Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Transcript of Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Idyf wd ib Hybb%2=
Gy& Gnwwn
; Gbobeiby 9==3
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 9
NI_WYNOW
Nycswdwjbs }acjdsd}a df ocwc|bfsac} onf ib gbhcfbg ns nowcxb }nywcoc}nwcdf cf }djcwconj jchb0 wd
}nywcoc}nwb cf yrjcfk nfg ib yrjbg cf wryf& Nhwby n ybxcb{ dh nfocbfw nfg edgbyf }djcwconj wabdycbs
dh ocwc|bfsac}* wacs }n}by bqnecfbs ocwc|bfsac} cf odfwbe}dyny Nebycon& Cw cgbfwchcbs obywncf
}ydijbes {cwacf Nebyconf sdocbw cf ybknygs wd ocwc|bfs nfg wab fbbg hdy ocwc|bfs wd ib bfknkbg
nfg }nywcoc}nwb cf kdxbyfebfw& Ocwc|bfsac} sadrjg ib odfscgbybg ns n }ycxcjbkb wanw {nyynfws
sroa yckaws ns xdwcfk* lry grw* nfg yrffcfk hdy dhhcob& Wacs }n}by }yd}dsbs wanw hybbgde nfg
ocwc|bfsac} cf wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs sadrjg ib jbnyfbg nfg bnyfbg* nfg fdw kynfwbg i fnwrynj%icywa
yckaw dy swnwrs& Hdorscfk df wab yb~rcybebfws hdy ibodecfk n fnwrynjc|bg ocwc|bf cf wab Rfcwbg
_wnwbs* wab }n}by hcfgs wanw ns n }nyw dh wabcy fnwrynjc|nwcdf }ydobss* ceeckynfws ersw wn`b wab
R&_&O&C&_& !Rfcwbg _wnwbs Ocwc|bfsac} ( Ceeckynwcdf _byxcobs# Fnwrynjc|nwcdf bqne* {acoa
cfojrgbs Bfkjcsa nfg Ocxcos }dywcdfs& Wabyb cs rfb~rnj wybnwebfw dh fnwrynj%idyf ocwc|bfs nfg
fnwrynjc|bg ocwc|bfs {abf wadsb {ad ibodeb fnwrynjc|bg }nywcoc}nwb cf nfg nyb yb~rcybg wd
rfgbyswnfg wab R&_& kdxbyfebfw edyb wanf wadsb {ad kncfbg wabcy ocwc|bfsac} waydrka icywa& Wab
}n}by bq}jdybs wacs cssrb i jdd`cfk nw wab {ns cf {acoa wab }ybecsbs dh ocwc|bfsac} onf ib
swybfkwabfbg waydrka nowcxb }nywcoc}nwcdf cf wab gbedoynwco }ydobss&
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy ?
Cfwydgrowcdf
Nycswdwjb {ns n }acjdsd}aby* jdkcocnf* nfg socbfwcsw idyf cf fdywabyf Kybbob* ?17 I&O&
Nycswdwjb swrgcbg hyde ]jnwds Nongbe cf Nwabfs& Idwa Nycswdwjb nfg ]jnwd nyb ybknygbg ns dfb
dh wab edsw cfhjrbfwcnj nfocbfw wacf`bys cfojrgcfk cf }acjdsd}aconj wadrkaw* s}bochconjj cf
}djcwconj wabdy& Nhwby ]jnwds gbnwa* Nycswdwjb {ns sreedfbg wd wrwdy Njbqnfgby wab Kybnw* wab
sdf dh @cfk ]acjc} CC dh Enobgdf& Dfob Njbqnfgby jnrfoabg acs cfxnscdf dh wab ]byscnf Be}cyb*
Nycswdwjb ybwryfbg wd Nwabfs nfg ibknf wd {ycwb sdeb dh acs enldy wybnwcsbs cfojrgcfk Wab
]djcwcos& Wab ]djcwcos cs cfwbfgbg wd krcgb yrjbys nfg swnwbsebf ybhjbowcfk df wab }djcwconj ocyojbs
Nycswdwjb acesbjh ans edxbg& Nycswdwjb cs wab hdybhnwaby dh edgbyf }djcwconj socbfob&
Ch Nycswdwjb {ns cf wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs grycfk wab edgbyf byn* ab {drjg fdw nkybb wd wab
Nebyconf gbhcfcwcdf dh {anw n ocwc|bf cs nfg wab now dh ocwc|bfsac}& Wdgns edgbj dh ocwc|bfsac}
{drjg gcskynob Nycswdwjb& Wab ]djcwcos gbedfswynwbs wacs xcb{ {abf Nycswdwjb gcsorssbs wab
gbhcfcwcdf dh n ocwc|bf< Hyde wabsb odfscgbynwcdfs cw ans ibodeb ojbny {ad n ocwc|bf cs< ns sddf
ns n enf ibodebs bfwcwjbg wd }nywcoc}nwb cf dhhcob* gbjcibynwcxb dy lrgcocnj* {b gbbe ace wd ib n
ocwc|bf dh wanw swnwb> Cf sbfsb* ocwc|bfsac} cs yrjcfk nfg ibcfk yrjbg cf wryf& Wacs cfojrgbs wab
nowcxb }nywcoc}nwcdf cf njj ns}bows dh }djcwconj jchb* hdy bqne}jb* xdwcfk* ocxco bfknkbebfw nfg
grw* nfg wab `fd{jbgkb dh kdxbyfebfw dy dh wab ocwc|bfs ydjb cf sdocbw&
Ocwc|bfsac} cs njsd fdw idrfg wd {abwaby dy fdw nf cfgcxcgrnj cs fnwrynjj idyf {cwacf wab
swnwb wd ib odfscgbybg n ocwc|bf {cwa yckaws& Wd Nycswdwjb* njj jbkcwcenwb ocwc|bfs anxb wab
ybs}dfscicjcw nfg wab dijcknwcdf wd hrjj }nywcoc}nwb cf }djcwcos nfg wanw }ybsbfws wab nykrebfw wanw
R&_& ocwc|bfs nyb fdw gbbebg ocwc|bfs cf Nycswdwjbs }acjdsd}a grb wd wab cfon}nicjcw wd hrjhcjj
wabsb yb~rcybebfws& Wars }ybsbfws wab rfgbyjcfk ~rbswcdf dh ad{ gdbs Rfcwbg _wnwbs ocwc|bfsac}
ode}jcbs {cwa Nycswdwbjcnf wadrkaw&
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 7
Jcwbynwryb Ybxcb{
Lcjj Hynf` gcsorssbs wab ydjb dh ocwc|bfs cf ybknygs wd Nycswdwjb cf Ocwc|bfs* _jnxbs* nfg
Hdybckfbys< Nycswdwjb df Arenf Fnwryb !Hbiyrny 9==7#& Hynf` ackajckaws n sbowcdf cf aby }cbob
df wab cgbfwcw dh ocwc|bfs& _ab srkkbsws wanw Nycswdwjb gbsoycibs wab cgbfwcw dy fnwryb dh n
ocwc|bf< {ad ebycws wab }djcwconj kddg nfg gbsbyxbs wd ib odfscgbybg n ocwc|bf dh n swnwb&
Nycswdwjb bq}jncfs wanw }jnob dy jdonwcdf* wab on}nocw wd srb nfg ib srbg* fdw i icywa* nfobswy* dy
ijddg ~rnjchcbs nf cfgcxcgrnj ns n ocwc|bf& Wacs gdbs fdw {nyynfw fdy gbedfswynwb ebycw cf acs
xcb{& Ocwc|bfs nyb engb i rjwcenwbj sanycfk cf n odfswcwrwcdf i odjjbowcxb nowcxcw&9
Ocwc|bfsac} cs n odjjbowcxb nowcxcw wanw ans ibbf }ydgrobg i sdocnj nfg }djcwconj cfswcwrwcdfs wanw
odfwycirwb wd wab oybnwcdf dh ocwc|bfs cf wab hcysw }jnob&
Wab fnwryb dh ocwc|bfsac} cs hdyecfk n ybjnwcdfsac} ibw{bbf wab ocwc|bf nfg wab swnwb& Ns
Abnwaby Jnyg cf Ocwc|bfsac} nfg wab Yckaw wd Xdwb !_}ycfk >33;# gcs}jns* wacs ybjnwcdfsac} en
ib hrjhcjjbg i }ydxcgcfk ocwc|bfs yckaws nfg grwcbs&? Jnyg odeebfws df Nycswdwjbs
cfwby}ybwnwcdf df ocwc|bfsac} nfg gbwbyecfbg wanw waydrka }djcwconj }nywcoc}nwcdf* wab ocwc|bf cs
nijb wd kncf ~rnjcwcbs nfg s`cjjs {acoa en anxb dwaby{csb kdfb rffdwcobg& [cwa wanw wab ocwc|bfs
sadrjg rsb wabsb s`cjjs cf }rysrcw dh n odjjbowcxb kdnj dy odeedf kddg hdy wab odeerfcw cf
{acoa njj ebeibys anxb gbsckfnwbg odeecwebfw wd&7
Cf n swnwb {abyb wab {dyjg cs cfoybnscfk
cfwbyfnwcdfnj eckynwcdf* wab bqojrscdf hyde wab bjbowdynwb dh n freiby dh ybscgbfw njcbfs cs n
odfobyf wd enf& Jnyg odfojrgbs wanw wab gbfcnj dh xdwcfk yckaws wd cfgcxcgrnjs {ad jno` jbknj
swnwrs ns n ocwc|bf {cwa wab xnjrb dh }djcwconj }nywcoc}nwcdf gdbs fdw nkybb {cwa jcibynj dy
odeerfcwnycnf wabdy& Gbs}cwb Nycswdwjbs nykrebfw cf wab ocw%swnwb df cfanicwnfws sroa ns
ybscgbfw njcbfs nfg sjnxbs* cw cs ~rbswcdfnijb df ch Nebyconfs {ad gd fdw nowcxbj }nywcoc}nwb onf
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 2
