Glossary

Adapt Change to suit a particular situation

Carnivore An animal that eats other animals

Chlorophyll The green substance found in the leaves of green plants- It can take sunlight and make food for the plant

Consumer An organism that eats other things to live

Environment The conditions surrounding the living things

Fertilizer A material that contains minerals and nutrients to help plants to grow

Habitat A place where a plant or animal lives

Herbivore An animal that eats only plants

Key A way of identifying an object through a series of questions

Minerals Substances that plants and animals need to grow well

Nutrients Like minerals, substances that allow plants and animals to grow well

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants take air and water in the presence of sunlight to make food for the plat

Predator An animal that hunts other animals for food

Prey An animal that is hunted by a predator

Producer A plant is a producer because it makes its own food

Soil The earth in which most plants grow

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Life Processes

There are seven essential life processes. To remember these processes meet our little blue woman MRS. NERG.

But what do all the letters in her name stand for?

M MovementR RespirationS SensitivityN NutritionE ExcretionR ReproductionG Growth

M= Movement Living things are able to move about. Animals move from place to place. Plants move by responding to light.

R= Respiration Living things need energy to carry out the functions that keep them alive. Respiration is the process by which food is turned into energy.

S= Sensitivity Living things notice and react to changes in their surroundings. They can respond to light, heat, sound, taste, sight or touch.

N= Nutrition Living things need to take in food so that respiration can occur. Nutrients in food help to build, maintain and repair the organism.

E= Excretion Living things have to get rid of unwanted waste products.

R= Reproduction Living things produce offspring. Reproduction continues the survival of each species.

G= Growth Living things grow, increasing in size and complexity.

All living things carry out the essential seven life processes.

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Life Processes

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Life Processes

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Growing Plants

Plant Parts

Flower Parts

Plants need:

Water- Air- Sunlight- Good soil

Photosynthesis:

Carbon dioxide+ Water Oxygen+ Glucose

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Leaf Traps sunlight and makes food for the

plant in the process of photosynthesis

Stem Holds the plant upright Transfers water and nutrients from the

root to all plant partsFlower Makes new plant (Reproduction)

Root Anchors the plant in soil Absorbs water and nutrients from the

soil

The Scientific Method

How can you design an experiment to evaluate the importance of sunlight to plants?

1. Bring 2 plant pots.2. The 2 pots should be the same size, having the same amount and kind of clay.3. Plant 1 plant in each pot.4. Plants have to be from the same kind and size.5. Keep one plant in a cupboard, and keep the other in sunlight.6. Keep the cupboard opened to make sure the plant gets enough air.7. Water the 2 plants daily for 3 weeks.8. Record your observations.

Was this a fair experiment? Why?

Yes, because all factors were kept the same except sunlight, which is the factor to be tested which is sunlight.

What is the variable in this experiment?

The one thing that we change: Sunlight

Now can you design an experiment to evaluate the importance of air (Carbon dioxide) to plants?

1. __________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________4. __________________________________________________________________________________5. __________________________________________________________________________________6. __________________________________________________________________________________7. __________________________________________________________________________________8. __________________________________________________________________________________

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Growing Plants

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Growing Plants

Label the Plants

1) Label the different parts of the plants:

2) Complete the following table:

Part of Plant What does this part do for the plant?

Roots

Stem

Leaves

Flowers

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Growing Plants

Photosynthesis

(Fill in the gaps with these words.)

Sunlight Chlorophyll Producers Sugar

Oxygen Animals Glucose Carbon

Green plants are __________. This means that they can survive without _________. They need simple things like __________-dioxide and water and can make complex things like _________, starch, fat and proteins. When plants are in sunlight they can make a sugar called __________. The __________ gets trapped in a chemical called Chlorophyll. __________ is what makes the plant green. When plants use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose there is a lot of __________ left over.

Photosynthesis Equation:

_________+____________ ___________ + ___________

So photosynthesis needs:

1. ________________

2. ________________

3. Light energy

4. Chlorophyll

Photosynthesis produces:

1. ____________

2. ____________

Photosynthesis is essential for __________ and takes place in _________.

