THE SPRINGFIELDER

March 1970 Volume 33, Number 4

Book Reviews YXH\VEH'S LASI). By Alfons Senfter. Herder and Herder, S e w York,

1969. 117 pages. Cloth- 85.95.

The prrrpost. of t h e book is outlined on the dust jacket-"Through a planned sr.ries of fift y-five magnificent photographs and the notes that accompany then, the a u t h o r has captured aspects fronl the life past and present of I'ahmeh's Land. This book is neither a history nor a travelogue.

The author's purpose i s t o offer through his photographs and his notes solllr impressions of t h e l and in which Christianity began. to whet the appetite of those xsho plan to r i s i t it. t o provide extensive documentation to those who cbannot, t o offer guidance to its risitors and a nlernento to

thosr who k n o s I [ "

\ V h o (-an argue with such a noble purpose9 The photographs are excel- lent, f a r surpassing those I took on a recent visit to the Holy Land. FIoxx--

cbver. it is beyond Ine how the author was able to eliminate the "hurnao intruders" who seen1 t o dominate the majority of my slides Consistent with m y preriot~s comment, I acknowledge the author's attempt to authen- ticate the traditional view of the Holy Land at the time of Christ, but any present-da_v xisitor would immediately detect that this book completely onlits relevant modern g rowth . especially metropolitan development.

X word of caution, unless the reader is unconcerned about the price tak. 1 s apl)ropriatr in all fairness-cheaper but useful books (even the Sational (:eograghic) a r e available tha t fulfill the same purpose intended I)? our author

If-illinnr F. .Ifeyer

LLTHER AS11 T H E OLD TESTAXEST. Hy Heinrich Bornkamrn. Trans- lated by Eric it'. a n d R u t h C. Gritsch. Edited by Victor I. Gruhn. Fortress Press. Philadelphia. 1969. 307 pages. Cloth. $9.75.

I suppose that wha t any m a n thinks of the OId Testament is not tha t ~nlportant u n l ~ s s tha t m a n is 3Iartin Luther. The great refornler, who claimed t h a t the great principle of justification by faith was taken from t h e Ijible, spent ten t i m e s m o r e time with the Old Testanlent than he did with the Sew Testament. T h i s fact alone makes Luther's views on t h e Old Testanlent a m a t t e r of vital concern fa r those who bear his name. Luther's great contribution was that for him the entire Old Testanlent 1)reac.hed Christ and t h a t i t had one literal sense. Christ could be found twice in rvery passage, Chr i s t was preacher and the one preached about. The. rllajor task of t h e prophets was to preach Christ. What Luther saps ahor~t the Old Testanlent will not come a s much of a surprise to those TI ho have been brought up on his way of thinking. Since he saw Christianity ~il irrored on all of its pages, he found it to be a proclamation of Christian doctrine, including t h e T r i n i t y .

Bornkantrn, whose qtralifications as a Luther scholar need no fur ther endorsenlent, presents the issues in a very attractive, concise. and still contr~rehensi\-e way. F o r a church body, which quotes Luther perhaps more

t h a n i t does a n y o n e else. besides n ~ a y b e the wr i t i l l :~ of t h t Hc~ly ( ; l lo$t

o u r clergy just c a n n o t afford not t o read thiu sur:lnlarJ- of his ;,o.;iiio!~ A few points are c l e a r e d up. For esanlplr , Luther 's advc.rsi:!- :~!!tl nl:ilnsi

ha t red f o r t h e L a w in deference to the Gosyttl \vrre diri.cttstl t h r lAir\\..- condemning f u n c t i o n a n d not to t he natural La\\., with i c y jur-isdi;rilrr~ o v t - r

all h u m a n ac t ions . F o r Luther thy -4ntinonliar1s are disr.i~!l(~- o f S:ir?in T h i s will s a y s o m e t h i n g to t i~ou r \vho t~njristly o~il~nsc. L;r\v :!r!d ( ; t , ~ l ! ~ i

Luther 's t r e a s u r i n g of Jesus Chris t as s;3lvation.s rtsrltcr is rtbflecr~?d 11:

t ha t h e f o u n d C h r i s t predicted e ~ e r y w h e r e i r i t h r Old Tr:st:~:l~c.nt. I):rv~d in Psa lms 2 a n d 110 reaches the pinnaclr of iuessinnic yrc4ictirri1s. In ?ir~d- i np Chris t in t h e Old Testament. Luther rc.fusvd to rc.sc-lrt t ~ r ~ y l ) r . . ~ : i r ;

finding Him. T h e r e was only one reai i ty everywhere in the Old T*.~t;~r)l\ ,nr a n d that w a s C h r i s t .

Bornkanim's wr i t i ng preserves :he: ~ ; t : ~ i i t y vf L~lrtlt:!.'s l o \ + . ior ti!,.

Old T e s t a ~ n e n t . L u t h e r saw how Pal11 used t h r Old . l ' c . s l a ~ ~ ~ r . ~ ~ t ;irid f i r l i ~ ~ \ \ - .

i ng t h e Apost le 's Lead. he p l~ inged into r h t ~ krror~hi>tic wrif i11.c~ \\-ith :11'

s a m e abandon. fie c ia i~ i ied tha t rht. Jt.\vs 1ovt.d t t 1 r 1 1:t)ok t r f k:sthvr

because of . . t he i r blood thirsty. vengeful. n ~ u r d e r o u s crc+*tl a11d 1101 , t . I " -45 Bornkanlnl p o i n t s ou t that a schnlar- cn rn~ l~ i t t ed to nlodr>rn historic,i!: research wil l no t c o m e to Luther 's "radicak pro~~hetic-(:hristrrlo~ic.;iI i r ~ r t.r- pretation." i I c o u l d a d d tha t he won't enjoy it a s 11111i.h as L,utht.r did 1

T o read Chr i s t i n t o t h e t e s t a f t e r t h e historical nlvaning is fourid ir tcl

violate L u t h e r ' s ~ i r i n c i p l e tha t each pt.ricopr had ont: nieanins.

H e r e t h e L u t h e r a n churches have to answer sorlle serious c ~ ~ ~ c s t l o ~ i ~ Are we rea l ly Luther.cln i f we accept Ltrther's justitirat ~cln ~ ) r l r ~ c i p l r \\-11irh h u n g suspended f r o m Christ a n d f a i t h and then us^ a ~lir.thod \\ h ~ c h Iir~d:. i t impossible t o find Christ in t h e Old Testanlent'.' He1llc~n11)t.r t h ; ~ r IA1~ttlc.r

cIainled t h a t he f o u n d th is principle in t he Ijihlr arid that hc t1st.d t h ~ . Old Tes t amen t t e n t imes rllore t h a n h e did t he Sr\\- Testalllcsrl[. [ ) ( B ~ S ollr

amazement of t h e ferocious vigor of o u r progrnitor. whir went like a 1)o;i:.

t h rough t h e v i n e y a r d of t h e Lord i n the Old Testnli\ent 4 to illnkr a Ilclfi!r

pa raph rase of t h e Pope's condemnation) make u s his h r i r s ? I n any c.vchr:t.

Luther 's t o t a l p l u n g e and conlylete submergrnrre is a lot alorrb rrsfrrshinc t h a n the a p p r o a c h of the critic w h o st icks his to rs in one by o n e a n d f;til>

to see any d i v i n e unifying thought . hlaybt. nlodrrrl sc.holarshi1) has rv- cha ined the Old Tes tan len t in t h e scholar's s tudy and that ovcLrl tho11:tl it can be read by a l l . i t can be interpreted orlly with the hclp of one of thf. church 's new breed of priests. Don't let the s l ight three hlrndred a n d ~ 1 7 l l .

pages keep you away f rom th is book. Bornkanlrtl h a s enou.rh c.ross r1-ft.r-

ences a n d s c h o l a r l y mater ia l to k e e p t he reader hasy arld alvay fr-on1 ~o!I I+!

less r eward ing literaturf'. l i f l l . j < [ 1' .<t.<rf I

IWSPIRATIOS A S D CASOSICITY O F THE BIBLE. 1ly K. Laird H a r r k Zondervan P u b l i s h i n g House, Grand Rapids. 1969. 31ri pages. Paper

$2.45.

The Bible obviously needs n o defense, but no book has been s o attacked.

t,attrred z,ro,llld. scrutill ized a n d defended as frequently. This is not

u l l r s , , ec te~ , tile Chr i s t i an C h u r r h regards its contents as the voice

of ~ ; ~ , j sl,c2akinx tto In spite: of all disclaimers. t he re is no such a

thil:g a s riot havin;: a d o c t r i ~ i r of t he FIoly Scriptures. There is no Ilrotlli l lent Christian theologian w h o does rlot have his views on the Bible. The [ ~ , l ~ ~ t j o ~ ~ is riot ~clretht-r we hold to a doctrine of the Scriptures but to 1 , I , j , . h doc.trine a rc \re g o i t l ~ t o hold-

tiar-ris ~ ~ r o r i d e s ;r h a n d y a n d comprehensive overview of the typical argulllpllts for the. t rad i t iona i docrr ine of inspiration a n d has updated a Irrrr iouslv Irublishrd v o l u ~ i ~ e with d a t a fro111 the Dead Sea Scrolis. Those ,,.ho , x t . ~ ~ acclllaiutc.d w i t h t h e older view of inspiration will find th i s 1,) bt. a ilandy refrcbslitjr. Those who take the divine origin of the Scrip-

t l l r p ~ i i g t l t l x o\x\.t iir to t h e r l l s e l ~ t * ~ to s tudy seriously the arguments on thta hasis elf Sc.ril,tur;ll d a t a withor11 being entrapped in the dogmatic

rt*r~ninoIo:y, ala t lrirlrirh Sch r l~ id . vrrclrlc~ntly crirrrrit Hihlical s tud ies with its a to~li is t ie approach,

suggi.atirig a n 1I!>I nl;rcbhinr for t h e au tho r rather than a rational mind. lea \.t:s 1 ht. impression t h a t t h e final product is the conglolilerate result of ;Il l urlkno\vrl ~tlysturious process. Harr i s ' approach gives a hrief pausr frorll th i s ordiilary and definitely monotonous confusion. Are the Scrip- tures just t h e rr!igious l i t e r a r y 1)roduction of an ancient people which just happened t o survive or is t h e r e someth ing special about them that they aloni* should survive a n d h a v e a universal impact?

OrcasionaIly t he Chr is l inn l ikes to s ee a presentation showing tha t the Ilible does speak ra t iona l ly arid t ha t it does describe things a s they ; ~ c t u a l l ~ - \\-err. Harr is ~ ) r o v i d e s m o r e than a n occasional example for t he

Christian scholar hungry f o r th i s . An interest ing ease in point is Jeremiah 3 9 : 3 with i ts l isting of t h e Hahylonian princes. The KJ\- l ists six princes and thv R S V four. Robert Dick XVilsotl shows tha t these a r e really three princrs. T h e R S V reading of "Serga isharezer , Sarngarnebo, Sarsechim the ltahsaris" should rcad "Se rga i -Sha reze r of Samgar. Sebo-Sarsechim the Kah-Saris." So t too s ignif icant un t i l it is realized tha t the first name irivtJn \\-as Sebr~chadnezzar 's chief l ieutenant who succeeded him in t h e kingdon). Since the Bible is a lways t a k i n g it on the chin. a "we told you so" retort nlight be unk ind , bu t it is forgivable. The price of the volume is rinht a n d contains enough r e a d y ruade answers for the difficult a n d elnharrassing moments of a theologian 's 1 i P ~ .

Dacid P. Scaer --

THE (;RO\.VTH OF T H E HIFSLICdlL TRAUITIOS. T h e Fortn Critical Nethod. 1 % ~ Klaus Koch. T rans l a t ed fronl the second Gernlan edition by S . 31. C'npitt. Cha r l e s Scr ihner ' s Sons, Kew York. 1969. 233 pages. Cloth. $6.95.

This volume hy Professor K i a u s K w h has been eagerly awaited i n the English reading world by those who a r e convinced tha t form criticism has much t o rontriblrte to Bibl ical interpretat ion. The first German edition appeared in 1964, with a second ed i t ion published in 1961. KoCh's book 1s

an introduction to form critical research which has been i l i uscJ i n (;ern\any since the beginning of the century. I t is a method that \vas inaugurated t)y

the writings of Herman Gunkel and Hugo Gressmann. Thp author staces

that he undertook the task of wri t ing a manual on the for111 critical method a t the suggestion of Gerhard Yon Rad. Fl-oln ;I s~nal l g!~ide i t has grown into a volume of over 200 gages. and seprrserlts tell ?;rsiIrs of work. Most of the pertinent l i t e ra tu re Koch claili1t.d was found In scattered journal articles, many of which were inaccessible to the a~rragt : strident.

