BORING& ENCASEMENT

35
#02012 BORING & ENCASEMENT

Transcript of BORING& ENCASEMENT

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#02012

BORING & ENCASEMENT

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# 02012 - BORING AND ENCASEMENT

1.1 Boring

A. Pits for boring, tunneling or jacking will not be permitted closer to the roadwaythan toe of fill in fill sections or toe of shoulder slope in ditch sections.

B. Casing and pipeline installations should be accomplished bydryboring,tunneling, jacking, or trenching.

1. The use ofwater under pressure Getting) or puddling will not bepermitted to facilitate boring, pushing, or jackingoperations. Someboring mayrequirewater to,lubricate cutter and pipe and under suchconditions, is considered dry boring.

2. Where unstable soil conditions exist, boring or tunneling operationsshall be conducted in such a manner as not to be detrimental to theroadside being crossed.

3. Ifexcessivevoids or too large a bored hole is produced during casingorpipeline installations, or if it is necessary to abandon a boredor tunneledhole, prompt, remedial action should be taken by the contractor subjectto the approval of the Engineer.

4. All voids or abandoned holes caused by boring or jacking are to befilled by pressure grouting when deemed necessary bythe Engineer.Thegrout material should be a sand, cement slurry witha minimum oftwo (2) sacks ofcement per cubicyard and a minimum ofwater toassure satisfactory placement.

C. Diameter

1. The hole diameter resulting from bored or tunneled installations shallnot exceed the outside diameter of the casing (including coating) bymore than one and one-half inches (1-1/2") on pipes with an insidediameter of twelve inches (12") or less, or two inches (2") on pipe withan inside diameter greater than twelve inches (12").

2.1 Casing Material

A. The followingmaterials are acceptable for use in the casing ofutilityfacilitieswhen permitted by Industry Requirements and Standards

1. Highway, Streets, and Municipal Crossing

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a. Welded Steel Pipe, smooth wall, in sound condition with aminimum wall thickness as specified in American PetroleumCode #1102 listed below:

Minimum Wall

CasingDiameter Thickness

6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16" .188"18, 20 and 22" .250"24 and 26" .281"28, 30, 32 and 34" .312"36, 38, 40 and 48" .344"

b. CorrugatedMetal Pipe and coupling band meeting therequirements of thecurrent KDOT "Standard Specifications forState Road and Bridge, 1990 Edition".

c. Reinforced concrete pipe meetingthe requirementsof the currentKDOT "Standard Specifications for State Road and Bridge, 1990Edition".

d. Vitrifiedclay pipe meetingthe requirement of the current KDOT"Standard Specificationsfor State Road and Bridge, 1990Edition".

e. Cast iron pipe or ductile iron pipe of the same class as used forcarrier pipe, providing it meets the minimumASTMSpecifications. A statement certifying that such specificationsare met will be submittedas part of the shop drawing or permitapplication.

f. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) meeting the requirements ofthecurrent KDOT "Standard Specifications for State Road andBridge, 1990 Edition".

i. The use ofPVC pipe for casing is acceptable up to amaximum diameter of 12 inches. Plastic pipe is notpermitted for gas lines.

ii. Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) providing itmeets the minimum ASTM Specifications and allapplicable laws and codes, in accordancewith the listingbelow:

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CPVC - Water line pipeASTM SpecificationF 441

Casing Min.Wall Schedule

Diameter Thickness ofPipe

4" .237" 40

6" .280" 40

8" .322" 40

10" .365" 40

12" .460" 40

g. Encasement pipeunder highways shall be laid in accordancewith the UtilityAccommodation Policy for the KansasDepartment of Transportation. No work shall be done onhighway or railroad right-of-way without verification of thepermit allowing Right-of-Way use, andthe notification of theappropriate agency.

2. Railroad and Railway Crossings

Casing Diameter Minimum WallThickness

18" 0.312

24" 0.406

30" 0.469

a. Encasement pipeunder railroads shall be for E72 loading,(minimum yield strength35,000 P.S.I.) No work shall be doneon highway or railroad right-of-way without verification of thepermit allowing Right-of-Way use, andthe notification of theappropriate agency.

b. The ends of the casing shallbe suitablysealed to outside of thecarrierpipe against the intrusion of foreign material, whichmight prevent ready removal of the carrier pipe.

3.1 Pipe Support

A. When PVC pipe is installed in casings, skids or cradles must be used to preventdamageto pipe and belljoints during installation and to provide proper long-term line support.

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B PVC pipe in casings should not rest on bells. Skids should properly position thePVC pipe in the casing. PVC pipe with a diameter of 12" or less shall have 4skids placed around the pipe at approximately90-degree increments. PVC pipewith a diameter over 12" shall have 6 skids placed around the pipe atapproximately 60-degree increments.

C. Skids must provide sufficient height to permit clearance between belljoint andcasingwall. All skids shouldbe fastened securelyto the PVC pipe with steelstrapping, cables, or clamps.

D. Skids may either extend for the full length of the pipe, with the exception of thebell and spigot as required for assembly, or they may be spaced at the intervalslisted below.

N MaximumPipe Pipe Length Unsupported Span

6.25 L.F.

7.50 L.F.

7.75 L.F.

8.00 L.F.

6-12" PVC 12.5 L.F.

8" PVC 20.0 L.F.

10" PVC 20.0 L.F.

12" PVC 20.0 L.F.

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# 02110 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

(Removal of Structures, Trees, etc.)

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1.1 General

CLEARING AND GRUBBING

(Removal of Structures, Removal of Trees, etc.)

Clearing Grubbingshall consist ofremoving all natural and artificial objectionablematerials from the right-of-wayin construction areas, road approaches, utility locationswithin the right-of-way, area through which ditches and channels are to be excavated,and such other areas as may be shown in the Specifications or Plans. This work shallbe performed in advance ofgrading or excavating operations and in conformance withrequirements herein specified or outlines by State, City ofFederal regulations.Demolition ofbuildings and structures shall be included in this specification.

