Book Review - The Organized Mind...8. What to teach our children: the future of the organized mind...
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Book Review: The Organized Mind by Daniel Levitin 2018 © Knut K. Wimberger 1 “In preparing for a battle I have always found that plans are useless, but planning is indispensable.” General David D. Eisenhower’s famous quote could well be the bottom line of Daniel Levitin’s brilliant treaties on how we are supposed to organize our minds in the face of drowning in the 21 st century sea of information. Reading this book is indispensable, but you might very well find it useless. As the author notes by rephrasing Neil Postman’s famous quote: Information has become separated from meaning. The sheer volume of available information and it being rendered in a message not comprehensible to the hunter & gatherer brain which longs for storytelling and physical experiences instead of STEM examinations and binary codes, make information useless. The same is true for this book and the author misjudges the reality of what his readership is capable of. Despite confirming that small libraries are much
Transcript of Book Review - The Organized Mind...8. What to teach our children: the future of the organized mind...
BookReview:TheOrganizedMindbyDanielLevitin
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“InpreparingforabattleIhavealwaysfoundthatplansareuseless,butplanningisindispensable.”GeneralDavidD.Eisenhower’sfamousquotecouldwellbethebottomlineofDanielLevitin’sbrillianttreatiesonhowwearesupposedtoorganizeourmindsinthefaceofdrowninginthe21stcenturyseaofinformation.Readingthisbookisindispensable,butyoumightverywellfindituseless.AstheauthornotesbyrephrasingNeilPostman’sfamousquote:Informationhasbecomeseparatedfrommeaning.Thesheervolumeofavailableinformationanditbeingrenderedinamessagenotcomprehensibletothehunter&gathererbrainwhichlongsforstorytellingandphysicalexperiencesinsteadofSTEMexaminationsandbinarycodes,makeinformationuseless.Thesameistrueforthisbookandtheauthormisjudgestherealityofwhathisreadershipiscapableof.Despiteconfirmingthatsmalllibrariesaremuch
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moreusefulthanlargerones,heconcludesthispopularsciencetitlewithmorethan400endnotesandthiscomment:ListingeverypaperIreadwouldmaketheendnotessectiontentimeslonger,andfarlessusefultothegeneralreader.IthinkitwasHuxleywhosaidthatcompletenessisnotnothingtoadd,butnothingtotakeaway.Levitinisoneoftheforemostcognitivepsychologistsonthisplanet,anaccomplishedmusician,ahighendbusinessconsultantandingeneralapolymath.Helaysoutaplaninthisbookonhowwearesupposedtoorganizeourlivesanddoessowithastonishingeloquenceanderudition.Strangelythough,hewritesalreadyinhisintroductionthatweorganizeourmindsindifferenteducationaldisciplinestodelivereverhigherlevelsofachievement,toprovideanedgeinaworldthatisincreasinglycompetitive.TheOrganizedMindLacksWisdomIhonestlyenjoyedreadingthisbookdespiteitsscholarlystyle,becauseitisthrobbingwithsomuchinformationandknowledge.ButatacertainpointIkeptaskingmyselfifitdoesn’tlackessentialwisdom.Aquestionkeptrecurringtome:CanwereallyburdenallofhumanitywiththeinformationstructuringtechniquesofCEOs,extremeathletesorgeniusmusicians,oristhisjusttoomuchforanaverageperson?Shouldn’tweshiftthefocusfrombeingapsychologistwhoanalysestheimprovedfunctionalityofthehumanbraintotheperspectiveofthesociologistwhocapturesthepictureatlargetounderstandwhatcausestheinformationoverloadandifthissufferingisindeednecessary?Levitinappearsasaphysicianormechanicapplyingtheperfectunderstandingofamachine(inthiscasethebrain)toconductacomplexsurgeryonthesickmind,butfailstounderstandtheetiologyofthisepidemicinformationoverload.IwishLevitinwouldhavewrittenabookwhichtakestheburdenofftheaverageperson(likeTomHodkinsontooktheburdenofparentingfrommyshoulders)insteadofwritingabookwhichtellspeoplehowtobecomeaseffectiveasafortune500CEO.Ittunesintothegeneraldissonanceofourcompetitiveknowledgeeconomies,whichlackharmonyandcooperation.Levitinsetsatonewhichgoadsthereaderintoamindsetofwantingbetterbrainsdespiteconfirmingthatourbrainsarenotmadeforsuchenormousamountsofinformation:Itshelpfultounderstandthatourmodesofthinkinganddecisionmakingevolvedoverthetensofthousandsofyearsthathumanslivedashunter-gatherers.Ourgeneshaven’tfullycaughtupwiththedemandsofmoderncivilization,butfortunatelyhumanknowledgehas–wenowbetterunderstandhowtoovercomeevolutionarylimitations.Levitincomesthusacrossasyetanotherscientistwhoseemstopreferatranshumanistfutureoverhumankindatpeacewithitsmammalnature.Heputshisreaderontrackto
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desireagadgethereandanimplanttheretobecomeatleastbymeansofartificialimprovementascompetitiveasthemostsuccessfulmembersofsociety.BydoingsohejoinstheatheistvisioningofacademicwriterslikehistorianYuvalHarari,whodescribedthefutureofneuralenhancementinhislastbookHomoDeus.Thefirsthumanswhofiguredouthowtowritethingsdownaround5000yearsagowereinessencetryingtoincreasethecapacityoftheirhippocampus,partofthebrain’smemorysystem.[…]Weare[sincethen]off-loadingagreatdealoftheprocessingthatourneuronswouldnormallydotoanexternaldevicethatthenbecomesanextensionofourownbrains,aneuralenhancer.[…]Oncememoriesbecameexternalizedwithwrittenlanguage,thewriter’sbrainandattentionalsystemwerefreeduptofocusonsomethingelse.HenryKissingermentionedinWorldOrderwhichwaswritteninthesameyearasTheOrganizedMind,thatphilosophersandpoetshavelongseparatedthemind’spurviewintothreecomponents:information,knowledge,andwisdom.TheInternetfocusesontherealmofinformation,whosespreaditfacilitatesexponentially.Evermorecomplexfunctionsaredevised,particularlycapableofrespondingtoquestionsoffact,whicharenotthemselvesalteredbythepassageoftime.Searchenginesareabletohandleincreasingspeed.Yetasurfeitofinformationmayparadoxicallyinhibittheacquisitionofknowledgeandpushwisdomevenfurtherawaythanitwasbefore.Levitinfailstoacknowledgethatitismorewisdomwhatweneednow,notmoresuccessfulpeoplewhocanorganizemoreinformationinashortertimetosurviveinanevercompetitivesociety.MissingaSolutionforhowtoTeachChildrenAcloselookintoLevitin’stableofcontentrevealsthatthereisalackoforganization,ablindspotorevenabigquestionwhichhewasnotabletoanswerwhenstructuringhiswork.Idon’twanttosoundcritical.IwouldhaveneverbeenabletobringtogetherthisvastamounttodataandstudieswhichLevitinhasmanagedtopackintothisbook.Hedeservesfullcredittherefore.Thethreepartstructurerevealsthoughthatthereissomethingmissing.PartIprovidesabrilliantintroductiontothehistoryofcognitiveoverloadoverthelast5000yearsandexplainstheneuroscienceofattentionandmemory.PartIIexplainsinfivechaptershowtoorganizeourhomes,oursocialworld,ourtime,ourdecisionsinmomentsofthreatanddanger,andthebusinessworld.Sofarsogood.Icouldn’tthinkofabetterwaytostructurethesetwoparts.ButwhileLevitingoesintoverydetailsofhowtoorganizeourlives,e.g.byexplainingatextremelengthhowemailscanbeefficientlyhandled,hecoversinpartIIIwhatwehavetoteachourchildrenand“everythingelse”superficially.Itstellingthathewritesaboutthepowerof