ib odfscgbybg ocwc|bfs ibonrsb wab gd fdw b~rnjj wn`b }nyw cf odfswcwrwcdfnj }ydobssbs&
Cfgcxcgrnjs {ad gd fdw anxb wab d}}dywrfcw wd dy {ad bnyfs wabcy ocwc|bfsac} waydrka
fnwrynjc|nwcdf sadrjg ib kynfwbg wanw nicjcw ibonrsb wab anxb nowcxbj cfxdjxbg wabesbjxbs cfwd
wab sswbe&
[cjsdf Onyb Eo[cjjcnes nywcojb Lrswcob< Nfocbfw nfg Edgbyf !>31=# rsbs wab ojnssconj
}acjdsd}a dh Nycswdwjb cf ode}nycsdf wd wab edgbyf byn& Ab rsbs wab swnwbebfw wanw sdocbw
gdbsfw d{b dr n jcxcfk wd nykrb wanw cf ojnssconj wabdy* }djcwconj sdocbw d{bs n kybnw gbnj&
Wacs cfojrgbs wab kcxbf yckaw wd ib n ocwc|bf nfg wab d}}dywrfcw wd }nywcoc}nwb cf }djcwconj jchb&2
Ocwc|bfsac} cs yrjcfk nfg ibcfk yrjbg cf wryf& Eo[cjjcnes ackajckaws wab hnow wanw wab enldycw dh
wab wceb {b nyb ibcfk yrjbg0 irw {abf {b xdwb* {b nyb yrjbys hdy n iycbh edebfw nw n kcxbf gn&
Wab nrwady njsd ebfwcdfs wanw {b {nfw wd ib yrjbg hdy n gbobfw }dywcdf dh wceb& Fd dfb {nfws wd
en`b wab gbocscdfs wanw wab ]ybscgbfw ans wd en`b df nf bxbygn inscs wars wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs
oybnwbs nf dhhcob gbsckfnwbg hdy wanw }ry}dsb wd ybjcbxb wab swybss nfg wab ybs}dfscicjcw dh en`cfk
wadsb gbocscdfs&
Jcfgn @byiby }ybsbfws wab wbye ocwc|bfsac} cf n erjwcjnwbynj gcsorsscdf cf aby nywcojb Wab
Ebnfcfks dh Ocwc|bfsac} !Gbobeiby >33;#& Cf aby nywcojb* @byiby gcsorssbs ocwc|bf cf wbyes dh
Nycswdwjb nfg cf edgbyf Nebyconf odfwbqw& Hyde wab ibkcffcfk dh Nebyconf acswdy* wadsb {ad
{byb odfscgbybg ocwc|bfs odfscswbg dh nf hybb }bysdf {ad ang fdw scgbg {cwa wab Iycwcsa nfg
odfscgbybg wabesbjxbs ns n ]nwycdw& Wacs gcsodffbowbg }djcwconj nfg ybjckcdrs }nywcoc}nwcdf nfg
wab Nebyconfs wabf bxbfwrnjj iboneb ocwc|bfs i ibcfk idyf df R&_& sdcj i ojncecfk lrs sdjc*
wab odeedf%jn{ yckaw dh wab jnfg&8
Wadsb dwabys {ad {byb idyf bjsb{abyb cf wab {dyjg wd
}nybfws {ad nyb ocwc|bfs ojncebg wabcy Nebyconf ocwc|bfsac} i gbsobfw0 nfg R&_& ocwc|bfsac} onf
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 8
ib no~rcybg i fnwrynjc|nwcdf& Wadsb ad{bxby {ad anxb no~rcybg ocwc|bfsac} i icywa en ib
bjbowbg wd wab }ybscgbfo& @byiby njsd {ycwbs nidrw ad{ wab gbhcfcwcdf dh ocwc|bf cs scfkjb nfg
bknjcwnycnf {abyb enf Nebyconfs anxb ang gchhbybfw bq}bycbfobs df {anw n ocwc|bf dh wab swnwb
ebnfs {abyb enf dh wadsb Nebyconfs {byb }bysborwbg* nfg fdw odfscgbybg n ocwc|bf grb wabcy
bwafco* ynocnj* nfg ojnss ino`kydrfg&; Wab nrwady njsd ocwbs wab ybjnwcdfsac} wd ibcfk n ocwc|bf
nfg odeerfcw& Ocwc|bf cs fdw n }nsscxb hckryb0 ocwc|bfs ersw hrjj }nywcoc}nwb cf wab }djcwconj
}ydobss wars ibcfk nssdocnwbg cf wab odeerfcw nfg hrywabycfk wanw kydr}& Cf ybjnwcdfsac} wd wab
ybsbnyoa }ybsbfwbg* {abf dfb cs n ocwc|bf dh n swnwb* wanw cfgcxcgrnj ibodebs n ebeiby dh nf
nssdocnwcdf noodygcfk wd Nycswdwjb nfg bnoa ebeiby ans n gchhbybfw hrfowcdf nfg fneb wd hcw*
{acoa }ydxcgbs wab swnicjcw dh wab odeerfcw nfg wab swnwb&
Ecoanbj _nfgjby n swnhh {ycwby hdy O^ [bb`j {ycwbs nidrw gbxbjd}cfk n edyb sdjcg
gbhcfcwcdf dh ocwc|bf cf acs nywcojb* Wd{nyg n Edyb ]byhbow Gbhcfcwcdf dh Ocwc|bf !Hbiyrny
9==8#& Wab ~rbswcdf dh icywayckaw nfg ocwc|bfsac} ans jdfk }jnkrbg wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs kdxbyfebfw
bs}bocnjj {abf anfgjcfk {cwa ceeckynwcdf& Wab Yb}rijconf Yb}ybsbfwnwcxb Fnwanf Gbnj dh
Kbdykcn cs }rsacfk nf bhhdyw cf Odfkybss wd iny wab oacjgybf dh cjjbknj ceeckynfws hyde ybobcxcfk
ocwc|bfsac}& Yb}ybsbfwnwcxb Gbnj odfojrgbs wanw wab {dygs dh wab hdrywbbfwa nebfgebfw anxb
ibbf n enkfbw hdy cjjbknj ceeckynfws {ad bfwby wab odrfwy nfg anxb nfoady inicbs nfg wabf
rsb wanw ns n ojnce wanw gb}dywnwcdf {drjg sb}nynwb wabe hyde wabcy hnecj1& Wab cssrb cf
~rbswcdf cs wab neickrcw }ybsbfwbg i wab >7wa
nebfgebfw gbhcfcfk {ad cs odfscgbybg nf
Nebyconf ocwc|bf& Cf ybjnwcdfsac} wd wab wd}co* ocwc|bfsac} onffdw ib gbsoycibg i fnwrynj
icywayckaw {cwacf wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs& Nycswdwjb nykrbs wanw n ocwc|bf cs nf cfgcxcgrnj {ad cs nowcxbj
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy ;
cfxdjxbg cf wabcy swnwbs }djcwcos& Nebyconfs fbbg wd ibodeb edyb n}w nfg orjwrybg cf wabcy d{f
sdocbw ybknygcfk acswdy* ocxcos* nfg kdxbyfebfw&
Wab sdocdjdkconj n}}ydnoa wanw Enyknybw Y& _debys wn`bs df ocwc|bfsac} cs df wab insb dh
n acswdyconj nfnjscs& Ocwc|bfsac} nfg wab ]jnob dh wab ]rijco _}abyb< Jn{* Odeerfcw* nfg
]djcwconj Orjwryb cf wab Wynfscwcdf wd Gbedoyno !Dowdiby >33?# swybssbs wanw ocwc|bfsac} cs n
sdocnjj beibggbg cfswcwrwcdf wanw kynfws ybjnwcdfsac}s bswnijcsabg hdy }djcwconj* jbknj* nfg
seidjco }yd}dsbs& _debys fdwbs wanw wacs cfswcwrwcdf odfswcwrwbs ebeibysac} nfg rfcxbysnj
yckaws nfg grwcbs cf n fnwcdfnj odeerfcw nfg njsd nykrbs wanw ocwc|bfsac} yckaws nyb dfb
}yds}bowcxb }ydgrow dh fnwcdfnj ebeibysac} yrjbs wanw nyb wynfsecwwbg waydrka fnwcdfnj jn{s nfg
cfswcwrwcdfs sroa ns odeedf jn{ nfg swnwrwdy jn{* odryws* nfg lrgcocnj dhhcobs&3
Ocwc|bfsac}
sadrjg ib fdwbg ns n }ynowcob nfg ns n sdocnjj ybodkfc|bg cfswcwrwcdf wanw kynfws obywncf
ybjnwcdfsac}s wd wab swnwb&
Wab xdwcfk ybodyg dh drfkby xdwbys nfg xdwbys cf kbfbynj nyb gcsn}}dcfwcfk cf Nycswdwjbs
xcb{ ibonrsb fdw bxbydfb {ad ans wab yckaw wd xdwb anxb xdwbg cf xnycdrs bjbowcdfs& Wab
Odfkybsscdfnj Gckbsw jdd`s nw wab gcsorsscdf df xdwcfk nfg ybkcswynwcdf wybfgs cf Xdwcfk nfg
Ybkcswynwcdf Wybfgs< [ad Xdwbs* [ad Gdbsfw nfg [a !Dowdiby 9==7#& Wab nywcojb ackajckaws
xdwcfk nfg ybkcswynwcdf cssrbs grycfk wab 9=== }ybscgbfwcnj bjbowcdf& Cf }nywcorjny wab nywcojb
}dcfws drw wanw drw dh wab >?= ecjjcdf }bd}jb {ad yb}dywbg wanw wab ybkcswbybg wd xdwb* >7 }byobfw
dy >3 ecjjcdf }bd}jb gcg fdw xdwb cf wab bjbowcdf&>=
Edyb gbwncjs dh wab swnwcswcos dh wab yb}dyw {cjj
ib }ydxcgbg nw n jnwby }dywcdf* ad{bxby enf dh wab ybnsdfs {a }bd}jb gcg fdw xdwb cs ibonrsb
wab {byb wdd irs dy ang odfhjcowcfk {dy` nfg$dy soaddj {bb`s0 wab {byb cjj* gcsnijbg* dy ang n
