Book of abstracts - energia-geotermalna.org.pl filePOLISH GEOTHERMAL SOCIETY _____ 3 HONORARY...

POLISH GEOTHERMAL SOCIETY www.energia-geotermalna.org.pl

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Book of abstracts

ISBN: 978-83-65874-02-3

Publisher: GLOBENERGIA Sp. z o.o.


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HONORARY COMMITTEE

Prof. dr hab. inż. Jacek Banaś – AGH University of Science and Technology

Mgr inż. Piotr Bąk – Head of Tatra district

Prof. dr hab. inż. Wojciech Ciężkowski – Wrocław University of Science and Technology

Leszek Dorula – Mayor of Zakopane

Prof. dr hab. Jan Dowgiałło – Institute of Geological Sciences PAS, Honorary Member PSG

Dr Tomasz Nowacki – Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute

Prof. dr hab. inż. Wojciech Górecki – AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of

Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection , Department of Fossil Fuel, Honorary

Member PSG

Prof. dr hab. Mariusz Orion Jędrysek – Chief National Geologist and Government

Plenipotentiary for State Raw Materials Policy, the Ministry of the Environment

Dr inż. Artur Szymon Michalski – Deputy President of the National Fund for Environmental

Protection and Water Management

Dr Teresa Latour – National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene

Prof. dr hab. inż. Roman Ney – Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish

Academy of Sciences, Honorary Member PSG

Prof. dr hab. inż. Władysław Nowak – West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin,

Honorary Member PSG

Prof. dr hab. inż. Jacek Matyszkiewicz – AGH University of Science and Technology

Prof. dr hab. inż. Andrzej Szczepański – AGH University of Science and Technology

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Dr hab. inż. Antoni Barbacki – Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish

Academy of Sciences

Dr hab. inż. Wiesław Bujakowski, prof. IGSMiE PAN – Mineral and Energy Economy

Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Dr hab. inż. Aleksandra Borsukiewicz-Gozdur – West Pomeranian University of Technology

in Szczecin

Dr hab. inż. Józef Chowaniec – Polish Geothermal Society

Dr inż. Piotr Długosz – Pro Invest Solutions

Dr hab. inż. Krzysztof Galos, prof. IGSMiE PAN – Mineral and Energy Economy Research

Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Mgr inż. Marek Hajto – AGH University of Science and Technology

Dr inż. Mirosław Janowski – AGH University of Science and Technology

Dr inż. Michał Kaczmarczyk – AGH University of Science and Technology

Dr hab. inż. Beata Kępińska, prof. IGSMiE PAN – Mineral and Energy Economy Research

Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Dr Barbara Kiełczawa – Wrocław University of Science and Technology

Dr Maciej Kłonowski – Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute

Mgr inż. Jarosław Kotyza – AGH University of Science and Technology

Dr hab. inż. Arkadiusz Krawiec – Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń

Dr hab. inż. Piotr Kubski – Association of Polish Consultants

Dr Ewa Kurowska – Polish Geothermal Society

Mgr inż. Paweł Lachman – PORT PC

Dr inż. Elżbieta Liber-Makowska – Wrocław University of Science and Technology

Dr hab. inż. Michał Stefaniuk, prof. AGH – AGH University of Science and Technology

Dr inż. Maciej Miecznik – Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish

Academy of Sciences

Prof. dr hab. inż. Stanisław Nagy – AGH University of Science and Technology


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Dr inż. Bogdan Noga – Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in

Radom

Prof. dr hab. Stanisław Ostaficzuk – Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the

Polish Academy of Sciences

Dr hab. inż. Leszek Pająk – Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish

Academy of Sciences

Dr Adam Porowski – Institute of Geological Sciences PAS

Dr inż. Aneta Sapińska-Śliwa – AGH University of Science and Technology

Dr Karolina Smętkiewicz – Pedagogical University of Cracow

Dr Robert Skrzypczak – Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish

Academy of Sciences

Dr Mariusz Socha – Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute

Dr inż. Anna Sowiżdżał – AGH University of Science and Technology

Prof. dr hab. inż. Andrzej A. Stachel – West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin

Dr hab. inż. Tomasz Śliwa, prof. AGH – AGH University of Science and Technology

Dr hab. inż. Barbara Tomaszewska – Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the

Polish Academy of Sciences

Dr inż. Beata Wiktorowicz – Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute

Prof. dr hab. inż. Rafał Wiśniowski – AGH University of Science and Technology

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Mgr Grzegorz Burek – GLOBEnergia, PSG

Mgr inż. Bartłomiej Ciapała – AGH University of Science and Technology, PSG

Mgr inż. Barbara Czerwińska – Polish Geothermal Society, PSG

Mgr inż. Marek Hajto – AGH University of Science and Technology, PSG

Mgr inż. Wojciech Ignacok – PEC Geotermia Podhalańska S.A.

Dr inż. Michał Kaczmarczyk – AGH University of Science and Technology, PSG

Dr hab. inż. Beata Kępińska, prof. IGSMiE PAN – Mineral and Energy Economy Research

Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, PSG

Mgr inż. Aleksandra Kasztelewicz – Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the

Polish Academy of Sciences, PSG

Dr Ewa Kurowska – Polish Geothermal Society, PSG

Mgr inż. Justyna Lis – GLOBEnergia

Dr inż. Anna Sowiżdżał – AGH University of Science and Technology, PSG

Mgr inż. Monika Szczygieł – AGH University of Science and Technology, PSG


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List of abstracts

1. Banaś J., Balcer M.; Sulfide passivation of carbon steel in geothermal waters

2. Bryła J.; Geothermal development model

3. Chowaniec J.; Professor Stanisław Sokołowski - the discover explorer of thermal water (geothermal)

in the Podhale region

4. Ciapała B.; Analytical models of the borehole heat exchanger ground heat source exploitation

(GEOPLASMA-CE)

5. Ciapała B., Janowski M., Jurasz J.; Ultra-low-temperature district heating with individual peak heat

source in the contex of covering typical detached house heat demand

6. Dowgiałło J., Farbisz J., Fistek J., Fistek R.; Exploration of thermal groundwater in the Nysa Kłodzkia

graben (Sudetes Mts.) and the idea of its capture for the needs of Bystrzyca Kłodzka town

7. Galos K.; Combined heat, power and metal extraction - CHPM2030 Project

8. Gągulski T., Gorczyca G.; Diversification of geothermal conditions of the Cenomanian water-bearing

system on the example of new drillings from the Busko-Spa region

9. Gieras J.; Advanced data processing technologies made by oil industry in the service of geothermal

energy

10. Goetzl G., Borovic S., Kłonowski M.; MUSE Project - managing shallow geothermal energy in

urban areas in Europe

11. Górecki W., Sowiżdżał A.; Is the real use of water and geothermal energy in Poland for commercial

purposes?