Dr. Koch's book consists of two par ts : Pnrt I sets forth the ~lltbthnds that are to be enlployed in determining the different literary gcsrlrr. t h ; ~ t

are found in both the books of t h e Old and Sew Tt-stanlents Pnrt 11 I

111-220) gives selected examples. >lost of t h ~ latter arc> taken frolt~

literature of the Old Testament.

The German title of this book is: 1l.rr.s I s t I - . ~ ) i . , j ~ ! / ~ s / . / , i l . ! ~ tv: ' . \ . t , , , f , \ \ +,:!,

tier RiheZ E.regpsr. There is n o denying that the prol)ontxnts of C!,rlir c riti- cism have rendered ii valuable service to Bi hlical e s e g ~ s i s h_v their t hr)~-ougi~ analysis of Biblical literature relative to the various t yl)c>s u f litc,r;~ry f , , l . ~ t :

that are forirld in Biblical l i terature. However, it shot~ld not t ) t . for::otlt.~r that form criticism was developed b y Gunkel, C;ressl~innn i~nrl ~ t h t 1.5

because they had become dissatisfied with the results of c)Tthr a 11uridrt.d pears of higher cri t icisn~ with i t s tendency to divide and Crag~l~c>ntizc. t f i t s

hooks of the Old Testament. W e can be grateful to for111 criticism for reminding readers of the Bible t ha t it is a book that eshibits a rich v:iric,tx

.asrprn of literary forms. The comparison with the genres of other Spar F.~: literature undertaken by form crit ics has been instru~ncntal in r110rv brightly illuminating the Biblical l i terary genres. For111 rr i t~r ism has 111

some respects corrected some of t h e radical views set forth 1 ) ~ l l ~ l ~ l ~ c a l scholarship.

Severtheless, it is difficult for those who hold a high \.irw of tltr inspiration of the Scriptures t o accept the rnethodolot?: of Ikr. E ; l ; ~ r t s Koch. The form critical method is based on a continued acceptance of erronrLous presuppositions adopted by t h e critical school. Forni criticisll\ atttrnlpt:; to trace the prehistory of many Biblical documents and ass~~ruc~d docu~urnts and believes that it can ascer ta in t h e l i f e sitrration for each literary genrb': then determine how a li terary genre was taken up into a cycle of traditiol~ and then also show how- the redactor finally used the ~rirircri~ls handed down orally before they were put in fo written fo r~n . X n y person who examines the book by Professor Koch will find this a rather ro~ l i~) I r~s typf' of exegetical work. Let the reader exanline the pages that deal with rlrr

Decalogue or with the Beati tudes to see what this hernienc*utical approa1.h does to these two important portions of the Scriptures.

Form criticism assumes t h a t t he Old Testanlent con::tins sagas. t i~pths

and legends, Iiterary genres not formerly recognized as rsisting in t h r ,

Sacred Scriptures. Large portions of t he Pentateuch, the books of J0uhn.t and Judges are no longer considered to contain reliable history but nrc' said to be replete with etiological myths. Books like Ruth. Esthrr it~ld

Daniel a r e rejected as containing reliable history and are interprerc-ct tt>'

! ! l t . ~ , , , . ~ l , ,.l.l;ic.i ~ , ~ ~ ~ k s represen t ing such literary genre ss parable,

!~lid!-ahi~ nrld ;rl~ora!ypt.ic*. F ~ ~ ! ~ ~ cr,ri,.i51:l is ;, n c . , ~ nle thod of exegesis. I t is very colnplex and

c.;,nr,c.l; ill arlx wa!- be hnrrrloniZed with a reliable and verbally ins;,ired

r,c,ok, i l s the Sew Testalllent so c l e a r l y teaches about the Old Testa~fient. Ruyn!oncl F . Sul-bur!/

. [STROI,[.('TI()X TO THE SE%- HER3IESECTIC. BF Paul J. t -rhe Wes tmins te r Press, Philadelphia. 1969. 190 pages. i - t t ) [ ! i . st;.;^!.

pau[ ,\rhtkil,lrier is professor of S e w Testament at Lancester Theo-

lc,gi(.;,; svni i tj;iI-v t h i s x-oIurne he endeavors to acquaint EngIish readers

with th,. hrrlllrrlr11tica] t h i n k i n g of a grOU1) of German scholars have

t)rc.r , t l \r ' r!lta j,rc,llirn~2nts of a new s y s t e m for the interpretation of the Sen- Tt*st:t:~ir!tt. Th,,st. \ s - h ~ a r e ui;abIe t o read Cernlan will be gratefuI to the ;iurht,r frir having srt for th t h e \-iew-Y of Ernst Fuchs and Cerhart Ebeling.

f'rc,jr.c;sc,r .\rhtrttleirr cor rec t ly s t a ted in the introduction of his volunie that tht . t ~ ~ : i : r + - r . of inrcr1,retation is the key to present day theological ~brc)bIi,nlc;. . . I t s sn lu t ian i s necessary- not only for any kind of "ecumenical" th~o11-1g~ within the --conling g r e a t church." I t is therefore a question that nrrds scrious rt.fler.tion by a n y who are concerned with the Christian faith i11 thr. t\vintic,rh century" t 11. 7).

Tiit- "rrtb\v htarmeneutic" has posed the question of whether a past event. and t h e test to w h i ~ h i t gave birth, have any reaI significance for our l i f r nt)w. F ~ t c h s a n d Ebe l ing and those who claim to be practitioners of the rtchtv ht.rt~r~lcnetitic hold t h a t the Christian faith today cannot be rtiadr td~ntic-,tI to t h e m a n n e r in which its was understood and set forth on t h ~ . p;igt-> 0 5 i h ~ Sru- Ttastanlrnt.

In rhe hrst section of t h e book t h e author places before his readers the hacksround infornlation t h e y need to understand the origin and scope o f the i~rohlr:~ls with which t h e new herrneneutic deals. In order to under- stand t h ~ nrw i ~ r r r ~ ~ e n e u t i c i t is essent ia l to be acquainted with the philo- s o p h i ~ a l ;~rvsuyr~)ositiorls wi th w h i c h the new hermeneuticiirnq begin. \Vi t hour r h e philosophy of M a r t i n Heidegger and the appropriation of Heideg~rr ian thought by Rudolf Bul t rnann it would be impossible to xnder- stand Fuvhs and Ebrling. both disciples of BuItmann. The "background sertion" i s c*oncluded with a c h a p t e r , entitled. "Language, Perception, and Reality.'.

The second section r pages 85-184) deals thematically ~ t h the content of the new hernlrneutrc a s a theological n~ovenlent. The new hermenentic calailns to USP lanquage in a newr fundamental role. The author shows how the new school of philosophy t r e a t s t h e theokogical concept of faith and what the ronsertlrences a r e for a thwIagical stance. Professor Achtemeier clearly and accurately shows how t h i s new system of interpretation pr* ceeds to interpret t h e d a t a of t h e S e w Testament. Since much of th is inter- pretation is found in t h e w r i t i n g s of Ernst Fachs. the author's discussion might also be considered as an introduction for English readers of this German S e a Testament scholar's views,

In the Anal chapter "Reflections on t h e x e w Hprrllr.np:lric-" :i,;. 2i:+!l,,r

offers a critique of a number of the basic ~ ~ ~ i r i o ~ ~ o2cr,.d ~ ~ , , - b ~ . ; rtnri

EbeIing and counter arguments to them. Those vho believe that the Bible is God's illspired \vrtrd

,l,lii.k.,. discover that the nea- hermeneutic brushes aside the s , ~ ? , , . . ; ? . : - i l , f , l i - , I i , r r n .

ciple of Luther. I t allows another author i ty a!iongsidr tilp f : i t , i c !,t.cz!Il,r.

i t pernlits such factors as contenlporar?; cultur- . . t;rit.rlti:ir irlsil.hfx r-n<

modern philosophy to reshape the message of the I<ib:t., and tn I V , ~ ! : P + ! . . ct

gospel which is quite different from t h e one set for th i n t h e Hoi>- Sr.r:iL.

tures.

R(t !.I,,: o i l t i t'. .% u ~ 7 , J , ,.,; - --

CHRIST, THE THEXE O F THE BIBLE. B y Sornia!; <;eistrr >rc,!,dy Press. Chicago. 1963. 1% pages. ('loth 2-95.

The author o f this volume is Assistant Professor at Trinil>- ~ ~ l ; , , , . , . , Deerfield, Illinois. He is co-author of the recent r\.ancrilc;ii \v,,rk.

Geneml I n t ~ . a d u r ~ t i ~ ~ ~ ~ to tile Cib l r . In the preface the autlror k n s rtat , .d that this is a book which is nor mrreiv ezllphasizing [fiat in (~,ii! Testament there are nunlrrous Xessianii- prol,hecies in the I l i i , i e . \\.hi:t. he recognizes that the OId Testanlent does cor l ta in 1,r4,phrt.ieY alld ty l l r - s

about, Chris:, t he scope of his book is intended t o be rrlort! e s t r . n ~ i ~ t l . ,\fr+!r years of study Professor tieisler has oonie to t k e convicrii.~n "that C'hrisc

is the key to the interpretation of the Bible." The l l ih lr has Christ a s i t +

thematic unity. a unity that spans the whole of scriptural rrvr.l;itir,n This hook wants to take seriously the statement of Christ . -A-flu s a i d : '.Ever-?.-

thing a b u t me in the iaw of Sloses and the p r o p h e t s and tht. ~)s;i l:~~s niu.ir be fulfilled." t Luke 1 4 : -11).

The Christological approach in this book is not 1imitt.d t v ;t :urr+. >r:idy

of t m e s or direct predictive prophecies. but r a t h e r t .~ldt- i~vc~>rs r e ) dt.pit.r

Christ as "the unity and unfolding message of t h e whole of Sacrc.ri \Vrit "

Jesus is set forth as the tie between the Tu-o Testarlirnts. thr ct,nt+.nr

the two canons, as well as the unifying t h e ~ n e of everx book of t h e St.ril)-

tures. While the great theme of the book is t o erllphasize the t'hristcriclq~!'s;

unity of the Sacred Scriptures, such doc t r i ne s as the inspirar ior~ of t h t

Bible and the deity of Christ are clearly enunc i a t ed . The author is at ;);iill~

to show that i t was the purpose of the propositional rrvclatic>n which (~;c)rl has given to present Christ, the Savior of n l a ~ t k i n d . Ir was arvu (; t?is l isr '~

purpose to show that the Bible is the i n s t r ~ l m e n t of God to llOll\'t?F rhr' message of Christ. The Bible should be searched not fcrr i t s own s a k e h u t

for Christ, for as Peter stated +to him all the p rophe t s bear witness'' 4

10:43).

This is a volume written in the trddit iorl of those who have accepted at face vaIue the assertions made in the .Sew Testanlent about the Old Testament. The author adopted the rule foliowed historica' Protestant

interpretation: Scripture interprets Scripture- If Luther sere l i v i n g

today he would hare been greatly @rased with this volunle. because

i\7:::t;::l,r,r-: ~ '~~T[ i r ! : i i~r I.: lincrwrr fi;r tiis Christologicai interpretation of the TI?~~;<!::!,TL:. < ' I : : - i . ~ i : : ' l . r , 7 . h . i ~ ; r 3 l l r ~ li!l,[c is a devotional exercise which offers a

d(,;)rl! t ~ f :!icidi;ctior~ seldom :-ttiaini~d. This hook can serve as a Uihle s tudy ;ha : k v 1 1 ) ci i j t . ! i ilc':'; vistas for :ho$c. tvho desire a ful ler look at Jesus. The i ,vzldcsr * , . + - I . .# . . 4: ;,lid thb! !::i~:eri;tl intekrestingly organized and discover a pre-

srrrtnt icin hrr-p :!I;![ i s nowhr.re else dnplicated. li'rrynr ortd F . Src7-bury

THOSE ISC 'HE! i I l ?LE r'HKISTI.L\SS. I I . H u ~ h J. Schontield. Eernard (;pis .-lsr!)c,iatt->. Seiv York. iS6S. 2ti8 pages. (-30th and Paperback.

I)r Sc.hrln;!+-id hiis kr;)t ~ ) ~ ~ h I i s h e r s t)~is?. for some >ears with his yro- J i l o t l c . is thoroughly a~ritiai!~tc-d with Christian scholar- shil) i!; i;;lhl!c:~! str~dic?.; arid riiakt!s teliing nse of this knowledge. Thus '1 ;:+. f ' ~ t a . ~ r r t . ( ~ ~ . I ' l l , ? \V;LS ;?l:!.:(i~t ;I tr>.:t~ook ori ~ ~ i e s s i a n i c prophecy i r t I - ~ ~ ~ Y I - s c .

I t L t h r ~t~t tderr l r-t-altk t b f tile h~rtt>ric~fi)-critiral method were accepted to t h r r~r!rr rt.i~;o\-a1 o f nir-ssianic itrnphee\-.