A. The natural ground surface shall be cleared ofvegetable growth, such as trees,logs, upturned stumps, roots ofdowned trees, brush, weeds, and all otherobjectionable materials, which will conflict with the construction of thisproject.

2.1 Trees

Within the limits ofclearing, all stumps, roots 11/2 inches in diameter or larger, buriedlogs, and other objectionable material shall be removed 3 feet below the existingground surface or sub-grade, whichever is deeper.

A. Alltrees, branches, limbs, leaves, debris, and etc., from the removal process oftrees shall be removed from the site to a proper waste site at the contractor'sexpense. No burning oftrees or vegetation shall be allowed on the project.

B. Trees and plants that are not to be removed shall be fully protectedfrom injuryby the Contractor at it's expense. Trees shall be removed in such a manner asnot to injure standing trees, plants and improvements, which are to bepreserved.

C. Trees not shown on the plans to be removed shall be protected from damage. Ifa tree outside ofthe right-of-way is damage by the contractor, it will be thecontractor's responsibility to contact the owner and make restitution for saiddamage. At the tree owner's discretion, the contractor mayprune trees usingthe following criteria.

D. Treebranches, which hang within 13.5 feet above finished roadway grade orwithin9 feet above finished sidewalk or parkwaygrade shall be cut off to theboles in a workmanlike manner. The Contractor shall remove additional treebranches under the direction of the Engineer, in such a mannerthat the tree will

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present a balanced appearance. Scars resulting from the removal ofbranchesshall be treated with a heavy coat ofan approved tree sealant.

Payment for the removal of trees listed in the summary ofquantities as"Removal ofTrees" shall be per tree, and shall include the above specifiedwork.

3.1 Bituminous Pavement

BituminousPavement shallbe removed to clean, straight lines. Saw cutting of edgesto be joined is optional. Where only the surface ofexisting bituminous pavement is tobe removed, the method ofremoval shall be approved by the Engineer. Wherebituminous pavement adjoins a trench, the edges adjacent to the trench shall betrimmed to neat straight lines before resurfacing to ensure that all areas to be resurfacedare accessible to the rollers used to compact the sub-grade or paving materials.

3.1.1 Payment for removal ofBituminous pavement shall be paid for as " Remove &Replace Pavement", if there is no bid item for Clearing and Grubbing.

4.1 Concrete Pavement

Concrete Pavement shall be removed to neatly sawed edges. Saw cuts shall be made toa minimum depth of 1-1/2 inches. If a saw cut in concrete pavement falls within 3 feetofa construction joint, cold joint, expansion joint, or edge, the concrete shall beremoved to the joint ofedge. The edges of existing concrete pavement adjacent totrenches, where damaged subsequent to saw cuttingof the pavement, shall againbe cutto neat, straight lines for the purpose of removing the damagedpavement areas. Suchsaw cuts shall be either parallel to the original saw cuts or shall be cut on an anglewhich departs from the original saw cut not more than 1 inch in each 6 inches.

A. Payment for removal ofconcrete pavementshallbe paid for as "Remove&Replace Pavement", if there is no bid item for Clearingand Grubbing.

5.1 Concrete Curb, Sidewalk, Gutters, Driveways and Alley Intersections

Concrete shall be removed to neatly sawed edges with saw cuts made to a minimumdepthof 1-1/2inches. Concrete sidewalk or driveway to be removed shall be neatlysawed in a straight line eitherparallel to the curb, or at right angles to the alignment ofthe sidewalk. No section to be replaced shall be smaller than 30 inches in eitherlengthofwidth. If the saw cut in sidewalk or driveway would fall within 30 inches ofaconstruction joint, expansion joint, or edge, the concrete shall be removed to the joint

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or edge, except that where the saw cut would fall within 12 inches ofa score mark, thesaw cut shall be made in and along the score mark. Curb and gutter shall be sawed to adepth of 1-1/2 inches on a neat line at right angles to the curb face.

A. Payment for removal ofconcrete curb, sidewalk, gutters, driveways and alleyintersections shall be paid for as "Remove & Replace Pavement", if there is nobid item for Clearing and Grubbing.

6.1 Concrete Retaining Wall, Building Structures and Foundations

All buildings, fences, structures, retaining walls, concrete stairs, railings, and any otherobstructions, which are not designated or permitted to remain shall be removed anddisposed ofin a proper manner. It shall bevthe contractor's responsibility to remove theobstruction in its entirety, leaving no material, which may later become a conflict on

_ the project.

A. All obstructions removed shall be disposed of outside the limits of the project.Any material removed shall be disposed in a proper location. If the contractorchooses to dispose of the material on private land, copies of all agreements withthe landowner shall be delivered to the Engineer. No burning ofwastematerials will be allowed on the project.

B. All cavities left by structures removed shall be filled to the level ofthesurrounding ground or to plan grades and lines, and ifwithin the prism ofconstruction, shall be compacted to the type of compaction and within themoisture range as specified in "Trenching and Excavation".

C. All structures including retaining walls, concrete stairways, pipe handrails andother similar obstructions shall be removed in such a manner as to not disruptthe flow of traffic along the streets and highways parallel and adjacent to theproject. It shall be the contractor's responsibility to protect the public at alltimes during the removal of all obstructions and structures. Any adjacentpavement, curb & gutter, driveways, and private or public property damaged ordestroyed by the contractor during the removal process shall be replaced,repaired, or compensated for as required by the public or the private owner.

D. Payment for building and structures removal shall be paid for a "Removal ofExisting Structures", payment for retaining walls, wall handrail, wall stairways,etc., shall be paid for as "Removal ofExisting Retaining Wall".

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SPECD7TCATTONS FOR EARTHWORK

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SECTION #2201 - EARTHWORK

1.0 DESCRIPTION

A. This specificationscovers common excavation, rock excavation, sub-gradepreparation, backfilling of structures, and embankment.

