Borders and Powers

Vocabulary• Complete the circle maps on the front page of

your notes packet. The dictionary definition of the words are on the following slide.

• Political power – power to control or force behavior.

• Political region – area that a government controls.

• Borders – boundaries between the countries.

Levels of Government• Each country usually has several levels of

government such as cities, counties, states (provinces).

• This creates overlapping governments.• For example…In Houston, Texas citizens belong to

o The city governmento The county government – Harris Countyo The state governmento The national government

• Which government trumps all the others?o National Government

BORDERS• Sovereign government – is not subject to any

higher governmental authority.

• Who decides where the borders are for each country?o Physical features are the first step o But boundaries are often the product of

historical circumstances or political agreements.

United States Boundaries

• Eastern border – set by geography…the Atlantic Ocean.

• Western border continually shifted . • On your map in your notes color it the following way.

o • Color the Original 13 States – REDo • Color the United States addition due to the Treaty of Paris in 1783

– Blueo • Color the Louisiana Purchase in which they bought Louisiana from

France – Yellowo • Color the Florida Cession in which the United States bought

Florida from Spain –Greeno • Color the territory ceded by Great Britain – Orangeo • Color the Annexation of Texas – PURPLEo • Color the Oregon Territory – Browno • Color the territories gained in the Mexican Cession – Pinko Color the territories gained in the Webster- Ashburton Treaty – Blacko Color the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 - Teal

MEXICO• Between 1800 and 300 BCE Mexico was home to

several Mesoamerican civilizationso Olmecso Teotihuacanso Mayaso Toltecso Aztecs

• In the early 1500s Hernan Cortes, a Spanish explorer, led a small army of conquistadors to conquer the ruling Aztec civilization. o The territory was named New Spain. o It was colonized and became a part of the Spanish Empire.

MEXICO• 1821 – Mexico received its independence from

Spain• Texas broke free from Mexico in 1836. • 1846 – Border dispute between the United States

and Mexico led to war and Mexico surrendered nearly half of its land to the United States, including California and New Mexico.

• 1854 – United States purchased parts of Arizona and New Mexico, known as the Gadsden Purchase.

Pre-Colombian Mexico

New Spain 1786 - 1821

Vice Royalty of New Spain 1824

Mexico Today

Europe• Some countries lack good natural

borders.• Historical events have changed

the borders and names of some countries. o World War I and IIo Franco-Prussian War