hnecj bebykbfo0 dy wab hbjw wanw wabcy xdwb {drjg fdw en`b n gchhbybfob dy {byb fdw cfwbybswbg&
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 1
Wabyb nyb sbxbynj {ns wd nxdcg wab ybnsdfs irw cfgcxcgrnjs swcjj odfwcfrb fdw wd bqbyocsb wabcy
yckaw nfg wabcy ybs}dfscicjcw wd xdwb&
Wabsb nrwadys anxb {ycwwbf nidrw sbxbynj ns}bows dh wacs ybsbnyoa nfg cw odfwcfrbs wd iycfk
jckaw wab cssrb dh ad{ Nebyconf%idyf ocwc|bfs ojnce wabcy anfgs wd obywncf yckaws {abf enf
{drjg fdw ib odfscgbybg n ocwc|bf cf wbyes dh Nycswdwbjcnf wadrkaw& Cw cs n }ydijbe wanw enf
Nebyconfs gd fdw nowcxbj }nywcoc}nwb cf }djcwconj jchb nfg nyb fdw }djcwconjj bfknkbg ocwc|bfs&
Ocwc|bf fbbgs wd ib ybgbhcfbg nfg cfojrgb ns}bows dh }djcwconj kddg nfg nowcxb bfknkbebfw
ibonrsb wab {dy`cfk gbhcfcwcdf cs ojbnyj ybobcxcfk }ydijbes grb wd jcecwbg }nywcoc}nwcdf i
Nebyconf ocwc|bfs nfg wab ceeckynwcdf dh cjjbknj njcbfs nfg cjjbknj ybscgbfws& Wab ybencfcfk
}dywcdfs dh wab ybsbnyoa {cjj rjwcenwbj gcs}jn wab oy hdy wab ybgbhcfcfk dh {anw n ocwc|bf sadrjg
ib nfg sadrjg fdw ib&
Ebwadgdjdk
Wab ybsbnyoa rsbg hdy wacs }n}by cs n ode}cjnwcdf dh nongbeco nywcojbs nfg ldryfnjs nfg
idd`s wanw anxb gcsorssbg ns}bows dh wacs ybsbnyoa& ]dywcdfs dh wab }n}by nyb obfwbybg df ybsbnyoa
insbg df Nycswdwbjcnf wadrkaw nfg wab odfob}w dh ocwc|bfsac}* Nebyconf ocwc|bfsac}* nfg ocxco
bfknkbebfw nfg }nywcoc}nwcdf& Wabyb cs ybsbnyoa wanw gcsorssbs wab fnwrynjc|nwcdf }ydobss {cwacf
wab R&_& nfg wbswcfk& Nywcojbs nyb rsbg wd bfanfob wab rfgbyswnfgcfk dh odfob}ws insbg r}df
Nebyconf acswdy* ocxcos* nfg kdxbyfebfw cf ybjnwcdfsac} wd fnwrynj%idyf ocwc|bfs& Nggcwcdfnjj*
swnwcswcos nyb rsbg {cwa Edfedrwa Rfcxbyscw swrgbfws ybknygcfk n sbowcdf dh wab fnwrynjc|nwcdf
bqne wanw ceeckynfws wn`b wd ibodeb ocwc|bfs dh wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs&
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 3
Jndrw dh wab Ybsbnyoa
Wacs }n}by nggybssbs cssrbs dh odfobyf {cwacf Rfcwbg _wnwbs }djcwcos nfg wab jcxbs dh njj
Nebyconfs& Wab erjwcjnwbynj gbhcfcwcdf dh ocwc|bf cs nggybssbg noodygcfk wd Nycswdwjbs ]djcwcos
nfg ad{ wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs gbhcfbs {anw cs odfscgbybg n jbknj ocwc|bf& Jnswj* wab ybsbnyoa
}ydxcgbs nf nfnjscs df Nebyconfs ocxco ybs}dfscicjcwcbs nfg }nywcoc}nwcdf& Wab ybsbnyoa
gcs}jns wab ybjnwcdfsac} dh ibcfk n ocwc|bf cf n kcxbf swnwb {nyynfws wab sckfchconfob dh ibcfk cf
n odeerfcw& Wacs bfodrynkbs wab ocwc|bf wd ib nowcxbj cfxdjxbg cf acs$aby d{f odeerfcw nfg
ibcfk bfknkbg cf njj ns}bows dh kdxbyfcfk& Wab ybsbnyoa njsd gcsorssbs wab odfwydxbys dh
ocwc|bfsac} swnwrsbs ibw{bbf ceeckynwcdf nfg fnwrynj icywa&
Nfnjscs
Ocwc|bfsac} cf Wbyes dh Nycswdwbjcnf Wadrkaw
Nycswdwjb gbhcfbs ocwc|bfs ns }bd}jb {ad nyb b~rnj cf wab sbfsb wanw wab sanyb dhhcobs nfg
{ad yrjb nfg nyb yrjbg cf wryf& Objbiynwcfk }djcwconj sdocbwcbs oanynowbyc|bg i ocwc|bfsac} cf wacs
sbfsb* Nycswdwjb ans gcsybknygbg nf cgbn wanw ]jnwd ans wnrkaw ace {cwa wab }ycxnwb ybnje&
Nycswdwjb }jns dhh dh ]jnwdfco wacf`cfk nfg rfgbyswddg wanw fdw bxbydfb cf n swnwb onf ib b~rnj&
Cf ]jnwds Wab Yb}rijco* ab wnj`s nidrw hdyecfk sb}nynwb sdocbwcbs hdy ebf nfg {debf {abf
Nycswdwjb odeebfws df wanw cgbnjcsw gybne* ab srkkbsws wanw cw cs wab {ydfk n}}ydnoa dy swynwbk&
]jnwd njsd sbbs {debf nfg sjnxbs ns ocwc|bfs dh wab swnwb wanw sadrjg ib kynfwbg edyb hybbgde
nfg yckaws wanf wab nowrnjj anxb& Df wab dwaby anfg* Nycswdwjb ibjcbxbs ackaj wanw {debf nfg
sjnxbs nyb fdw odfscgbybg ocwc|bfs dh wab swnwb nfg wanw wab nyb srcwbg hdy wabcy oryybfw }dscwcdf&
Wab }dcfw dh wab enwwby cs wanw Nycswdwjb rsbs ]jnwd wd iynfoa n{n hyde acs cgbns nfg hdyes fb{
wabdycbs df wab odeicfnwcdf dh cgbnjcse nfg }ynkenwcse& Cfgcxcgrnjs {ad nyb sbb`cfk ybscgbfob
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy >=
cf wab R&_& sroa ns ceeckynfws anxb ibodeb edyb dh n ocwc|bf dh wab odrfwy wanf oryybfw
fnwrynj%idyf ocwc|bfs ibonrsb wab nyb }nywcoc}nwcfk cf Nebyconf }djcwconj }ydobssbs i
sroobsshrjj ode}jbwcfk wab fnwrynjc|nwcdf }ydobss&
[debf nfg sjnxbs grycfk Nycswdwjbs jchbwceb {byb fdw xcb{bg cf wab ackabsw ybknyg&
Nycswdwjb xcb{bg wanw ebf {byb sr}bycdy nfg wanw {debf nfg sjnxbs {byb rfhcw wd yrjb& Wab
nssdocnwcdf kcxbf wd {debf nfg sjnxbs ns rfb~rnj cs ackajckawbg cf Wab ]djcwcos* Irw fdf%
Kybb`s nssckf wd hbenjb nfg sjnxb bqnowj wab sneb swnwrs& Wacs cs ibonrsb wab anxb fdwacfk
{acoa cs i fnwryb hcwwbg wd yrjb0 wabcy nssdocnwcdf odfscsws dh n enjb sjnxb nfg n hbenjb sjnxb&>>
Wd Nycswdwjb sjnxbs nyb fnwrynjj srcwbg wd ib n sjnxb nfg nyb nxncjnijb wd sbyxb wabcy enswbys ns n
wddj& Cf wacs sdocbw* {debf nyb srcwbg dfj wd yncsb wab adrsbadjg nfg }jbnsryb wabcy arsinfg&
Cf wacs ybknyg wd edgbyf sdocbw* wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs ans gbxbjd}bg rfhncy wybnwebfw wd hdybckfbys
hdy {abf wab nwwbe}w wd kncf ocwc|bfsac} cfwd wab swnwb& Wabyb cs gcsoycecfnwcdf ibw{bbf fnwrynj%
idyf ocwc|bfs nfg ocwc|bfs {ade no~rcyb wabcy swnwrs waydrka fnwrynjc|nwcdf&
Wanw jbnxbs wab ~rbswcdf dh {anw n ocwc|bf cs cf noodygnfob wd wab }acjdsd}a dh Nycswdwjb
nfg acs wbnoacfks& Cw ans fdw ibbf gbwbyecfbg ns wd {anw odfswcwrwbs n ocwc|bf cs cf n kcxbf swnwb
irw fbbgjbss wd sn wanw dfb {ad cs n ocwc|bf cf n gbedoyno cs fdw odfscgbybg n ocwc|bf cf
djcknyoa&>9
Ybscgbfob cf n swnwb gdbs fdw gbwbyecfb dy gbocgb ch nf cfgcxcgrnj cs n ocwc|bf dh wanw
fnwcdf& Hdybckfbys {ad ybscgb cf n swnwb nfg nyb fdw gbbebg ocwc|bf nfg sjnxbs nyb fdw
odfscgbybg ocwc|bfs wd Nycswdwjb* ad{bxby wab gd sanyb gdecocjb cf wanw odrfwy& Nycswdwjb
}ydxcgbs n }ynkenwco gbhcfcwcdf dh ocwc|bf cf wbyes dh jcfbnkb& Hdy bqne}jb* Nycswdwjb
ackajckaws>
bxbf edyb kbfbynwcdfs& Irw scfob wabsb nyb dfj oyrgb gbhcfcwcdfs* be}jdbg i swnwbs hdy
}ynowconj }ry}dsbs* sdeb }bd}jb }dsb wab }r||jb dh ad{ n kybnw dy kybnw%kybnw%
kynfghnwabys ocwc|bfsac} onf cwsbjh ib gbwbyecfbg&>?
