Book of Sara San Kyaw Tun

8/8/2019 Book of Sara San Kyaw Tun

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Published by

America-Burma Institute(A.B.I)

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A. B. I

2230 Benson Ave Apt# A-1

Brooklyn, NY 11214

U. S. AE-mail: [email protected]

Tel: 1-718 333 0801

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tcef;(1)tcef;(1)tcef;(1)tcef;(1)tcef;(1)ZmvkyfuwfzkdUav;ZmvkyfuwfzkdUav;ZmvkyfuwfzkdUav;ZmvkyfuwfzkdUav;Zmvkyfuwfzk dUav;

1? o#K dufaw &Jabmftaygif;&k d @ atedef@ig&k d @ Zmvkyfuwfzk d k @av;1? o#K dufaw &Jabmftaygif;&k d @ atedef@ig&k d @ Zmvkyfuwfzk d k @av;1? o#K dufaw &Jabmftaygif;&k d @ atedef@ig&k d @ Zmvkyfuwfzk d k @av;1? o#K dufaw &Jabmftaygif;&k d @ atedef@ig&k d @ Zmvkyfuwfzk d k @av;1? o#K dufaw &Jabmftaygif;&k d @ atedef@ig&k d @ Zmvkyfuwfzk d k @av;2? atEkdifiH&D;/ awmfvSef&D;/ oHo&m0Jukd pkdif;pm;,if;/ pkdif;pm;,if;/ atrD;cGef;&mwpfck xGufay:vma&/ukd,fhzmomukd,favh t}udrf}udrf/ rD;jref;rda&// ukd,fha&;abmfwdukdavh a'rD;cGef;ukd pdwfeef@tacguf

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vkyf&zkd@av; vGwfvyf&D;&atmif awmfvSef&zkd@// [kwf,m/ baZmifvGwfvyf&D;rsKd;ukd ig&kd@vkda&av;zdESdyfjcif;uif;a& (vlrsKd;&D;t& zdESdyfjcif;uif;a&/ vlwef;pm;t& zdESdyfjcif;uif;a&) vGwfvyf&D;rsKd;ukd ig&kd@vkdvm;a&// t*a,mifhyif pif=u,fjrifhjrwfaw/ zdESdyfjcif;uif;a& vGwfvyf&D;twGuf ig&kd@awmfvSefwkdufckduf&ar// a'umvrm vGwfvyf&D;wkdufayG;ukd jyKjyif&D;eef@prf;vkd@rwGd@// zufqpftm%mtwGif;rmjyKjyif&D;a& zsufqD;a&;ud&d,mwck zdufeDuwfaw// awmfvSef&D;atmifjrifvma&cg ae;AsL[mykdif;rmjyKjyif&D;ukdvkdtyfau axhokH;&zkd@zdufauavh a'tcsdefrm vGwfvyf&D;atmifayG;ukd yjyif&D;eef@r&,lEkdif?Oya'wGif; v_yf&Sm;&D;ukdvkyfzkd@qkdau zdufEkdifa&// ,auavh Oya'wGif; v_yf&Sm;&D;t+cDteDukd&m yD;Ekdifvdrfhar// tqkH;tjzwfukdum; yD;Ekdifzkd@r[kwf// ,if;eef@&m vGwfvyf&D;twGuf awmfvSwf&D;&mt"du &ckdifhvGwfvyf&D;twGuf &ckdifhawmfvSef&D;&mt"du// ,au baZmifawmfvSef&D;vkyfzkd@av;// awmfvSef&D;qkdpGmtqifh(3)qifh[da&//

1 01 01 01 01 0


15/123


44444

ywrtqif hywrtqif hywrtqif hywrtqif hywrtqif htrsKd;om;awmfvSef&D; (National revolution)

'kwd,wef;tqifh'kwd,wef;tqifh'kwd,wef;tqifh'kwd,wef;tqifh'kwd,wef;tqifhajyol@'Drkdua&pD awmfvSef&D;

wwd, tqifhwwd, tqifhwwd, tqifhwwd, tqifhwwd, tqifhqkdacsvpfawmfvSef&D; (Socialist revolution)&kd@yifzdufuwfaw//