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thejunkdrawerinthesamesection,whichaddressesinmyhumbleopinionthemostpressingquestionofall:howtosaveourchildrenfromthisinsanity.PartOne
1. Toomuchinformation,toomanydecisions:theinsidehistoryofcognitiveoverload2. Thefirstthingstogetstraight:howattentionandmemorywork
PartTwo3. Organizingourhomes:wherethingscanstarttogetbetter4. Organizingoursocialworld:howhumansconnectnow5. Organizingourtime:whatisthemystery?6. Organizinginformationforthehardestdecisions:whenlifeisontheline7. Organizingthebusinessworld:howwecreatevalue
PartThree8. Whattoteachourchildren:thefutureoftheorganizedmind9. Everythingelse:thepowerofthejunkdrawer
EducatorNeilPostmanunderstoodthetruechallengewithsocietiessufferingfrominformationoverloadinallitsclarityalreadybackinthe1980s.Ina1990speechtitledInformingOurselvestoDeathhearguedthatoursocietyreliestooheavilyoninformationtofixourproblems,especiallythefundamentalproblemsofhumanphilosophyandsurvival,thatinformation,eversincetheprintingpress,hasbecomeaburdenandgarbageinsteadofarareblessing.AccordingtoPostman’sspeech,"thetiebetweeninformationandactionhasbeensevered.Informationisnowacommoditythatcanbeboughtandsold,orusedasaformofentertainment,orwornlikeagarmenttoenhanceone'sstatus.Itcomesindiscriminately,directedatnooneinparticular,disconnectedfromusefulness;wearegluttedwithinformation,drowningininformation,havenocontroloverit,don'tknowwhattodowithit."Levitinaddsthechapterofwhatweoughttoteachourchildrentothejunkdrawer,becausehehasonthecontrarytoorganizingourbusinessworldorourhomesnoanswertothisquestion.Heunderstandstheneurologicalscience,butisn’tabletoconnectthedots.Hewritesthatchildrenaremorelikelytowantimmediategratification,andtheyarelesslikelytobeabletoforeseethefutureconsequencesofpresentinaction;bothofthesearetiedtotheirunderdevelopedprefrontalcortices,whichdon’tfullymatureuntilaftertheageoftwenty(!).Thisalsomakesthemmorevulnerabletoaddiction.
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Educationisthoughnotonlyaboutwhatweteachchildreninschool,butabouttheframeconditionsinwhichwebringthemup.Raisingouroffspringinanaddictionculturewillresultinlotsofaddictedadults.Levitinrecommendstostrengthenso-calledfoundationalconceptsandhabitsofmind.Theyarementalhabitsandreflexesthatshouldbetaughttoallchildrenandreinforcesthroughouttheirhighschoolandcollegeyears.Trainingchildreninthesehabits,butlettingthemgrowupinaculturewhichisanaddictionminefieldmakesLevitinlooklikeaDonQuixoteandmakesmerecallTheMatrix:weneedtobetaughtcriticalthinkingandsoundhabitsofmind,thereisnodoubtaboutit,butaslongasweliveinaculturewhichplaceseachindividualalreadyinitsearlychildhoodyearsintoanaddictioncocoon,whichgrowsthickeraswegrowolder,itwon’tbepossibletoconstructasanesociety.Levitincontradictshisrecommendationofteachingfoundationalconceptsandhabitsofmindintheverysamebook,wherehewritesonlyafewparagraphsearlierthattheprimarymissionofteachersmustshiftfromthedisseminationofrawinformationtotrainingaclusterofmentalskillsthatrevolvearoundcriticalthinking.Teacherswhosucceedindoingsomustbewizardsofneurologyabletochangethehumanbraindevelopment.Howarewesupposedtoteachchildrencriticalthinking,iftheverybrainregionforcriticalthinking,theprefrontalcortex,isnotyetfullyevolvedandisunderpermanentattacktoberendereduselessbyexcessivescreentime,sugarfloodsandmanyotherhabitsofconsumptionwhichcivilizationpressuresusinto?NeilPostmancomparedcontemporarysociety[ofthe1