Book Review Governance of Daily Life in Africa
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8/2/2019 Book Review Governance of Daily Life in Africa
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Governance of Daily Life in Africa: Ethnographic Explorations of Publicand Collective Services, The
African Studies Review, Apr 2010by Rubbers, Benjamin
Giorgio Blundo and Pierre-Yves Le Meur, eds. The Governance of Daily Life in Africa: Ethnographic Explorations
of Public and Collective Services. Leiden: Brill, 2009. African Social Studies series, vol. 19. x 347 pp. Tables.
Map. Notes. Bibliography. About the Contributors. Index. $108.00. Paper.
Resulting from a conference held in Leiden in 2002, this book presents a collection of thirteen contributions on
the provision of public and collective services in Africa. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, these deal with topics
as diverse as politics in refugee camps in Senegal, waste management in Ghana, drinking-water supply in
Niger, and health services in Tanzania. Though most contributions deserve some attention, for reasons of space
I will focus on those of particular interest to me.
Contributions by Gerhard Anders and Julia Hornberger show the relevance of legal anthropology in the study of
the interplay between state and society. Anders analyzes in depth how a civil servant sought and obtained from
his service two cars (with drivers) to carry the corpse of his housekeeper's mother back to her village. From thiscase study, the author argues that "corruption" in Africa is best understood not as a practice in conflict with
official rules, but as the result of a negotiation among several different types of norms: the heterogeneous body
of laws and regulations; the expectations of redistribution, or feelings of obligation, existing in kinship and
patron-client networks; and the moral debts circulating among colleagues at work. For Anders, civil servants do
not in any simple way fail to enforce official rules because of informal pressure from parents, clients, or
colleagues. Instead, they need to be seen as active agents, playing with the ambiguities in the interrelations
among official, personal, and informal professional norms.
The contribution of Hornberger offers a "thick" ethnography about the consequences of the 1999 Domestic
Violence Act for the police of Westbury, Johannesburg. Women in this district regularly call the police to lodge a
complaint against their male partner in the name of this legislation, but in most cases they withdraw it some
days later. The author argues that such withdrawals result less from women's powerlessness and fear - or the
image of victimhood that brought about the legislation to begin with - than from a form of gendered agency.
Women use police intervention, or the threat of it, to solve private conflicts; they want to teach men a lesson,
not to break off their relationships with them. This practice of inviting the state into the domestic sphere,
Hornberger shows, has a long history in Westbury. It also contributes, he says, to "emasculating" men, because
the relationship of men to women has helped define male identity: since the colonial period women have
commonly been represented as dutiful mothers at home suffering from the violence of absent husbands, and
such a notion of men's power over women has been a crucial component of the masculine self. And the practice
of calling on the police to enter into domestic disputes on the side of the women also erodes the masculine
identity of policemen, who are now required to perform what they see as the feminized job of die social worker.
Although the female point of view is missing, I found this focus on the processes of subjectivization particularly
suggestive.
Contributions by Jacky Bouju and Wiebe Nauta succeed in taking into account the point of view of all
stakeholders - an integrative approach that often remains but wishful thinking in the literature. The two authors
also offer interesting reflections on the concepts of public space and public good. Bouju argues that the
behavior of the inhabitants of Bobo-Dioulasso regarding the cleanliness of common areas is related to their
sense of connection or lack of connection to the urban community. According to this perspective, waste can be
conceived of as a form of resistance against public authorities, though there is the risk here of confusing what
could be simple neglect with a weapon of the weak. Nauta also shows that the concept of public good may be
subject to different forms of "strategic translation" by development brokers. The author emphasizes the role of
research reports produced by NGOs, which are often scientific and technocratic in their format and discourse
but present their data selectively in order to support their political views. This distortion should be kept in mind
when social scientists cite such reports as authoritative sources in their own analysis.
Considered as a group, the thirteen contributions to the book - as Blundo and Le Meur explain in the
introduction - document a shift in the major concerns of the Euro-African Association for the Antiiropology of
Development and Social Change (APAD), from an emphasis on development projects to a focus on public
services. However, although this new direction widens the field of investigation, it nonetheless draws on the
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4106/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4106/is_201004/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4106/is_201004/http://findarticles.com/p/search/?qa=Rubbers,%20Benjaminhttp://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4106/is_201004/http://findarticles.com/p/search/?qa=Rubbers,%20Benjaminhttp://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4106/ -
8/2/2019 Book Review Governance of Daily Life in Africa
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older analytical framework - with particular attention to the role of development organizations and brokers in
the implementation of public reforms. The aim now is to renew the study of the state in Africa - a domain of
research currendy dominated by comparative essays - and to broaden it beyond the ethnography of local
administrations. At the same time, Blundo and Le Meur share the goal, now common in political anthropology,
of moving beyond an approach centered on the state, to take into account the interplay among different
categories of actors in the provision of public and collective services.
The resulting approach can be represented as starting from a determination of a public policy function or goal -
the provision of a public service - moving from there to providing an analysis of the existing institutional and
political set-up, and then a reimagining of the structures that eventually could allow for the goal's fulfillment.
Blundo and Le Meur refer broadly to structures of "governance," but they understand this concept in a non-
normative sense. Here governance refers to the social processes through which different categories of actors
contribute to the provision of public and collective services; it entails an analysis of their cultural frames of
reference and varying interpretations of data and objectives. In my opinion, however, the concept of
governance, precisely because of its normative connotation, obscures more than it illuminates. All in all, I share
the preference of Bayart and Moore for the concept of "governmentality" (8), which implies a focus on the
processes of subjectivation. But this is a matter of words: the aim of the book is to study how public and
collective services are delivered in Africa. For all social scientists interested in this new field of research, it is
definitely essential reading.
Benjamin Rubbers
Universit?de Li?ge
Li?ge, Belgium
Rubbers, Benjamin "Governance of Daily Life in Africa: Ethnographic Explorations of Public and Collective Services,
The". African Studies Review. FindArticles.com. 15 Sep, 2010.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4106/is_201004/ai_n53507798/
Copyright African Studies Association Apr 2010
Provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights Reserved
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