,au atedef@&ckdifajytrsKd;om;teDeef @ ZmawmfvSef&D;pcef;tqifhuk d qifaEG;&zkdk@av;//

pmtkyf}uD;rm pcef;qifhukd &Smvkd@rrSefuefEkdif// Om%fynmxufjrufr_eef@ &Smvkd@rrSefuefEkdif// vuf0JtpGef;/vuf,mtpGef;&kd@rm &Smvkd@avhrrSefEkdif// ig&kd@&ckdifh&kyfb0 orkdif;rm&m&Sm&zdk@// aemuf+rD;qGJ0g'&kd@eef@ &S mvkd@&zkd@r[kwf// ody`Hae;us awmfvSef&D;oabmw&m;eef@&m &Smvkd@&Ekdifzkd@// &ckdifvlr_tazG@tap;. &k yfb0/&kyforkdif;ukd vSnfh=unfhau ukdvkdeDb0/ ukdvkdeDorkdif;ukd wGd@&zkd@trSef// ukdvkdeDrmawmifu zkD;uG,fcH u|efykef;ukdvkdeD(Hidden colony) zdufeDa&// ukdvkdeD &ckdifhvlr_tazG@tap;rm ukdvkdeD&ckdiftrsKd;om;eef@Arme,fcsJ@&kd @. t"duydyuQtzduf wGd @&a&// yxrpcef;tqihf+zdKufaw trsKd;om;awmfvSef&D;ukdukdifwG,f&zkd@yif+zdKufaw// ,if;rSwyg; tjcm;r[d//

rsufarSmufumvrm Armzufqpfaeacs@&kd@ukd trsKd;om; awmfvSef&D;eef@ &ckdif+rDu ESifxkwfykduf&zkd@yifzdufaw// a'pif=u,frGefjrwfawtvkyfukd ig&kd@vkyf&zkd@zdufaw// ig&kd@,l&zkd@wm0ef+zdKufaw// ukdvkdeDEkdifiHwpfckrm trsdK;om;vGwfvyf&D;r[dab;/ vlwef;pm;vGwfajrmufr_ r[dEkdif? trsKd;om;vGwfvyf&D;r[dbJ Zmvlr_wkd;wuf&D;ukdrS rvkyfaqmifEkdif? ,if;eef@&m ukdvkdeD&ckdif+rDrm ig&kd@&ckdiftrsKd;om;w&yfvkH;taeeef@ yxrqkH; trsKd;om;vGwfvyf&D;ukd qifaEG;vm;&zkd@? wcsdefaw;rm ukd,fh&ckdifvlr_tazG@tap;wGif;ydyuQ/ vlwef;pm;csif;ydyuQ/ rsKd;EG,fpkcsif;ydyuQ/ a'oE W&ydyuQ/ EkdifiH&D;tkyfpkcsif;ydyuQ/ tm;vkH;a& vufatmufcHydyuQ zdufeDodvkd@// ,if;ydyuQukd trsKd;om;&D;ukdOD;wnfvkd@ rdwfquftoGif ajz&Sif;vm;&zkd@//

1 11 11 11 11 1


16/123


55555

tcef;(2)tcef;(2)tcef;(2)tcef;(2)tcef;(2) ig&kdUZmawmfvSef&D;rsKd;eefU awmfvSefuwf&zkdUav;ig&kdUZmawmfvSef&D;rsKd;eefU awmfvSefuwf&zkdUav;ig&kdUZmawmfvSef&D;rsKd;eefU awmfvSefuwf&zkdUav;ig&kdUZmawmfvSef&D;rsKd;eefU awmfvSefuwf&zkdUav;ig&kdUZmawmfvSef&D;rsKd;eefU awmfvSefuwf&zkdUav;