12. Górka T., Rasała M.; Well integrity evaluation in geothermal wells using induced electromagnetic

defectoscopy EMDS

13. Hajto M., Kozdrój W., Wyrwalska U.; Identification of conflicts and environmental sensitivities in

urban and rural areas, related to the use of shallow geothermal heat, using heat pump installatios, based

on the example of the Kraków and Wałbrzych agglomeration, implemented within the framework of the

GeoPLASMA-CE international Project (INTERREG-CE)

14. Janowski M., Ciapała B.; Shallow bedrock layers temperature local variability – trivia or touchstone?

Historic view and possible application

15. Janowski M., Hajto M., Herbuś H., Kurpaska S., Gliniak M., Latała H.; Geothermal energy potential

for Polish greenhouse sector

16. Kaczmarczyk M.; Life cycle assessment in geothermal energy secotr - world experience review and

the possibility of implementation in Poland

17. Karpiński M., Małolepszy Z.; The mine waters of Upper Silesia – never ending story of geothermal

exploration

18. Kasztelewicz A.; Selecter mineralogical and petrographic aspects of the Podhale geothermal system

19. Kępińska B.; A review of geothermal energy uses in Poland in 2016-2018

20. Kępińska B.; The state of geothermal energy uses in the world and in Europe for 2015-2018


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21. Kępińska B.; The first geothermal projects in Poland under the financial mechanism of the European

Economic Area

22. Kiełczawa B., Liber-Makowska E.; Variability of selected deposit parameters of thermal curative

waters from Cieplice

23. Kłonowski M., Kocyła J., Ryżyński G.; Assessment of geothermal energy potential based on

analysis, interpreparation and reclassification of geological data in urban areas

24. Kłonowski M., Midttomme K., Dziekan-Kamińska E., Kocyła J., Kalaskin R., Ryżyński G., Żeruń

M.; Assessment of the possibility for use of shallow geothermal enregy in urban areas - results of the

Geothermal4pl Project

25. Kruszewski M., Wittig V.; The influence of mechanical material properties of cement and rock

formations on stresses in the wellbore cement under defined reservoir conditioning of a geothermal well

26. Książyk K.; Legal background of the develpment of geothermal energy sector in Poland and

Germany - a legal comparative analysis

27. Kurowska E.; Intercontinental education and coopertaion in the field of geothermal energy

exploration and implementation in light of the contemporary mass migration of people

28. Maćkowski T., Sowiżdżał A., Wachowicz-Pyzik A.; Seismic methods applied to the characterization

of geothermal reservoir in the Kalisz region, Central Poland

29. Noga B., Kosma Z., Zieliński J.; Analysis of the possibility of increasing the absorption capacity of

injection opening on the example of a geothermal heating plant in Pyrzyce

30. Pająk L, Bujakowski W.; Changes in the purchase price of heat originating from Polish geothermal

heating plants in the period 2007-2018 based on settlement tariffs

31. Pełka G., Luboń W., Kotyza J., Malk D.; Analysis parameters of heating - cooling installation with

ground source heat pump in heating and passive cooling mode

32. Przelaskowska A., Drabik K., Klaja J.; Estimating the theramal conductivity value of the Carpathian

basement meso-paleozoic sandstones on the basis of their mineral composition

33. Rasała M.; Possibilities for the commercial use of cooled geothermal brines in the Kujawy Region

34. Ryżyński G., Żeruń M., Łukawska A.; Guidelines for cohesive and non-cohesive soils serial

laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity for the purposes of shallow geothermal potential

mapping and databases

35. Skrzypczak R., Bujakowski W., Kępińska B., Pająk L.; Opportunities for geothermal waters and

energy's application in agriculture in Poland

36. Socha M., Szuflicki M., Gryszkiewicz I., Sokołowski J.; Assessment of the possibilities of using

thermal water in the Lesznowola commune area

37. Sołtysik G., Wiśniewski S., Nowak W.; Assessment of possibilities to increase the power of a

geothermal power plant with water from a Lower Triassic reservoir through the replacement of one-

cycle ORC power plant by binary power plant

38. Sowiżdżał A., Hajto M., Papiernik B., Mitan K., Hałaj E.; Characteristic of hydrogeothermal

paramaters of the Lower Cretaceous and Lower Jurassic reservoir in the Mogilno-Lódź Trough based

on the results of three-dimensional structural-parametric modeling


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39. Stefaniuk M., Ostrowski C., Sada M., Cygal A.; Hydrogeothermal horizons inside a crystalline

massif in light of the results of a geophysical survey based on the example of the Lądek Zdrój reservoir

40. Stożek J., Sosnkowska M., Dudek I.; From the health resort to the modern wellness center in

development of geothermal health resorts in Poland

41. Struś M.; Geotermal-Agro-Biofuel-Energy Center as a chance for energy self-sufficiency in the

region

42. Szulc A., Tomaszewska B.; The concept of using local renewable sources as possibility to reduce

low emission in health resort Rabka-Zdrój - assumptions to the Project

43. Śliwa T., Gonet A., Sapińska-Śliwa A., Złotkowski A.; Geoenergetics Laboratory - 10 years of

avtivity at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków

44. Świerszcz K., Ćwik B., Górecki W.; Possibilities of using goethermal resources to supply thermal

energy to defense systems

45. Tomaszewska B., Sowiżdżał A., Chmielowska A.; Consideration on the concept of adapting

abandoned oil and gas wells for geothermal purposes - examples of global solutions

46. Tomaszewska B., Tyszer M.; Concentration of geothermal water in the process of nanofiltration.

Preliminary assessment of the impact of the use of the selected antiscalant on the properties of the

concentrate

47. Wachowicz-Pyzik A., Sowiżdżał A., Pająk L.; Optimization of working conditions for the

geothermal doublet in the Kalisz area using numerical modeling

48. Wiktorowicz B.; The possibilities and conditions for the use of sulphide geothermal waters in Solec-

Spa

49. Wiśniewski S., Sołtysik G., Nowak W.; Evaluation of the effectiveness of one-cycle ORC power

plant supplied by geothermal water from lower and middle Triassic reservoirs, using a wet and dry

working fluids

50. Wyrwalska U., Ziółkowska-Kozdrój M.; Methodology of 3D geological model construction in order

to calculate geothermal potential map in Wałbrzych region: activities of GEOPLASMA-CE Project


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Jacek BANAŚ, Marek BALCER

Geotermia Mazowiecka S.A.

SULFIDE PASSIVATION OF CARBON STEEL IN GEOTHERMAL WATERS

ABSTRACT

Corrosion investigations of a number grades of carbon steel and chromium nickel steel in geothermal

installations, carried out both in the laboratory and “on line” conditions, indicate that iron sulphides are

the basics corrosion product in this anaerobic environment. The sulphide film formed on the metal

surface may be a barrier to metal dissolution and we have ti deal with the phenomena of “sulphide

passivation”, a phenomenon analogous to oxide passivation in oxygen containing media. The structure

and stability of the film, which determines the resistance to corrosion, depends on the physicochemical

and hydrodynamic conditions at the metal/ water interface. The lecture presents selected examples of

the formation of sulphide layers in geothermal installations. A mechanism of pitting corrosion of

sulphide passive films on iron alloys has also been proposed.