Ir! this voi:~rlie Ilr. Schonfield takes ulj the times of the apostles and [he ?.ar!?- chi1rt.h He shows considerable syr~ipathy q-ith the early Hebrew C 'h r l s t~a : ;~ t ) l ~ r he holds ihat they did not accept Jesus as divine, Son of (;trd This ~n tc rp r r t a t ion of the I-Iebretr Christians seettls to have pained sclr l i r :)oi)uiar:ry today. hut this re1 ie~ver cannot square this position with rhe r\-idencr. Various Jewish Christians can come under this designation, Ebion~res . E s s ~ n e s . Hebrews. .Jew-s, etc. \i7hile there was itluch insistence upon lhr Law, i t ivau not one of t he conimon features that they rejected a diviric. 31rssii1h.

Ijr. S(.lic>t~tield is Yery happy to cite Eiblical critics, with whom he f i l ~ d s hiniself i n agr-ernicnt. to the intent that the Sew- Testantent books all ktvpenr :it t h r rnd o f a long history of the community. after much change

4 a n d adaptation. s o that the original historical t ru th can no longer be estahlisht:d. nor ran the theology of Christ or t he apostles any longer be kntt\vn. Paul is the great perverter of t rue Christianity: the chapter is entitled "Odd JIan Out." There was much conflict a n d propaganda, until h>- a clever forgery Peter was found to be in agreement with Paul:

The author wri tes well arid has his material well in hand, but his I)url,ustt is propagandistic and poorly ad~.ised. The Christians are not ahou: to give u p t h e faith in their divine Savior, a n d it is a false hope of a Judaeo-Christian reunion behind a banner which denies the deity of Christ .

O t t o I.'. Ptahlk-e

'F:\V TESTAMEST DEVELOPAIEST O F OLD TESTAJIEST THEMES. BY F F. Hrucc>. IVm. B. E e r d n ~ a n s Publishing Company, Grand Rapids. 19ii3. 122 pages. Cloth. $3.95.

The eight chapters that comprise th is volulne a r e t he Payton Lectures delivered a t Ful le r Theological Seminary, Pasadena. California, in 1968.

r)r. Rruce was asked to discuss the topic: "The Relationship of t he Old

Testament to the New." The author was encouraged to develop this topic.

along his own approach. This Dr. Bruce did by the selection of a few Testament themes which have been taken over in the S e w Testalnent vehicIes for expressing, in a diversity of ways, the Christian paradox that the crucified Jesus i s universal Lord." T h e book is an expansion of thr materials orally delivered in California.

In the opening chapter, entitled "Organizing Old Testament Theology," the author surveys sonle of the different organizing principles advocated

by scholars like Jacob. Koehler, Vriezen, Eichrodt and yon Rad. He briefly discusses the positions of Vischer and Knight and indicates that he can- not go along with their reading of Christ into the Old Testament. He als(, discusses the views of Rowiey and Porteous.

The main themes of the book do not r u n along the traditional lines of finding S e a Testament events foretold in the Old Testament. Dr. Bruce refers to the words of Peter in Acts 2: *'This is that which was spoken b y

the prophet." But he does not seem to believe that the major events in the life of Christ were foretold by the Old Testament prophets. \Vhat else does Peter mean when he said: "To hi111 a11 the prophets bear witness:'" I)r. Bruce, professor of Biblical Criticism and Exegesis at the I-niversity of Nanchester, has been too much influenced by Old and S e a Testament critics who do not believe in direct Biblical Messianic prophecy. as \\;is set forth by Chapter IY of the Cottstitutio?i on Dici?ae 1:tt.rlntiott iidol~ted by Vatican I1 and cited by Bruce in his book.

Bruce follows the idea that the S e w Testament writers reinterpreted and gave a new interpretation to the data of the Old Testament. According to Bruce i t is not necessary to interpret t h e Old Trstanier~t in the light of t h e Sew, as the Vatican Council o n Divine Kevelation has so correctly stated the matter on this issue.

In chapters 2-9 the unity between the Two Testantents is shown by a discussion of the foIiowing themes: the rule of God. the salvation of God. the victory of God, the people of God, t h e Son of God. the Son of Ikvid . the Servant Messiah and the Shepherd King. The author shows that thp Xew Testament writers saw in Jesus the prorrlise fulfilled. the covenant renewed, the law vindicated. salvation brought nearer. that in Jesus of Sazareth the Son of David has come to inaugurate the kirlgdon~ of God. As the Ancient of Days, as the Servant of t h e Lord, who bore His ~~eoj~I+''s transgression, Jesus was portrayed by Hinlself and the S e w Tcaranlelll

writers. But that it was the Old Testament's purpose to predivr chestx thlngs of the coming Messiah, Bruce clainls one need not adopt on tht' basis of the Old Testanlent itself.

R a y ~ ~ t f ) # f ~ l f-'. . Q 1 8 ? - 1 ) 1 : / ~ ! /

JEWISH CHRISTIASITT, By Hans-Joachim Schoeps. Translated b y Douglas R. A. Hare. Fortress Press, Philadelphia, 1969. 163 pages. Cloth. $3.50,

St. Paul and St. Luke's writings present the cause of the Gospel in the early church from a Gentile point of view. Without attempting to

Book R ~ . r i e u \

- - -- - - -- -- 7 3

cluestion the aurhority of the Scriptures, these Kew Testament writings yh~w-. yerfiags In a biased way. the victory of Gentile Christianity over ,Jewish t'hrfarianrt _v wxth its varlolrs legal demands. Xovi Schoeps states t h e case for .Jewish Chr~stianity and what it thought was essential for the (;ospeI The dort rinal ~)osition of the Jewish partp within the early church is only m1nin:ally eluc~dated in the Sew Testament with only a few refer- ences to r'irrurn~ision and the keeping of certain ceremonial laws. Acts 15y.5 wrth i t s reference to the partp of the Pharisees indicates thz: the Jewish party drd have a vowe at the council at Jerusalem. Schoeps con- tends that the Ebionites had their spiritual descendants already at the rourlcil of Jerusalerll and t h a t t h e mother and family of Jesus belonged to this tradition. The episcopacy of Jerusalem was part of this rnoventent and was kept within Jesus' fanlily as long as possible. The niajor apostle for the group was Jarnrs and nor Peter. Paul is considered an apostate. By the fifth century Ehinnitt. Christianity was virtually wiped out in favor ot (;reek and Latin types

There are three points of Srrhoeps worth remembering: 1. The early church. ever1 the one centrred in Jerusalem was not monolithic but suffered f r o n ~ divisions which were not unlike ours today. 2. Jesus was an histor- ical person since relationship to Him was a prerequisite at first for the bishopric at Jerusalem. 3. The Ebionites were not Gnostics, but were in fact in the front line of attack against the followers of Valentinus and Jlarcion. This evidence rules out the validity of there being an? indigenous C;nostieixni on Palestinian soil and the search for i t in the Palestinian S e w Testament writings is tenuous a t best.

The hook is recomniended sinlply because it sympathetically and ~nterestingly represents the cause of a people who were caught between their Jewish culture and the overwhelming fact that Jesus was the Christ.

Dat-id P. Pcaer

I F (;01) IS GOT). H\- Richard E. Koenig. Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis. 1969. 100 pages. Paper. $1.50.

Big things sometimes come in small packages. C'ndoubtedly this is the ground and hope on which Koenig's book is offered and marketed. And to a large extent t he dream is realized. As Lutheran campus pastor for several western ~1assac.husetts colleges Koenig has his finger on students' pulses and on what he calls "the topics that surface most frequently": the need for and existence of God; faith and the realities on which it is based; religious doubts, their agony and their service; God's apparent si le~lce as regards t he problem of evil and suffering in the world; the deity and mission of Christ; the freedom of the Christian man, particularly as this concerns godly living.

Excellently tooled and trenchantly written there is much to commend in this little apologetics for the Christian faith. Pertinent passages from literature currently on the reading Iists of coIIege students add interest and heIp sustain the attention of searching but skepticaI students or readers who "have detached theniselves from Christianity."

T h e r e aye "soft" spots theolosically. To nlrn t ion i t fc \v f '~ l i l : r t : ~ 1 ;

d r i v e h o m e t h e depravi ty of nlan a n d 1nau.i; j,rrtensic!!!i: t ? f rirl l tcc~u<~lc.+.

o u t s i d e of which t h e r e can be no eRecti\.e ~ ~ r i ~ c l i i ~ ~ r n t i o t ~ of t h? j11r;t i!ic.;,r io!: of t h e s i n n e r co,-nnl Df,, throuqh Christ 'r; ri,zhtr.otrs!~r.r;.s i t,s;,c:!,i:i l i ~ , tct

s o p h i s t i c a t e d a n d effe te egghez~ds) : d c s c r i h i l ; ~ fa i th ;I- an ~ ~ s l s t e n t i a ! devel-

o y n l e n t r is ing out of nlali's encounttpr with tlriture, h i s t ~ ~ ? ! ' i i n d (;011's w:i-

d i s c l o s u r e ra ther than through t h r Spir i t ' s t:%tii:;~ciou> l'o\vtir ln : h t . r;rrd. c h o s e n . though despised. nlearls uf gr;lce \I-hi1.h i:ispi lI(.)ly \\'I-it ~,t'\.i,:!ls

t o u s ; an over-play on the value 01' doubts. nllliost ;I- thol.l:h th1.y h;rd s a c r a m e n t a l service: a ra ter ing to no:uer:clature- \r-hirh s l~ t , aks of ('\!I is{'-

"d iv in i ty ' . ra ther t h a n of His deiry I 11, nlall!. sli11l)f:ry 11r.nit-l-- of (.'hrr..;t'~

true de i ty cover themselves with th i s tt.r.ttir: c c ~ r ~ . r s l ) c ~ : t d ~ ~ ~ : l ~ - . i I Ii!r.k I ) : ' c lar- i t? on t h e Inc:ir~lation itself a n d \vh;~t occr1rrt.d hr.1.r. :LS 1;nd \\ ; is I : i i \ l l i -

f t .51 in t h e flesh in the theantbropict C h r i s t . a:ld i:lc.iin;tt:(v~ t : ~ + r . t t l r . ,)I: Aulen ' s Christu?; Victor view of Christ 's x o r k r a t h e r !Ira11 011 tht, f u i :

SCc)I)e?. nlrani~l; , . i111d r r l e v a f ~ c e of r h r vic,nrit,u. ;rior\c.lurl~;: ;?nd f i ! \ ; c ; i ? . :I

s u n l e w h a t a~ilbiguc,tls esplu:l;rticjn of t h~ a bscllutes 11i (;ilrf ur!dt.: \ \ - l ~ i i ~ ! .

t h e C h r i s t i a n 1 i t . e ~ cladly and freely and \vhic!l k r q , hit!^ f r - n ~ ~ i t ~ t a i n t :

aimlessl?- a d r i f t " in arriviriq ; ~ r ethic.al guidelil lrs f o r - cjllr iiil!e*."

\Ye agree wi th the a u t h o r t h a t "rhis is a g rea t tirue ! ( I !I*: alive ." ; i

t i m e in which " the new freedom of to day'^ sr,ci+,ty :ilIo\\.s [ I > r 1 3 dislji:\!. the a u t h e n t i c life s tyle of the Chr i s t i an . which i~ lihercy---nil! t l lc , f:!!-ix

l i b e r t y of those who succumb aga in to the bonda~c? of wit' u r si)t.it,t!. h u : r e a l l ibe r ty of love in Jesus Christ ." I:' t h i s is t h e kirld of t'rt~c- do::^ :ha1 1narcht.s in s tep wi th the steady d r u n ~ t n r r frrlr~r t h t ~ I); ln~;\+cur ro:id. ~ 1 . 1 1

a n d good. \Ve know what m a n n e r of liberty. frr:edoxn. ltr\.c.. ..;b,r\ ices. s!.i!-

d e n i a l . etc.. h e spoke o f in t h e Srcnt t;aIatiwrl kll)i~tIts, 311 for- : I I I . ( ; ~ ) r l ) r i ' s sake! Rut if t h e freedom implied hvr r is the s h a ! l ~ ~ \ v kind i ) i . I \ ~ + . r ~ ~ : r i 3 I o I t m a n n . a n d h i s i l k , w i t h t l r c i , t h ~ o l o ~ n i hop!,. gi'i~l.~a(l : I I ! ! i t . ~iri;.l a n a l y s i s t o t h e e levat ing of man in hi?; heroic ~ t r u g g l i - i l l ; ~ n d :on. ;~rdr : I ! . real111 of freedoill for the alIe\-i;~tiiig n i l l u r i l ; ~ ~ ~ t~~nd;r:t\ i)oiiri{.;:!. <11t.i:1!. physical-then we nlust enter a dertlul-rer.

I] I ' . h - ! ! . , , - -- - - . - . - - -. pp -

I S GOD'S INAGE. Ny Jacob Rosin. I 'h~lr)so[~hrcal L ~ t ) r ; ~ r > . 111(. . Sf-\\ l ' r~rk 1969. S l pages Cloth. $4.00.