csKdufaw&D;az:taygif;&kd@ atedZmawmfvSef&D;rsKd;eef@ awmfvSef&zkd@av;/ a'rD ;cGef;ukd txufuawm@cg wqdwfauavmuf aqG;aEG;c,m+zKdufaw? a,au tausacs@vkd@raqG;EG;cif &SD;txufutrsKd;om;acgif;aqmif}uD;wd ZmawmfvSef&D;rsKd;ukd vkyfcuwfawav;qkdpGmukd wcsufavmuf vdhvma=uhuwfOD;ar? ,if;apmf&kd@a& ZmawmfvSef&D;rsKd;ukd vkyfcuwfawav;? awmfvSef&D;pcef;qifh (3)qifh[dpGmrm yxrpcef;qifhukd vkyfcuwfawvm;// r[kwfau 'kwd,tqifhukd vkyfcuwfawvm;? wwd,qifhukd vkyfcuwfawvm;? wae; trsKd;om;awmfvSef&D;ukd vkyfcuwfawvm;? r[kwfau vlwef;pm;awmfvSef&D;udk vkyfcuwfawvm;? r[kwfau qkda,SvdwfawmfvSef&D;ukd vkyfcuwfawvm;? &ckdifhvlr_

tazG@tap; &kyforkdif;eef@ &ckdifawmfvSef&D;orkdif;ukd vdvma=uhvkdufau yxrpcef;qifh/ trsKd;om;awmfvSef&D; qifaEG;ca=umif; wdG@c&zkd@yif+zKdufaw? ig&kd@tz&ckdifajya&AD-1784 (AC.1146)uyifvGwfvyfaw/ rSdckduif;a&/ tcsKyftcsmtm%mykdifqkdifa&/ trsKd;om;EkdifiHb0u vGwfvyfr_ rSDckduif;r_tcsKyftmcsmtm%mykdifqkdifr_wd vkH;0qkH;,SKH;vc+yD;au ukdvkdeDu|efb0ukd usa&mufvcpGm *edxufxdvGwfvyf&D;r&od// trSDtckduif;a& tcsKyftcsmtm%mykdifqkdifa& trsKd;om;EkdifiHb0ukd ra&mufEkdifod/,if;a=umifh u|ef+zKdufvca&1146-ck jymokdvqkyf 7 &uf1146-ck jymokdvqkyf 7 &uf1146-ck jymokdvqkyf 7 &uf1146-ck jymokdvqkyf 7 &uf1146-ck jymokdvqkyf 7 &uf eduyif okd@r[kwf Armhya'o&kdufaeacs@&dk@ &ckdifajyukd pvkd@0ifvma& 1146-ck ewfawmfvqef; (4) &ufeduyif awmfvSef&D;. zcif}uD;ausmfxDG; pwifqifaEG;ca& &ckdifajy trsKd;om;awmfvSef&D;um; tqkH;owfatmifayG;ukd *edxdra&mufod/,if;a=umifh trsKd;om;awmfvSef&D; tqkH;owfatmifayG;+zKdufaw trsKd;om;vGwfvyf&D; atmifayG;twGuf &ckdifajy trsKd;om;awmfvSef&D;ukd qufvufqifaEG;uwf&zkd@?

1 21 21 21 21 2

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18/123


77777

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(u) r[mya'o&kdufaeacsUudk awmfvSefjcif;/(u) r[mya'o&kdufaeacsUudk awmfvSefjcif;/(u) r[mya'o&kdufaeacsUudk awmfvSefjcif;/(u) r[mya'o&kdufaeacsUudk awmfvSefjcif;/(u) r[mya'o&kdufaeacsUudk awmfvSefjcif;/&ckdifajyukdusL;ausmfzkd@ Armaeacs@&kd@ &ckdifajyem;okd@ 0ifvma&cg awmifukwfaeu

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awmifrif;}uD;a& ajrmufOD;/ rif;jym;u4if;/ &rf;ajy@u|ef;u tdrf&Sdrif;a[mif; oufpHa&$&kd @yg; u4if;/rmefatmif+rKd@pm; AdkvfxGef;atmifausmf&kd@yg;u4if;/ pkdufulawmif;vkdufaw? a,tcg tcsif;csif;oHo,0ifeDuwfvkd @ pkpkap;ap; aeacs@ukdckcHz@kdpdwf"mwf ra&mufEkdifcuwf? wauG;wjym;pD +zKdufeDuwfaw?