2.0 GENERAL

A. Designated areas, within the indicated limits, shall be excavated, prepared,compacted or filled as required for construction. Reconstruction or removalofexisting facilities and obstructions, and all miscellaneousand incidentalworkrequired to complete the improvements, shall be as shown and described. Allwaste materials removed from the project shall be disposed at approved wastesites. The contractor shall make contact with the County Supervisor, RobertStrait, for information concerning the use of the Cloud County Landfill as anapproved waste site. It shallbe the contractor's responsibilityto make allarrangements for the disposal ofwaste materials. All work shall be performedin accordance with these specifications and in such manner that completeditems will conform to lines, grades and elevations shown, regardless of thecondition, classification, or nature of materials encountered.

3.0 COMMON EXCAVATION

A. Common Excavation shall consist of all excavation not included as rock

excavation or excavation, which is otherwise classified and paid for.

4.0 ROCK EXCAVATION

A. Rock excavation shall include the excavation ofall sedimentary, ingenuous,and metamorphic rock, which is naturally in place and is firm, rigid, andunweathered.

B. Rock excavation will also include the removal and disposal ofconcretepavement, concrete curb & gutter, asphaltic pavement, paver bricks, entrancepavements, sidewalks and all bituminous mix materials, unless specificallyidentified in the bid proposal as a separate bid item.

C. Basis ofPayment. The amount of completed and accepted work shall be paidfor at the Contract unit prices per cubic yard, which prices shall be fullcompensation for all rock excavation, disposal ofwaste materials.

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D. Controlling specifications. All Rock excavation items covered under rockexcavation, which have not been specificallyaddressed in these specificationsshall be controlled by Section 204 ofKDOT Standard Specifications.

5.0 EXCAVATION AND BACKFILLING OF DRAINAGE STRUCTURES

A. The base ofthe inlets shall be excavated according to the outlines of the footingas shown on the Plans and shallbe of sufficient size to permit the placing of theforms without rounded or undercut corners.

B. When unstable or other unsuitable material is encountered below foundation

elevation of the inlet the contractor shall excavate such material and replacewith suitable and stable backfill material. The foundation stabilization,including the degree of instability of the existing material, necessary depth ofexcavation, and the suitabilityof the proposed backfill material, shall beapproved by the Engineer prior to the work.

C. The backfilling ofthe structure shall be done using only approved materials thatwill produce a dense, well-compacted backfill. When possible, the backfillprocedures should be performed by working parallel with the structure. Nobackfilling shall be placed against any structure without the permission of theEngineer. In general, no concrete structure shall be subjected to the pressuresofbackfilling or to live loads until three days after the expiration of the perioddesignated for the removal of forms. At the direction of the Engineer thisperiod may be extended if subnormal curing condition exist. Jetting offills, orother hydraulic methods, involving or likely to involve liquid or semi-liquidpressure shall be prohibited.

D. Surface and subsurface obstructions shall be removed, relocated, reconstructed,or worked around as indicated on the drawings. Definite information is notavailable as to the location ofall subsurface utilities and facilities, and theContractor shall determine their existence and location by hand digging inadvance ofmachine excavation. Before starting work in any area, theContractor shall contact the various utility owners for such information, as theymay be able to provide.

E. The designated time for removal of forms from the day of placing the concreteshall be a minimum offour days and can be extended by the Engineer ifsubnormal curing conditions exist.

F. Controlling Specifications. All grading items covered under excavation andbackfilling of structures, which have not been specifically addressed in thesespecifications, shall be controlled by Section 207 ofKDOT StandardSpecifications.

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6.0 SUBGRADE PREPARATION

A. Sub-grade Preparation. The sub-grade, including that portion of the roadbedupon which the street pavement, the concrete curb & gutter, pavement repairsand the base course are to be placed, and including an area one foot beyond thecurb lines, shall be prepared for subsequent construction as follows:

1. The sub-grade shall be brought to the lines and grades shown on thedrawings, by excavating, embankmentfilling, sprinkling, blading,rolling and scarifying as required until proper grades and crown isobtained. It shall be constructed and compacted so as to provide asmooth, hard, well compacted uniform support over the entire pavementarea, with all irregularities having been bladed out and rolled down.

2. All soft and yielding materials, or any portion of the sub-grade, whichwillnot compactreadily whenrolled or tamped, shall be removed, andloose rock or boulders encountered shall be removed for a depth of atleast six inches below the surface ofthe sub-grade, and such depressionsshall be filled and compacted to grade. Existing compacted earth,gravel, macadam or any other hard materials encountered shallbescarified to a minimum depth of six inches and re-compacted to insure auniform support.

B. Compaction. After the sub-grade has been brought to approximate grade andshape, it shall be scarified to a depth offour inches and rolled with a sheeps-foot tamper type roller with a bearing pressure ofnot less than 200 pounds persquare inch on each foot. Multiple-pneumatic tread rollers having a grossweight ofnot less than 225 pounds per inch ofwidth oftire tread may be usedon sand and gravel, as in the aggregate sub-base, which cannot be compactedsatisfactorily with a sheeps-foot roller. The equipment used for compactionshall be the manufacturer's standard and approved by the Engineer. Portions ofthe sub-grade that cannot be reached with rollers shall be compacted with handpower tampers.

1. Compacting operations shall include adequate blading to insure propershaping of the sub-grade. Each square foot of the sub-grade shall becompacted as may be required until the feet of the roller walk out of thematerial and ride the surface of the compacted sub-grade, as designatedby KDOT specifications Type B MR-90 compaction. The Contractorshall replace any portion of the sub-grade, which becomes displaced ordamaged. When compaction operations have been completed, the entiresub-grade shall be bladed smooth to proper lines and grades and rolledsmooth with a multiple-pneumatic tired roller or 8-to 12-ton smoothroller.

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C. Grading. Excavated areas resulting from removal ofobstructions below finishgrade shall be backfilledand compacted as specifiedfor the area immediatelyadjacent. Excavations along edges of structures or slabs shall be backfilled andcompacted as specifiedfor embankments. Areas between curbs and sidewalklines shall be finished to smooth planes controlled by the location of suchstructures or conforming to typical section. All other slopes shall be leftsmooth and uniform, conforming to typical sections, to grade stakes as set, or tomatch adjacent contours. Areas, which may have been disturbed or affected byconstruction, shall be restored to a condition equal to or better than the original,graded to drain.