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Using Keys

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Using Keys

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Using Keys

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Habitats and Adaptation

Desert habitat

Adaptations are special characteristics that an organism is born with and which enable it to survive in its natural habitat. Adaptations are not developed in the course of an organism's life. The following adaptations show that the camel and cactus plant are specially suited to live in the desert.

Camel Adaptations

Feature/ Adaptation Benefit/ Function

Two rows of long eyelashesProtect against blowing sand and the sun

Fat stored in hump(s) Help it to survive long periods without food and water

Thick leathery patches on knees Protect it from getting burn when it kneels on the hot desert sand

Broad, flat, leathery pads at the bottom of their hooves

Pads spread out when the camel places its feet on the ground thus creating a "snowshoe effect" and preventing the camel from sinking into the sand

Nostrils can be closed Keep out blowing sand

Thick fur and underwoolProvide warmth during cold desert nights and insulation against daytime heat

Long strong legsHelp carry heavy loads over long distances and keep its body further away from the hot sand

Cactus Adaptations

Feature/ Adaptation Benefit/ Function

Long wide stem Can store water

Shallow spread roots Can collect any traces of water

Spines instead of leaves Prevents water lossProtects it from predators.

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Habitats and Adaptation

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Habitats and Adaptation

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Habitats and Adaptation

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Primary consumers(Herbivores) Eat Producers

WORM

They include all green plants. Secondary consumers(Carnivores) Eat Herbivores

TURTLE

Tertiary Consumers Eat carnivores

EAGLE

Food Chains

Soil Types:

Soil is formed as a mixture of tiny rock particles from weathering of larger rocks, organic matter called humus and water.

Sandy Soil: Large particles about 0.2 mm, easy to cultivate, contains air, which helps root growth but lacks minerals which are washed out of the soil.

Clay Soil: Tiny particles about 0.002 mm, difficult to cultivate, lacks air, may become waterlogged, but is rich in minerals that remain in the soil.

Loam: Mixture of sand and clay soil, has different particle sizes, combines the properties of both soils. It is ideal for plant growth.

2 Plants cultivated in 2 different soil types

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Autotrophs

Producers

Organisms that make their

Heterotrophs

Consumers

Food Chains

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Food Chains

A diet is not only something you go on to slim!

Scientists use the word ‘diet’ to mean everything an animal eats.

What to do

Some animals only eat plants. They are called herbivores.

Some animals only eat meat. They are called carnivores.

Some animals eat both. They are called omnivores.

Look at these pictures.

Use the blank spaces to draw two more animals.

Next to each one, write what you think it eats.

Then write ‘herbivore’ or ‘carnivore’.

Carnivores eat herbivores.

Link any carnivores on these pictures with herbivores that they might eat.

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Food Chains

A.Write in the missing words in each of the sentences below.

1. A food chain always starts with a ___________ ___________.

2. The start of a food chain is known as the _________________.

3. Food chains show that animals are interdependent on each other. This means that animals ___________ each other to live.

4. Herbivores eat _____________.

5. Predators _____________ and ____________ other animals.

6. Green plants get their energy from the ____________.

7. A ____________________ eats either plants or animals in a food chain.

8. The _______________ of the food chain is affected if an animal in it extinct.

B. Complete the food chains by filling in the blank boxes with the correct consumers or producers found underneath the food chains.

LevelFood

Chain 1

Food

Chain 2

Food

Chain 3

Food

Chain 4

Primary Producer

Grass Grass Algae

Primary Consumer

Secondary Consumer

Tertiary Consumer

Quaternary Consumer

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Level Ladder

My Current Level is: ________________ My Target level is: _______________________

Level 5

I can explain what a producer and consumer is.

I know what plants need to produce their own food.

I can produce a food chain using the arrows correctly.

I can explain how plants and animals benefit from each other.

Level 4

I can use a key myself to identify some animals and plants.

I know what a green plant needs to grow well and why it needs these things.

I can give an example of how 2 different animals have adapted to suit the conditions of their habitats.

I can write a food chain and know what always comes first.

I can explain the words predator and prey

Level 3

I can give an example of the relationship between plants and animals in a habitat

I know what a plant needs to grow well.

I can describe 2 different habitats and the animals and plants that live there.

I can name 2 animals that eat plants and two that eat other animals.

I can use a key with help to identify and name animals and plants.

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