J a c o b Rosin purpor t s to w r i t e a science of prc.)phecv. out l ining it.;

seven basic la\\-s : 1. Any prediction concern i l~c h u ~ n n n s shctuld c.+)xlr-

p I e t e I y divorced frorn the t ime eierrlrnt; 2. A11 predictions h:~\-tt t t ) f ) t .

'7V b a s e d on a n d dr r i \ -ed from the assurtrption that scierlrc a n d technolo,-

g o i n g to c o n t i n u e t o progress; 3. Anything which is thclort.tically possib!r w-ill be achieved: 4. Anything we predict in accordance with the first Thr r t , Laws represents o n l y t h e lnininrunt of what is going to he ach ieved ;

A11 pred ic t ions s h o u l d be Iimited t o positive s t a t e m e n t s of fu tu re achievv- ments a n d shorrld not contain nega t ive predictions re fe r r ing to r h e irnpo5- sibility of ach iev ing cer ta in goals ; 6. -4 prediction should be 1inlitt.d to

the description of the principle of an event of perrrlanent significance and

b;lc,l i ld (O1l: ; l l I l no l . o t I ~ r ~ t e technical or historical da ta : 7 . Predictions

,hi,,:1d i l e lIlllitrJd I , , l ~ t e v ~ t a b l e ' \ P I l t S and should includr nothing which

is it~(,rt.!!- ~~~'c)t)nh!t,. ,rhtsst. stB\i . I l ];lLvs descr ibe pr!lgnostication rather than prophecy. The

i,ll[tlnl. k,r.S,lths f rom t h e f z c t , not at all new. that science predicts according

I , , kirc;,vL, I j i . . ; conrtl&)t of prophrcy has nothing in cornnion with

t;itll ;,.;:I Ilrcll,htlc-, nor. xk-i th Pvop?~ t-rv i n Orrr 7'i?ll P as treated by Martin

, , ; .l;,l.i,k, Rosin predir ts that rilan will be able to create life. that

h r \vill Ovt.l-co~llr dea th . t h a t he lvi!:l at tain divinr attributes ( t i t le: 1 7 1

(;,,,I., I ~ , : , , , , , . , , ftlal he wili e!i~~iitl:~te all evildoing. and hrc.o~ne jmmortal. rr t jO~62 :vh~) \ v l ~ h to shar-c i n that future advancement can have that im-

: :~ort :~l i ty rlc>\v t l l ro~lgh c r y n h i o l n ~ y , liaving their bodies frozen until such ;I 1 . r l , t . \i.)lt,rl f & r , s i t ~ ' s I , ro~jhecit?s h a v ~ bertl realized. The last chapter reads

l ike . i-:l~t.s ~,i[,-.l; for. a freez6.r irisrallation in Los Angeies with rooill for .~.ocro .-l,i,tirbnrs,. ; j r $S. i IO l l IN?'. lmtirrit, .'a r~ la r ive iy low price for irnr~lortai

\ I E:I . . IX( 'I t Tr IoS : REFORLIER LVITHOUT HOSOR. By JIichaei Rogness.

; \ I I ~ S ~ I I I I - X P l t t ~ l i s h i ~ l g I~Iousr. 3Iinneapolis. 1969. 165 pagrs. Cloth. .? 4 . 9 .-3

Irr Slic,h;~rl Kngness. assistant professor for research a t the Ecumen- 1c.31 T~lstirutr of the LtVF a t Strashourg. France, and son of the p r ~ s i d e n t o f L ~ l r h v r Se!i:lnary and cousin of the 3Iissorlri Synod's Prens brothers.

has nradr Iiis thenlogical debut with this work on JIelanchthon. I t is writ-

trtn Y~.orll t h e vit~\vpoint of sys ten~at ic t h r o l o ~ v rather than historical rhro!c,~y. atrri r h i s i s reason e r ~ o u r h to label i t as refreshing. Rogness tlisc.~~ssrs the \-aric~us per iods . 3Ielancrhthon is the Humanist who became t!rfortnt:r-. The title of t h e hook indicates the syrupathetic treatrt~ent tha t

\lt:lnr~c.ht hen rt.ceivc~s at Hogness's hands and i t is not altogether undeserv- i r~p. This in rto way Illpans that the anthor overlooks the flaws in this ~ i r f o r r ~ ~ r r ' s personality. According to Rogness, Melanchthon has been h l a n ~ ~ d for tenvhings which were really promulgated by his disciples a n d nor by 11 izl>se!f. For e s a r n ple. in the synergistic controversy, 1Ielanchthun \\as quoted as s u p l ) o r t i ~ l g t h e idea that the hunran will is one of the three causes of conversion. However under closer examination Melanchthon

was sl)eakir~l;. not of t h e Inonlent when a person becomes a Christian hut

(IT the ~ r l t i r e Christ ian life. In fact a s late as 1351 jlelanchthon clainis that tile wiil has n o t h i n g to contribute to what we call beconling a Chris-

tian. His i~osit ion on t h e adiaphorist ic controversy in Saxony is explained. .\Ielanc.hthon, fc!aring t h a t t h e evangelical faith would be sta~llped out in

Saxony as it had brerl i n Swabia. thought that concessions in non-essentials

\\.auld the th r better cour se . What h e thought was a n act of diplomacy turned irlto what was c o ~ l s i d e r e d a n act of cowardice.

Rognt.su's unwri t ten nlessage throughout the book i s that considering

that llelanchthon did for the Lutheran Church he should receive more than he does. His lectures as Humanist and later ns Lutheran Ee-

former show the profound t h e o l o g i c a l charlctr he ~ ~ r l d e , r i r ~ ~ n , . diti , willingly assent to Luther's d o c t r i n e s 011 anthrol,olngy iv i th [l!rsir , V . S ! - I , :

on the seriousness of s in, and On grace a n d fairh wi th the i r glorific-a~io~i of

t he work of Christ. I t is a P l e a s u r e to rend a wri ter that is nr,t d:-l\ ill,:

false wedges between Luther a n d ~ I e l a n c h t h o n . T h o s e who :try a,.rl I ~ ; I inr with Luther's writings and M e l a n c h t h o n ' s . t r?~,s?)l l , .! , ( ' O I I ' r . s s i r , , r : - l~~d th t .

Apology will recognize what Rogness sho~vs . t ha t ~ v h i l r Lr1tht.r i > r i : ~ preacher, Yelanchthon is the t e a c h e r o f t h e Reforlnation.

It is unfortunate that the o r i g i n a l n l o r e extensive Gcarnlan rrr;Lnusr,l-l submitted to the University of Erlangen f ~ r the doctor's degr~c . ill t h r . l l l o y .

was not totally translated int.o E r l g l i s h . For example lle.laric.hrtlc)r~'> I.'czrifftcl in 1540 of the bur^ C ~ m f e . q s i ~ , l is osl,lajrled i n a r-+.crc.,fLillJ- shor t section on page 133. R o g n e s s ' s choice of translntiorl z i v r . s ;I I I ~ I I ~ ! ;

more "Lutheran" interpretation to b l e l a n c h t h o n ' s words i r t the, Litt i r l th:iri

what the Reformer himself w o u l d w a n t t o suggest . ... . . clrrod (.urn ~ , ; ~ r i ? .

e t vino exhibeantur corpus e t sanguis Chrisri v e s c r r l t i t ~ ~ s in c.ocLn;i 1 ) 0 ~

mini," is somewhat misleadingly t r a n s l a t e d - . . . tllr body arld I,l,~t,tf 1 8 r

Christ is truly given with the bread a n d wine to those ~ ~ ; ~ r t i ~ k i r ~ u iri t t l + ,

Lord's Supper." "Shown" is b e t t e r t h a n '.given." Kogness is riyllr I r i

saying that 3lelanchthon's chief i n t e r e s t was i n wh;tr the* s;tcr:lTl1c,nt. , ! I ( !

rather than in what the s a c r a m e n t q c r r s . T h p la t te r was Lrtthc~-'s i , h i c~ t

concern. However, on an i m p o r t a n t p o i n t as th i s , i t is o n l y fair for r l ~ r .

au thor to show tha t Melanchthon w a s w i l l i n g to allow a non-Luther;~rl v i ~ \ v on t h e sacrament, even though he would not hold to it himself. Ho\vf.\-er. th is slight s tr icture should not detract f roll1 a very well orxi1 11 1zt.d it r ~ d writ ten presentation. This v o l u n i e s h o u l d have wide circnlation rn t h r

Missouri Synod, since in reading ICIe lanch thon ' s t hrology our pasrors wi l l

recognize that much of their t h e o l o g i c a l t r a in ing is ohvinusly de\)t-rldr.rlt o r 1

th i s man's faith a n d the f o r m u l a t i o n s of his faith. l ~ f r r l d 1'. . ~ l ~ l l t ~ l ~

PATTERSS O F REFORMATIOX. I3 y Gordon Rrr lrp. E'clrtress l'rrss. 1% il:i

delphia, 1969. 425 pages. Cloth. $9.50.

Quite natural ly Lutherans have l o o k e d a t t h e Protestilrrr Rrfor-rllatiorr as a mere extension of the p e r s o n a l b iography of Martin Lutliel.. Th+.rc. is nothing inherently wrong w i t h this approach, but the impression i b

not too infrequently given tha t Luther's ideas were really the only cln12<

afloat a t this time. Rupp, who i s first a n d last a Luther srholar. disrussr .~ five different personages who were a c t i v e on t h e continent at the sa:lrv

t ime: Johannes Oecolampadius, Andrew Karlstadt , Thornas J l ~ ~ n t z e r , Vadr- anus, and Johannes Kessler. The bulk of the material is centered on

Karlstadt a n d Miintzer, and not wit.hout good reason. Rupp t rea ts h is characterg s y m y a t h e t i c a l I p w-ithout fearing to draw

lessons from history. The essay on K a r l s t a d t is perhaps the most interest- ing for a Lutheran, since this t h e o l o g i a n was one of the midwives in the. b i r th of the Reformation in w i t t e n b e r g . Kar ls tadt does come for th as a pathetieally comic character, his i s n o t to deny his significant contribll-

Hook Rct~ic~cls 7 7

tiorls. ~i~ I,cL1.Yorlality COnleS more to the fore than his theology. This is esl,rcii,lly seer, i n h is aradrnlic carerr. He picked up two doctor's degrees ;it rhe t ,ni \-rrsi ty i n Si rna a matter of weeks. Later he renounced ;,cadenlii. degrees as standing in the way of the Gospel. Rut later when

tie jnineci the S = i s s Reforn~ation in Basel. he denlanded that all public tr~jlc.hPrs st,ntlld have doctor's degrees. Eve11 the unbiased student would Ilavc t o yay t h a t t h e r e was sornrthing unstable about this man. Of course

i t \\.as ~ ~ ~ l ~ t a d t ar td n o t Luther who was responsible for the "protestantiz- in^" of \ \ ' i t t enberg 31elanchthon who was in Wittenberg a t this time seen,s tn ha\-e g o n e a l o n g with the iconoclastic Karlstadt. as he raised no

r0ic.p of protest. Irony of ironies, it was Luther, whom Karlstadt had (lprsona[[y a t t acked . who took Karlstadt into his home when his life was ill danger fnl - h i s associat ion with the peasants in their rebellion. The life

i)f KarIstadt ran p e r h a p s br best explained as Xo. 2 Inan in regard to Luthrr. itrld the11 o u t of a feeling of frustration. he tried to establish his , , rv l l thrc,[oxv. I i a r l s t a d t ' s venonl against icons as being worse than

adtlltery i s arl obvious cxsaggeration totally in-keeping with his flan~boyant ()rl.sonalily.

T h r chap t r r s o n t h e life of Thonlas Muntzer are also beautifully done. t tc . t *c t was a m a n w h o did have more influence on the course of history than the u l ~ s t a b l e Kar ls tadt . Niintzer was mystic. prophet, and an apo- cal!-ptic re \ -o lut ionary . His mysticisnl lead him to his "Gospel of All ('rrrrtivrs" which was nothing else than blatant universalism. This Gospel tbnlhraced all c r e a t u r e s . The chapter entitled "Thomas 3Jiintzer's Liturgical Esperi~nerlts" is s l i g h t l y jarring. since it is hard to imagine a classical iconoclast as h a v i n g interest in liturgical nuances. Strangely enough the liturgitbs a re not i t larked by the subjectivities that would naturally be t~spt-c-ted.

This work of R u y p is a classic and will be of great service to t h e c-hur-ch for a long t irue t o come. In a more technical vein, Rupp is probably t . i ~ h t irr a s se r t ing t h a t Jlelanchthon received the sacrament under both kinds. Clyde XJanschreck in his 3ffIanchthon t h r Qxiet Rcformer had in te r~) r r t ed t h e same evidence in a letter of Sebastian Helmann to mean that 3lrlanr:hthon had actually celebrated the Eucharist.