N ocwc|bf dh n swnwb sadrjg fdw ib gbwbyecfbg df wab inscs dh }nybfwnkb nfg ad{ jdfk n s}bochco
kbfbynwcdf dh n hnecj ans ibbf cf wanw swnwb& Ns Nycswdwjb ebfwcdfbg* gbwbyecfcfk wab ocwc|bfsac}
dh n kybnw dy kybnw%kybnw kynfghnwaby }ynowconjj {drjg fdw nsscsw cf san}cfk ch n }bysdf cs n ocwc|bf
dh wab swnwb wars ybcfhdyocfk Nycswdwjbs nykrebfw dh {adjbsdeb }nywcoc}nwcdf cf }djcwconj jchb& Cf
bssbfob nfg ybs}bow wd Nycswdwjb* ocwc|bfsac} jcbs cf nowcxb }nywcoc}nwcdf dh wab cfgcxcgrnj& Wab
ocwc|bf cs fdw lrsw nf cfanicwnfw dh n swnwb* fdy cs ab lrsw n ebeiby dh n }djcwconjj }ycxcjbkbg ojnss*
irw ab cs wab abnyw dh wab swnwbs nicjcw wd noacbxb n acka jbxbj dh an}}cfbss nfg xcywrb ns n
odeerfcw&
Ocwc|bfsac} cs nf bfwcwjbebfw kncfbg waydrka }djcwconj }nywcoc}nwcdf nfg bfknkbebfw*
[anw bhhbowcxbj gcswcfkrcsabs wab ocwc|bf }yd}by hyde njj dwabys cs acs }nywcoc}nwcdf cf kcxcfk
lrgkebfw nfg cf adjgcfk dhhcob&>7
Ad{bxby cf wab R&_&* ocwc|bfsac} cs gbhcfbg ns nf cfgcxcgrnj
{ad cs fnwrynj%idyf& Ceeckynfws {ad odeb cfwd wab odrfwy ersw ib n}w cf wabcy Nebyconf
acswdy* hnows nidrw wab }djcwconj sswbe nfg kdxbyfebfw* nfg ocxcos wd wn`b wab R&_& Ocwc|bfsac}
nfg Ceeckynwcdf _byxcobs !R&_&O&C&_ Fnwrynjc|nwcdf bqne&
Xcywrb cs rsbg cf wbyes dh ocxco hrfowcdf wanf dh oanynowby* ebfwnj* dy s}cycwrnj swnwb cf Wab
]djcwcos& Wab gchhbybfob cf }aynsbs dh +{anw C onf gd+ nfg +{anw C cf{nygj ne+ cs {anw gbocgbs wab
ebnfcfk dh }dssbsscfk xcywrb& Wab xcywrb dh wab ocwc|bf }dssbssbs n ybjnwcdfsac} dy n idfg {cwa
wab odfswcwrwcdf nfg wab swnwb wanw oybnwbs n sdrfg ocwc|bf& Wab odfswcwrwcdf xnjrbs n ybjnwcdfsac}
dy n `cfg dh nssdocnwcdf ibw{bbf wab swnwb nfg cws ocwc|bfs& [abf wab odfswcwrwcdf oanfkbs* wab
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy >9
swnwb ibodebs gchhbybfw cf fnwryb nfg sd gdbs wab xnjrb dh cws ocwc|bfs&>2
Wab ybjnwcdfsac} oybnwbg
i wab swnwb nfg cws ocwc|bfs cs wab nowcxb cfxdjxbebfw cf cws }djcwconj cfswcwrwcdf& Ocxco
cfxdjxbebfw nfg bfknkbebfw gbxbjd}s hyde wacs }acjdsd}a& Nebyconfs anxb jdfk jdsw wacs
wyngcwcdf sbw hdywa i Nycswdwjb&
Dfb ersw jbnyf ad{ wd ib yrjbg hcysw0 cw cs n kcxbf yckaw nfg nf nyw wanw sanjj ib jbnyfbg cs
{anw Nycswdwjb nykrbs& Ibcfk sd* Eo[cjjcnes nykrbs wanw scfob edgbyf nfg jcibynj wacf`cfk ans
wn`bf dxby njj }ydobssbs dh wadrkaw* cw cs drw dh wab dygcfny hdy arenf ibcfks wd anxb n yckaw wd
ib yrjbg&>8
Ad{bxby edsw dh sdocbw {nfws wd ib yrjbg enldycw dh wab wceb& N ocwc|bf cs n
ebeiby dh nf nssdocnwcdf {abyb bnoa ebeiby ans n gchhbybfw hrfowcdf nfg fneb wd hcw {acoa
}ydxcgbs hdy wab swnicjcw dh wab odrfwy& Enldycw dh ocwc|bfs gd fdw {nfw wab ybs}dfscicjcw dy
{bckaw df wabcy sadrjgby anfgjcfk fnwcdfnj abnjwaonyb ybhdye* bgronwcdf* dy sac} iynxb Nebyconfs
dxbysbns wd hckaw cf n {ny& Eo[cjjcnes ackajckaws wacs ns nf gbocscdf wanw nhhbows dry }bysdfnj
jcxbs nyb gchhcorjw wd en`b nfg {cjj ib nkdfc|cfk cf wab bfg&
Nf dhhcob jc`b wab ]ybscgbfo ans ibbf oybnwbg cf dygby wd hrjhcjj wab ybs}dfscicjcw dh
anfgjcfk cssrbs jc`b abnjwaonyb ybhdye dy {ny nfg }bnob& Wab }ybscgbfw* wab cfgcxcgrnj {ad wab
}bd}jb bjbow wd dhhcob* yrjbs hdy n }bycdg nfg wabf cs yrjbg cf wryf& Cw cs wab ybs}dfscicjcw dh njj
ocwc|bfs wd xdwb hdy n }ybscgbfw cf wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs& Cw cs wab edsw ce}dywnfw yckaw nfg
ybs}dfscicjcw wanw nf sdocbw onf anxb ibonrsb fdw enf gd }dssbss wab nicjcw dh jbwwcfk njj
}bd}jb cf n swnwb oaddsb wabcy jbngby& Rfhdywrfnwbj* wab R&_& gdbs fdw ybobcxb acka xdwby wryfdrws
cf jdonj* swnwb* dy hbgbynj bjbowcdfs& Nebyconfs anxb wab ybs}dfscicjcw wd xdwb irw wab oaddsb fdw
wd hdy ce}jcocw ybnsdfs&
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy >?
