Bordeaux vs Burgundy debate
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Transcript of Bordeaux vs Burgundy debate
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Wine Science Debate :
Bordeaux VS Burgundy
Ponchaut Benjamin Lamas Bertille Lucet Valentin CMH3
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Introduction
Bordeaux Vs Burgundy is a complex subject because there are the two best and
biggest wine region in France and probably in the world.
We have chosen this topic because every diner you have you can hear “I prefer wine
Burgundy” or “no, wine Bordeaux is better”…so we wanted to learn more about the subject
and understand the different taste, cepages and atmosphere about the two different regions.
First of all, we are going to present you the Burgundy region, then the Bordeaux Region.
At the end, we are going to explain those wines with a tasting debate of a Château Tour
Prignac, Domaine Castel Cru Bourgeois (Bordeaux), and a Côte de Beaune Village, domaine
Pierre Ponnelle. (Burgundy)
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The Burgundy vineyard
1) History
Located in the east part of France, Burgundy wines have been created in around 2 centuries before Christ, but have been renown around the 6th century, when the Moines benedictions and Cistercians. They worked on the vinifaction and wanted to create something new and special. They tried to create a particular cepage for a particular wine. They searched the perfection. The most important thing that Moines have created is the notion of « Climates ». it gives a particularity and a name to each clos and part of vineyard as Le Clos Vougeot, Vosne-Romanée Les Suchot, Chambolle Musigny les Amoureuses. Each wine has its particulary as chambolle musigny, which we can define as a Wine for girls, because it is really flavoured, no tannins, a beautiful colour. It is a wine who have a lot of character but easy to understand and appreciate.
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In the Second The Burgundy Ducs have an important impact on the wine and the quality. The history permitted to develop the vineyards after the wedding of Phlippe le Hardi and Marguerite de Flandres, his wife. The quality reached by the Moines has been developed and explain to the rest of the world. It had as a consequence that the wine was a fashion product and really good appreciated all over world. The Beaune’s Wines were rewarded as the best wines of the world in the X century. In the eighteenth century people tryed to export wines and had developed a new brand on the wine. Exportations were difficult with burgundy wines because it was wine that has to be drunk in the year. They created wine able to travel a long time. In 1875, phyloxera has destroyed the entire vineyard in burgundy. All the vineyards in burgundy where destroyed by the problem. They had to build something new. It was on this time that the monocepage production was decided. In 1935, an AOC control has been created to protect burgundy wines.
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2)The terroir
Between Paris and Lyon, the Burgundy Vineyard has a superficy of 25000 hectares. It is 99 appellations of red and white wine, and some of those one are really known all over the World. Soils are composed of Clay, limestone and marne. Soils are really dry and give wines, which are bodied, flavoured. The climate is continental with a cold winter and a warm summer.
In Burgundy, production is around 180 millions of bottles, with 65% of white wines and 35% of red wine. The production corresponds to 6% of good wines in France, and 3% of the table wines in France. 3% de la production de vin en France - 6% de la production de vin de qualité en France
3) The Burgundy Winemaking Burgundy winemakers are specially working on a monocepage winemaking. For red wines they use Pinot noir and Chardonnay for white wines. Harvest: Ususally between the end of August and September. Crushing: Grapes are separated of their cluster, and put in tanks. Alcoholique fermentation: Yeast and sugar which are in the grapes are creating alcohol. The alcoholic fermentation is done at around 32°C.
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Maceration: this is a period of 3 weeks where the juice becomes alcohol and the skin of the grape is giving the colour to the wine. The quality of the wine depends on the quality of the wine maker. Racking: The wine and the marc are separated Fermentation Malo-lactique: this is the period when the malique acids become lactique acids and carbonic gaz. This fermentation is done in a Tank at around 18 °C Stabilisation: at this period of the wine making, the wine is put in new oaks barrels to clarify and olding. Normally it is around 1 year before bottling. We remind you that burgundy red wines are done with Pinot noir only.