(1) ajrmufOD;bk&if r[morRw&mZm tjyif(2) ia=u;awmifu "g;rEkdifwrif;(3) yaEM;acsmif;u|ef;u aumif;nGef@&efwkdifwrif;(4) =uyfpifu|ef;u "g;ykdif=uD; oHa'wrif;(5) &kd;u|ef;u ukvm;a&$pmwrif;(6) wef;avG;u awmifrif;}uD; ausmfxGD;wrif;

(7) rmefatmifu|ef;u owkd;jzLwrif;&kd@yif+zKdufaw//

1 41 41 41 41 4

ukvm;qdka& toHk;E_ef;rSm ukvm;ydkiftom;ar;a&vlud k ac:pGmjzpfaw?rlqvifukvm;udk qdkvdkpGmr[kwf?


19/123


88888

tpktai trsm;tjym;yif [deDuwfaw? ,if;eef@Zk Armaeacs@&kd@a& wck +yD;wck wkdufckdufcsKd;ESdrf@zkd@ avGulvm;ca&// Armaeacs@ ya'o&kdufum; y&da,t&mu ajywef;qmykdif avS@zsm;wwfawtwkdif;/ &ckdifokdufpmazmufwdukd &Sduwif,lc+yD;au ajyolvlxkukd wywf&kdufcoda&? ,if;eef@Zk tcsKd@tcsKd@&GmZm;&dk@oDrif;}uKdqkdayG;wdukd vkyfrdcuwfoda&? awmifrif;}uD;a& &ckdiftrsKd;om; awmfvSef&D;orkdif;a=umif;uaeacs@ukd yxrqkH; ayG;OD;eif; wkdufxkwfcol+zKdufaw? pkduftiftm;rr#vkd@ wef ;avG;acsmif;u qkwf+yD;au&rf;ajy@/ oHawG;/ rmefatmifaeu acgif;aqmifwdukd wyfaygif;pkzkd@/ Armaeacs@ukd wkdufxkwfzdk@}uKd;pm;ca&? rSefuefa&r[mAsL[m/ ae;AsL[myifjzKufaw? awmifrif;}uD;a& aemifawmf"g;ykdif}uD;pHay:&D$/ &rf;ajy@pm;AkdvfaygvkH;/ vrkpm;AkdvfvSckdif/ &rf;ajy@pm;AkdvfxGef;atmif&kd@eef@ vltiftm;oHk;aomif;ausmf pkap;+yD;au wkH;ausmufqdyfwkdufayG;u Armaeacs@ukd tEkdif,lvkdufaw? 'kwd,w}udrf jyif;jyif;xefxefwkduf

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ck wykdawG;vqef; 13-&uf/ we*FEGDedu arm&yy'awmifxdyfu r[mrked&kyf&Sifawmf. ukd,fpm;awmfukd

1 51 51 51 51 5ajrmufOD;rSm tkyfcsKyfeDa& Arm+rKd@0efudk jynf}uD;0efvdk@ac:&a&?