KEY WORDS

corrosion, geothermal waters, sulfide passivation


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Jędrzej BRYŁA

GEOOP

Lokesvej 2, Torkilstrup

4060 Kirke Såby, Denmark

GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL

ABSTRACT

The development of geothermal energy has seen challenges in adoption from district heating companies

due to significant differences in the maturation of well projects compared to “typical” district heating

projects – waste incineration, biomass or cogeneration.

To tackle this issue, the GEOOP has developed a Geothermal Development Model that helps district

heating companies understand, implement and manage geothermal projects. The GEOOP has chosen to

base its theorem of project development on 12 phases, adapting the methodology from the oil & gas

industry.

As a project moves from inception to implementation, the project undergoes changes. GEOOP looks

at multiple factors, with organization, risk and commercialization being the main pillars of process. At

the inception of the project, the project team is small and agile, and has a focus on geology and

infrastructure. As the project develops, it changes pace and the organization grows to accommodate the

disciplines involved in drilling and production. Risks in the project are seen as both technical and

commercial risks. The risks change as the project develops, and the organization must understand how

to accommodate these changes.

At each phase the development must take each milestone decision.

Is the project sound – technically and financially?

Are risks understood, managed and communicated to the stakeholders?

Is the organization strong and is there stakeholder commitment?

Is there a clear understanding of the goals and milestones of the next phase?

This publication discusses the approach taken to ensure safe, economical and technically viable

geothermal projects.

KEY WORDS

Geothermic, business model, operator, risk management, heating


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Józef CHOWANIEC

PEC Geotermia Podhalańska S.A.

PROF PROFESSOR STANISŁAW SOKOŁOWSKI – THE DISCOVERER EXPLORER OF

THERMAL WATER (GEOTHERMAL) IN THE PODHALE REGION

ABSTRACT

The 55th anniversary of the discovery of geothermal water in the Podhale region (Antałówka Hill,

Zakopane) in the Zakopane IG-I borehole will be celebrated in 2018. The project of drilling the borehole

was elaborated by Professor S. Sokołowski in cooperation with A. Sławiński, M.Sc. Professor

Sokołowski distinguished two groundwater horizons under the Podhale Flysch in the area of Zakopane.

The upper one of low-mineralized groundwater with the content of hydrogen sulphide and the lower one

of mineralized and sulphated earth-alkaline water.

Based on thermal water from the Zakopane IG-1 well in the second half of the 1960s, an open swimming

pool was built, and was still operating in the 1970s. In 2006, a modern Aqua Park was opened, powered

by thermal water from the Zakopane IG-1 well, as well as from the Zakopane 2 well which was drilled

in 1975.

The Professor died in Warsaw, on October 3, 1990 at the age of 90. According to his will, he was buried

in the family tomb, at the Pęksowy Brzyzek Cemetery in Zakopane. He will be remembered by many

generations of geologists as a discoverer of the Podhale thermal (geothermal) waters, a righteous man,

an outstanding scholar with comprehensive scientific interests, extensive knowledge and vast research

experience.

KEY WORDS

Professor Stanisław Sokołowski, geothermal wates, Podhale, the Tatras, geological research


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Bartłomiej CIAPAŁA

AGH University of Science and Technology

Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection

Department of Fossil Fuel

Al. Mickiewicza 30

30-059 Kraków

e-mail: [email protected]

ANALYTICAL MODELS OF THE BOREHOLE HEAT EXCHANGER GROUND

HEAT SOURCE EXPLOITATION (GEOPLASMA-CE)

ABSTRACT

Over years, many borehole heat exchanger power estimation methods have been developed, including

analytical procedures. The principal target of each of them is assessment of energy amount, which may

be transferred from or into the ground so as to borehole heat exchanger perform in desired way for a

given period of time. On one hand, precise estimation of available borehole heat exchanger’s power is

crucial not only due to installation’s durability, but also initial capital expenditure, thus it is crucial that

the assessed value is possibly accurate. On the other, significant obstacle is usually limited data

availability. Therefore, mathematical excellence of the method may not give expected results or event

corrupt outcome, if it requires as an input parameters hardly known, unknown or unviable to be set a

priori. The recognised methods of borehole heat exchanger heat transfer rate estimation for known

geology and exploitation conditions are to be presented.

KEY WORDS

Borehole heat exchanger, power, heat transfer rate, exploitation

The poster has been prepared under GeoPLASMA-CE (CE177) (AGH no. 04.04.140.70290) project and under

AGH University of Science and Technology Department of Fossil Fuels statutory research no. 11.11.140.031


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Bartłomiej CIAPAŁA1, Mirosław JANOWSKI1, Jakub JURASZ2 1AGH University of Science and Technology



Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków

e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2AGH University of Science and Technology

Faculty of Management

ul. A. Gramatyka 10, 33-332 Kraków


ULTRA-LOW-TEMPERATURE DISTRICT HEATING WITH INDIVIDUAL

PEAK HEAT SOURCE IN THE CONTEXT OF COVERING THE TYPICAL

DETACHED HOUSE HEAT DEMAND

ABSTRACT

District heating networks are seen as an important solution to combat climate change, improve the

quality of life and, above all, reduce air pollution due to so-called low emission. Most of them are

powered by conventional sources and their technical parameters assume a high medium temperature.

However, global trends indicate an increasingly common tendency to design and utilize low-

temperature networks. These solutions seem to reduce transmission losses and make it possible to use

commonly available low-enthalpy sources.

The article presents a mathematical model and assumptions regarding the parameters of a ultra-low-

temperature district heating. Based on the hourly temperature values for a typical meteorological year

(Polish conditions), the minimum temperature of the heating network medium for a single-family

building with designed heat loss of 100 W/m2 was determined with the restriction that the peak source

should consume less energy than a heat pump with a seasonal performance factor at level 5.

As a result of the carried out calculations, it was indicated that the lowest acceptable temperature is

42.5°C and this allows a capacity factor of 60% to be obtained while providing 80% of the energy

required in the building.

KEY WORDS

District heating system, low-temperature heating, district heating heat losses


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Jan DOWGIAŁŁO, Jan FARBISZ, Józef FISTEK, Adam FISTEK

EXPLARATION OF THERMAL GROUNDWATER IN THE NYSA KŁODZKA GRABEN

(SUDETES MTS.) AND THE IDEA OF ITS CAPTURE FOR THE NEEDS OF BYSTRZYCA

KŁODZKA TOWN

ABSTRACT

The paper recurs to investigations initiated in 1992 at the Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish

Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. The aim of the work was to prepare the basis for development of

geothermal communal house- heating systems for selected towns of the region. Bystrzyca Kłodzka was

one of the most proper locations such system based on thermal groundwater supposed to exist in its area.

