletheywereintheir
bodiesintheworldstoodforallkindsof
Injustice.
Hildegarde ofBingen (10981179)
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TheVisionofTondal 1149
AnIrishKnighthasaseizure.His
soulisguidedbyanangel,to
Hell,Purgatory,Heaven.
Helearnsthedangersofsin,and
therewardsofpenitence.
i.e.amorality scenario.
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VisionofTundaleAfter they had labored much and completed the shadowy
journey,Tundale sawan incredibly largeandhorriblebeastnot far from
them. In itsenormousmagnitudethisbeastexceededallthemountains
hehadeverseen. Hiseyesseemedlikeburninghills. Hismouthwasopen
and so wide that it seemed to him that it could contain nine thousand
men. Moreover, in his mouth he had two very unusual parasites with
turned
heads.
One
of
them
had
his
head
against
the
upper
teeth
of
this
beastandhisfeetdowntothe lowerteeth;theother,justtheopposite,
hadhisheaddownandhisfeetupwardstotheupperteeth
Inextinguishable flames also belched forth from his mouth, and
into this flame condemned souls were compelled to enter. An
incomparablestinkalsocamefromhismouth. Itwasnowonderthatboth
the crying and howling of the multitude in his stomach were heard
throughhismouthsincethereweremanythousandsofmenandwomen
atoningindiretormentinside.
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TheonlyillustratedTondal.
CommissionedbyMargaretofYork.
(DuchessofBurgundy,sisterof
RichardIII)abibliophile.IllustratedbySimonMarmion,1474,
inGhent.
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WhereisBoschsVisionof
Tondal?
Lost?
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TheSchoolofBosch
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BoschslegacyWellknownifnotfamousinhistime.
Paintingscollectedbynobilityand
royalty.
Reputationspreadbyengravings.
Manyimitators SchoolofBosch.
PieterBruegel theElder(152569)
washisgreatestimitator.
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Summary
HieronymusBoschwasuniquely
gifted,inventinghisown
surrealisticstyle.
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Boschhadamoralizingoutlook
onlife,moreMedievalthan
Renaissance.Heusedsatire,sarcasm,allegory,
parody,etc.toanalyzepeoples
motivationsandactionsduringa
turbulenttimeontheveryeveof
THEREFORMATION.