20/123


99999

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awzkd@vkd@yD;&a&? ,if;tjyif pkdufayG;rSmygvDa& &ckdiftmZmeDaygif; a&m*gzD;/ iwfrGwfjcif;zD;eef@ oDvD&a&vltaygif;&kd @rSm r&DwGufEdkifatmifyif+zKdufaw? Arm&kd @ ac|;wyfaqG;,lvm;cpGmavh trsm;tjym;yif+zKdufaw// ,if;eef@ &ckdiftrsKd;om;&kd @a& &ckdifajytaemufzufjcrf; +Adwdo# t&SdtdEdN,ukr%Dodrf;,lxm;a&a'oudk ukef;a=umif;wrsKd;/ &Da=umif;wzkH/ xGuf+yD;vDuwfaw? pkdufwaumif; awmif&kd;awm&kdif;&kd@udk wkd;0ifvDuwfaw? vltaygif;avh trsm;tjym;yif+zKdufaw// oHawG;/ &rf;ajy@/ rmefatmif/pa& a'o&kd@uyifavh &Da=umif;zGifhum b*Fvm;t0u|ef;/ u|ef;&kdif;&dk@ukd ckwfxGif,Sif;vif;Asmvf eDvDuwfaw// vltaygif;avh tajrmuftrsm;yif+zKdufaw? 1798-ck Arm&kd@ ajrmufOD;ukd odrf;ykduf +yD;aemuf14 E_duft=umrSm &ckdiftrsKd;om; okH;ykHESpfykHa& &ckdifajy taemufzufjcrf; +Adwdo#ykdifeufodk@ ajymif ;&$d@vm;vDuwfaw? uywdef[d&rf;aumpuywdef[d&rf;aumpuywdef[d&rf;aumpuywdef[d&rf;aumpuywdef[d&rf;aumpf (Captain Hiramcox). tpD&ifcHpmt& AD-1799-ckrSm

&ckdifom;aygif; 4 aomif;/ r[kwfau 5-aomif; ajymif;&$d@vma=umif; az: jyxm;a&? atcsifha& 1799ckE_duf wE_duftwGif; ajymif;&$d@uwfpGm+zKdufaw? &ckdif'kuQaoaygif;teuf w&ufrSm ta,muf20-a,mufpD oDqkH;vDa&// vmvrf;wav#mufrSm vloDtavmif;xyfeDa&// vltkdwd/ a&m*gaowd/ rdcifwd/ta,SwdrSm c&D;=urf;wav#muf r&DrwGufEkdifatmif oDqkH;vDa&? trdtavmif;xufrSm Ekd@pkd@eDa&ta,Swdavh trsm;tjym;yif+zKdufawvkd@ ol@tpD&ifcHpmrSm az: jyxm;a&? tck&ckdifajyrSm qufcHeDa&&ckdiftrsKd;om;taygif;&kd@a& ,if ;tcgu toufroDvkd@ usefvkdufaw &ckdifzkd;zD;ZlZmu qif;oufvma&&ckdiftrsKd;om;wd +zKdufawqkdpGmudk rrdtyf/ rrd&/ vl@awmfvSef&D;orkdif;qufukd vlrod& vlrsKd;qufukdvlyifqufcH&zkd@yif+zKdufaw? ,if;ykdif +zdKufeDcsdefrSm 1798-ck Armbk&ifarmif0kdif;u vlaygif; 4 aomif;eef@oDeyf 2-aomif;&kd@ukd &ckdifajyuawmif;cHyga&? ,if;eef@Zk Arm+rKd@0ef&kd@u ac|;wyfaqG;eDvD&m ,if;E_duf1160-ck wef;aqmifrkef;vqef; 2-&uf t*FgeDrSm vufsmjyef&Gmtkyf Akdvfwkd;pH/ AkdvfaumapG/