D. Over-depth Excavation. Over-depth excavation 1/2-inch or less below sub-grade elevation shall be backfilled with concrete or base course material; over-depth excavation ofgreater depth inay be corrected by backfilling as specifiedfor construction ofembankments; no separate payment will be made for suchadditional materials or for sub-grade correction and restoration.

E. Controlling Specifications. All grading items covered under Sub-gradepreparation, which have not been specifically addressed in these specificationsshall be controlled by Section 210 ofKDOT Standard Specifications.

7.0 EMBANKMENT

A. Approved material, free from objectionable matter, shall be brought toapproximate optimum moisture content then manipulated and compacted touniform density of 87 to 92 percent ofmaximum as determined by KDOTSection 209. Depth of lifts or layers shall be controlled by equipment used andmethods of compaction and shallbe such as to obtain a uniform densitythroughout the entire embankment or fill.

B. Controlling Specifications. All grading items covered under embankment,which have not been specificallyaddressed in these specifications shall becontrolled by Section 209 ofKDOT Standard Specifications.

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#02205

EXCAVATION & TRENCfflNG

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SECTION #02205 - EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

1.0 SCOPE

A. This section covers excavation and trenching work and shall include thenecessary clearing, grubbing, and preparing ofthe site; removal and disposal ofall debris; excavationand trenchingas required; the handling, storage,transportation and disposal ofall excavated material; all necessary sheeting,shoring, and protection work; preparation of sub-grades; pumping arid de-wateringas necessary or required; protection of adjacent property;backfilling;pipe embedment; surfacing and grading; and other pertinent work.

B. Attention is directed to the additional requirements set forth in theSupplemental Specifications.

1.01 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Excavation work shall be performed in a safe and proper manner with suitableprecautions being taken against all hazards. Excavations shall provide adequateworking space and clearances for the work to be performed therein. Shoringwill be required in accordance with current OSHA requirements. At no timewill the contractor perform any excavation work that does not adhere to OSHArequirements.

B. Sub-grade surfaces shall be clean and free of loose material ofany kind whenconcrete is placed thereon.

C. Backfilling and construction of fills and embankments during freezing weathershall not be done except by permission ofthe Engineer. No backfill, fill, orembankment materials shall be installed on frozen surfaces, nor shall frozenmaterials, snow, or ice be placed in any backfill, fill, or embankment.

1.02 CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS

A. No Classification of excavated materials will be made. Excavation and

trenching work shall include the removal and subsequent handling ofallmaterials excavated or otherwise removed in performance of the contract work,regardless ofthe type, character, composition, or condition thereof.

B. Rocks greater than 6 inches in any dimension will not be permitted in backfillplaced between 1 foot above the top of any pipe and 1 foot below the top of thefinished surface. When the trench is wider than 3 feet, rocks not exceeding 12inches in greatest dimensions, which originate from the trench, will be

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permitted in the backfill from 1 foot above the top of any pipe to 5 feet belowthe finished surface. Rocks greater than 2 1/2 inches in any dimension will notbe permitted in backfill within 1 foot ofpavement sub-grade.

Subject to the provisions specified herein, the material obtained from projectexcavations may be used as backfill provided that all organic material, rubbish,debris, and other objectionable materials are first removed. However, brokenPortland cement concrete and bituminous-type pavement obtained from theproject will not be permitted in the backfill.

C. All unauthorized excavation shall be replaced by and at the expense of theContractor in a manner and condition acceptable to the Engineer. In no caseshall unconsolidated material be placed in any portion of the trench.

1.03 REMOVAL OF WATER

A. The Contractor shall provide and maintain adequate dewatering equipment toremove and dispose of all surface and ground water entering excavations,trenches, or other parts of the work. Each excavation shall be kept dry duringsub-grade preparation and continually thereafter until the pipe to be installed,therein is completed to the extent that no damage from hydrostatic pressure,flotation, or other cause will result.

B. All excavations for concrete blocking or trenches which extend down to orbelow static ground water elevations shall be de-watered by lowering andmaintainingthe ground water surface beneath such excavations a distance ofnot less than 12 inches below the bottom ofthe excavation.

C. Surface water shall be diverted or otherwise prevented from entering excavatedareas or trenches to the greatest extent practicable without causing damage tothe adjacent property.

D. The Contractor will be held responsible for the condition of any pipe or conduitwhich he may use for drainage purposes, and all such pipes or conduits shall beleft clean and free of sediment.

1.04 STABILIZATION

A. Sub-grades for concrete blocking and trench bottoms shall be firm, free frommud and muck, and sufficiently stable to remain firm and intact under the feetofthe workmen.

B. Sub-grades for blocking or trench bottoms which are otherwise solid, but whichbecome mucky on top due to construction operations, shall be reinforced with

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one or more layers ofcrushed stone or gravel. Not more than 1/2 inch depth ofmud or muck shall be allowed to remain on stabilized trench bottoms when the

pipe bedding material is placed thereon.

All stabilization work shall be performed by and at the expense of theContractor.

1.05 BEDDING MATERIAL

A. Shall be a coarse sand/gravel with maximum particle size of 1/2" includingvariously graded sands and gravels containing small percentages of fines,generally granular and non-cohesive, either wet or dry. (Designated UD-1 byKDOT Standard Specifications (1990)).

B. If soft, spongy, unstable, or other similarmaterial is encountered upon whichthe bedding material or pipe is to be placed, this unsuitable material shall beremoved to a depth ordered by the Engineer and replaced with mealy soil oradditional bedding material suitablydensified.

C. Bedding material shall first be placed on a firm and unyielding sub-grade sothat the pipe is supported for the full length of the barrel. There shall be aminimum of4 inches ofbedding below the pipe barrel and 1 inch minimumclearance below a project bell. There shall be a minimum of6" bedding alongthe sides ofthe barrel up to the spring-line of the pipe. The contractor may useselect mealy soil or bedding material in the initial backfill. No payment will bemade for additional bedding if the contractor elects to use bedding material inthe initial backfill section.