980sandthat’sevenmoresotruetoday]totheMiddleAges,whereinsteadofindividualsbelievingeverythingtoldtothembyreligiousleaders,nowindividualsbelieveeverythingtoldtothembyscience,makingpeoplemorenaivethaninMiddleAges.Individualsinacontemporarysociety,onethatismediatedbytechnology,couldpossiblybelieveinanythingandeverything,whereasintheMiddleAgesthepopulacebelievedinthebenevolentdesigntheywereallpartofandtherewasordertotheirbeliefs.CriticalThinkingvs.SubtleTrustIwroteinthebeginningthatLevitinisapolymath.ReadinghisbiographyIwastrulyinaweabouthislifetrajectoryandtheself-confidentdecisionshemade.HeisineveryaspecthimselfanorganizedmindandanexemplaryCEO–atleastinregardtoshapinghisidentityandself.HestudiedappliedmathematicsatMIT,droppedout,pursuedacareerasmusician,soundengineerandrecordproducer,onlytoreturntouniversityinhisthirties.HecompletedafasttrackPhDincognitivescienceatStanfordandonemustwonderwhere
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theenergy,motivationandaboveallthefinancialsupportcamefrom.ItmighthavehelpedthatLevitinisthesonofanaccomplishedbusinessmananduniversityprofessor,andahyper-productivenovelist,whosurvivedtheholocaust;indicatinganupbringinginannon-religiousJewish-AmericanenvironmentwhichendowedLevitinwithanexcellingnatureandoutstandingconditionsofnurturing.TheOrganizedMindwasdedicatedtoLevitin’sparents“foralltheytaughtme.”WheneverIreadnowadaysanon-fictionbook,Iaskmyselfbywhattheauthorsweredrivenandfromwhatperspectivedidtheystartoff.Whydidtheyspendliterallyhundredsofhoursresearchingandwritingandfromwhichpointofviewdidtheylookattheverysubjectofthebook?Levitinwaswithoutdoubtbornintooneofthesunniestplacesonthisplanet.HedidnotonlygrowupinsunnyCaliforniaintheboonyearsofUSeconomicgrowth,butwasblessedwithabundantmaterialsupport.Startingfromsuchahighleveloflivingstandardandaccomplishment,oneiseasilytemptedtoraiseexpectationsanddesiremore.Ican’tsayanythingabouttheemotionalandspiritualsupportLevitinreceivedfromhisparentsandhisextendedfamily,butitseemstoacertainextentthathissearchfortheperfectlyorganizedmindistheresultofgrowingupinanatheistenvironment,whichmusthavebeeninfluenceddeeplybytheordealhisBerlinbornJewishmotherunderwentafterfleeingEuropeandstartinganewlifeintheUS.Ibelieveit’simportanttoobservethatLevitinmakesnotasinglereferencetohowthespiritualoutlookofapersonortheemotionalbaggageofone’sfamilyaffectsthestructureofthemind;neitherdoeshementionwithasinglewordhowournutritionalhabitsshapewhatwethink,andyes,whatweare.Afewmonthsago,Iwroteanessayabouttheneurologyoffaith,loveandhopeandarrivedatthesomehowmysticinterpretationofJuvenal’squotationmenssanaincorporesano,i.e.ahealthymindrestsinahealthybody.Myinterpretationwasspiritussanctusincorporesano,i.e.asaintspiritrestsinahealthybody-if,andonlyif,themindopensitselftotheguidingforceofGod.IrecallnowyetanotherquotationfromwritingteacherJuliaCameron,whichisrelatedtothistrainofthought:Bealert,always,forthepresenceoftheGreatCreatorleadingandhelpingmyartist.Bothquotationsindicatethatthereisyetanotherforceatworkinorganizinginformationandmakingitavailableatone’sfingertip.It’saforcewhichisbeyondtheunderstandingofourlittlemindswhicharerestrictedbythelimitationsofourpettyandfearfulegos.ItisthemindatlargeasAldousHuxleycalleditinTheDoorsofPerception.LevitinsomewhatknowsaboutthismindatlargeashequotesAlbertEinsteinwhosaid“Thegreatestscientistsare
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artistsaswell.”,butheaddsittothelastchapterinhisbook:EverythingElse–ThePoweroftheJunkDrawer.