Ocwc|bfs {ad nyb fdw odfwbfw {cwa n }djco ersw xdwb sd wab onf yb}bj wanw }djco& Nf
ocwc|bf {ad cs gcsodfwbfw {cwa n jn{ dy odeenfg ersw dib cw rfwcj wadsb {adsb wryf cw cs wd yrjb
bfgs wabcy }ybscgbfo& Wabyb nyb sdeb hny yckaw Nebyconfs {ad gcsnkybb {cwa ]ybscgbfw Inyno`
Dinen nfg acs }djcocbs& Wab nyb nkncfsw nf nwwbe}w ab en`bs dy bhhdyw wd oybnwb n jn{ dy
ybhdye& Wadsb bqwybeb odfsbyxnwcxbs nyb fdw nicgcfk i Nycswdwjbs odfob}w dh ocwc|bfsac}& Wab
ersw dib nfg hdjjd{ n jn{ dy odeenfg wanw wab ]ybscgbfw ans }rw cfwd }jnob rfwcj wab fbqw
jbngby cf }d{by sroobbgs ace& Wanf`hrjj* wabyb ans fdw ibbf n yngconj ybibjjcdf nkncfsw n
]ybscgbfw ybknygcfk }djcocbs cf edgbyf sdocbw* wabybhdyb cw onf snhbj ib sncg wanw wab bqwybecsws
{cjj }bnobhrjj {ncw hdy wab fbqw bjbowcdf wd kbw {anw wab {nfwbg& Ibhdyb wanw onf an}}bf* xdwby
wryfdrw fbbgs wd ce}ydxb&
Edgbyf Ocwc|bfsac} cf wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs
Hybbgde nfg d}}dywrfcw nyb w{d ybnsdfs wanw enf ceeckynfws nwwbe}w wd bfwby wab
Rfcwbg _wnwbs& Wabyb nyb enf yckaws nfg ybs}dfscicjcwcbs ns }bywncfbg wd ocwc|bfsac} cfwd wab R&_&
ns ocwbg i wab R&_&O&C&_& gb}nywebfw&>;
Hdy bqne}jb* ibodecfk n Rfcwbg _wnwbs ocwc|bf }ydxcgbs
dfb {cwa yckaws nfg }ycxcjbkbs wanw cfojrgb nfg nyb fdw jcecwbg wd< xdwcfk cf hbgbynj bjbowcdfs0
sbyxcfk df n lry0 iycfkcfk hnecj ebeibys wd wab R&_&0 diwncfcfk ocwc|bfsac} hdy oacjgybf idyf
niydng0 wynxbjcfk {cwa n R&_& }nss}dyw0 yrffcfk hdy hbgbynj dhhcob !bqob}w ]ybscgbfw nfg Xcob
]ybscgbfw#0 nfg ibodecfk bjckcijb hdy hbgbynj kynfws nfg soadjnysac}s& _bxbynj dh wab
ybs}dfscicjcwcbs cfojrgb sr}}dywcfk nfg gbhbfgcfk wab Odfswcwrwcdf0 sbyxcfk wab odrfwy {abf
yb~rcybg0 }nywcoc}nwcfk cf wab gbedoynwco }ydobss0 ybs}bowcfk nfg dibcfk hbgbynj* swnwb* nfg jdonj
jn{s0 ybs}bowcfk wab yckaws* ibjcbhs* nfg d}cfcdfs dh dwabys0 nfg }nywcoc}nwcfk cf wab jdonj
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy >7
odeerfcw& Wabsb nyb wab yckaws nfg ybs}dfscicjcwcbs hdy wadsb cfgcxcgrnjs {ad anxb wabcy
kybbg%onyg swnwrsbs nfg {ad anxb sroobsshrjj ode}jbwbg wab fnwrynjc|nwcdf }ydobss& Rfcwbg
_wnwbs ocwc|bfsac} cs n swb} ibdfg }byenfbfw ybscgbfo dy dwaby{csb `fd{f ns kybbf%onyg
swnwrs& Cydfconjj wadrka sdeb fnwrynj%idyf ocwc|bfs dh wab R&_& gd fdw ybodkfc|b dy }rysrb wab
yckaws jcswbg nidxb& _deb Nebyconfs gd fdw bxbf hbbj nf dijcknwcdf wd hrjhcjj wab ybs}dfscij wanw
odeb {cwa fnwrynj%icywa&
Ocwc|bfsac} {cwacf wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs cs kdxbyfbg i wab hdrywbbfwa nebfgebfw dh wab
Odfswcwrwcdf nfg wab Ceeckynwcdf nfg Fnwcdfnjcw Now dh >329&>1
Cfgcxcgrnjs en kncf wabcy
ocwc|bfsac} cf hcxb {ns#icywa {cwacf wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs* 9# icywa drwscgb wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs* irw wd }nybfws {ad nyb
idwa ocwc|bfs dh wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs* ?# icywa drwscgb wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs nfg cws drwjcfk}dssbsscdfs wd }nybfws* dfb dh {ade cs n Rfcwbg _wnwbs ocwc|bf {ad ans ibbf }asconjj
}ybsbfw cf wab }bycdg dh dfb bny }ycdy wd wab icywanfg wab dwaby dh {ade cs nfnwcdfnjdh wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs 7# ch n }bysdf dh rf`fd{f }nybfwnkb nfg rfgby hcxb bnys
dh nkb cs hdrfg cf wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs* nfg 2# icywa drwscgb wab kbdkyn}aconj jcecws dh wab
Rfcwbg _wnwbsdh }nybfws dfb dh {ade cs nf njcbf* nfg wab dwaby n ocwc|bf dh wab Rfcwbg_wnwbs {ad* }ycdy wd wab icywa{ns }asconjj }ybsbfw cf wab Rfcwbg _wnwbshdy n
}bycdgwdwnjcfk fdw jbss wanf hcxb bnys* nw jbnsw w{d dh{acoa {byb nhwby nwwncfcfk wab nkb
dh hdrywbbf bnys&>3
Ocwc|bfsac} cs ce}jcbg ns n jbknj idfg bswnijcsabg {cwa wab cfgcxcgrnj ocwc|bf nfg acs$aby d{f
swnwb& [cwa wanw bswnijcsabg ybjnwcdfsac}* wab cfgcxcgrnj ybobcxbs obywncf yckaws nfg grwcbs wanw wcb
ace cfwd wab fnwcdfnj odeerfcw& ]ycdy wd >188 Rfcwbg _wnwbs ocwc|bfsac} {ns kbfbynjj abjg
rfgby wab }ycfoc}jb dh lrs sdjc* {abyb n }bysdf idyf {cwacf wab odrfwy no~rcybs acs ocwc|bfsac} nw
icywa&9=
Wab Ocxcj Yckaws Now dh >188 nfg wab hdrywbbfwa nebfgebfw }ydxcgbg ocwc|bfsac} wd
cfgcxcgrnjs dh Nhyconf gbsobfw {acoa {ns hdy wab hcysw wceb n odfswcwrwcdfnj inscs dh Nebyconf
ocwc|bfsac}& Wab hdrywbbfwa nebfgebfw cf wab Odfswcwrwcdf xnjrbs n ocwc|bf dh wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy >2
cs nf }bysdf* ybknygjbss dh ynob dy odjdy* idyf {cwacf wab wbyycwdycnj jcecws dh wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs dy
fnwrynjc|bg cf noodygnfob {cwa Rfcwbg _wnwbs jn{s& Waydrka wab ocxcj yckaws byn* {debf nfg
}bysdfs dh odjdy ybobcxbg hrjj yckaws ns Nebyconf ocwc|bfs nfg R&_& ocwc|bfsac} bfode}nssbg
wadsb {ad {byb ecswybnwbg nfg }bysborwbg waydrkadrw Nebyconf acswdy& Wab ebnfcfks dh
ocwc|bfsac} anxb ibbf cfodfscswbfw scfob wab ibkcffcfk {cwa xnycdrs bwafco kydr}s fdw kynfwbg wab
d}}dywrfcw wd anxb noobss wd kddgs nfg ybsdryobs ibonrsb wab {byb fdw odfscgbybg n ocwc|bf dh
wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs&
Wd diwncf ocwc|bfsac} cfwd wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs* ceeckynfws fbbg wd ode}j {cwa
ceeckynwcdf jn{s bswnijcsabg i wab jbkcsjnwcxb nfg bqborwcxb iynfoabs nfg wab lrgcocnj iynfoa
i }ybobgbfw& [cwa wanw cf ecfg nf cfgcxcgrnj {ad cs sbb`cfk wd diwncf }byenfbfw ybscgbfob
nfg hrjj yckaws ns n ocwc|bf cfwd wab odrfwy ersw njsd sroobsshrjj ode}jbwb wab R&_& Ocwc|bfsac}
nfg Ceeckynwcdf _byxcobs Fnwrynjc|nwcdf bqne& Wab R&_& Fnwrynjc|nwcdf bqne cfojrgbs nf
Bfkjcsa wbsw cf nggcwcdf wd ~rbswcdfs nidrw Nebyconf ocxcos9>
&
Wab Bfkjcsa }dywcdf dh wab wbsw cfojrgbs ybngcfk* {ycwcfk* nfg s}bn`cfk& Hdy wab ybngcfk
sbowcdf* wab n}}jconfw ersw ib nijb wd ybng dfb sbfwbfob drw waybb sbfwbfobs odyybowj* srkkbswcfk
wanw wab rfgbyswnfg cws ebnfcfk& Wab {ycwcfk sbowcdf yb~rcybs wab n}}jconfw wd {ycwb n scfkjb
sbfwbfob drw dh waybb sbfwbfobs sbjbowbg cf n enffby wanw wab bqne dhhcoby {drjg ib nijb wd
rfgbyswnfg& Wab ocxcos }dywcdf dh wab fnwrynjc|nwcdf bqne yb~rcybs bnoa n}}jconfw wd dynjj
nfs{by n sbw dh ~rbswcdfs& Bnoa n}}jconfw ersw ib nijb wd nfs{by scq drw dh wbf ~rbswcdfs
odyybowj cf dygby wd ybobcxb n }nsscfk sodyb& Njj dfb arfgybg ~rbswcdfs onf ib }rijconjj
noobssbg df wab R&_&O&C&_& {biscwb& N}}jconfws ersw ib nijb wd gbedfswynwb kddg edynj
oanynowby* ersw anxb n }bycdg dh ybscgbfob cf wab R&_&* wab nicjcw wd ybng* {ycwb nfg s}bn`
Bfkjcsa* `fd{jbgkb dh wab Odfswcwrwcdf* nfg ersw gcs}jn n hnxdynijb nwwcwrgb wd{nygs wab Rfcwbg
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy >8
_wnwbs&99
Cw wn`bs nf nxbynkb dh scq edfwas wd ibodeb fnwrynjc|bg nhwby bnoa n}}jconfw
sroobsshrjj ode}jbwbs wab fnwrynjc|nwcdf }ydobss& Wanw cfgcxcgrnj en ibodeb n ocwc|bf ns sddf
ns wab wn`b wab Dnwa dh Njjbkcnfob wd wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs cf n hdyenjc|bg obybedf&
Wab dhhcob dh wab R&_& Ocwc|bfsac} nfg Ceeckynwcdf _byxcobs ngecfcswbys wacs bqnecfnwcdf
cf dygby wd cgbfwch ch wab cfgcxcgrnjs {ad gbscyb ocwc|bfsac} `fd{ nfg rfgbyswnfg xnycdrs }nyws
dh wab R&_& kdxbyfebfw nfg }djcwconj sswbe& Enf {ad cgbfwch ibcfk fnwrynj%idyf ocwc|bfs dh
wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs nyb fdw yb~rcybg wd wn`b wacs bqne cf dygby wd ib odfscgbybg nf Nebyconf& Ns
gbsckfnwbg i wab hdrywbbfwa nebfgebfw cf wab Odfswcwrwcdf* }bysdfs {ad nyb idyf {cwacf wab
Rfcwbg _wnwbs anxb wab swnwrs ns fnwrynj%idyf ocwc|bfs* wars }ydxcgcfk ocwc|bfsac} wd wanw
cfgcxcgrnj& Nycswdwjb {drjg nkybb wanw wacs cs fdw wab odyybow dy n}}yd}ycnwb {n wd cssrb
ocwc|bfsac} wd nf cfgcxcgrnj {cwacf n odrfwy& Ch n ocwc|bfsac} bqne {byb wd ib ngecfcswbybg wd njj
Nebyconfs* n senjj }byobfwnkb {drjg }nss ch wab wbsw ngabybs wd wab R&_&O&C&_& Fnwrynjc|nwcdf
bqne& Hdy bqne}jb* w{d ybobfw nywcojbs {byb }rijcsabg ybknygcfk D`jnaden nfg Nyc|dfn acka
soaddj swrgbfws {ad {byb ns`bg wd wn`b n edo` ocxcos bqne scecjny wd wab fnwrynjc|nwcdf bqne&
Idwa swrgcbs {byb rsbg cf dygby wd hcfg drw ad{ eroa ocxco `fd{jbgkb wabsb acka soaddj
swrgbfws ybnjj fd{& Wab ~rbswcdfs gbycxbg gcybowj hyde wab nowrnj bqne& Hdy wab D`jnaden
onsb* n wadrsnfg swrgbfws {byb sryxbbg xcn }adfb nfg {byb kcxbf wbf ~rbswcdfs wd nfs{by insbg
r}df wab R&_&O&C&_& cwbe inf`9?