(;QI) IS AS A G E O F ATHEISM. By S. Paul Schilling. Abingdon Press, Sushville a n d S e w York, 1969. 239 pages. Cloth. $5.50.

Strange as i t m i g h t seem the basic question in theology today is '<sod.' At least f o r t h e time, the old time favorite controversies concerning conlnlunication of a t t r ibutes , Trinity and the others should be m o m n t a r - ily shelved in de fe rence to the question concerning 'God.' The chairman of the division of theo log ica l studies a t the University of Boston has prepared a handy in t roduc t ion into some current questions that seen1 to be a plague to C h r i s t i a n i t y in every corner. He traces the current atheistic t b o l l ~ h t from Feuerbach, hlarx, Lentn and Kietzsehe. What is more impor-

t an t is his grappling \\.ith the current JIarsist t h o n r h r . t - s ~ ~ c ~ ~ i a l l ? - as wr

h a r e it in the philr>sophy of Erns t [{loch. Aisn trt.att*d :-trt. t -x:s:e .~ i i~ l i$! : ; .

humanism. linguistic philosophy and t h e "C;t>d-is-dt-;!d" rhc.ij!oeizn+. : k p

l a t te r group seems aiready to be outdared !n s;~it t -E i b f th.3 h*.:id!ifl~s i: receiyed just a couple of years back. The "in ,zrn111;.. T:O\V :k!r . : k~c~~ :~ - )~ : : t :~ s of hope" h~hich a r e greatly de;)enden: o n pr-ot.trss ; ~ h ~ : ~ ~ s t ) l ~ h ? - .

SchilIing himself seenls r l j be influenced b y chi.-: croul) Hc. dt*\.t-l(ilt~ his

own position in t he chapter entitled "Sisnl)o:rs" arid t.\.i:fl illc)uch !~t: ha.

words of censure f o r .J;;rgcri Jloltniar!n. the attinit!- t t r hi.: positliln is qui te obvious. Here is a brief 01-erl-iew of Sc.hi i l i r i~ 's O\$-IJ ;~i)sitiort. (;od Hi11:se:f does not s tand olltside of tirlie but is i~itirr?att*:y ~ > s o r ~ i ; ~ r r c ! with

the creatixe processes. In these yrocesse:; Inan has hit; c ~ w t l treedtr!~; ;tnd rrs~~orir;ih~iit_v in contrihutinp to the cosniic and histir~.ir. ;I!-cicic.r;st-s. Gild

is no !onci.r the "\l-ho[ly Other", to borrow a fanlous ~ ~ h r a s i * I'ror:: Iiari

Ear th . God 1s r a the r suhjrct to ten~ytorality a s H r ol~t.:~s ntrw possilliiitir..:

to r m n in t h e t u t u re .

I, for one, a :elv year:, bark wondered \vh;+r schoo; or ihthci;~gy wrrilid sh ine forth nesr o n r h c ~ hf)rizt)n. I n .Ar:~t-rira th i s ct.ririlrp hxs seer) t h e

Liberal School of \-on Harnack replaced bv r he Srrt-ortht~di~x!- c ~ l f Narr t i

and in the sixties t h e thcniocy of T i l i i r h reached full biuct:lr i r r rhi. 1lrt2:eoric. r ise of the ',God-is-dvad" theoIo~_v. Ir \\-as brilliant hllr t ransivn t . The

new light today on the horizon is the thw1ot.y tha t sves 4;od a s ;)art of

this worIdVs tragedies. Schilling has aligned himself with th i s sc'hool.

For thr pastor who has a desire to keep nbreast \\-ith the. latest tllio-

logical der-elopments. this book is strongly r ~ c ~ o ~ ~ ~ z t t ~ n d r t l , as a n intrcjdu<.-

tion. SO )-ou p u t a w a y your Ear th and Tillirh for t h e t i r i~r and launch r i l r I

into something new. 1 ) 1 ! , - 1 1 [ 1'. .x'c ~ I C A .

F r S D X J I E S T A L S O F T H E FAITH. Edited bl- Cari F. I f . 11r.nry. %tuldt.r~ van PubIishing House. Grand Rapids. L!b1;9. 291 paStL-s. ('ioth. $L.I+.;.

Front 1965 th rough 196s many readers iviII r . t ? f~ ien i l~~r that t f l i r t i w i

bankivts were at tached to the center fold of ('hri.cfirr?l it!/ 7.r,rl.1!/. 'rh+-:e booklets discussed various aspects of the Chris t ian f a i t h fro:^^ :I r.r)zltt.:1i- porarv point of viers-. t3eeause of their obviotrs popularity. Editor Carl I'

H. Henry has published them all under a hard rover edition. I f you remen!- bered to pull these booklets out of your copies, you will have no rlecd t o buy the book. But if Four study- looks Iike nline. t h r y are t.~rrobably rternall!. lost nnder the paper debris.

I 'hl- i .utiunity ' o ( i a y . which is just a lit t le over ten year5 of a y r . ha.: skyrocketed to journalistic fame overtaking t h e older and p e r h a p the

more prestigious I'h ristict3r L'ent~trg and C ' l r r i . s t i r r ~ t i t ~ / N I I ~ ( ' ) . i s is . I t s illflu- ence is so great in t he Slissorrri Synod that both Richard Jnngkuntz and John Warwick 31ontgornery have used its pages to put forth opposing v i e w s on the question of the American Lutheran Church Eello~vship belnrr

Denver. This is a n interesting admission of the success of r ' h ~ i s t i n ? ~ i t y Today. Both men mus t have reasoned that this was an effective means of

' ' tC I ( 'S Book RL I ' 7 9

I c.;tc.h~rrg :rli~soliri Syriod clergynleri. even though the periodical is hardly :,!I t..sc::!.isl~:t~Iy Lu:her;irl journn!.

k 'o t , d f o l , f , ~ r t < r l s o f ttr r f ' r r i t l ~ w ili enjoy the sarlie success a s t h e payent . j ~ , i ! r ' r ~ u i \ s h ~ c h t ,o~~ceived I r . Since t he Luthctratls have been reluctant to i0ut!lish ;I t.~~!itc.rnI)orary dogtnatics, shedding some of the more hoary terms. r l l v Rt.fornlrd have st6q)pc.d i n t o f i l l the gal). This \-olnme may be con- .;!dcrrd So!- ;\!: ;)ractir:al purposes a refreshing u p d a t ~ d dogmatics. As t he r i t le supgrsis, jusr the basic issues a r e discussed: revelation. God, Trini ty. ( .reation, C'l~rist. Spir i t , church, heaven, hell, etc. Don't expect anything ~ b r i hai~r~srt!. c:o111lkkunio11 atid nther sirtiilar areas where the Lutherans have shi11c.d forth ~n the past. Yo11 rriight not like t h e chapter entitled "The K~. lor r~ led I)oct~.itkc. of Sanctification" but the rest of the hook is obviously ~ ~ s e f u l . T1:r 0n1y thing that l r l i ~ h t kee~) the sales down is i f t he pastors si>trI rl:~rrr~i;rging rhrough their desks looki~lg for the back issues.

Z E f I S FK.4(;ES A S I ) l E K I R C H E Hy Christoph Ehniann. Heinrirh Kuhfuss. and J ~ n s Lit t rn. Friedrich Wittig Verlag. Berlin. 1969. 356 pagr-s Paper S o Prirr (Ziven.

The t ~ t l e rciters to t en rluestlons of current theoloplcal interest In t ; r rnlany The respondents ~ncl l ide sixty notables on the scene today, I.rpresenring laymen, admlnlstrators. and theologians on every facet of rhr t h e o l o ~ ~ c a l kale~doscoye. A brief biography of the respondents is htblpful. offrr i t~g also a ltst of t h e ~ r l i terary productions.

Tlir questions touch on the unrest aniong the youth and a s k which authori tar ian positions customarily asserted can nois. he given u p in the dialog; in which areas can there he a more denlorratir practice in t h e chu rch : which a r e t h r 111ost dis turbing elements in the relatiolz between y o u t h and t h e church : should t h e church become a part of t h e general r,cbvolution of rhe day and agitate for political changes; i f the establish- ~ ~ ! i . r i t does tint relinquish its po\vers, is it then not necessary t o apply f(1rc.e; i f the church continues t o offer moral guidance as in "Humanae Vitae," does it not tend to beconir a punitive legislator; under what cir- cunlstances could a union of 3larxisni and Christianity be considered;

why does the division of the schools along confessional lines continue (in Gerniany 1 ; since t he churches have repeated1 y been discredited because of their liaison with the s t a t e w h a t arguments do you offer for t h e corliplete separation of church and s ta te ; is it meaningful for t h e church to receive its incotlie from a tax Ievied by the s ta te ; how should t h e church in the future defray i ts costs?

The answers reveal an amazing uniforniity of opinion on th i s limited set of questions. =\ t might be expected, even t h e liberal s tateemployed theologians do not advocate re\-olution, not in Germany.

Of special interest a r e the answers of Pastor Hans-Lutz Poetsch, t h e speaker on the German Lutheran Hour, a member of the Lutheran F r e e

Churches. Pastor Poetsch is expected a t o u r scinllnary as vislt l n ~ ins t ruc- tor in this spring quarter.

O t t o Stnh lJ,-r ---

THE SACRAMESTS. BY Ernes t J. Fiedler and R. 13enjamin Garrison Abingdon Press and Fides Puhl ishers , Inc.. Sashville, 1969. 1-14 pages.

Cloth. $3.50.

Subtitled "An Experiment in Ecumenica l Honesty," this book. authored by a Roman CathoIic priest and a Methodist minister. discusses t h e mean- ing and significance of the sacraments in t e r m s of the principles of history

a n d the priorities of today. T h e a u t h o r s recognize dortrinal differences. At the same time they maintain t h a t t he distance between the Protc>stant a n d Roman Catholic interpretations of t h e sacraments is far less tharl they originally anticipated. The s t a r t i n g point for a n y study of the s a c m ~ n t , l ~ t ~ is t h e recognition of a human need for cleansing. Hut that is 1111: i l l ; .

According to the authors the s a c r a m e n t s additionally express the nepd fo r wholeness, manhood, forgiveness, mys te ry , t h e presence of God. ,:olll- munity, and the need for celebration. At t h e same it must he jnsi5tr.d t h a t the sacraments have their or ig in in God. A I,utheran reviewer cannot help nlaking the very significant po in t t ha t t h e authors realize the in t i~natc connection between the sacraments a n d J e s u s Christ. Schillebeecks is quoted: "The human encounter w i t h J e s u s is t h e sacrament nf the en- counter with God." Vatican XI is a l so quoted to the effect that Christ is

always present in His Church. "especially i n he r liturgical celebratior~s." Christ is present in the sacraments '-so t h a t when a 111ar1 baptizes i t is really Christ himself who baptizes. H e i s present in his word. since it is he himself who speaks when t h e Holy Scr ip tures are read in the church." F o u r chapters of the book a r e devoted to baptism a s birth and life, and t h e Holy Eucharist. In discussing t h e "lost sacran~ents" the arit hors observe that while Roman Catholics have made the bad mistake of restricting the power of forgiveness t o t h e ordained priesthood. Protestarlls have made a worst mistake by n o t exerc is ing absolution a t all. I t is quite obvious tha t this is too broad a s t a t emen t , especially for a Ilutheran! In discussing the number of sacraments K a r l R a h n e r i s invoked. F o r Rahner t h e church itself i s the primal sac ramen t . The institution of a sacrarxlerlt follows s i n ~ p l y from the fact t h a t C h r i s t founded the Church with its own sacramental nature. In fact, t h e i d e a t h a t some sacraments have always been more important than others is upheld by a reference to Gregory yI1: "Holy Church, the mother of all , h a s received several sacraments. There

a re , however, a few of them, two given by t h e Lord Himself, others insti- tu ted by the apostles." Vatican I1 a l s o asser ted that the church is the universal sacrament of salvation ; according1 y the church within the ~ ~ o r l d i s t h e sign and instrumental of t h e renewal of the world which God intends iu h is Son. The chapter on "the S p o k e n Sacrament" will warm a 1~utheran.s heart. Referance is made to the s t a t e m e n t of the Conlrnission on Faith

and Order. "Sermon and sac ramen t a r e complenlr tntar~. The sacranlent is upheld by, and is the bringing to life of, Our Lord's words of institution:

neglects destructive criticism out of a respect for th t> L ~ ~ s t i ~ r ~ o ~ ~ y of Chr is t . t he critics neglect the test i~nony of Chri5l out of' ;i rs*llrt-l ftir dtar! ruc.tivc. criticism. S o t only is the neglect ~ n u t l ~ a l , h u t i t is b?; !)(.I 1110;?11s ~ l t , i l r thilt the neglect of the critics is Inore praiseworth?.. Let itlollt* itlrirr ( ' h l ' i ~ t i ; i r l .

than of orthodosy." These essays rilakcj fo r both t2a..;) a n d i~ l i . joya l~!~ ,

reading and will help to sharpen tht.c~logical thinking.