Tomanypeople,beingorganizedmeans“aplaceforeverythingandeverythinginitsplace.”Thisisanimportantprinciplefororganizingfiles,tools,objectsinthehomeandoffice,andsoon.Butitsequallyimportantforourorganizationalsystemsandinfrastructuretoallowforfuzzycategories,forthingsthatfallthroughthecracks–themiscellaneousfolderinyourfilingsystem,thejunkdrawerinyourkitchen.ThisindicatesthatLevitindoesn’tknowwhattodowithGodorspiritualorganizationinthesamewayashehasnoideaofwhatweneedtoteachourchildren.Eitherhedoesn’tknoworthescientificdogmadoesn’tallowhimtowriteexplicitlyaboutit.ThismightallsoundasifIdon’tappreciateLevitin’swork.Isincerelydo,butIdon’tthinkthathisconclusionswillsolvetheproblemswhichhumanitycurrentlyfaces,inparticularitwon’tsolvethemostcrucialquestion:whattoteachourchildren?Isaythis,assumingthatthereaderagreesthatwehavedonesomethingwronginthepast,lookingatenvironmentalandsocialdestructionallovertheplanet.Trainingouroffspringtobeevenmorecompetitivewon’tbethesolution.AsHisHoliness,theDalaiLamasaid:Theplanetdoesnotneedmoresuccessfulpeople.Theplanetdesperatelyneedsmorepeacemakers,healers,restorers,storytellersandloversofallkind.
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Whilesuccessfulpeopletendtoneuroticallyorganizetheirintellectualmindandtheirmaterialenvironment,whiletheyholdtightontotheircriticallinearthinking,healers,storytellersandloversareguidedbysubtletrustandtheabilityoflettinggo.Levitinknowsaboutthisandstrangelyenoughconcludeshisbook-afterdissectinglikenobodyelsebeforehimhowweorganizethephenomenalworld–withfaith:Thekeytochangeishavingfaiththatifwegetridoftheold,someoneorsomethingevenmoremagnificentwilltakeitsplace.Mywisewifeputsthisintoevensimplerterms:旧的不去新的不来,i.e.iftheolddoesn’tgothenewwon’tarrive.Manyoftheworld’sproblems–cancer,genocide,repression,poverty,violence,grossinequitiesinthedistributionofresourcesandwealth,climatechange–willrequiregreatcreativitytosolve.Levitinsuggestsnon-linearthinkingandthedaydreamingmodearemuchunderestimatedqualitiesofhumanproblemsolvingandoneisagaintemptedtoreadbetweenthelinesthatthisisthewayhowacognitivepsychologistwritesscientificallyabouthowGodmanifestshimselfinourminds.LevitinquotesonceagainEinsteinsayingImaginationismoreimportantthanknowledgeandcontinueseverywriterwonderswherefictionalideascomefrom,butavoidsananswertothequestionwhichispregnantthroughouthislastjunkdrawerchapter:whatisthesourceofcreativityandimagination?ItisstronglyrecommendtoreadonthisaccountMyStrokeofInsightbyneurologistJillBolte-Taylor.Theaccomplishedbrainscientistexperiencedabrainstrokeatage37andwitnessedhowherlefthemisphere,theonewhichisresponsibleforourlinear,task-positivethinkingandwhichisthoroughlyanalyzedbyLevitin,shutsdown.Whatsheisleftwithisherrighthemisphereandalthoughsheentersaneardeathexperiencesherealizesthatthereissomethingmoreatworkthanhersmallmindandfearfulego.Ifwewanttosolvetheworld’smostpressingproblems,weneedtoremembertwothings.Firstly,Levitin’smostcentralthesis,thatthetwenty-firstcentury’sinformationproblemisoneofselection.Secondly,thatitisnotuswhocanmakethisselection.Levitinwrites,thattherearereallyonlytwostrategiesforselectioninthefaceofthis[informationflood]–searchingandfiltering.Togetherthesecanbemoreparsimoniouslythoughtofasonestrategy,filtering.Andtheonlyvariableiswhodoesthefiltering,youorsomeoneelse.Whenyousearchforsomething,youstartoutwithanideaofwhatyouwant,andyougooutandtrytofindit.IhavecometotheconclusionthatwheneverIgooutandtrytofindsomethingthatIendupbeingoverwhelmedbythemultitudeofchoicestomakeandtheamountofinformationtodigest.SinceIhavesubmittedmylifetoGodandthegreatfilteringsystemofthemindatlarge,IfeellikeIhaveenteredasmoothoperationmodewhichreducestheamountof