& _cecjny wd wab nowrnj bqne* wab swrgbfws {byb ns`bg wd nfs{by
scq ~rbswcdfs drw dh wbf odyybowj& Ns fdwbg cf wab nywcojb* R&_& Ocwc|bfsac} nfg Ceeckynwcdf
_byxcobs ocwbg 39 }byobfw dh wab }bd}jb {ad wn`b wab bqne nyb sroobsshrj df wabcy hcysw nwwbe}w&
Ad{bxby* dfj waybb }byobfw dh wab D`jnaden acka soaddj swrgbfws {drjg anxb }nssbg wab bqne
insbg df wab nfs{bys wab knxb df wab edo` bqne& Dfj 9? }byobfw dh swrgbfws nfs{bybg {ad
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy >;
wab hcysw ]ybscgbfw dh wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs odyybowj& Wacs rfhdywrfnwbj {ns wab sneb onsb {cwa wab
Nyc|dfn acka soaddj swrgbfws&
Acka soaddj swrgbfws abyb odrjg fdw cgbfwch {ad iboneb wab hcysw }ybscgbfw nhwby wab
Nebyconf Ybxdjrwcdf fdy odrjg wab }ydxcgb nf nfs{by wd {anw wab hcysw wbf nebfgebfws dh wab
Odfswcwrwcdf nyb& Drw dh wab swrg cf Nyc|dfn* n yb}dyw {ns ybxbnjbg wanw dfj ?&2 }byobfw dh
wyngcwcdfnj }rijco acka soaddj swrgbfws {drjg ib nijb wd }nss n ocwc|bfsac} wbsw b~rcxnjbfw wd wab
bqne wab R&_&O&C&_& }ydxcgbs wd ceeckynfws&97
Njsd ebfwcdfbg cf wab nywcojb* wab oanywby nfg
}ycxnwb soaddjs ybobcxbg n ackaby }byobfwnkb wanf wab wyngcwcdfnj }rijco soaddjs* ad{bxby wab
swcjj ybobcxbg n }ddy yn}}dyw {cwa dfj sbxbf }byobfw nfg >7 }byobfw dh swrgbfws }nsscfk wab bqne
ybs}bowcxbj& Wab hnow wanw fnwrynj%idyf Nebyconfs onffdw cgbfwch {ad wab hcysw }ybscgbfw dh wab
Rfcwbg _wnwbs cs xby gcswryicfk nfg hdjjd{s srcw {cwa {anw Nycswdwjb wnj`s nidrw cf Wab ]djcwcos
{cwa ocwc|bfsac}& Ocwc|bfsac} yb~rcybs wab hrjj }nywcoc}nwcdf nfg cfxdjxbebfw cf }djcwcos& Nycswdwjb
{drjg ib gcsn}}dcfwbg grb wd Nebyconfs cfbhhcocbfw bhhdyw dh `fd{cfk ce}dywnfw hnows nfg
cfhdyenwcdf nidrw wabcy }djcwconj sswbe nfg hdrfgnwcdf&
N ynfgde sbjbowcdf dh Edfedrwa Rfcxbyscw swrgbfws xdjrfwbbybg wd }nywcoc}nwb cf n
edo` fnwrynjc|nwcdf bqne sdjbj rsbg hdy wacs ybsbnyoa !sbb N}}bfgcq N#& Nhwby wn`cfk wab bqne*
enf dh wabsb cfgcxcgrnjs hbjw nsanebg nfg$dy beinyynssbg ibonrsb wab gcg fdw `fd{ dy
rfgbyswnfg wab odfob}ws dh wab edo` bqne& Wab cfgcxcgrnjs njsd srkkbswbg wanw wab sadrjg anxb
ybobcxbg ngb~rnwb wceb wd swrg cf dygby wd nfs{by wabsb ~rbswcdfs& Wd odrfwby wanw nykrebfw*
wab anxb ibbf kynfwbg bfdrka wceb wd swrg& Ch nf cfgcxcgrnj cs n fnwrynj%idyf Nebyconf* wabcy
kyneeny nfg acka soaddjs sadrjg anxb bgronwbg wabe bfdrka df Nebyconf ocxcos* kdxbyfebfw*
nfg }djcwcos scfob wab bfwbybg soaddjcfk& Enldycw dh Nebyconf soaddjs cfojrgb Nebyconf
acswdy* kdxbyfebfw* nfg ocxcos cfwd wabcy oryycorjre& Wab ybsrjws dh wacs edo` bqne gcs}jn wanw
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy >1
edyb fbbgs wd ib gdfb hdy Nebyconf swrgbfws wd jbnyf* rfgbyswnfg* nfg n}}ybocnwb wabcy s wnwbs
odfswyrowcdf& Wab swrgbfws nfs{bybg wbf ~rbswcdfs cf wacs scerjnwbg bqne insbg dhh dh wab fb{j
cfswnwbg CF_ Ocxcos bqne wanw {ns ybjbnsbg df Dowdiby >* 9==1&
Wab edo` bqnes {byb anfgbg drw wd ynfgde }bbys nfg cf Cfwydgrowcdf wd ]djcwconj
_ocbfob ojnssbs grycfk Fdxbeiby 9==3& Nhwby njj wab bqnes {byb odjjbowbg* wab {byb kyngbg
nfg sodybg& Wab ybs}dfsbs {byb cfsbywbg cfwd n Ecoydsdhw Bqobj s}ybngsabbw& Nedfk wab 7>
ocxcos bqnes ode}jbwbg* dfj 1 !>3&2>"# swrgbfws }nssbg {cwa n 8=" dy ibwwby !N}}bfgcq O*
Wnijb >#& Wab nxbynkb sodyb df wab wbsw i njj dh wab bqne wn`bys {ns waybb odyybow drw dh wbf
~rbswcdfs& Wab ackabsw sodyb df wab ocxcos bqne {ns nf bckaw {acoa {ns ybnoabg i dfj waybb
}nywcoc}nfws&
Nggcwcdfnjj* bnoa cfgcxcgrnj ~rbswcdf {ns jdd`bg nw !N}}bfgcq G* Wnijb 9&>%9&>=#& Hdy
wab }ry}dsbs dh wacs }n}by dfj hdry dh wab cfgcxcgrnj ~rbswcdfs {cjj ib gcsorssbg* ~rbswcdfs >* ;*
1* nfg >= !N}}bfgcq N#& ^rbswcdf > ns`bg swrgbfws wd cgbfwch w{d dh Wadens Lbhhbysdfs waybb
cfnjcbfnijb yckaws jcswbg cf wab Gbojnynwcdf dh Cfgb}bfgbfob* Jchb* Jcibyw* nfg wab ]rysrcw dh
An}}cfbss& _bxbf }nywcoc}nfws !>;"# odyybowj cgbfwchcbg wab nfs{by& ^rbswcdf ; ns`bg
swrgbfws wd cgbfwch {ns cf {acoa Nebyconfs onf }nywcoc}nwb cf wabcy gbedoyno& Wabyb nyb
sbxbynj nfs{bys wanw {drjg ode}jbwb wacs ~rbswcdf wanw onf ib hdrfg cf N}}bfgcq I& Ad{bxby*
>8 swrgbfws !?3"# nfs{bybg odyybowj wd wacs ~rbswcdf& ^rbswcdf 1 ns`bg swrgbfws wd fneb wab
gnwb cf {acoa wab Gbojnynwcdf dh Cfgb}bfgbfob {ns ngd}wbg* Lrj 7* >;;8& Bxbf wadrka wacs cs
n gnwb njj ocwc|bfs nyb nssrebg wd `fd{ scfob Nebyconfs objbiynwb Cfgb}bfgbfob Gn bxby bny*
9= swrgbfws !73"# {byb odyybow& Jnswj* ~rbswcdf >= ns`s wanw wab swrgbfws ackajckaw df {anw
_rsnf I& Nfwadf ans gdfb* {cwa hckawcfk hdy {debfs yckaws& Wab ybsrjws wryf drw wd ib
gcsn}}dcfwcfk {cwa dfj >? swrgbfws !?9"# {ad `fd{ {anw Nfwadf ans gdfb& Wabsb nyb hnows
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
19/41
Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy >3
wanw nyb wab inscs dh wab R&_& acswdy nfg kdxbyfebfw wanw nyb wnrkaw cf kyneeny nfg acka soaddjs
wanw Edfedrwa swrgbfws gd fdw `fd{ wab nfs{bys wd&
[cwa wab sodybs dh Edfedrwa swrgbfws cf ybknygs wd wab edo` bqne nfg wab Nyc|dfn nfg