The project anticipating a. o. expensive exploratory drilling has not been approved by the then

Committee of Scientific Research, but the authors continued occasionally the work on it. Scientific data

completed during the last 25 years and the new policy concerning renewable energy encourage to return

to elder ideas.

Important quantities of hot water are supposed to occur within sedimentary (Upper Cretaceus)

and metamorphic (Lower Palaeozoic and Precambrian) rocks of the graben. Hydrogeological

prospection and shallow magnetotelluric soundings have shown that the most promising area is located

along the line Idzików-Bystrzycfa Kłodzka -Gorzanów. This line marks a mighty tectonic disturbance

in the ground. In order to find and supply hot water for the communal house-heating system in Bystrzyca

Kłodzka the authors propose to perform two deep magnetotelluric profiles cutting perpendicularly the

above-mentioned tectonic line and remote from each other by 1,5 km. This investigation is supposed to

indicate the depth of disturbances and their geometry, namely inclination and direction, thus allowing

to precisely determine the location and depth of the production drilling and the shallower absorption

well.

The total expenses of finding, catering capturing and supplying hot water to the Bystrzyca

Klodzka house-heating system have been calculated on the basis of prices for the year 2017. Assuming

that the depth of the production well will not exceed 2200 m the estimated total cost of the investment

may amount to 22 million zl.

KEY WORDS

hydrogeological prospection, thermal groundwater, magnetotelluric sounding, deep drilling,

communal geothermal house-heating


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Krzysztof GALOS

Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Ul. Wybickiego 7A

31-261 Kraków


COMBINED HEAT, POWER AND METAL EXTRACTION

– CHPM2030 PROJECT

ABSTRACT

The CHPM2030 project is carried out within the Horizon 2020 Program financed by the European

Union. Its aim is to develop modern and potentially breakthrough technological solutions, which will

help to cover the European demand for energy and critical metals in one combined process. It aims to

transform ultradeep metal ore formations into “enhanced geothermal-deposit systems”, which will be

the basis for the development of new type of installation for combined heat, power and metal extraction

(CHPM), with the improvement of economic viability of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) projects.

The development of EGS is an important technological and economic challenge. On the other hand,

Europe strongly needs to secure the supply of metals for European industry. The utilization of large

ultradeep metal ore deposits can be a path to this. Such deposits are out of conventional mining methods,

with very high rock temperatures. The proposed combined approach requires novel methods to operate

in suitable metal-bearing formations using a combination of geoengineering and advanced

electrochemical methods.

The CHPM2030 project aims to prove technical and economic feasibility of such an approach on

a laboratory scale. It focuses on laboratory investigations for the technology of in-situ leaching,

electrochemical metal extraction, harvesting electrochemical energy, and appropriate systems

integration for a new type of facility. It should create scientific and technological backgrounds for the

development of future installations for combined heat, power and metal extraction. Combining the use

of geothermal energy and metal mining may change the perspective of the development of geothermal

energy use in Europe, combined with the development of critical metals supply development.

It is worth mentioning that one of the potential areas for further pilot work for such technology may

be concentrations of the Zechstein Cu-Ag ore south of Poznań at a depth of 2500-3800 m, with a rock

mass temperature of 90-130 °C.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal energy, Enhanced Geothermal Systems, metals leaching, critical metals


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Tomasz GĄGULSKI, Grażyna GORCZYCA

Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute

31-560 Kraków, ul. Skrzatów 1



DIVERSIFICATION OF GEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS

OF THE CENOMANIAN WATER-BEARING SYSTEM ON AN EXAMPLE

OF NEW DRILLINGS FROM THE BUSKO-SPA REGION

ABSTRACT

The Miechów Basin is a prospective area in terms of geothermal water occurrence within the

Cenomanian aquifer. Three hydrogeological drillings (OB-I, OB-II, and OB-V) were made in the Busko-

Zdrój area in 2016–2017. These geothermal water boreholes are located on both sides of a large regional

dislocation called the Radzanów Fault. The geothermal water in this area occurs within the depth interval

between 732.5 to 344.0 m, and the maximal temperatures at the outflow range from 21.5 to 27.2°C.

These are chloride-sodium and chloride-sulfate-sodium waters, often with iodide and sulphide. Despite

the fact that these waters occur within the Cenomanian formations, they do not always contain hydrogen

sulphide. The results of the studies showed that better geothermal conditions take place on the southern

side of the Radzanów Fault.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal waters, Busko-Zdrój, water bearing system, Cenomanian, geothermal gradient


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Jerzy GIERAS

GK Processing Sp. z o.o.

ul. Przemysłowa 17

32-083 Balice


ADVANCED DATA PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES MADE BY THE OIL INDUSTRY

IN THE SERVICE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

ABSTRACT

Due to dynamic development, the oil industry has created very complex technologies for the earth's crust

exploration The exploration based on seismic data analysis has been specifically excelled in R&D

centers. Programming-processing platforms allow geophysicists to build algorithmic trees and process

the data using advanced algorithms. One of such platforms is Omega, a Schlumberger product. This

complex processing environment is mainly used by large companies that want to obtain reliable

geological information. An experienced geophysicist-programmer provides images of the earth’s

structure, using dedicated algorithms and processing software, in order to obtain the best possible results

for further analysis and interpretations. The article presents an outline of the aforementioned technology

development and its results.

KEY WORDS

Seismic data processing, Omega, GK Processing, GKP, geothermal, natural fractures

mailto:[email protected]


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Gregor GÖTZL1, Staša BOROVIĆ2, Maciej R. KŁONOWSKI3 1 Geological Survey of Austria

Neulinggasse 38, AT-1031 Wien, Austria

e-mail: [email protected] 2 Hrvatski geološki institut – Croatian Geological Survey

Sachsova 2, PO Box 268, HR-10000 Zagrzeb, Chorwacja 3 Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute

00-975 Warszawa, ul. Rakowiecka 4

MUSE PROJECT – MANAGING SHALLOW GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN URBAN AREAS

IN EUROPE

ABSTRACT

The MUSE project investigates resources and possible conflicts of use associated with the application

of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) in the European urban areas and delivers the key geoscientific

subsurface data to the stakeholders via a user-friendly web based Geo-ERA information platform (GIP).

The assessment of geothermal resources and conflicts of use will lead to the development of

management strategies considering both the efficient planning and monitoring of environmental impacts

to feed into the general framework strategies of cities like Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs).

The developed methods and approaches will be tested and evaluated together with support from the

local stakeholders for 14 urban pilot areas across Europe, representative for different conditions of SGE

use.