'*Fg;awmif;pm; AkdvfwkH;pH&GD&kd@a& wkdufap/wkdufarmif;wD;vkd@ awmfvSefwdkufckdufuwfaw? ,if;awmfvSef&D;tiftm;pka& ia&;aumufrSm wyfawvkd@ awmfvSefuwfaw? +rKd@ol}uD;OD;oHa'.om; Akdvfcsif;jyeforufvwf&kH;Akdvf/ yvufpm;AkdvfpH&kd@avh r,lurf;atmifwyfrSm wyfaw+yD;au awmfvSefwkdufckdufvDa&? &rf;ajy@+rKd@ol}uD; AkdvfpHjrrSmum; Armaeacs@&kd@u Akdvfcsif;jyefeef@ qufoGufa=umif;ukdodvm;vkd@ uGyfrsufcHvD&a&? AD.1811 (AC 1173)rSm Akdvfcsif;jyefum; ewf+rKdufurf;+cD [m&Aif;u vlpka&cg 1500 avmuf&a&? r,lurf;atmifwyfodk@a&mufawcg vl 3 aomif;txd&vma&// ,if;c&kdufE_dufarvrSm armifawm+rKd@ukdodrf;+yD;au &ckdifwajyvkH; awmfvSef&D;tiftm; jzef@=uufvkdufaw ZGefvtavavmufrSm ajrmufOD;+rKd@awmfrSty usefwajyvkH;ukd Akdvfcsif;jyefodrf;xm;vkdufaw? ,if;aemufykdif; Akdvfcsif;jyefa& up>ye'Dukvm;wef+rdKuftaemufzuf,kd;ilt&yfrSm aZ,sm0wD+rKd@udk awaxmifvkdufaw? Akdvfrsufawmifa&SukdeENdaoeAE


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Akdvfaom=um/ &rf;0+rdKufu Akdvfwkd;atmifausmf rtDt&yfu +rKHawmifpm; Akdvfr_;armif!dk/ wyfr_;Akdvf!dka&mifjzL&kd@ wm0ef,luwf&a&? ajrmufOD;+rKd@ukd Adkvfrsufawmifa&S vrkpm;Akdvfa&Gvl&kd@ 0kdif;0efydwfqkd@xm;a&? rmefatmif+rKd@u vuf&kef;Akdvf/ wdrf=um;Akdvf&kd@ 0kdif;0efydwfqkd@xm;a&? oHawG;+rKd@udk +rKd@okdufpm;Akdvfarmifa0 AkdvfbcsKduf&SD&kd@ 0kdif;0ef;ydwfqkd@xm;uwfaw? ,if;tcsdefavmufrSm Akdvfcsif;jyefa& pkdufwaumif;w&m;ol}uD;yg;odk@ oHpmwapmifykd@vkdufaw? +Adwdo# t&SdtdEdN,ukr%Du vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmufulnDygu bmvufaqmifyD;+yD;au rdwfta=u;azG@ta=umif;ukd &D;om;vkdufaw? ,if;tcsdefuyif ,if;ykdifvkyfpGma& Akdvfcsif;jyef. ae;AsL[myif+zKdufaw? awmifrif;}uD; usifhokH;ca& ae;AsL[meef@wla&? yufyif;umvrSm &ckdifajy. t"duywdyuQrSm Armaeacs@eef@ &ckdifwrsKd;om;vkH; +zdKufeDa& ywdyuQ+zKdufaw? Armaeacs@rSm ya'o&kdufaeacs@+zKdufaw &ckdiftrsKd;om;w&yfvkH;ukd ya'o&kdufvlwef;pm;t& zdESdyfowfjzwfeDa& trsKd;om;vuQ%mt&yf&yfukd zsufqD;eDa&? trsKdom;w&yfvkH;ukd rsKd;jzKwfeDa& ,if;eef@Zk a'ydyuQukd az,Sm;wkdufxkwfzkd@twGuf Armya'o&kdufaeacs@. &efzuf+zKdufaw +Adwdo#t&SdtdEdN,ukr%Dukd t&Htiftm;pkt+zdKuf rdwfazG@,lr_ukd awmifrif;}uD;&kd@ Akdvfcsif;jyef&kd@ }uKd;pm;cpGma& obm0usa& rdwfazG@&kHr[kwfab; ajyukdxkd;tyfaurSm;a&? a,auArmya'o&kduf vufatmufcHb0u +Adwdo#t&if;o#if aeacs@vufatmufcHb0wkd@ u|efvufajymif;vJvkduf&kH&muszkd@?