T H E KSIV'ERSXL \\'ORT): X Theology for a I.-~li\-rrs;il Fail l?. I < ? - Scl~ F. S. Ferre. The LVrstrninst~r Prrsr. Phi l i~dr lphia . IT)!;?. 2 5 2 pages. ~ 1 0 t h . %B.oo.

I;\- his o\vn adrllission this is t h e a~l rhor ' s O[.)l/s ) ~ ~ ~ l f t ~ I l o r l ill whii.ll ht-

s u m s L I ~ his ~ \ V I I theological position. \Vhat we havi. hr,rch is o t ~ r r ( ~ t ~ s l ~ liol

a ('hristjall t h r o l n ~ y . b ~ l t 3 uni\-ersal i)t~iiosophy of LVh1t.h i l i ! tl!t'!: t3yt!r?'-

\\-here a r r rapable. Esser~t ial to Christian thfolog>' is thar (iod I.V\ t';llt.d H i ~ n s e l f \vithin Je\vish c.ulture. F e r r r ca~lllot li111it hinisvlf t o i h i ~ . "<'OIL-

secluently. revelation a t its it111 heart cannot be Ijr~lirrd t o or I)?' historical faith." God is not known through nrpuriierrt s 01- t 111-otlgh h is tory

H e is known through esperier~ce. Snch espt.rit,nce is t)asir, t o theoloy-! a n d must be accepted by faith. T h e nlarks o f God's ncti\-ity in t he wc~rtd can be identified by the presence of Love. Peace. a n d P ~ r f e r t i i r t ~ . H e is

in the creation in such a way t h a t He can respond to the call o f tLis creatures. \Vith such a concept of theology. there it; no onr point i r . ~

e te rn i ty where God calls creation out of nothing. (;od is always p a r t il l '

t h e creative processes and may not be substractrd froril then1 a n d dis- cussed in the abstract. Creation nray thus be detinvd a s God's o\vn e spe r i - mentations. There is no one perfect creation. hut in different 1,roc.rsses

God is reaching a varity of goals. God is eternal creativity. Sinrfb God a5 Spi r i t i s creative, creation is not a one t iwe act but a process. The crea t ive process can he understood because t he creative Spir i t is not i \-~tterl b>- Love and directed by Purpose. T h i s Spirit is both distinct and identical with the world. So th ing is perfect o r cornplrte because the creative Spir i t

is continually recreating in the sphere of this world. 111 this p l t ~ n there is no moral evil. "Evil is, however. rnostly a xilatter of wrong a d j u s t n ~ e n t

o r wrong choice in ternis of distortion or destruction." T h r concept 01

e ternal life is reinterpreted to mean tha t the soul does not continue aftel. dea th as a separate identity. but tha t the one eternal Sl)irit is potrrltially present in each soul a n d this Spir i t continues to live on in othel- historic-al manifestations.

Ferre 's hook appears on the theological scelle a t a very appro1,riate

t ime i n conjunction with t he 'theology of hope.. [Vhat \ve have h e r e i~ obviously process philosophy presented along \vith a felv theological te rms . T h e question of whether there is a personal C:od must perhaps be left unanswered even though Fer re gives enough reason here t o deny th is

concept. God seems to beconie t h e ilnpersonal sp i r i t force in t h e world. "Thus love is t he theme of a theology for a universal faith. Love is the

Hook Rc1,ieu's - - - .- -- -- - - - -- --

8 3 ----

~)ersonal Spirit. the Universal Word." Love, wherever i t is found is t he nianifestation of Cod. There can be no douht however concerning the tiliiteness of God in th i s philosophy.

TVhilt Fer re says is very much related to the theology of Jurgen Jloltnlann. F r r r e niakes l i t t l r attenlyt to get out of the phi loso~~ti ical carc,gorirs. while XIoltn~aiin is much n ~ o r e biblical in his language. !<ewe is a top level philoso1)her theologian in process theology and this book IS destirlrd to 1)econrr ;I standard for those wlio want t o know th is niaterinl 1i:'s: i innd~

UII r id P . .qc.c~r-t-

- - - . -. . - - -- - -

T l i F: cl'ill'RC'I1 IS F : S L'EIt13IF:SpT. I!?: Riidigvr Reitz. Abingdon Press. S:cshvillt, iilld S r \ v 1-ork. I!lfi!i ?i)5 ~ ~ a g r s . C'ioth. $4 .75 .

So area vi !tleolrrcicai srtidy is showinc as i r~uch imagination as the rrstr-rictriri!ls o f thc (.'hur~.h and H i i d i ~ ~ r Reitz has succinctly capsulated ih t , 111:1jor II~:\Y I'orr~ls. Th i s 1)o11k is superior to previous ~)ublicat ians ht.c;lu$(? i t survt.ys the el:tlVb field. The irlgenuity of new fornis o f church or~;irliz;ition is al~sulutr l>- intriguing. Later sonir serious strictures xnusr i)c. 11:;tdc. agili11r;t the rnorivation of some of these projects and the ul t imate

t.ft'~~c:ti~t,nc~ss nf so:lle o f the more bizarre forms is questionable; however, tl~r.sr. forltls 1-rl)rr.strnt honest a t tenlpts of churches to reinforce their g rasp i t ] :I c-u!tnrtt ;ind society whicrh h a s li t t le use for them. The purpose of t:c~c:irsias(icai r.efol-m on the local l rvr l is to provide more opportur~i ty fo r c.hurrh :nt . r r l t )~r~ !(-) do r~ ior r for each orher and the (:ommunit?-. The y(~11t'ral ther11(: is to put thtx c-hrrrch where the action is.

For* chxa1t)[)lr. onr vhnrch was built without any religious synibolism a t ; t l l atid rhr-. :tdult c.iassc.z bverr c o n d ~ ~ c t ~ d a ro l~nd a soda folrntaiil wi th the. [)astor itsurpillg t h r place traditionally reserved for the soda jerk. . \ r !~lrhrr c,onpr.r.gariot~ gathered i n four different places on four successive 51irtd;rys for discussions. the niost forrnal of which was a dialogue-sermon. Tl?c- \ v h i ~ I c . ritnxts fronl coffer houses to high rise apartment ministr ies i \vl:ir.ll h:is not r s l )~r ie l iced too much success) is d i s cus s~d . Since ecclesi- as;;lir.;~l rr~str~lc!t\tring is i n the a i r . t h e pastor owes it t o himself t o become :tr.qrlainted ivith all of t h e possihiIities offered. some of them exciting and others F)ordrri~ig on the humorons. Fo r example one group brought t he i r lur1c.hc.s f c ) chllrrh every noon to celebrate communion. J h y ru in a good s ~ c u l r t r institution. Iike lunch. with an intrr~sion of t h e supernatural?

Regnrd l~s s of t h e potential of these new forms, serious questions mus t be raised. The church situation in America, regardless of denomination. is con~r rga r iona l . L ike it or not, the congregation nlakes all church work tinanr.ially possible. Are these new forl11.s financiaiy viable without some congregation tossing in the bread? In spite of t he variety of ministr ies in tile S rw Testalllent, the local congregation is t he center of God's activities on earth. Even Reitz seenis to int inlate that t he uItinlate goal of experi- a ien ts in church fornis is t he establishing of a congregation in spite of its rout ine nionotony. C. F. \\'. Walther was not too far off t he beam on this joint. Perhaps t he lrlosr important point, author Reitz does not give

any stat is t ics to show whether these new forms rcsally t.c.ri1tc.11 tht, S ( ~ I - \ ' I ( ' F

H e r e I might be revealing my provincial atti t l ldr a s a faithful reader of t h e Strrt is t icnl Yecll-book. hut as a n eytrprnrly prnzniiitir 11:istor I 11111s: know whether it works or not. S o tirures a r e gi~r .11 to I I I O ; \ S I I ~ ~ ' s\1(.(.tbss.

Spi r i tua l success might not be ineastired in n u ~ n b r r s . I ) I I I as thv sainted president of t he Atlantic Ilistrict. I,r Karl (:raesst.r 1isc.d ! o pc~)ii~t ou:.

o n e of the hooks of the Bible w a s c.alled . 'Sl~r!lht*rs " The c11uri.h .;lloul(l t r y rlew forms, but the church's pastors sho~i ld not r e ~ ; l r d rhi.nlsi\l\t1s at;

church reorganizers \vit h the mrntnlity t ) f ext)rr~r i vt.5 ; t r ( ; t t~~t-r ; i i 3101 OYS.

Bu t for t he pastor who has found .I rlr r t r t t . ~ too t inlid, !iri.t. il1.y +oil!r i'k5;11

changes to chew on. T J I I I 1 f T i' .\I ,

A I - . \ l i l S < ; A L L THISGS HUMAS. B y ;\lcbl\-i:te Sr.ht~c~!loi-t.i. I iolt , ! t i~~ t , l : a~ . : and \\-inston, Set\- I-ork. Chiui~go. Sar~ Fra11cisr.o. I!+ti!+. 1S.4 pagcbs

Cloth. $.l.!r3.

This hook should he ri111st readiiig for :ill s n l t i ~ , stbit-sittistit-(1 (.11111'(.t1 menlbers. who ninnage year af ter ytLnr t o closv their eyi%s to !htb injr~stict-s perpetrated upon minority groups in thcl I:nitrtf Statc.3. alld thc~i r cx;lry t i ;

t h e cries of t he oppressed. I t is written by n tvhitr I~astol. I V ~ O s t * l - ~ r d a11 in tegra ted church of whi te people. ripgrow. and Pllrrto Ric.;rna. in East Ha r l em.

T h e book should be of profound intert.st to ,111 Itnsror4 sprvlnr: 1liinnrlt> groups. because j t is written b y n xian \i-htr 1e:trtlt.d L O ~ i ~ l d r l . ~ t ; ~ ~ l ( f i t l t

under ly ing difficr~lties of this kind of ivork. a ~ i d who had :I I I I ~ ~ I ( . I ~ I I I ( I !

success in i t .

It should, ho\vevt.r, interest a wider a r1dic .n~~ in thts c.hurc.1:. Ir ir

rea l ly a r inging outcry against the racisni and tht; ii1justic.c.s ~vhic~h art. pract iced by white society in America against raciirl ~ ~ ~ i n o r i t i r s . I t lit+ t h e finger on one of the difficrrlties in t h r average white c*hlirc*h. \\-hc.ri thc.

a u t h o r declares. "Apparently i t is easier to rouse. c.hi1rc.h ~ t t ~ v l ~ l t . about pornogml>hy than about inhumane social conditions."

T h e book is well written throughout atld ca1cul;itt.d to ;trollst, t!lt.

consciences of chtirch people. I t is a needed call to re1,entarlc.r

Of part icular inlportanre is t h e last chapter entitled. ' f3L:tc.k :ind White ." T h e th rus t of t he hook Inay be summed 1111 in the fol loiv~nr quota t ion f rom the final c h a y t ~ r :

T h e black man is now making "demands" ra ther than "requests." Thb.

white n lan i s told he must acknotvledge his raeisrn. The hlack nlnn is

saying tha t no white Inan is c o m l ~ l r t ~ l > - free. of racism-as o u r toler- ance of a society that practices dual s tandards of justice and nioralit!. makes clear. Even more i i ~ ~ p o r t a n t l y , white rilrrl lnust be hrotight t r ~ acknowledge how the? haye esploited black 1nt.11 tlrroughout t he :i:~- tion's history, how they st i l l exploit them in a thousand different ways, a n d how this esploi tation has been s o expertly rationalized riiat

it has come to seen1 natural and right.

Finally, the hlack nian demands that the white man "Get off my back." T h e :vhite man docs :lot have to love, or even like him: the black !)Inn : I I C . I . ~ ' I ~ insists that "\Yhitey" should stop being a parasite, robbing t l > ( - l~!ack :nan of h i s manhood and h i s rightful inheritance. The black :!tall tlrntands the right to develop h is life and h is society for his own I~tbnetir and t .o~~i for t . 1 1 t h is willing-no. determined--to accept respon- sihility f i ~ r his own destiny. He is prepared to live and move and have his bring in the shetto. among h i s own kind: but he is determined tha t he shall c.oritr'ol the glletto's inst.itut.ions so that. they will genuine- l y stlrvr-. hinl. and that h e will protit froin the ghetto's c.ornmerce. Since h i s lal)or c ~ ~ ~ i t r i b u t e d significantIy to the wealth of this nation, h e iritc~x~ds 1 0 sha r r in thr benefits of that affluence. S o longer is he a su;)l)lvn~r~rit for his "pie(.' of the ac t io l~" : now he is prepared to denland ; i r~d , i f nrc.csss;lry. to take it. This change irr al11)roach seerrrs possible trpc.;~r~sr tlrcb niyth o f irhitr hrnevolence has been shattered. and blacks f c . i . 3 1 ;1 str-c~nq srnstb of 1111ity with the i r brothers.