D`jnaden acka soaddj swrgbfws* wacs }ydxbs wanw enf Nebyconfs gd fdw `fd{ odfob}ws dh
acswdy nfg ocxcos& [a nyb fnwrynjc|bg ocwc|bfs abjg wd n ackaby swnfgnyg wanf fnwrynj%idyf
ocwc|bfs4 _debwacfk fbbgs wd oanfkb& Wabyb cs n fbbg wd ybxcscw* bq}jdyb nfg bfanfob ocxco
}ydkynes cf dygby wd ybgbhcfb ocwc|bfsac} rscfk ocxco bfycoaebfw&
Nebyconfs Jno` dh Ocxco Xnjrbs
Ocxco bfknkbebfw cfojrgbs cfgcxcgrnj nfg odjjbowcxb nowcdfs cgbfwchcfk nfg nggybsscfk
}rijco odfobyfs nfg cssrbs&92
Cw onf wn`b enf hdyes wanw swbe hyde xdjrfwbbycse wd
dyknfc|nwcdfnj cfxdjxbebfw wd bxbf bjbowdynj }nywcoc}nwcdf& Wacs cfojrgbs bhhdyws wd nggybss n
}ydijbe gcybowj dy {dy` {cwa dwabys cf n kcxbf odeerfcw wd sdjxb wab odfobyf0 enf bqne}jbs
dh ocxco bfknkbebfw ynfkb hyde xdjrfwbbycfk nw n sdr} `cwoabf* xdwcfk* nfg sbyxcfk df n
odeerfcw nssdocnwcdf&
Ocxco bfknkbebfw cs gbb}j xnjrbg ns n R&_& wyngcwcdf* ad{bxby enf Nebyconfs rsb wacs
ns n odfsb~rbfob dy n }rfcsaebfw hdy {abf sdebdfb odeecws n jbknj nfg$dy edynj oyceb& Wab
odryws cf wab R&_& }byobcxb lrswcob ns kcxcfk nf cfgcxcgrnj scqw adrys dh odeerfcw sbyxcob hdy
rfgbynkb odfsre}wcdf dh njodadj hdy nf bqne}jb& _byxcob nfg xdjrfwbbycse sadrjg ib }byobcxbg
ns n {n wd cfs}cyb Nebyconfs wd ibodeb nowcxb }nywcoc}nfws cf wabcy odeerfcws jchb& Wab
Obfwby hdy Cfhdyenwcdf nfg Ybsbnyoa df Ocxco Jbnyfcfk nfg Bfknkbebfw !OCYOJB gcxcgbg
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 9=
ocxco bfknkbebfw cfwd waybb onwbkdycbs< ocxco* bjbowdynj* nfg }djcwconj xdcob&98
Wacs wnijb
!N}}bfgcq H* Wnijb 7# ebnsrybs ocxco cfxdjxbebfw&
Wab fdwcdf wanw Nebyconfs wacf` dh sbyxcob ns fbknwcxb gbycxbs hyde wabcy cfgcxcgrnjcswco
fnwryb& Eo[cjjcnes wn`bs fdwb wanw sdocbw nkybbs wd dib nfg hdjjd{ wab yrjbs nfg }ydobgrybs
irw gd fdw nkybb wd noob}w wab xnjrbs dy ns}cynwcdfs dh hbjjd{ ocwc|bfs& Wanw ecfgsbw cs xcb{bg ns
C gdfw d{b nfwacfk wd nfdfb0 wabyb cs dfj odfobyf hdy wab sbjh wanf hdy dwabys& Wab sbjh
nkybbs wd hdjjd{ }ydobgryb ns jdfk ns cw bq}nfgs wab d}}dywrfcw hdy edyb }ycxnwb hybbgde*
sborycw* nhhjrbfob* nfg }d{by&9;
Cf Eo[cjjcnes Njwbyfnwcxb Wyngcwcdfs* ab nykrbs wanw wdgns
Nebycon cs fd jdfkby wab wyrb Nebycon jc`b cf wab >32=s {abyb ch wabyb {ns n fnwcdfnj odfobyf*
Nebyconfs {byb {cjjcfk wd snoychcob hdy wab odeedf kddg dh wab fnwcdf&91
Wabyb cs n jdss dh
odeerfcw {abyb adebs df wab ijdo` nyb gcsodffbowbg nfg cw cs n gcsodehdyw wd ns` hdy srkny&
Wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs ans nj{ns ibbf n odrfwy {abyb }ycfoc}jbs nfg gdowycfbs nyb wab hdrfgnwcdf0
ad{bxby dr onffdw hbbj cw ch cws d{f ocwc|bfs gd fdw }nywcoc}nwb cf wab odrfwys sroobss nfg
bfycoacfk acswdy&
Eo[cjjcnes nggcwcdfnjj nykrbs wanw n}nwa ans ibbf oybnwbg {cwacf Nebyconf sdocbw
{cwadrw nf ybknyg wd }djcwconj cfswcwrwcdfs& N}nwa ans ibbf oybnwbg i sbjh%sbb`cfk nfg sbjh%
}ybsbyxcfk snwcshnowcdfs nfg wdgns xcb{ dh b~rnjcw {abyb bxbydfb ans ibbf oybnwbg df n jbxbj
}jncfk hcbjg&93
Nycswdwjb gcsnkybbg {cwa b~rnjcw& ]bd}jb nyb }ybsr}}dsbg wd ib sr}bycdy wd
nfdwaby* fdw bxby cfgcxcgrnj cs ns senyw* ns swydfk* dy ns wdrka ns nfdwaby& Wacs n}nwa cs wab
onrsb dh {acoa enf Nebyconfs gd fdw xdwb cf hbgbynj* swnwb* dy jdonj bjbowcdfs&
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 9>
Wab Odfkybsscdfnj Gckbsw gcsorssbs xdwcfk nfg ybkcswynwcdf wybfgs cf cws 9==7 nywcojb
nidrw wab 9=== }ybscgbfwcnj bjbowcdf& Enf dh wab ybnsdfs {a }bd}jb gcg fdw xdwb cfojrgbg
ibcfk wdd irs* gcsnijbg dy sco`* dy wanw wabcy xdwb gcg fdw enwwby nfg {byb fdw cfwbybswbg& Dh wab
ybkcswbybg fdfxdwbys cf 9===* 9> }byobfw gcg fdw xdwb ibonrsb wab odfscgbybg wabesbjxbs wdd
irs dy wanw wabcy soabgrjbs odfhjcowbg0 >2 }byobfw ibonrsb wab {byb sco` dy gcsnijbg0 nfg >9
}byobfw {byb rfcfwbybswbg dy hbjw wanw wabcy xdwb gcg fdw odrfw&?=
Wab freibys nfg wab ybnsdfs
{a nyb {anw fbbgs wd oanfkb& N sr}}jbebfw sadrjg ib }ydxcgbg ch n ybkcswbybg xdwby cs fdw nijb
wd xdwb ibonrsb dh wabcy soabgrjb dy ch wab nyb sco`& Wab >9 }byobfw dh ybkcswbybg fdfxdwbys nyb
wab sdryob dh wacs ybsbnyoa& Wadsb xdwbys sadrjg onyb nfg hbbj cfwbybswbg cf wab bjbowcdf0 wab
fbbg wd bfknkb wabesbjxbs i jbnyfcfk nidrw wab onfgcgnwbs& Wabcy xdwb enwwbys& Wab freiby dh
}bd}jb {ad xdwbg cf wab 9=== }ybscgbfwcnj bjbowcdf {ns >>> ecjjcdf* sadyw dh wab >>7 ecjjcdf cf
>339&?>
Wab wryfdrw }byobfwnkb ans ibkrf wd cfoybnsb ns cw sad{s cf wab 9==7 nfg 9==1
}ybscgbfwcnj bjbowcdfs hdy drfkby xdwbys !nkbs >1%93#& Hdy bqne}jb* cf 9=== wab xdwby wryfdrw
{ns r} 7="0 9==7 cfoybnsbg wd 73"0 nfg 9==1 {cwa 2>"&?9
Ibw{bbf wab 9==7 nfg 9==1
}ybscgbfwcnj bjbowcdfs* wabyb {ns fdw n ick cfoybnsb0 ad{bxby wabyb cs n gcswcfow gchhbybfob hyde
wab 9=== nfg 9==1 bjbowcdfs&
Wab jd{ xdwby wryfdrw cf wab ybobfw kribyfnwdycnj bjbowcdfs cf Fb{ Lbysb nfg cf Xcykcfcn
njsd sbyxbs ns nf bqne}jb dh gcsn}}dcfwcfk ocxco }nywcoc}nwcdf& Wab wryfdrw dh xdwbys rfgby nkb
?= cs >3" cf Fb{ Lbysb0 cw ans gboybnsbg i sbxbf }dcfws ibw{bbf >33; nfg 9==3&??