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o#&kd@rodatmif +rDatmufap;&kH;&D;ukd&m vkyfEkdifca&? a,+yD;au pkdufcsDvm&a& wrkd;wGif;vkH;rSmavhvdhusifhzkd@aumif;aumif;r&Edkif? tkd;ykduf/tdrfykduf +AD;v$m;eD&a& &ckdifvl@tazG;tap;a& aeacs@ 2-wkdif=um;

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rSm &kef;uefeD&pGmu avGa&tvkyfr[kwf? Zmyif+zdKuf+zdKuf Akdvfcsif;jyef.awmfvSef&D;a& aeacs@qef@usif&D;tpkduftrSefyif+zKdufaw? 1811-ck/ 'DZifbmvukda&mufvwfawtcg Armaeacs@ ya'o&dkufarmif0kdif;a& a=u;a=umif;/ &Da=umiff;pkduf2-a=umif;u &ckdifjywkd@v$wfvkdufaw rtDacsmif;wkdufayG;rSm &ckdif&kd@,_H;edrf@vkd@ awmifykdif;u &Dwyftm;vkH;a& pae;cHwyfeef@pkap;eD&a&? yifava=umif;wkdufayG;rSm ,_H;edrfh&jyefa& bkwftpD; 300 vlwaomif;teuf 200 ysufpD;vD&a&?

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1812-ck/ (1174-ck uqkHv)rSm Akdvfcsif;jyef. vuf&DG;pifwyfa& ia=u;awmifcHwyfudk 0ifpD;+yD;au Armaeacs@wyfr_; ivGef;ajyudk uGyfrsufvkdufaw// ,if;tcsdefavmufrSm t*FvdyfpkdufAkdvfume,fvfarmf*ef(Canal Margan)u Akdvfcsif;jyef. rdom;pkeef@ vuf&kHef;Akdvf/ vrkpm;Adkvfa&$&kd@ukdzrf;qD;+yD;au pkdufwaumif;tusKdif;axmifrSm csKyfxm;pDa&// ,if;rSm vuf&kef;AkdvfauGvGefvDa&/ usefawmfvSef&D;rdom;pkudk '*g;+rKd@rSm tauscsKyfeef@ tdrfwaqmifrSmxm;vDa&? Akdvfcsif;jyefum; awmfvSef&D;atmifvHukdv$ifhxlajr; v$ifhxljyD;au r,lurf; r*Fvm=uD;awmifrSm wyfcsxm;a&? aemifawmf av;+rKd@pm;Akdvfatmifausmf '*Fg;awmifpm;AkdvfwkH;pHa&G/ Akdvfapmfum; a,mufzawmf AkdvfoufESH&kd@eef@ ap;&kH;+yD;au

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1813-ck/ (1175-ck/ waygif;v)rSm Arm+rKd@0ef aemf&xmqkdola& &ckdifvloefvljyef&kd@eef@ pkdufwaumif;ae+rDu jyefvmuwfaw tdrfaxmifao pkduf+yD;&kd@udkyg &ifukd"g;eef@acG;+yD;au usD;pm/ iSufpm/au|;vDa&// tjcm;wzufrSm +Adwdo#ukr%Duavh Akdvfcsif;jyefukdzrf;&au tdENd,&_yD'*F g; 5000 ol@vufatmufcH Akdvfudkzrf;&au &_yDaiG 1000 yD;zkd@vkd@ qkaiGxkwfqifh a=ujimvkdufaw? AD-18 &mpktqkH;19-&mpktp umvrSm tz&ckdifajyrSm 3 yGifhqkdif pkdufayG;cif;usif;eDc&a&? aeacs@ 2 &ef=um;rSm &ckdifvlr_

tazG;tap;=um; ysKdufeDc&a&? Armaeacs@ usL;ausmfpumvu &ckdifvl@tazG;tap;udk tvSyvEkd;aqmifE_difa&? acgif;aqmifaumif;ray:xGef;c? a,auavh trsm;pkudk wef;avG;acsmif;u awmifrif;}uD;