. I l l rhls does or rllrnn that the alithor approves of everything that black ~ t r o l ~ ! ~ ;II.P doln:: to ga in thr ir rightfill p1ar.r in the nation. He says:

T h i s dors nor mean that 1:lack Power does not also contain some darrq,'rro~is u ~ ~ d e r ~ u r r e n t s : a s one of my xiiilitant hIack friends put it , 1 hii\-e "thoo!ogic:a! hrrngups.'. L ike many others. I ax11 disturbed b y rhc~ c~niphusiu on violence. . . . although I share the conviction tha t "rwnf~.onrat ion'' ha s gains for t h e black poor. stil l i t is axionlatic t ha t sot-ic.ty c.:rIirlot survive indisciriniinate violence . . .

SOT 3 I X I ) E FOR IJEFEXT. By Douglas Hall. Foreword by Billy Graham. Zondrrvan PnhIishing House. Grand Rapids. 1969. 192 pages. Paper . So prier xiven.

This vivid t~iopraphical tale of an extraordinarily successful evangelist arid pasror is called "The Authorized Biography of Oswald J. Smith." Considering the abundance of homely detail, the word "authorized" may allpear ir~c-o~igr~ious. escept tha t it expresses the very high regard in which the pastor of Pcople's Church in Toronto is held. There is no ;itleln~,t to beatify or to canonize the subject.

t1vr.e is a t a b r r ~ ~ a c l e gosl,el preacher who in h is youth was act ive i n a I-ilrietp of jobs. located partly in Bri t ish Columbia. When he decided t o 1tntt.r the niinisrrp a t ;I sox~iewhat advanced age, h e asked the lord in prayer . spending hours on his knees, where he should go to study. T h e Lord c l ~ a r I y told h im: the Toronto Bihle Training School, but instead he \vent to .\Ian itoba College, \\ 'hipeg. H e speaks encouraging words t o those who Inter in life choose the ministry, but he does not in the same manner recommend Jlanitoba College. T h e description of the life in western Canada renlinds one of the tales told b y Dr. Rehwinckel, formerly of Edmonton.

After various pastorates or vicariates near 'Torol~r.~). (:llic.ag~. 1 1 ~ r l a ~ ~ , Ky., Toronto, Vancouver, he accepted the languishing Parkdale ' ~ a b r l ~ l ~ ; l c ~ l ~ s

in Toronto, which grew and flourished. On his evar~gclisric journeys ]ltt

reached Los Angeles and JIosco\v. People's Church on I(lour Street i,t.c.;rtlll.

a power house under Sniith's guidance perhaps urieclu;~llrd i t ) r h t :l!lrlals of the n~ode rn church. X Iocal mission policy \<as dt:vriolwd, \r h1c.h gl.c\v to such a figure tha t in 1968 the eorlgregatiou contributed to the sui,!,orr ,,f

326 ~rlissionaries in 21 major fields. Pastor Smith fotlrtt:t!n 1i1il11011 dollar- for missions in h i s years. seven illillion dollars fr-oil~ I~'t.c)l)le's Cll1trc.h. Some of the missionary policies read: "1) Each year ;i ~!rissiclna~-y chon vt t l l -

rion is held a t which time a faith p ron~ i s r offering is taken for t l l g - nrbhr twelve rrionths. Only societies who have ~uission; ir i rs supported hy t ] l c .

church are invited. 21 Speakers a r e invited upon the u n d e r s t : d t11at no direct or indirect solicitation of t h ~ congresation \\-ill be illadt 3 , SIissionaries a r e accepted for s u l ~ p o r t upon the undrrstanditig ttlar ttle!- will make no appeal for their extra needs. 4 ) Only nlissionnritxs o i soc.irrit~s accredited by the Interdenominatio11:3l Fort.ign 3Iissioti Xssc~c.ialion of

S o r t h America a r e supported. 6 ) S o attenipr is made to ad~n in i s r e r tht.

work on any of t he fields. XI1 arrangements a r e 111adr hct\\-c.t.ii the rhurcat? a n d society. 9 ) Physical needs a r e not e~~ lphas i zed with co~lgregat ions. XI1

efforts a r e directed to aypealiny 011 a spir i tual level. 11 ) I'aglikcnts arc3 continued for one year following the missionaries' re l i~rr l hornt. or1 fur- lough. 17) Sa t ives a r e not. supported because it is t h r opinio~l fhat this is the responsibility of the host nation."

This is indeed a n amazing record of one pastor's and one congrega- tion's performance in missions. I1 is hearttbning in the t \ve~it i t~th retitr~r-y t h a t t he Gospel can stil l be preached to the salvation of nl:tny. a n d t h;tt the pessimistic outlook of the ecun len i c~ l ITlovrmcBnt. which r.tsport. grandiose meetings but vanishing evangelistic efforts, does nut uhtain in all parts of eonteiilporary Christendom.

O t t o I.'. . i ' trrl~/h-c

WALKISG A S D TALKISG WITH GOL). 1%. Ar thu r Graf Fa i th f-'uhlicn- tions. Jefferson City. 1969. 174 pages. Cloth. $3.93.

Thi s volume, authored by one-time professor of practical theology at

Concordia Seminary, Springfield, Illinois. a n d now pastor in J ~ f f e r s o n . 3iissouri, contains two series of sermons, one on Old Tcsta~nerit rbharart~r: : a n d the other on t h e Lord's Prayer.

In t he Preface the author. says t ha t "an earnest effort is riiade to kvell Christ as Savior central, to avoid ostentation, a n d to apply dortr lnrb life through t h e use of stories and illustrations."

I n both of t h e ser ies the au tho r has succeeded in his endeavor. The reader will find these sermons s imple, direct, a n d provocative of fur ther reflection.

FIr?t)-y J . E!/!/o1(1

Rooh Hcvit.zi~s -

8 '7 -

--

(. 'URISTIa\S ART I S A F R I C A A S D ASIA. By Arno Lehn~ann . Trans- Intrd I,\- Erich I lol)kn, Jalo F:. Sapo la , and Otto Sohn. Concordia pub -

l i s h i ~ l c l i c ~ ~ ~ s r . S t . Lotliy. 156:). 283 pages. Cloth. $12.30.

Tilt. arlthol. of t h i s v o l u ~ ~ ~ r is Professor a t the University of Halle- \\'irrbbrlticl~-g. ;i rht .oir ,~ian and a s tudent of world religions. In 1955 Dr. LI.!:!:;::;:!~ ~,llt,:is\l(~d h i s bonk. I ) i c , K r t ~ t s t tlcr Jrrngen A-it-(-hen ( T h e Art , . b f 1::. )-;,[1(1-.,.!. ( . ! ~ , I x - c ~ P s ) , a work which ~ a i n e d him international attpll- r i : , r i . 'rl;,. I)~-I :SI . I I I \ v ~ r k a11l)~ared in German in 1966 a s . J f , -o r r s i~~ t i . s c f~e 1 I , . ,. I < r ! t ! s ! . ~ * t . ~ f e s s o r Lc11111:inn was a pastor for a number of pears i t ; r , l l t , ; f [!it, !~i i r lge~- ~ . ~ I L I . I . I ~ ~ ! s ii~ld has been a partiripant in ecu~neni ra l i.,~!:t '~.l.~~r;c.r~s, I ] ~ ~ I S ~. . l i ;~l,l i t lg 11liril rn acquire first. hand experience and knowl-

JIO-.; , I ; i l l , ' ( - s ; t ~ ~ i t ) l t > s ~ ) t ' tlir (Itlristinl~ art discussed concentrates on \f:.ic.;, ;,1,,1 .\>ia. ; i l t h o r ~ c h the r radf - r \vil! tinti scjl!>r examples of i h r I ~ I . , . ~ ~ ~ O ! I S of [ h e 1:kit:ros and Indiaris of Sor t h =\:tlrrica a n d a few samj)lep

~ h * - (~I .P ; I I i \ - t - t.ft't'r,rts of t ht. ('hristiarrs of Central Aniericn. The ar t forlns r I r ~ i r :I I I I . C S ~ ~ ~ ~ P ~ arid c l~~s(~? i l )ed include lmintin:. wood carving. sculj)turr. :II.(,I!I t ~ i ~ . r ' . ~ ~ { ~ ~ ' t t - y . dt.;il::ir. dancing. and music. R y means of 2S2 il lustra- r i c ~ r ~ s rht. 1.f%;it1(21. is tiilie11 o:i :L global tour. These ill t~strations a re inter- ~ ~ r i ; : : ~ I . ( I I I I tht; \ i t x \ ~ p ~ i t l t (of ho\\- t h e younger African and Asian churches t~ t i t l~~ r s r : t t~d I ~ I L Cl i r is t ian tnessarc. On pages 9-73 Dr. Lehniann acquaints i l :~ . ;.t.adt.! wirh t h ~ . s t i j r lny history of t he a r t of the younger churches. X 5 t u d ~ - of tht. i11.t t o r t ~ ~ s o f this vulunne indicates that the a r t of S e w Guinea. L~rd~:tn. .lapan ntid 1-ar ious of the nat ions of Africa has assumed a n inde- ~ ~ t n r ~ d t ~ l ~ t ~ O ~ I I ; \\.hrn c.o~llpared \\-it11 religious art of the churches of Xmer- ira and Europe. wh ich were responsible for establishing and for many \-t.;i~.b supLlortlrlg t h e Ijrogram of t h e churches in Africa and Asia. Xew ( ; I I I I I ~ ~ and Central -411lrrica

T h c ~uatcr ia l s g iven in the il lustrations were collected over n period ( s f nnirlly years. ( ' h , . i s t i . f ~ ? r -1)-t i n .Lfriccr rrrtd rlsic~ will no doubt becorne a ht:itid,ird reftLrrllctt volulne, consultrd by Roman Catholic and Protestants <!l:k~. ah neli as t>y s t r ~ d r n t s of the history of ar t . Dr. Lehmann's book

111 ;:IXI d r i l ~ a t r + . ~ ~ r i o n I>rc:rust~ of t h e new at t i tude toward the cu l ture z r r r t l i s i \ - r i izxt ic~rl:: of t h e nations of Asia and Africa. In recent years E;uro;~r;tz~s and X ~ ~ l e r i c ~ a r i s have becotne interested in Asia and Africa not rt~trc.lv fronl it ]wlitic:al 1)oint of view. but from the view that these con- l i t~r .nrs havp a c.111ture worthy of s tudy . In place of t h e haughty a t t i t ude of tllr ~ ,+ . r i ad ot c~~lorl ial isun. many a r e conling to appreciate the exotic and for.r:istr 1:haractt.r o f Oriental and African artistic forms. This new atti- rude dl)l,s no: otllv a l )p ly to ttle secu!ar a r t s but also t he productions of IXonian (:alllolie a n d Protestant a r t i s t s of the younger churches.

Rnymonrl F . Surbury

IIE:KIL IIY CHOICE. The Story of John and Elaine Beekman, Wycliff? Ilihlr Trans la tors in 3iesico. By Jalnes C. Hefley, Zondervan Publish- Ing House. (:rand Rapids, 196s. 195 pages. Cloth. $4.95.

\j'vcl iffc Hible T rans l a to r s has become well known in Pro tes tan t

chrrrch circles in the Iast decade or so. They are second only t o the

Southern Baptists as t o t h e number of \vat-krrs iappros L'4f1,li they ha1.e s en t out.

But exactly what t h e men a n d women they send out do and what t1it.y

have to go through t o d o it is not s o well known. I~ICRIL 1:l- C'H0IcqF: is a well-written, gr ipping Story of a couple who trained undt-r U-ycIiifv and

went to work among t h e Chol Ind ians in Chiapas. l l r s i c o . In a fio\vit~g s ty le the author describes the life a n d work o f these transl;~tnrs--tt~rbir adjustments to ~~eop lc ! of another culture. their joys. prohle~ns. narro\v

escapes and final sa t i s fac t ion of accomplishi 11: \\hat they set r,ut t o do. T h e first reactions of t h e Chols. t he i r heconling Christians, consc:rlaclnt persecution. and the i r l i fe in Christ rnakes interesting reading.

John Beeknian was a competent translatc)r, and since has rist3n hi.ch in the ranks of t he IVycliffe organizat ion. EIc is now the l'ra~isliirion Coordinator for all of JYycliffe work around the world.

Pick up this book a n d become better acqua in t~ t l with the \\.yc.lift't% Bihle Translators. I t will also he lp yon to understand the l i f r ~ arid \vork of personnel sent out t o do the s a m e job under the atrsjric:cs of our 1r:irnllt.l organization. the Ltr theran 13ible Translators .

Otto ( * . Ff l ) l 1 2 f T

SECULAR ART K I T H SACRED THEhIES. E y Jane l ) i l l r r ~ I ~ r r ~ r r . . .Abi~~s- don Press. Sashvi l le , 1969. Cloth. 1-13 pages. $7.50.