The individual pilot areas show high diversity in terms of geology, hydrogeology and climate thus

have a wide range of heating and cooling degree day characteristics, making the project outcomes and

shared learnings relevant to the whole of Europe and beyond. The project capitaliszes upon the existing

knowledge, identifying and closing specific knowledge gaps and providing the joint proposals on

methodologies, criteria and concepts on SGE management. The project also adapts the current

workflows focusing on local scale investigations suitable for densely-populated urban areas, where the

national heating and cooling demand is generally the highest, and which will represent the most

important SGE market in the future. The planned outcomes of the project represent a comprehensive

collection of methods, approaches and tools, which can be transferred to other urban regions in Europe

and adapted by other organizations. The pilot area in Poland covers the selected parts of the capital city

area of Warsaw.

The planned activities will focus on the verification and analysis of geological and hydrogeological

data coming from the data bases operated by the Polish Geological Institute – the National Research

Institute. The interpolation of data will enable the elaboration of maps for different depth intervals,

including such maps as: the maps of shallow geothermal energy potential, geological maps,

hydrogeological maps, and use conflicts maps.

KEY WORDS

shallow geothermal energy, urban areas, geological data bases, processing and reclassification of data,

geothermal mapping

The project MUSE – Managing Urban Shallow geothermal Energy, is co-financed from the sources of

the EU Research and Innovation Programme HORIZON 2020, the Grant Agreement no. 731166, under

the terms of the GeoERA Programme.


__________________________________________________________________________________

18

Wojciech GÓRECKI, Anna SOWIŻDŻAŁ




Al. Mickiewicza 30

30-059 Kraków


IS THE REAL USE OF WATER AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN POLAND FOR

COMMERCIAL PURPOSES?

ABSTRACT

At the Department of Fossil Fuels of the AGH University of Science and Technology scientific research

to analyze the possibilities of using geothermal waters in nearly 200 cities of Polish Lowlands has been

conducted. The research aimed at the dynamism of activities in cities where hydrothermal conditions

and the local heating market guarantee the economically effective use of geothermal water. For several

dozen cities, the development of geothermal waters can be commercial. The basic application is the use

of geothermal water for heating purposes and the preparation of hot utility water. Supplementary

direction is the construction of recreation and balneology centers, greenhouses and other uses. The use

of ecologically clean geothermal water resources in selected Polish cities is real. The calculated financial

efficiency ratios of the analyzed geothermal heat plants indicate its profitability.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal waters, Polish Lowlands, economic efficiency



__________________________________________________________________________________

19

Tomasz GÓRKA1, Marek RASAŁA2 1 Bohrlochmessung – Storkow GmbH Sp. z o.o. Oddział w Polsce

ul. Kożuchowska 30, 65-364 Zielona Góra 2 Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

ul. B. Krygowskiego 12, 61-680 Poznań

WELL INTEGRITY EVALUATION IN GEOTHERMAL WELLS USING INDUCED

ELECTROMAGNETIC DEFECTOSCOPY EMDS

ABSTRACT

Casing strings in geothermal wells are among others exposed to the corrosive and abrasive properties of

thermal water, which may lead to severe problems in well operations, which include casing damages.

These processes are particularly observed in reinjection wells and are caused by the high oxygen content

and the presence of solid particles in injected waters. Casing damages in geothermal wells may not only

lead to the necessity of taking them out of service or undertaking costly repair activities, but also make

the possibility for brine to migrate behind casings, which may even result in the groundwater quality

degradation.

The effects of corrosion and abrasion, leading to damages and leaks are widely known. Therefore,

the well integrity evaluation usually includes the casing condition inspection, which is typically carried

out by the measurement of the caliper with the multi-finger imaging tools, as well as the cement job

evaluation performed with cement bond tools. However, a very useful wireline measurement technique,

in common operations in Poland used less frequently so far, is the so-called electromagnetic

defectoscopy (EMDS).

This method enables the monitoring of corrosion processes by measuring the wall thickness of the

casing string. Against the acoustic methods, its main advantage is the penetration depth, which in

favorable conditions (casings’ diameter ratio), allows the verification of up to four strings and a

quantitative assessment of corrosion processes for the two internal ones. In addition, this technique is

insensitive to mineral deposits and scales occurring on a casing wall, as well as it is also unaffected by

the drilling mud and thus can also be used in wells which are not filled with fluids (for example above

the groundwater table).

These measurements can be implemented both in emergency runs as well as a part of systematic

integrity evaluation programs in order to assess the progress of chemical corrosion and mechanical

fatigue of the casing. It thus allows for the appropriate maintenance in terms of long-life operation of

the geothermal well. The ideal solution is to start the measurements immediately after completion. In

that manner not only is the initial wall thickness obtained, but also the material defects can be detected.

It is important as the standards, depending on the diameter and nominal wall thickness, allow for the 10-

15% thickness reduction. This must be taken into account in order not to lead to interpretation errors for

measurements carried out only with multi-finger tools. In addition, as the corrosion processes develop

both on the internal and external casing wall, they cannot be quantified only by caliper logs.

KEY WORDS

Well logging – borehole geophysics, geothermal wells, electromagnetic defectoscopy EMDS


__________________________________________________________________________________

20

Marek HAJTO1, Wiesław KOZDRÓJ2, Urszula WYRWALSKA2 1AGH University of Science and Technology




e-mail: [email protected] 2 Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute

al. Jaworowa 19, 53-122 Wrocław

e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

I IDENTIFICATION OF CONFLICTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITIES IN

URBAN AND RURAL AREAS, RELATED TO THE USE OF SHALLOW GEOTHERMAL

HEAT, USING HEAT PUMP INSTALLATIONS, BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE

KRAKOW AND WAŁBRZYCH AGGLOMERATION, IMPLEMENTED WITHIN THE

FRAMEWORK OF THE GEOPLASMA-CE INTERNATIONAL PROJECT (INTERREG-CE)

ABSTRACT

The article presents partial results of the work carried out within the framework of the project entitled

"Shallow Geothermal Energy Planning, Assessment and Mapping Strategies in Central Europe –

GeoPLASMA-CE" carried out in 2016-2019, by 11 partners from 6 countries, within the framework of

the INTERREG Central Europe 2014-2020 international cooperation program. The project concerns

various aspects of the use of shallow geothermal water both for heating and cooling purposes in urban

and non-urban areas in 6 selected pilot areas: Vogtland-Western Bohemia (borderland D-CZ),

Wałbrzych-Broumov (borderland PL-CZ), and the following cities: Kraków, Vienna, Bratislava and

Ljubljana. As the results of the cooperation of geological surveys, universities, NGOs, local government

administration units and private companies, maps of geothermal potential, as well as new sustainable

management strategies of shallow geothermal resources will be developed. One of the elements of the

pilot activities is the risk assessment related to the use of geothermal heat pumps, both for open and

closed loop systems, taking specific environmental conditions, including: geogenic, hydrogeological

and anthropogenic issues into account. These conditions are of a diverse nature, that occur on the one

hand, in densely populated urban areas, as Kraków, with well-developed underground infrastructure,

and on the other, in rural areas, where environmental constraints are related to, for example, extensive

mining areas, degraded as a result of the former hard coal mining, as is the case in the Wałbrzych pilot

area. Identification of the above hazards, initial assessment of their significance and visualization in the

form of a "traffic light map" will allow information on the possibility of installing a geothermal heat

pump in a given location to be obtained (by category: allowed installation, with restrictions, not allowed)

for selected open and / or closed loop systems. In addition, the thematic layers drawn up will indicate

the existence and allow for the specification of other threats / conflicts related to, for example, the

specificity of land development (resulting from the Local Spatial Development Plans), the location of

protected areas (e.g. ground waters), underground infrastructure, landslides, etc. Identification of the

above elements and gathering information in one place (on the internet platform) will facilitate both the

individuals and the experts future planning of investments in the field of geothermal heat pump

installations.