1.06 TRENCH EXCAVATION

A. The Contractor shall not open more trench in advance ofpipe laying than isnecessary to expedite the work.

B. Shall be by open cuts unless boring is specified on the plans. If rock isencountered, the trench shall be over excavated at least 4 inches. Care shall betaken to avoid over-excavation, except as required to remove unacceptablematerial. Over-excavating shall be corrected by means of the bedding materialas noted above. Compaction shall be in accordance with bedding compaction.

C. The maximum length of open trench shall be 400 feet unless otherwiseapproved by the Engineer. At the end ofeach working day, only a minimallength oftrench shallbe left open. Barricades or warning tape shall be placedaround all open trenches at the end of each working day.

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1.07 ALIGNMENT, GRADE, AND MINIMUM COVER

A. The alignment and grade or elevation of each pipeline shall be fixed anddetermined by means of stakes. Vertical and horizontal alignment of pipes andthe maximum deflection used in connection therewith and shall be in

conformity with requirements of the section covering installation of pipe.

B. Where pipe grades or elevations are not definitely fixed by the contractdrawings, trenches shall be excavatedto a depth sufficient to provide aminimum depth ofbackfill cover over the top ofthe pipe of48 inches.

C. Greater pipe cover depths maybe necessaryon vertical curves or to providenecessary clearance beneath existing pipes, conduits, drains, drainagestructures, or other obstructions encountered at normal pipe grades or toprovidespecified cover after future, street grading cuts. Measurement of pipecover depth shall be made vertically from the outside top ofpipe to originalground or pavement surface elevation.

1.08 LIMITING TRENCH WIDTHS

A. The width of the trench at the top ofthe pipe shallnot be less than 12 inchesnor more than 24 inches wider than the pipe. Trenches shall be excavated to awidth, which will provide adequate working space and pipe clearancesforproper pipe installation,jointing, and embedment. However, the limiting trenchwidths below an elevation 12 inches above the top of the installed pipe andminimum permissibleclearances between the installed pipe and each trenchwall shall be as shown on the Plan Details.

B. Stipulated rninimum clearances are not minimum average clearances, but areminimum clear distances, which will be required.

C. Where necessary to reduce earth load on trench banks to prevent sliding andcaving, banks may be cut back on a 3:1 slope, which shall not extend lowerthan one (1) foot above the top of the pipe.

1.09 UNAUTHORIZED TRENCH WIDTHS

A. Where, for any reason, the width of the lower portion of the trench as excavatedat any point exceeds the maximum permitted, either special pipe embedment orarch concrete encasement, as required by loading conditions and as determinedby the Engineer, shall be furnished and installed at the expense of theContractor.

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1.10 MECHANICAL EXCAVATION

A. When in the opinion ofthe Engineer, the use ofmechanical equipmentwouldcause damage to trees, buildings, culverts, or other existing property, utilities,or structures above or below ground, such usage will not be permitted. In allsuch locations, hand excavating methods shall be used.

B. Mechanical equipment used for trench excavation shall be ofa type, design, andconstruction, and shall be so operated, that the rough trench excavation bottomelevation can be controlled, that uniform trench widths and vertical sidewallsare obtained at least from an elevation one (1) foot above the top of the installedpipe to the bottom ofthe trench, and the pipe will be centered in the trench withadequate clearance between the pipe and sidewalls of the trench. Undercuttingthe trench sidewall to obtain clearance will not be permitted.

C. All mechanical trenching equipment, its operating condition, and the mannerofits operation shallbe subject at all times to the approval of the Engineer.

1.11 CUTTING CONCRETE AND ASPHALT SURFACES

A. Concrete and asphalt pavement over trenches excavated for pipelines shallberemoved so that a shoulder not less than 12 inches in width at any point is leftbetween the cut edge of the pavement and the top edge ofthe trench. Trenchwidth at the bottom shall not be greater than at the top and no undercutting willbe permitted. Pavement cuts shall be made to and between straight oraccurately marked curved lines, which, unless otherwise required, shall beparallel to the centerline of the trench.

B. Cutting shall be started with a concrete saw in a manner, which will provide aclean groove at least 1-1/2 inches deep along each side of the trench.

C. Where the trench parallels the length of concrete walks and the trench locationis all or partially under the walk, the entire walk shall be removed and replaced.Where the trench crosses drives, walks, curbs, or other surface construction, thesurface construction shall be removed and replaced between existing joints orbetween saw cuts as specified for pavement.

D. Payment for asphalt or concrete replacement shall be subsidiary to otherconstruction, unless specifically shown in the project quantities.

1.12 BACKFILL AND COMPACTION

A. The trench shall be backfilled in three zones: Bedding, Lower Backfill, andUpper Backfill:

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1. Bedding:

Shall be as shown in bedding section above and shall be placed prior tolaying the pipe.

2. Lower Backfill:

After laying the pipe, backfillto the spring line shall be with beddingmaterial and shall be compacted as per Engineer's requirements.Backfill to a level ofone foot above the pipe may be either beddingmaterial or damp mealy soil from excavation. Use little or no tamping ofthe initial backfill directly over the top of the pipe.

3. Upper Backfill Under Roadway:

Backfill material shall be moist, mealy soil as approved by the Engineer.Material shallbe placed in layers as shown in the Section 1.12 Bl, B2 &B3, or less and thoroughly compacted to density of 90% or greater. Inlieu ofthis method, the Contractor with the City's approval may useflowable concrete backfill. Ifused, the mix design must have a compressive strength of 75-175 psi, and the mix design must be approval bythe Engineer. The backfillprocedure shall continue to an elevation of6" below the road surface. The pavement repair shall be as per asphaltsection or concrete section ofthe specifications. The backfill shallinclude no rocks greater than that specified in Section 1.02 (B).

4. Entire upper portion oftrenches at all other locations:

Backfill material shall be compacted to a density of the adjacentundisturbed soil. Mechanical compaction shall be required to obtainthis density.