Bxbf cf
Xcykcfcn* wryfdrw gboybnsbg i dfb }dcfw wd >;" hyde >33; wd 9==3& Jbss wanf dfb cf hcxb drfk
xdwbys xdwbg cf idwa kribyfnwdycnj bjbowcdfs noodygcfk wd Wcsoa Odjjbkbs }ybss ybjbnsb&
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 99
Fdw dfj ans xdwby wryfdrw anxb ibodeb gcsn}}dcfwcfk* irw bxbf wab gbodyre dh enf
Nebyconfs nw wd{f anjjs* gbinwbs* nfg wab ybs}dfscicjcw dh sbyxcfk lry grw cs njsd cfojrgbg&
Wabsb knwabycfks nyb abjg cf {acoa Nebyconfs onf nowcxbj kbw cfxdjxbg nfg }nywcoc}nwb cf wab
gbocscdfs wanw wab kdxbyfebfw en`bs& Wacs cs wab hdrfgnwcdf cf {acoa wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs }djcwconj
sswbe {ns oybnwbg hdy& Nebyconfs anxb gychwbg n{n hyde ybnsdfnijb gbinwb ns edyb dh R&_&
}djcwconj }nywcbs anxb ibodeb wdd bqwybeb nfg s{n n{n hyde wab }djco }jnwhdye& Rscfk wab
}ybxcdrs }ybscgbfwcnj bjbowcdf ns nf bqne}jb* enf dh ]ybscgbfw Dinens d}}dfbfws anxb
odfwcfrbg wd ybscsw nfg gbfdrfob acs }ybscgbfo scfob wab bjbowcdf& Enf kd ns hny ns wd ode}nyb
ace {cwa Ngdjh Acwjby {cwa gyn{cfks dh Dinen {cwa Acwjbys cfhnedrs erswnoab& _deb dh wabsb
bqwybecsws }dywyn wab ]ybscgbfw cf wab edsw fbknwcxb jckaw ibonrsb wab gd fdw nkybb {cwa acs
bfnowbg }djcocbs dy acs }djcwconj cgbdjdk& ]ydwbswcfk wab bjbowcdf dh wab ]ybscgbfw nfg oybnwcfk n
ybjnwcdfsac} ibw{bbf Acwjby nfg Dinen cs fdw odfscgbybg }nywcoc}nwcfk cf }djcwcos dy cf
kdxbyfebfw* cw cs kdcfk nkncfsw {anw wab odrfwy ans ibbf hdrfgbg hdy gbedoyno& Xcywrb nfg
xnjrb sadrjg ib wnrkaw {cwa ocxco bfknkbebfw nfg ybs}dfscicjcw ibonrsb wacs ans ibbf jdfk
hdykdwwbf&
Njsd cw cs n yckaw kynfwbg i wab Odfswcwrwcdf hdy Nebyconfs wd sbyxb df n lry* ad{bxby
{abf sdeb Nebyconfs ybobcxb wanw lry sbjbowcdf onyg cf wab encj* wab nwwbe}w wd gd bxbywacfk
cf wabcy }d{by wd hcfg nf bqorsb& ]nywcoc}nwcfk cf lry grw cs sbyxcfk wab odrfwy& Cw odrjg ib
bxbf dfb dh wab senjjbsw nows dh }nywcoc}nwcdf cf }djcwconj jchb wanw Nycswdwjb gcsorssbs {acoa en`bs
dfb n ocwc|bf dh wab swnwb&
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7/30/2019 Born to be Free: How To Engage Citizens Through Political Participation
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 9?
Hcfgcfks
[anw onf ib gdfb wd ybowch wab }ydijbe cf wab Rfcwbg _wnwbs4
Wyngcwcdfnj gbedoyno cs ojbnyj fdw {dy`cfk cf ybs}bow wd gbhcfcfk ocwc|bfsac} cf wab
Rfcwbg _wnwbs nfg Nebyconfs hrjj bfknkbebfw& Wab hncjryb dh wyngcwcdfnj gbedoyno onf ib
gbsoycibg i wab hdry ]s< }djcwconj }nynjscs* }d{byhrj s}bocnj cfwbybsw kydr}s* }djj%insbg }rijco
d}cfcdf* nfg }ddy }djco ybsbnyoa&?7
Wabyb cs n }djcwconj }nynjscs {abyb Nebyconf jbngbys onffdw
wn`b swydfk nowcdf grb wd }nywcsnfsac} }djcwcos nfg wab ocwc|bfs ode}jncf nidrw ad{ wab anxb
ibbf }rsabg drw dh wab }ydobss irw nyb rf{cjjcfk wd noob}w sdjrwcdfs wd gchhcorjw }ydijbes&
]d{byhrj s}bocnj cfwbybsw kydr}s jc`b Edxbdf&dyk nfg wab F&Y&N& anxb ibodeb wdd drws}d`bf
nfg gdecfnwb bxby gbinwb {abyb wab ibodeb wab jbngbys dh }djco nfg fdw dh wab }rijco& ]djj%
insbg }rijco d}cfcdf sbyxbs ns n san` hdrfgnwcdf hdy kddg gbocscdf%en`cfk& Nfg wabyb cs }ddy
}djco ybsbnyoa {abyb wabyb cs cfngb~rnwb wceb nfg edfb wanw jbnxb adjbs cf rfbq}jdybg
ybsbnyoa nfg }djco&
N sdjrwcdf wd wacs }ydijbe cfojrgbs gbjcibynwcxb gbedoyno& Gbjcibynwcxb gbedoyno cs
hdrfgbg df wab ibjcbh wanw ocwc|bfs onyb nfg rfgbyswnfg bfdrka wd anxb ebnfcfkhrj }nywcoc}nwcdf
cf wab gbjcibynwcxb }ydobss dh en`cfk }rijco }djco& Wab ocwc|bfs hcysw oaddsb wab }djco wab nyb
{cjjcfk wd noob}w nfg wabf wab ibkcf wd gbxbjd} wab }djcwconj kddg wd en`b wab gbscybg
oanfkbs&?2
Wacs n}}ydnoa ans ibodeb edyb }ybxnjbfw nfg edyb odeedf nw wab ibkcffcfk dh wab
9>sw
obfwry ns enf ybnjc|b wanw wab wyngcwcdfnj ybjnwcdfsac} ibw{bbf ocwc|bfs nfg kdxbyfebfw cs
cfngb~rnwb hdy sdjxcfk }rijco }ydijbes& Wab rsrnj hdyes hdy gbocscdf%en`cfk {nswb jcecwbg
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Yrffcfk Abng< IDYF WD IB HYBB Inyy 97
}rijco ybsdryobs* oybnwb rf}ydgrowcxb gcs}rwbs* nfg hncj wd wn} ocwc|bf }dwbfwcnj&?8
Wacs {cjj abj}
Nebyconf ocwc|bfs nfg wab kdxbyfebfw wd {dy` edyb bhhcocbfwj wdkbwaby&
Cf ode}nycsdf wd wyngcwcdfnj gbedoyno nfg wab hdry ]s* gbjcibynwcxb gbedoyno
cfxdjxbs n {adjb odeerfcw cf wab gbocscdf%en`cfk }ydobss& Cw njsd yb}jnobs }rijco d}cfcdf
{cwa }rijco lrgkebfw {acoa cs nf cfhdyebg odfsbfsrs diwncfbg waydrka ebnfcfkhrj gbjcibynwcdf&
Ocwc|bfs nyb kcxbf sriswnfwcnj cfhdyenwcdf nfg }djco en`bys nyb wdjg ocwc|bfs nyb {cjjcfk wd
sr}}dyw& Wabyb cs n ybnjcswco }djco }ydijbe wanw ocwc|bfs onf {dy` df wanw kcxbs wabe n oanjjbfkb
wd en`b oadcobs wanw ybnoa }nsw ode}ydecsb wd sanybg sdjrwcdfs& Nfg hcfnjj* cw njjd{s wab R&_&
kdxbyfebfw wd cfxbsw cf wceb nfg edfb hdy ~rnjcw }djco ybsbnyoa&
?;
Wabf }djco en`bys {cjj
ib on}nijb wd wn`b swydfk* gbocscxb nowcdfs&
N sbfsb dh odeerfcw {cjj ib diwncfbg nkncf jc`b wab ojnssconj wcebs {cwa gbjcibynwcxb
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http://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/FactSheets/FS_youth_Voting_2008_updated_6.22.pdfhttp://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/FactSheets/FS_youth_Voting_2008_updated_6.22.pdfhttp://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/FactSheets/FS_youth_Voting_2008_updated_6.22.pdfhttp://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/CIRCLE_post_election_release_Nov_5_with_VA_and_NJ_precints_FINAL.pdfhttp://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/CIRCLE_post_election_release_Nov_5_with_VA_and_NJ_precints_FINAL.pdfhttp://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/CIRCLE_post_election_release_Nov_5_with_VA_and_NJ_precints_FINAL.pdfhttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.deliberative-democracy.net/http://www.deliberative-democracy.net/http://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.deliberative-democracy.net/http://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.uoregon.edu/~ddphttp://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/CIRCLE_post_election_release_Nov_5_with_VA_and_NJ_precints_FINAL.pdfhttp://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/CIRCLE_post_election_release_Nov_5_with_VA_and_NJ_precints_FINAL.pdfhttp://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/FactSheets/FS_youth_Voting_2008_updated_6.22.pdfhttp://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/FactSheets/FS_youth_Voting_2008_updated_6.22.pdf -
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