KEY WORDS

Shallow geothermal, geothermal heat pumps, environmental constraints, Interreg-CE




__________________________________________________________________________________

21

Mirosław JANOWSKI, Bartłomiej CIAPAŁA




Al. Mickiewicza 30

30-059 Kraków


SHALLOW BEDROCK LAYERS TEMPERATURE LOCAL VARIABILITY –

TRIVIA OR TOUCHSTONE? HISTORIC VIEW AND POSSIBLE APPLICATION

ABSTRACT

The local – vertical and horizontal variability of shallow bedrock layers temperature is a commonly

known phenomena connected, among others, with sunlight influence and year’s season. Temperature

measurement conducted at comparatively shallow depth may provide information about increased

terrestrial heat flow rate occurring over a given area, pointing out presence of preferred way of heat’s

migration or shallowly placed heat source. Meanwhile, multiple, logged temperature measurement

performed over at least several dozen hours at multiple depths may be basic for evaluation ground’s

thermal properties in situ. Thermodynamic essentials of such a procedure are well known in the literature

and widely developed, while application of modified signal processing methods may allow for terrestrial

heat flow rate estimation. Chosen so-far applications of the discussed research method, its limitations

and application potential in Poland will be deliberated.

KEY WORDS

thermal anomaly, terrestrial heat flow, measurement



__________________________________________________________________________________

22

Mirosław JANOWSKI1, Marek HAJTO1, Sławomir KURPASKA2, Hubert LATAŁA2, Maciej GLINIAK2,

Hubert HERBUŚ3 1AGH University of Science and Technology

2 University of Agriculture in Krakowie

3 Blue Fifty

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR POLISH GREENHOUSE SECTOR

ABSTRACT

In June 2018 Consortium AGH University of Science and Technology, University of Agriculture in

Krakow, Wageningen University & Research, Blue Fifty B.V., Certhon Build B.V. was established in

order to carry out the project “Geothermal energy potential for Polish greenhouse sector”. The project

consists of three parts. The first of them “MAPPING & SCREENING” covers mapping of the general

geothermal potential and mapping of existing and designed greenhouse facilities in Poland. The second

part of the project named “GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL” involves the verification of geothermal

potential for selected locations and the definition of the geothermal system concept together with the

estimation of investment costs. The third part called “PREPARATION OF THE FINAL REPORT” will

include detailed analyzes of the geothermal potential for a depth of up to 2000 m, including the

presentation of geothermal reservoir parameters, temperature and mineralization of thermal waters. In

selected prospective areas, identification of the main greenhouse crops as well as planned investments

in this industry will be carried out. Current methods of using thermal energy in greenhouses and interest

in geothermal heat from potential customers will be identified. The whole will be presented in the form

of maps of potential prospective locations. The greenhouse facilities will be grouped into clusters with

growing area under covers of more than 10 ha, including the minimum area of the greenhouse and the

maximum cost-effective distance between the greenhouses. After verification of the geothermal

potential for all the clusters, the best three locations for further evaluation will be selected.

The next step will be a detailed analysis of selected locations. The expected temperature of thermal

water, well depth, thermal water mineralization and the structure of reservoir rocks and well

performance will be given. The concept of a geothermal heat acquisition system and the total investment

cost (geothermal drilling + geothermal infrastructure), along with operational costs, will be determined

further. Next, the concept of combining the geothermal system with the current energy system for each

of the three selected locations will be developed, together with determining the total investment costs

(infrastructure + heating) as well as operating costs. The works will be crowned with the preparation of

a final report containing all the results and maps and locations of potential investments. Total duration

of the project: 6 months.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal heating, greenhouses, heating systems, RES


__________________________________________________________________________________

23

Michał KACZMARCZYK






LIF CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SECTOR –

WORLD EXPERIENCE REVIEW AND THE POSSIBILITY

OF IMPLEMENTATION IN POLAND

ABSTRACT

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is not commonly executed in geothermal energy, and it can be even

determined that it is rare. This is mainly due to the fact that the possibility of the results of the application

from one location to another is impossible to be implemented directly. The complexity of the investment

process, which is the construction of a heating plant, combined heat and power plant or geothermal

power plant, results in the real impact on the environment for each project being different. This results

primarily from the changing geological, topographical and environmental conditions. The article is

a review of world experience and presents the possibility of its implementation in Polish conditions.

KEY WORDS

LCA, life cycle assessment, geothermal energy, energy sector


__________________________________________________________________________________

24

Marcin KARPIŃSKI 1, 2, Zbigniew MAŁOLEPSZY 1 1 Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute, Upper Silesian Branch 2 AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environment Protection

THE MINE WATERS OF UPPER SILESIA – NEVER ENDING STORY OF GEOTHERMAL

EXPLORATION

ABSTRACT

There are significant water resources and energy resources in coal mines. About 600 000 cubic meters

of water are daily pumped out from coal mines in Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The temperature of pumped

water range from 13 to 25oC and the total heat output can be estimated around 270 MW. The parameters

of mine water are sufficient to use the stored energy for heating purposes. Exploration and assessment

of resources is still carried on in the region.

In 2012 in the abandoned coal-mine Saturn the investment to build a central heating installation was

completed. Two heat pumps with a total power of 118 kW were base of the system, in which the lower

heat source is mine water. The estimated pay-back period of the investment is 10 years. The investment

has reduced the demand for electricity by almost 278 MWh/year. This results in a reduction in carbon

dioxide emissions of more than 260 Mg/year.