B. Backfill shall be mechanically compacted by means of tamping rollers, sheeps-foot rollers, pneumatic tire roller, vibrating rollers, or other mechanical tampers.All such equipment shall be ofa size and type approved by the Engineer.Impact-type breakers (stompers) will not be permitted over clay, plastic, castiron, or non-reinforced concrete pipe. Permission to use specific compactionequipment shall be construed as quaranteeing or implying that the use of suchequipment will not result in damage to adjacent ground, existing improvements,or improvements installed under the contract. The Contractor shall make itsown determination in this regard. Material for mechanically compacted backfillshall be placed in lifts, which prior to compaction, shall not exceed thethickness specified below for the various types of equipment.

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1. Vibratory equipment, including vibratory plates, vibratory smooth-wheel rollers, and vibratory pneumatic-tired rollers - maximum liftthickness of2 feet.

2. Rolling equipment, including sheeps-foot (both vibratory and non-vibratory), grid, smooth-wheel (non-vibratory), pneumatic-tired (non-vibratory), and segmented wheels - maximum lift thickness of 1 foot.

3. Hand-directed mechanical tampers - maximum lift thickness of4inches.

Mechanically compacted backfill shall be placed in horizontal layers ofthickness, (not exceeding those specified in Sect. 1.12 (B1-B3)), compatible tothe material being placed and the type of equipment being used. Each layershallbe evenly spread, moistened (or dried, if necessary), and then tamped orrolled until the specified relative compaction has been attained.

1.13 DRAINAGE MAINTENANCE

A. Trenches across roadways, driveways, walks, or other traffic-ways adjacent todrainage ditches or watercourses shall not be backfilled prior to completion ofbackfilling the trench on the upstream side. Backfilling shall be done so thatwater will not accumulate in unfilled or partially filled trenches. All materialdeposited in roadway ditches or other water courses crossed by the line oftrench shall be removed immediately after backfilling is completed and theoriginal section, grades, contours of ditches, or water courses shall be restored.Surface drainage shall not be obstructed longer than necessary.

1.14 DISPOSAL OF EXCESS EXCAVATED MATERIALS

A. Excess earth from excavations shall be disposed of at a site provided by theContractor and approved ofby the Engineer. Except as otherwise provided, nowaste ofexcess excavation will be permitted on the construction site.

B. Broken concrete and other debris resulting from pavement or sidewalk removal,excavated rock in excess of the amount permitted to be and actually installed intrench backfill, junk and debris encountered in excavation work, and othersimilar waste materials shall be disposed of away from the site of the work.

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1.15 BACKFILL SETTLEMENT

A. The Contractor shall be responsible for all settlement ofbackfillwhich mayoccur within one (1) year after final completion ofthe contract under which thebackfilling work was performed.

B. The Contractor shall make, or cause to be made, all necessary backfillreplacements and repairs or replacements appurtenant thereto, within 30 daysafter notice by the Engineer or Owner.

1.16 BORING

A. Any boring shall be accomplished by a dry method. The use ofjetting will notbe permitted. If excess voids are produced, the Contractor shall take promptremedial action to correct. If for any reason, a borehole is abandoned, theContractor shall immediately fill with pressure grouting all voids. See sectionon Boring and Encasement for more details.

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#02271 SLOPE PROTECTION

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SPECIFICATIONS FOR SLOPE PROTECTION

1.0 GENERAL

This work shall consist offurnishing and placing rock to protect bridge berms,fill slopes and/or channel banks in accordance with the Specifications, as shownon the Plans or as directed by the EngineerBID ITEMS

Slope Protection (*)* Thickness in Inches

2.0 MATERIALS

A. AGGREGATE. The aggregate shall conform to the Stone for Ditch Liningrequirements as shown in table below.

B. CONCRETE RUBBLE. Unless otherwise noted on the Plans, and if approvedby the Engineer, the Contractor may use concrete rubble entirely or incombination with the aggregate designated. If concrete rubble is used, thegradation requirements will be determined by visual inspection. Concreterubble shall be broken concrete from existing structures; all asphalt overlaysand patches shall be removed from the structure prior to concrete removal. Theasphalt shall be wasted on sites provided by the Contractor and approved by theEngineer. Protruding reinforcing steel in the broken concrete shall be cut offand removed.

3.0 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

A. The slope protection shall be placed in such a manner as to produce areasonably well-graded mass ofrock with the minimum practicable percentageofvoids, and shall be constructed within the specified tolerance to the lines andgrades shown on the Plans or staked in the field. A tolerance ofplus 6 inchesfrom the slope lines and grades shown on the Plans will be allowed in thefinished surface. It shallbe placed to its full course thickness in one operation,unless otherwise noted on the Plans, and the larger rocks shall be welldistributed. The finished slope protections shall be free from objectionablepockets of small rocks and clusters of larger rocks. Placing rocks by dumpinginto chutes or by similar methods likely to cause segregation ofthe varioussizeswill not be permitted. Spreadingof rocks shallnot be permitted by heavyequipment working upon the slope protection unless approved by the Engineer.The distribution of the various sizes ofrock throughout the mass shall beobtained by selective loading ofthe material at the quarry or other source, by

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controlled dumping of successive loads during final placing, or by othermethods ofplacement, whichwill produce the specified results. Rearranging ofindividual rocks by mechanical equipment or by hand will be required to theextent necessary to obtain the reasonably well-graded distribution of rock sizes.Oversize rocks shall not be placed on the slope, and ifplaced, shall be removed.The Contractor shallmaintainthe slope protection until accepted and anmaterial displaced by any cause shall be replaced at his expense.

4.0 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

Slope protection shall be measured by the cubic yard acceptably placed ascomputed from neat lines and grades indicated on the Plans. No measurementwill be made of any excavation or backfill necessaryto complete the work.

5.0 BASIS OF PAYMENT

A. The amount of completed and accepted work, measured as provided above,shall be paid for at the Contract unit price per cubic yard for "Slope Protection".No payment will be made for excess thickness nor for material required toreplace material by rain, wash, erosion, or otherwise, except for additionalmaterial ordered in writing by the Engineer.