T h e format agrees w-ith t h e a r t i s t i c IIuryosP of this book. allo\ving for the publication of l a rge r pictures. The teat is in t w o \vide colrin~na placed side by side.

Jane Dillenberger provides a n excellent introdiirtron a n d cornnienr or1 a select number of pa in t ings a n d scuIptures The title Inay hc. diffic-lilt t o

justify, but the discussion of T h o l ~ i a s Eakins' T'hr ( ' r . l r r i f l~ . lo j~ ln\c-s norlis

of i t s value because t h e au thor discusses a sacred pailitins hy a 1iia11 who produced little in th is category. Eak ins ' \%-ark is con~parrd with ('I!,-is! 4 ) ~

t h e C'r-o.r.9 by Diego Velasquez. A n d r e Derain's 7'Jlc I . t rs t . q r r l r l r ~ r - is coni- pared with that of Pucc io di Buoninsegna. Narc Chiisall's ('rrlt.nr!/ a r ~ d T h e l t 'h i t e C'~ncifirio7t a r e extensively discussed . . . also (;iaronin Jlar~zti's T h e Door of n~trtJt. c o n ~ ~ n i s s i o n e d for St. Peter's in Rolile by Pope John XXIII. T h e discussion includes a lso such nlodern works as Picasso's T h r S I ~ I ? ~ ~ r - i t h f r Lowrb and g a r n e t t Sewman ' s T h e .Vtcftio7rs of tlrr C't-n.?s.

T h e author, Jane Dillenberger, directs the reader's attenti011 to t h v

form, subject matter . symbolism, a n d history of each of the works, offering thoughtful explorations. Over fifty photographs of the works and details

a i d in following the t e s t . Th i s is a helpful guide for anyone who would

undertake to lecture o n a ser ies of sacred works of a r t , not necessarily those included in th i s book-though these are worthy a r ~ d rel)rrsentativt~

selections for our modern time. >ITS. Dillenberger is associate professor in Christianity arid the Art::

a t Sari Francisco Theological Semina ry and The Graduate Theolo~ica l r n i o n in Berkeley. S h e h a s t a u g h t a t Drew and served on the staffs of

t h e Art Institute of Chicago and o t h e r museums of ar t . Otto I.'. .?'trrhlk~

BOOKS HECEI\,'ED A T h e o l o ~ y of Hunrun Hope. By Ruhem A. Alves. Corpus Publications. Washington.

1969. 199 page;. Cloth. $5.95. P h i n Tnlk n,l .In,,lus. B y Xarlford G c v r ~ e Gutzke. Zondervan Publishing House, Grand

Rapids, 1969. 189 pages. Paper. No price given. Pray For .Ioq. By Martin Franzmann. Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, 1950.

,<& pax-. C'1ut.h. J2.7.5. <'iri..;r i n E,rsltrn C h r i s t i a ~ Thouyhl . By John Meyendorff. Corpus Publications, Wash-

i n a t u n . !!+6!1. 21s i ~ a ~ t t i . Cloth. $7.95. l i i s l i , r r / anrf I.:., isfentrr~l Ther, l~~g!r. Ry ?;orman J . T o u n ~ . T h e Westminster Pr-s.

Philarle!phia. 1969. IT 4 pazes. Cloth. $5.95. IJast,,rol C h r ~ , ~ ~ . . c l i n ~ ~ \ t ' ~ t / i Pcoj , lc i ~ r 1)istrcss. B y Harold J . Haas. Concordia Publishing

Hou.ir. St . I.o:ris. 1!+70. :!I3 paxtt;, Cloth. 34-95. The. f C ~ r 1 r . 1 rr,aa!~ ( . h r ; s : . IIy Peter J. Rixa. Corpus Puhlications, Washington. 1969. 124

paxrs. Cluth. $l.!*.?.

L'ntirrctrrt,/li?l!, l ' l t r . . ~ J P ~ , ~ . ( C I ~ J J Y E . B y Wilfricl J. Harrington. Corpus Puhlications. Wash- i nx tv r~ . 1469. X i pages. Cluth. $5.05.

The 1it.1.. lntit,w 1 1 1 S t . ./oh ,I. Tyntlale Bible Commentaries. R. V. C . Tasker, General Krlitor. William H. Eertlrnanc Pul~lishinf Company. Grand Rapids, 1969. 263 pages. Cloth. .! 1 ..;O.

.An l?ltrodrcr~tinra r r z Thr T h ~ . r ~ l ~ ~ ! r j / rrj .Alhrc.r.ht Itifsrhl. By David L. Mueller. The West- minster Press. Philadelphia. 1363. 214 pages. Cioth. $8.50.

I n l r r ~ r l , r ~ ~ f ~ ~ r ! t T:~arfinos in . - l r . * Ihr tdcs. Edited. with a n introduction by John Hospen. T h e Frer Pro;$, S e w l-orli . lilt?!). ;{?6 pages. Paper. No price given.

E a s t e r : .-I Piclnric~l IDil.orimagc. By Benoit, Hagolani. and Leube. Abingdan Press. K w h - \-ille. l!);O. I5 l pages. Cloth. $7.95.

Ytrnirlr Art Il'ith Sarred Themc-9. By Jane Dillenberger. Abingdon Press, Nashville. 1969. 113 pages. Cloth. $7.50.

Dorid. Rs. John Hercus M.D. Inter-Varsity Press, Downers Grove, Illinois, 1966. 136 y a K e s . Cloth. 53.50.

H e r i f a y e of F a i f h . B y Melvin Helland. Augsburg Publishing House, Minneapolis. 1961). 136 pap=. Cloth. $5.00.

Thv Old T~.stamunt of T h e Jer l~sa lem Biblr. By Alexander Jones. Doubleday & Company. New York. 136!!. 1587 paaes. Cbth. $11.95.

L m e f o L)cuth. Hy Michael W. R. West. The Christopher Publishing House. North Qainc?. Sfass.. 1YfXI . 55 payes. Paper. 31.95.

ftlrnnwn!! World BY Michael Green. Inter-Varsity Press. Downers Grove. Illinois, 196P. 125 paces. Paper. $1.25.

Iiiste7a to M r . B y Gladys Hunt. Inter-Varsity Press, Downers Grove. Illinois. 1969. 165 pares. Cloth. $3.50.

The ( )$kc of Ar~ostlr in Thc Early C h u ~ c h . By Walter SchmithaLs. Abinsdon Press, Nash\-ille. 1969. 28s pages. Cloth. $6.50.

l'imlcnl S ler j~ . H y Richard Luecke Fortress Press. Philadelphia, 1369. 139 pages. Paper. 3 1 .!1'5.

I,,rcr t o Irenlh. By Michael W . Rivest. The Christopher Publishing House. Xorth Quincs. Mass., I!lfi!b. 55 pages. 31.95.

Thr. .Ycu. Ska)>r: n/ Paatr,rui Theoloyy. William B. Oplesby, J r . editor. Abingdon Pr-S, Xashv~lle. 196.4. 3S:3 pap*. Cloth. %;.!~.i.

SI.W . W I ~ ~ P I I R ! J . ~ !r,r .\'r u. Hcirr! ts . nS. Richnrrl 1.11eckr. Furtrcl;;~ Press, Philadelphia. 1969. 267 page . Paper. 4'7.50.

'J'ha Sciv,it i!ir- E>ttr,rp r ~ s , rrnd Ch risl iar~ f i s h . By Bfalcolm A. Jeeves. Inter-Varsity Press, Downers Grove . 1969. 168 pages. Cloth. $4.50.

Evidcnrrs (or C.'rru[ion. Essays by Henry Morris, Martin Naumann. John Klotz. Bay- mtvnd S u r h ~ t r ~ . . I3ilrle-Science Associatitrn. Inr.. Caldwell. Idaho. 1969. 94 pages. Paper . $1-00.

K n o w Il.hy l'oa Nclic t:p. Ry Paul I?. L.ittIe. Inter-Vanity Press, Downers Grove. 1969. 110 pare-e*. Paper. $1.25.

Chris t ian f 'h i lnwj~hy in The 20th C e - ~ t u r y . By Arthur F . Holm-. The Craig Press, Nutley. New Jersey. 1969. 245 page.. Paper . $4.95.

Death and Immortnli ty . B y Josef Pieper. Herder and Herder, New York, 1963. 143 payes. Cloth. $5.50.

The Heritage of k'fliih. By Melvin Helland. Au~wburg Publishing House, Minneapolis. 1969. 136 pages. Cloth. $5.00.

Areu. JOT/ ~ U T Daily 1,icing. By Eric C. Malte. Concordia Publishing House. St. Louis, 1969. $6 p a a s . Paper. 81.95.

God is Hart,-Lct'x Cclu6,-ate. By Leslie F . Brandt. Coneordia Publishing House, St. Louis, 1969. .5s pages. Paper. 1 .'is.

I.ot-d. HI. W'ifk. Dy Fiert,ert Brokering. Concordia Publishing House. St. Louis. 1969. 15.5 pares. Paper. S1.95.

Jusus W h y ? (Sermons for Lent and Easter). By Richard R. Csmlmel.er. Co~:cr)rdia Publishing House. St. Louis. 1969. 93 pages. Cloth. E1.95.

H o p e and History. By Joseph Pieper. Herder and Herder, X o w ' f 5 r k . 1969. 106 parts. Cloth. $4.95. Cyelea and Reneu;al. By William M. Ramsay. Abingdon Press. N ~ l : v i l l e , 196:). 159 pages. Paper. $1.95.

Power Beyond Words. B y Allan Jahsmann. Concordin Publishing House. St. Louis. 1169. 180 pages. Cloth. $4.50.

Making Al l Thinys H u m a n : A Church 128 East Har lem. B y Mrlvin E. Schocrnover-. Hol?. Rinehart and Winston. Inc., Xew york. 1969. 16s pages. Cloth. $4.95.

Helping T h e Rctnrdud to Know God. By Hans R. Hahn , Wel-aer 11. Raasch. Concordia Publishing House. St. Louis, 1969. 112 pages, Pupils Test . $1.95; 5-1 pagcs, Instruc- tor's Guide, $1.95.

Man in T r i u m p h . By Harold W . Darling. Zondervan Publishing House, G r a n d Rapids. 1969. 156 pages. Cloth. $3.95.

Last Things. -4 Symposium of Tropketic M e s s e n p e ~ . By H. Leo Edelman. Zondervar~ publish in^ House, Grand Rapids, 1969. 160 pagm, Cloth. $3.95.

Simple S r r m n s o n Prayer. By W. Herschild Ford. Zonden-an Publishing House, Grand Rapids. 1969. 98 pages. Cloth. $2.96.

Runaway World By Michael Green. Inter-Varsity P r s s . Chicago. 1863. 126 pages. Paper. 81.25.

K n o w W'hy I'ou Jle l ieve . By Paul E. Little. Ititer-Varsity P r ~ s s . C h i c a ~ o . 1959. 110 pane. Paper. No Pr ice Given.

Television-Radio-Film f o r Charchmen. Edited by B. P. Jackson. Jr., Abinvdon Press. NsshviUe. 1969. 317 pages. Cloth. $6.50.

J a m e s . .-l Strcdy Guide. By Curtis Vaughan. Zonrlcr\.an Publishing House. G r a n d Rapids. 1969. 128 pws. Paper. No price given.

Your .-ldvrrsary T h e Devil. By .I. Dwight Pentecost. Zonder\-an Publishing Houae. Grand Rapids. 1969. 197 pages. Cloth. $4.96.

Revelation a n d Insvisation. By James Orr. Baker Book House, Grancl Rapids. 1969. 224 pages. Paper. $2.95.

Paul and His Epi~t les . B y D. A. Hayes. Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, 1969. A Reprint. 508 pages. Cloth. $6.95.

A Commentary on Galatians. By William Hendriksen. The Banner of Trust . I . O I I ~ I I I I . 1969. 260 pages. Cloth. 21 shillings.

The Book of On&. B y R. C. Crossfield. The Philosophical Library. h\w York. 1969. 62 pagea. Cloth. $3.50.

In God's Imuga . By Jamb Rosin. The P h i h o p h i c a l Library. Neu- York. 1969. 81 p a g e . Cloth. $4.00.

Historg and Eziateatiul Theology: The Role of H i s f u r y in T h e T h o l r ! ~ h t of I:rrdnV Bdtmonn. By Norman J. Young. Westminster Press, Philadelphia. 1969. 174 paged. Cloth. $5.95.

Spiwza. A Lije of Reason. Second Enlarged Edition. B y Abraham Wolfson. The Philosophical Library, New York. 1969. 347 pagcs. Cloth. 86.00.

T h e Practical Message o f Jamea. B y Howard P. Colson. Broadman Press, Nashville. 1969. 90 pages. Paper. 9L.95.