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informationorganization.Iorganizeonlywhatisnecessaryforthenextdays,becauseIcantrustthatsomebodyelsetakescareofthejourneyanditsdestination.Levitin’sworkhasscientificallyconfirmedthatIamontherighttrack.Subtletrustrulesovercriticalthinking;butweneedboth.Otherwiseweeitherturnparanoidorsuperstitiousandnaïve.OnemightaddtothisonacynicalnotethatLevitinisnotaverycriticalthinker.Hewrites400pagesinsmallprint,whichwouldturnouttobeatleast600pagesinstandardfontsize,aboutmanyinterestingdetails.Heiscompletelyignorantthoughofpoliticalrealities,whenhereferstothe9/11incidentortheIraqwar.OnewondersifheisnaïveorifhispositioninoneofthemostrespecteduniversitiesontheNorthAmericancontinentforcehimtoavoidthetruthabouttheUSwaragainstitsowncitizensandtheeconomicgrowthparadigmbehindwaragainstothercountries.UselessButIndispensableIfIstartedwiththisreviewbysayingthatreadingthisbookisindispensable,butyoumightverywellfindituseless,Iwouldliketoconfirmforthosewhoarenotinterestedincognitivepsychologythatthisismostlikelytrue.Levitinmakesthoughafewverywiseremarksonthelasttwopages,whichareusefultoeverybody.Hewrites:One’sjunkdrawer,likeone’slife,undergoesanaturalsortofentropy.Everysooften,weshouldperhapstaketimeoutandaskourselvesthefollowingquestions:
- DoIreallyneedtoholdontothisthingorthisrelationshipanymore?Doesitfillmewithenergyandhappiness?Doesitserveme?
- Aremycommunicationsfilledwithclutter?AmIdirect?DoIaskforwhatIwantandneed,ordoIhopemypartner/friend/coworkerwillpsychicallyfigureitout?
- MustIaccumulateseveralofthesamethingseventhoughthey’reidentical?Aremyfriends,habits,andideasalltoosimilar,oramIopentonewpeople’sideasandexperiences?
Gettingorganizedcanbringusalltothenextlevelinourlives.It’sthehumanconditiontofallpreytooldhabits.Wemustconsciouslylookatareasofourlivesthatneedcleaningup,andthenmethodicallyandproactivelydoso.Andthenkeepdoingit.Everyoftenso,theuniversehasawayofdoingthisforus.Weunexpectedlyloseafriend,abelovedpet,abusinessdeal,oranentireglobaleconomycollapses.Thebestwaytoimproveuponthebrainsthatnaturegaveusistoadjustagreeablytonewcircumstances.MyownexperienceisthatwhenI’velostsomethingIthoughtwasirreplaceable,it’susuallyreplacedwithsomethingmuchbetter.Thekeytochangeishavingfaiththatifwegetridoftheold,someoneorsomethingevenmoremagnificentwilltakeitsplace.
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Let’shopethatwefindthatkeytogetridofgreed,capitalismandeconomicgrowth.Thereissomethingmuchbetterwaitingforus.Tofindthekeyithelpstodeclutterradicallyinthematerial,intellectualandtheemotionalworld.Freeourchildrenfromforce-fededucationandtrustthatthelasttwodecadesofresearchonthescienceoflearninghaveshownconclusivelythatwerememberthingsbetter,andlonger,ifwediscoverthemourselvesratherthanbeingtoldthemexplicitly.Zenmastersspeakinriddlesbecausetheyletthedisciplesetneuro-markersonhisown;andthusthecupmustbeemptytobefilled.
Levitinwritesintheintroductionthatthisisthestoryofhowhumanshavecopedwithinformationandorganizationfromthebeginningofcivilization.Ifinformationselectionisthechallengeofthe21stcenturyasheconcludesinchapter9,weneedtoaskhowwecanresetourwayofthinkingfromlineartononlinear;frommanyindividualizedandisolatedtoonecentralizedandconnectedcomputingunit.Itisinparticularchapter8,whichrequiresafollowup,becauseitdoesnotanswerwhatitsetouttodo:describingthefutureoftheorganizedmindandwhattoteachchildren.Andaboveall,itwon’tbeenoughtofollowupwithyetanotheracademicanalysis.Whathumanityneedsisastoryitunderstands.