6.0 GRADATION OF MATERIAL

A. Material shall closely meet the following gradations. Materialwillbe visuallyinspected for compliance.

STONE FOR AGGREGATE DITCH LINING

Percent Retained on Sieve Size

6" 5" 4" 3" 2" 1"

0/40 15/50 30/70 45/80 80/100 95/100

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SPECIFICATIONS

FOR

CURB AND GUTTER

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#02525 CONCRETE CURB & GUTTER

1.0 Scope

A. This sections covers combined curb & gutter, lay-down curb & gutter and otherspecial types of curb & guttering. All curb & gutters shall conform to detaileddrawings, and shall be constructed at indicated locations and to designated linesand grades.

2.0 Excavation

A. Shall allow full thickness of concrete and permit installation of forms. Any fillsrequired shallbe at least one foot wider than the curb & gutter section,constructed in six inch lifts; each lift moistened and compacted to a density notless that ofadjacent undisturbed soil. Sub-grade shall be in a uniformlymoistcondition when concrete is placed. All loose or unconsolidated material shallberemoved from areas on which concrete is to be placed.

3.0 Forms

A. Shall extend the full depth of the curb & gutter; properly shaped and free fromknots, dents or other imperfections. They shall be set true to line and grade;attached securely to stakes and braced rigidly to prevent movement of distortionwhile placing and tamping concrete. Forms shall be cleaned thoroughly andoiled before each use. All changes in direction shall be true circular curves.

4.0 Joints

A. Shallbe straight, plumb and at true right angles to the back of curb; shall extendentirely through concrete from top to bottom and toe to back.

1. Expansion Joints: Shallconformto typical details, and shallbeconstructed where curbs and gutters abut an existing structure; at eachside of catch basins and inlets; at tangent points of all curves; atdriveways and entrances; and at intervals not exceeding sixty feet instraight runs. Expansion joints shall be finished and sealed as hereinafterspecified. Preformed expansion joint filler shall conform torequirements of sections entitled "Concrete for Curb & Gutter, etc." and"Expansion Joint Filler".

a. Where concrete curb & gutter is made monolithic with concretepavement, there will be no expansion joints installed at the sixty-

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foot intervals as mentioned above. However, there will be stillbe expansion joints installed at inlets, catch basins, and wherenew curb & gutter abuts existing curb & gutter.

2. Block Joints: All curb and gutter shall be divided into blocks orsections approximately ten feet in length. Location of block joint shallcoincide with block joints in other concrete pavement if placed betweenopposite sides ofthe pavement. Sidewalk or entrance pavement jointsshall coincide with the joints in the concrete curb & gutter unlessapproved by the engineer otherwise. All block joints shall extendthrough the entire concrete from top to bottom and from toe to back.

5.0 Private Entrances x

A. Shall be constructed where required or directed. No extra or separated paymentwill be made for private entrances unless their listed as a bid item.

B. The normal stand-up curb section shall be laid down across the width of theentrance with a five-foot transition section on each side of the entrance bringingthe lay-down curb back up to the normal stand-up curb profile.

6.0 Concrete

A. Shall conform to section entitled "Concrete for Curb & Gutter, Sidewalks,Entrance Pavement, etc." and/or "Classification & Proportioning for Concrete".

7.0 Finishing

A. Shall be done with metal screeds or mules formed to the shape and dimensionsof the curb and gutter section. The forward edge (toe) shall be belled slightly toavoid tearing concrete. Screed shall be designed to ride the forms and, whenmanipulated properly, shall leave the finish surface in proper shape andcondition. A steel S-trowel shall be used to provide final finish, minorimperfections being corrected by used ofa mason's trowel. Particular care shallbe used to finish gutter flow-line to a true and uniform grade. The back ofthecurb and toe ofgutter shallbe finished with an edger.

B. After the concrete has lost it's "wet-look" and before the initial set the exposedsurfaces shall receive a light broom finish. All other types of finishes willrequire the Engineer's approval.

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8.0 Curing and Protection

A. Shall conform to sections entitled "Concrete for Curb & Gutter, Sidewalks,Entrance Pavements, etc." and/or "Classification & Proportioning forConcrete".

9.0 Maintenance of Sub-grade

A. After the roadbed has been prepared, it shall be maintained true to cross sectionand grade until the new construction is completed. The roadbed of the entireproject shall be maintained by the Contractor from the time the work is started,until covered with base course or curb and gutter. Sufficient drains shall be cutthrough excavated material to drau\the roadbed completely at all times.

10.0 Existing Conditions

A. Where new construction joins existing curb and gutter of different pattern or adifferent flow-line elevation, flow-line elevation shall be adjusted to provideproper drainage and new construction shall be formed to match existingimprovement, using a transition section not less than three feet long unlessotherwise detailed.

11.0 Spoil Areas

A. All excess excavated materials shall be transported, placed and spread indesignated spoil areas. Upon completion of the project, spoil areas shall besmoothed, graded to drain, and the entire areas used by the Contractor trimmedto present a neat and finished appearance.

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#02555

BITUMINUOUS

SURFACING

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I SECTION #02555 -BITUMINOUS SURFACING CONSTRUCTION

• 1.0 GENERAL

B A. Refer to Section GS - General Specifications.

I 1.01 DESCRIPTION

I A. Description: This work shall consist of a course(s) ofBituminous Mixture(s)conforming to the KDOT designation Commercial Grade BM-2 in accordancewith Section 600 of the KDOT Standard Specifications, 1980 Edition, except asmodified herein and/or on the Plans.

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|A. Construction Requirements: Aggregates for the bituminous mix shall conform

I to Section 1100 ofthe noted KDOT Specification: Bituminous Materials shallconform to Section 1200 ofnoted specifications.

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1.02 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

1.03 QUALITY

A. Quality ofIndividual Aggregates:

1. The minimum soundness shall be 0.90.

2. The maximum wear shall be 40%.

3. The maximum absorption shall be 4.0%.

1.04 COMPOSITION

A. Composition ofMix: The mix shall be composed of any combination ofaggregates and mineral filler meeting the requirements ofTable 5 in Section1103 of the said KDOT Specifications.