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The Bordeaux vineyard
Bordeaux has about 116,160 hectares (287,000 acres) of vineyards, 57 appellations, 10,000 wine-‐producing châteaux and 13,000 grape growers. With an annual production of approximately 960 million bottles, Bordeaux produces large quantities of everyday wine as well as some of the most expensive wines in the world. Included among the latter are the area's five premier cru red wines (four from Médoc and one, Château Haut-‐Brion, from Graves), established by the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855: The first growths are:
• Château Lafite-‐Rothschild • Château Margaux • Château Latour • Château Haut-‐Brion • Château Mouton-‐Rothschild
In 1855 Mouton-‐Rothschild was ranked a Second Growth. In 1973, it was elevated to First Growth status. Grapes Both red and white wines are made in Bordeaux. Red Bordeaux is called claret in the United Kingdom. Red wines are generally made from a blend of grapes, and may be made from Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit verdot, Malbec, and, less commonly in recent years, Carménère. White Bordeaux is made from Sauvignon blanc, Sémillon, and Muscadelle. Sauternes is a subregion of Graves known for its intensely sweet, white, dessert wines such as Château d'Yquem. Because of a wine lake in the generic production, the price squeeze induced by an increasingly strong international competition, and vine pull schemes, the number of growers has recently dropped from 14,000 and the area under vine has also decreased significantly. In the meanwhile however, the global demand for the first growths and the most famous labels markedly increased and their prices skyrocketed.
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The Bordeaux Region and Appellation
• The Médoc appellations
o Médoc AOC o Haut-‐Médoc AOC o Saint-‐Estèphe AOC o Pauillac AOC o Saint-‐Julien AOC o Listrac-‐Médoc AOC o Moulis-‐en-‐Médoc AOC o Margaux AOC
• Graves AOC
o Pessac-‐Léognan AOC o Cérons AOC
o Barsac AOC o Sauternes AOC
• The Libournais appellations
o Saint-Émilion AOC o Montagne-Saint-Émilion
AOC o Saint-Georges-Saint-
Émilion AOC o Lussac-Saint-Émilion AOC o Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion
AOC o Pomerol AOC o Lalande-de-Pomerol AOC o Fronsac AOC
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o Canon-Fronsac AOC o Néac AOC o Côtes-de-Castillon AOC o Bordeaux-Côtes-de-Franc
AOC
• The Blayais-Bourgeais appellations
o Côtes-de-Blaye o Premières-côtes-de-Blaye o Côtes-de-Bourg
• The Entre-Deux-Mers appellations
o Entre-Deux-Mers AOC o Graves de Vayres AOC o Premières Côtes de
Bordeaux AOC o Cadillac AOC o Loupiac AOC o Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AOC o Haut-Benauge AOC o Côtes-de-Bordeaux-Saint-
Macaire AOC o Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOC
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Wine tasting
We decided to compare one Red wine from Bordeaux and one from Burgundy. Choose the year 2007, the same price, around 12 euros. The bordeaux is a Château Tour Prignac, Domaine Castel Cru Bourgeois, and the burgundy wine is a côte de Beaune Village, domaine Pierre Ponnelle.
Bordeaux Burgundy
Colour Warm red, grenat Ruby, tuile
Noze Really expressive expressive
Mouth Powerful, astringent Flowing, Flexible
Noze flavours Mushrooms, alcohol, pheasant, réglisse
strawberry, fleurs, cherry,
Mouth Flavours Cacao amer Wood, blackberry
Note 6,5 7,5
Conclusion To sum up this tasting between the 2 most important wine regions in France, we tried to identify both of the two wines in term of aspect, olfactive, gustative senses. After this tasting, we should say that both are winners because they propose different tastes and flavours for the same price and vintage. Each one is done for a different type of customer. One (the Côte de Beaune) will be more for persons who want something sweet and fruity and floral wine, whereas the Bordeaux is for persons who are looking for a strong wine, with tannins and complexity. For us there are no bad wines, just bad producers.
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Sources http://www.cellierdebourgogne.com/fr/histoire.html http://www.domaine-chorey.com/vignoble.htm http://www.terroirs-france.com/vin/bourgogne_histoire.htm http://www.vins-bourgogne.fr/connaitre/la-terre-de-bourgogne/l-histoire/les-dates-de-l-histoire-des-vins-de-bourgogne,14,104.html http://www.visionbourgogne.com/wine/le-vin-de-bourgogne-assure-le-plus-long-regne-de-lhistoire Le caviste Nicolas