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ausmfxGD; OD;aqmifEdkifca&// aeacs@ya'o&kdufukd t"duywdyuQxm;+yD;au +Adwdo#aeacs@ukd vufatmufcH ywdyuQxm;vkd@ t&Htiftm; tultiftm;t+zdKufxm;zkd@ }uKd ;pm;cuwfaw? a,auavhukd,f&kd@tcsif;csif; ap;&kH;r_tiftm;ae;yg;cvkd@ awmfvSef&D;,_H;edrf@c&a&? ig&kd@ckduftwGuf ocFef;pm,lp&myif+zKdufaw? ,if;aemuf Akdvfcsif;jyefa& 3 yGifhqkdifpkdufayG;ukd qufvufqifaEG;a&? ol@vufxufrSmap;&kH;&D;aumif;rGefvma&? a,auavh vufeuftiftm;eef@ pkdufynmtiftm; tqrwef edrfhuseDa&twGufeef@ aeacs@ 2-&ef.'%fa=umif; ,H_;edrfh&a&? ,if; 3 yGifhqkdiftax;rSm +Adwdo#aeacs@u y&da,ta=uG0qkH;+zdKufvkd @ &ckdiftiftm;ukd xGm;xGm;nufatmif pkdufuZwf+yD;auxm;ca&? wzufrSmAkdvfcsif;jyefukd awmfvSef&D;rvkyfEkdifatmif t=uyfukdif+yD;au Armaeacs@ukd rdwfvkdvdk/&efvkdvkd qufqHxm;a&? vlrsKd;&D;pdwfjyif;xefa& Armaeacs@&kd@um; rGeftrsKd;om;udk rsKd;jyKwfatmifowf+yD;au rGefajyukdArmajyvkyfykdufvkdufawykdif &ckdifajyukdvkyfzkd@}uKd;pm;vDa& +Adwdo#&kd@um; attuGufukdjrif+yD;om;+zKdufaw? &ckdifajy jrefrmajyudk ol&kd@odrf;ykdufzkd@ }uKd ;pm;eDuwfaw? &ckdiftiftm; xGm;xGm;ysufvkd@ evefrxlEkdifatmifxd ol&dk@apmifha=u@eDca&? ,if;+yD;rS&m &ckdifukdt&Htiftm; rDG;Zyf+yD;au Armajyudkodrf;zkd@tm;xkwfxm;a&// ,if;ykdiftm;xkwf}uHpDcsufukd t*Fvdyf-jrefrm pkdufayG; 3 ayG;pvkH;rSm oufoDt+zdKufwGd&a&// ,if;pkdufayG;wd +zdKufvwfaw? &ckdifpkdufwyf&dk@ (Magh Corpo) azG@+yD;au ap;&kH;odrf;oGif;,lvm;ca& +Adwdo#t&if;o#ifaeacs@&kd@. y&da,um; azG;rD;eef@avhwla&? wazG@azG@avhavmifa&? 3-yGifhqkdif&efokH;OD;rSm tm;ae;qkH;+zKdufaw? &cdkifukd &ckdiftz+rDjyifrSmyif Armaeacs@vufcsufeef@ xGufxGuf}uDatmif rodrom r[kwfau ododomom uZwfxm;ca&? a,+yD;au &ckdifukdt&Htiftm;vkyf+yD;au Armudkwkdufckdufodrf;,la&;? &kd;ajzmifhola& aumufusKdufaw t=uHorm;yg;rSm ,m,Dus&pajr;?AD.1813-ck/ o&ufcsKd cHwyf+rKd@uqkwf+yD;au pkdufwaumif; awmif&kd;aeukd0ifvm;ca&? Akdvfcsif;jyefa&

+rKHaxmif(Tripura State)

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&ckdifajyukd &ckdifjyef&atmif toufudkyD;qyf+yD;au toufxufqkH; }uKd;pm;ca&? r,l+rKdufa=umif;uwkdufckdufvkd@ ratmifjrifEkdifa&cg ukvm;wef+rdKwf!Smu pkefqif;+yD;au ajrmufOD;+rKd@awmfudk jyefodrf;zkd@

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