1.05 GRADATION

A. Aggregates and the mineral filler shall be uniformly mixed and graded byweight to within the limits of the following:

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U.S. Std. Sieve Percent Retained

3/4" 0

3/8" 10-40

#4

#8 42-72

#16

#30 64-88

#50

#100

#200 (wash & screen) 90-96

200 (dry) 90-96

Plastic Index, Max=6 Moisture in Final Mix, Max=0.7%

B. The amount ofmaterial between any two successive sieves in the followingseries shall not be less than 3% or more than 23%. Numbers 4, 8, 16, 30, 50

1.06 ASPHALT CEMENT

A. The Asphalt Cement supplied shall be ofuniform consistency, free from waterto the extent that it will not foam when heated to 350 degrees F., and shallconform to all requirements ofthe grade designation AC-5 or VAC-10 asshown on Section 1201 of the above noted KDOT Specifications. TheContractor may use either AC-5 or VAC-10 but must use only one grade for theentire project. The content rate shown on the plans is approximate and shall beused for comparing bids. The Engineer will establish the actual rate prior toconstruction and may modify the rate during construction.

1.07 EQUIPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES

A. All equipment shall meet the requirements ofnoted KDOT Specifications,Section 601, except as approved by the Engineer. All equipment shall be ofgood working order and ofa condition to produce work in accordance with theContract Documents.

B. Stationary Mixing Plant: This plant shall be a pugmill or rotary drum type,equipped with weight batch hoppers or orifice feed from each bin with controlsto accurately measure the amount ofeach separate aggregate and mineral fillerto be incorporated into the mix. The equipment shall provide for the heating ofaggregates and bituminous material to predetermined temperatures, and shall bedesigned to thoroughly mix the bituminous material with the aggregates.Mixing shall continue for at least 30 seconds and until the material is uniformin color, thoroughly coated, and is free from oil boils.

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C. Transportation Equipment: The bituminous mixture shall be transported fromthe plant to the point ofuse in trucks having tight bodies, clean of foreignmaterials. The inside surface ofthe bodies may be lightly coated as approvedby the Engineer to reduce adhesion. Excessiveuse oflubricant or the use ofgasoline, diesel, or similar products will not be permitted. When there isexcessive heat loss during transportation, the Contractor may be required tocover the material so as to adequately reduce heat loss. In all cases, thetemperature ofthe mix a time of placement shall be within the range of225-290degrees F.

D. Laydown: The surface ofthe base course shallbe swept clean with a powerbroom accompanied by a power blower and/or hand sweeping as necessary,prior to the placement of the surfacecourse. The Tack Coat shallbe applied asper the section herein referred to a§ "Tack Coat". Equipment for spreading,shaping, and finishing bituminous paving mixture shallconsist of an approvedself-contained power machine suitablyequipped and operated to obtain afinished course ofproper depth, grade, and surface. The speed ofthe machineshall be regulated so that the pavement is smooth, has required grade and depth,and conforms to the designated cross section. The mixture shall be placed instrips approximately 14 feet wide. After the first strip has been compacted, thesecond strip shall be placed. Where use of a spreading machine is impractical,the material shall be dumped on approved boards outside the paving area, andspread with hot shovels and rakes into a loose layer of such depth that, whencompacted, will finish at the required grade and thickness.

E. Compaction: While the mixture is still hot, it shall be compacted by rollingwith self propelled 3-axle rollers weighing not less than 10 tons, or tandemrollers weighingnot less than 8 tons. Rollingshallbegin as soon afterspreading as the materialwill bear the roller without causing undue displacement or cracking. Rolling shall start longitudinally at the sides ofthe lanes andproceed toward the center ofthe pavement, overlapping on each successive tripby at least one half the width of the roller. Alternate trips of rollers shall be ofslightlydifferent lengths. The mixture shall be subjected to diagonal rollingcrossing lines of the first trips. Motion of the roller shall at all times be slowenough to avoid displacement of the mixture. Any displacement occurring as aresult of reversing action of the roller, or any other cause, shall be corrected tothe satisfaction of the Engineer. Sufficient rollers shall be furnished to handlethe output of the plant. Rolling shall continue until all roller marks areeliminated and a density ofat least 95 percent of theoretical maximum densityis obtained.

1. To prevent adhesion ofthe mixture to the roller, the wheels shall beproperly moistened. Excess water will not be permitted. Rollers shallbe kept in good condition and shall be operated by competent andexperienced operators. In places not accessible to the roller, the mixtureshall be compacted by hot hand tampers weighing not less than 25

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1.08 JOINTS

pounds and with a tamping face area ofnot less than 50 square inches.Skin patching on an area that has been rolled will not be permitted. Anymaterial that has become contaminated or is in any way defective, shallbe removed, replaced with fresh material, and compacted to thespecified density.

A. All joints shall present the same texture, density, and smoothness as othersections of the course. Placing of any course shall be as nearly continuous aspossible. Rolling shall pass over unprotected ends offreshly laid material onlywhen laying of the course is to be discontinued. In such cases, provisions shallbe made for proper bond by cutting.back the joint to expose an even verticalsurface for the full depth of the course. Exposed edges shall be given a lightcoat ofbituminous tack. Fresh material shall be raked against the joints,thoroughly tamped and rolled.

1.09 SMOOTHNESS TESTS

A. The finished surface ofthe surface course shall not vary more than 1/4" whenmeasured by a 10-foot straightedge applied parallel to the centerline. Nonconformity with specified crown and grade shall be corrected by removing oradding material. After final rolling, smoothness shall again be checked.Irregularities that exceed specified tolerances shall be removed and replacedwith new materials.

1.10 PAYMENT

A. Payment: Payments for materials shall be made by the contract unit prices.This price shall be full compensation for the furnishing ofmaterials, labor,storing, hauling, equipment, tools, supplies, and for all risks, loss, damage, orany expense arising out of the nature of the work. No payment will be made forwasted material. Ifthere is no contract unit for asphalt work, then this itemshall be considered subsidiary to all other work.

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