The heat recovery installation from the mine waters was also built at the Sobieski Coal Mine. In 2015

an investment of a central heating system with five heat pumps to domestic hot water preparation for

baths was completed. Total installed power is 420 kW. Estimated pay-back period of the investment is

6 years. The investment allows to reduce the amount of heat purchased from the external supplier by

780 GJ/month. This resulted in a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by more than 349 Mg/year.


__________________________________________________________________________________

25

Aleksandra KASZTELEWICZ1,2 1AGH University of Science and Technology




e-mail: [email protected] 2Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences

ul. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków

SELECTED MINERALOGICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF THE RESERVOIR

ROCK OF THE PODHALE GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Podhale (S Poland) is one of the most promising regions in the country in terms of its geothermal

resource potential. The use of geothermal waters for heating purposes commenced there at the beginning

of the 1990s. The Podhale region provides excellent conditions for the use of geothermal energy, such

as a well-developed infrastructure for the heating industry, recreation, balneotherapy and other

applications. The assessment of the geothermal potential should always take an accurate identification

of the geological conditions into account. This article presents the results of detailed mineralogical,

petrographic and petrophysical studies of the best hydrogeothermal structure within the Podhale

geothermal system with a single well capacity of up to 550 m3/h. Rock samples collected from the Biały

Dunajec PAN-1 borehole can be petrographically classified as crystalline limestones. They consist of

two irregularly intersecting zones differing in terms of calcite crystal size. The measured porosity of the

structures under consideration, based on microscopic analysis, is below 1%. The series of units have

good reservoir and exploitation parameters.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal resources, rock properties, mineralogy, petrophysic, Poland, Podhale geothermal system



__________________________________________________________________________________

26

Beata KĘPIŃSKA


Ul. Wybickiego 7A

31-261 Kraków


A REVIEW OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY USES IN POLAND IN 2016−2018

ABSTRACT

The article contains an overview of geothermal energy uses as well as research and investment projects

in Poland in 2016–2018. The topic is presented against the background of the situation in Europe and

the world. The current share of geothermal energy in the renewable energy mix is given, along with the

priority areas of its application in the coming years. The regulatory aspects of the development of this

area, including favorable provisions and existing deficiencies and some barriers, are also mentioned.

The role of the governmental program of financial support for geothermal energetic applications

introduced in 2016 is indicated. This has already resulted in the granting of funds for drilling several

exploration wells and for other investment projects. Other national initiatives and documents which shall

also contribute to enhance the geothermal development are also given.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal energy, geothermal uses, current state, prospects, years 2016-2018, Poland


__________________________________________________________________________________

27

Beata KĘPIŃSKA


Ul. Wybickiego 7A

31-261 Kraków


THE STATE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY USES IN THE WORLD AND IN EUROPE

FROM 2015-2018

ABSTRACT

The status of geothermal energy uses in the world and Europe is presented. The basic data was derived

from country update reports submitted for the World Geothermal Congress 2015, as well as from the

European Geothermal Congress 2016 and 2017 EGEC Market Report. It was pointed out that the

increase in the use of geothermal energy in the world and in Europe was maintained. The most

prospective directions of geothermal development in the coming years are given. Some sectorial

initiatives as well as strategic national and international documents which shall facilitate geothermal

development are indicated.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal energy, geothermal use, development prospects, world, Europe, years 2015-2018


__________________________________________________________________________________

28

Beata KĘPIŃSKA


Ul. Wybickiego 7A

31-261 Kraków


THE FIRST GEOTHERMAL PROJECTS IN POLAND UNDER THE FINANCIAL

MECHANISM OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA

ABSTRACT

In 2016-2017, the first international bilateral projects targeted at geothermal energy in Poland financed

from the European Economic Area, EEA, were implemented. It was preceded by many years of joint

efforts of the Polish and Icelandic geothermal communities’ members. These were three projects on the

initiative of the Chief National Geologist: Geothermal energy utilization potential in Poland – the town

of Poddębice (2016-2017), Geothermal energy - the basis of low-emission heating, improving living

conditions and sustainable development, GeoHeatPol (2017) (www.eeagrants.agh .edu.pl), as well as

Support for the sustainable development of shallow geothermal energy in the areas covered by the

Mieszkanie Plus Program, Geothermal4Pl (2017) (https://www.pgi.gov.pl/geothermal4pl/).

The projects were carried out by consortia with the participation of partners from: Poland, Iceland,

Norway, as well as the European Geothermal Energy Council, EGEC. In the case of the first of the given

projects, these were teams from MEERI PAS (leader), AGH-University of Science and Technology,

representatives of the Town and Geotermia Poddębice, as well as the team of the National Energy

Agency (Iceland). In the second project mentioned, it was also participated by the team of the Wrocław

University of Technology (partner), experts and representatives of three more cities - Konstantynów

Łódzki, Lądek Zdrój, Sochaczew, foreign partners from the Christian Michelsen Institute (Norway) and

the European Geothermal Energy Council, EGEC. The third of these projects was implemented by

a consortium of the Polish Geological Institute – State Research Institute (leader) and the Christian

Michelsen Institute (Norway). This is the subject of a separate paper. Selected assumptions, goals,

activities of the first two projects will be presented, as well as the results and recommendations achieved

(gathered in extensive reports, including, among others, proposals for innovative pilot projects in the

cities targeted by these projects).

The fact, highlighted in the course of projects’ implementation, that geothermal energy in Poland is

a promising source of energy, also from the point of view of the objectives of the EEA and Norwegian

Mechanism, as well as good cooperation of the partners of the mentioned projects, a high substantive

level of the work, valuable results and recommendations became important arguments for a wider

introduction of geothermal topics to the programs of the current financing period through EEA and

Norwegian Mechanisms: those dedicated for many European countries, as well as those especially

oriented for Poland.

KEY WORDS

geothermal energy, projects, financing, European Economic Area, Norwegian Mechanism,

2016–2017, Poland, Iceland, Norway, EGEC


__________________________________________________________________________________

29

Barbara KIEŁCZAWA, Elżbieta LIBER-MAKOWSKA

Wrocław University of Science and Technology


Variability of Deposit Parameters of Cieplice Thermal Healing Waters

ABSTRACT

The article presents the nature of changes in selected quantitative and qualitative parameters of thermal

waters from the Cieplice deposit in Jelenia Góra. The conditions of thermal water outflow and the

characteristic of changes in the efficiency of exploited sources have been presented. Additionally, the

causes of pressure changes on the head in the C-1 borehole were determined. All the thermal intakes in

Cieplice capture water from the same hydraulically system in fractured rocks. This is confirmed by The

analysis of changes in the quantitative parameters.

The article describes the contents of fluoride ions in particular intakes of thermal waters in Cieplice. The

degree of saturation of the discussed waters in relation to the main rock-forming minerals and probable

products of their weathering was determined. An analysis of the relationship between the main water

components and F- ions is presented. An attempt to determine the origin of fluorides present in thermal

waters of Cieplice was made.

KEY WORDS

Cieplice, Sudety Mts., crystalline rocks, thermal waters, fluoride, metasilicic acid, pressure,

temperature



__________________________________________________________________________________

30

Maciej R. KŁONOWSKI, Jacek KOCYŁA, Grzegorz RYŻYŃSKI, Mateusz ŻERUŃ


ul. Rakowiecka

00-975 Warszawa


ASSESSMENT OF LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY POTENTIAL BASED

ON ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND RECLASSIFICATION OF GEOLOGICAL DATA

IN URBAN AREAS

ABSTRACT

The ground source heat pumps (GSHP) using low temperature geothermal energy are the modern and

valuable source of heating and cooling of buildings. Recently, the application of GSHP in Europe,

especially the closed loop systems with borehole heat exchangers (BHE) has constantly been growing.

The GSHPs provide for the reduction of low emissions, thus their application refers mainly to urban

areas. The effectiveness of GSHPs is determined by the geothermal underground conditions which in

turn depend on local geology and hydrogeology, thus their identification is crucial for an appropriate

design and exploitation of GSHPs installations.

This paper presents the methodology of processing, analysis and interpretation of underground data

for urban areas of the selected investment as developed within the framework of the Geothermal4PL

project. Data originating from the thematic databases, atlases and serial maps were gathered in a unified

database showing a uniform structure enabling their spatial analysis with use of GIS. According to an

algorithm accepted for the sake of the project, the reclassification of lithological parameters into the

geothermal parameters was performed as well as the values of geothermal conductivity λ [W/m∙K] and

geothermal power unit qv [W/m] of analyzed rocks and soils were calculated. Based on the results of

calculations four maps of average geothermal conductivity coefficient λ for every investment area were

prepared, each for the depth interval up to 40, 70, 100 and 130 metres. The results of the presented

research made possible characteristics and an evaluation of the usefulness of selected locations for

applications of shallow geothermal energy and GSHPs as well as assessment of shallow geothermal

energy potential.

KEY WORDS

Shallow geothermal energy, geological data bases, processing and reclassification of data, mapping

of shallow geothermal energy potential



__________________________________________________________________________________

31

Maciej R. KŁONOWSKI1, Maja KOWALSKA1, Kirsti MIDTTØMME2, Eliza DZIEKAN-KAMIŃSKA1, Jacek

KOCYŁA1, Randi Kalskin RAMSTAD3, Grzegorz RYŻYŃSKI1, Anita STARZYCKA1, Mateusz ŻERUŃ1 1Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute

ul. Rakowiecka, 00-975 Warszawa

e-mail: [email protected] 2Christian Michelsen Research AS, Bergen, Norway. 3Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geoscience and Petroleum Resources

Engineering, Trondheim, Norway

ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY FOR USE OF SHALLOW GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

IN URBAN AREAS – RESULTS OF THE GEOTHERMAL4PL PROJECT

ABSTRACT

Ground source heat pumps (GSHP) using shallow geothermal energy are the modern, efficient and

reliable source of energy for space heating and cooling and provide an alternative for the combustion of

fossil fuels. The application of GSHP in urban areas, especially in case of association with the renewable

sources of electricity, allows for the reduction of suspended dusts and greenhouse gas emissions

including the generation of smog.

This poster presents the results of the bilateral Polish-Norwegian project Geothermal4PL regarding

the assessment of the shallow geothermal energy potential and the possibilities for its use within the

selected investment sites in the urban areas under the terms of the Mieszkanie Plus [Apartment Plus

Programme]. As the effect of research, the data derived from the geological databases and thematic

maps were verified and analyzed. The reclassification of lithological parameters to the geothermal ones

and the accomplished calculations made the assessment of the effectiveness of the GSHP application

possible. A training course for geological administration, designers of the GSHP installations and

drilling companies was organized in the framework of the project. In addition, two methodological

reports were prepared.

KEY WORDS

shallow geothermal energy, geological databases , data processing and reclassification,

geological mapping

The authors acknowledge financing of the bilateral Polish – Norwegian project Geothermal4PL –

Support for the sustainable development and use of shallow geothermal energy in the areas covered by

the Mieszkanie Plus programme in Poland, agreement number 102/2017/Wn50/OA-XN-04/D, by the

EEA Financial Mechanism 2009–2014 within the framework of the Bilateral Cooperation Fund (BCF),

Programme PL04 “Energy saving and promotion of renewable sources of energy”.



__________________________________________________________________________________

32

Michal KRUSZEWSKI, Volker WITTIG

International Geothermal Center (GZB)

Lennershofstraße 140, 44801 Bochum


THE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT AND

ROCK FORMATIONS ON STRESSES IN THE WELLBORE CEMENT UNDER DEFINED

RESERVOIR CONDITIONS OF A GEOTHERMAL WELL

ABSTRACT

The main purposes of primary cementing operations in any geothermal well is to support casing strings,

prevent corrosion or influx of geothermal fluids and provide zonal insolation. Cement sheaths in the

well have to maintain structural integrity and provide good bonding between casing and surrounding

rock formations. Current wellbore cement design guidelines by the API for geothermal wells are based

solemnly on strength requirements, which imply that geothermal cements must have a compressive

strength of minimum 6.9 MPa (with a permeability less than 0.1 mD) throughout 12-month downhole

exposure (API Task Group, 1985). This approach was questioned by many recent studies, which

concluded that the high compressive strength of cements in either petroleum or geothermal wells does

not guarantee perfect zonal insolation (Thiercelin et al. 1997; Bosma et al., 1999; Philippacopoulos et

al., 2001). Such studies also emphasized that wellbore cement design should take into account variety

of other material properties of casing material, cement as well as surrounding rock formations. The New

Zealand Code of Practice from 2015 is a basis for the design of any deep geothermal well, however as

it is focused exclusively on a casing selection and assessment of casing stresses during a well’s lifecycle,

it lacks standardization for wellbore cement design.

Conventionally used cement blends in geothermal wells around the world, especially in high enthalpy

reservoirs, include API class G or H Portland cement with a high silica flour content in order to control

the strength retrogression (i.e. compressive strength decrease and permeability increase) which for

Portland cement takes place under exposure to temperatures of 110°C. Other additives to wellbore

cement might include: retarders, accelerators, fluid loss agents, friction reducers or defoamers,

depending on the casing section being cemented and reservoir conditions. In this study, existing

theoretical analytical models for determining casing-cement-rock interaction are applied to show the

influence of mechanical material properties of cement and rock formations on the resultant stresses in

wellbore cement under defined reservoir conditions of the geothermal well. The other aim is to prove

the inadequacy of the current wellbore cement design methods in the geothermal industry. The effect of

temperature, uniform and isotropic far-field stresses as well as internal well pressure were also

evaluated. The geometrical model of casing-cement-rock interaction was based on a conventional casing

program of high-temperature geothermal wells. It is highly recommended that the wellbore cement

design of future geothermal wells in Poland and elsewhere be based on results from stress analysis as

carried out in this research, than on the limited requirement of compressive strength alone.

KEY WORDS

geothermal systems, drilling, geothermal wellbore cement, well completion, wellbore cement stresses



__________________________________________________________________________________

33

Klaudia KSIĄŻYK

VON ZANTHIER & SCHULZ

Kurfürstendamm 217

10719 Berlin

LEGAL BACKGROUND OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

SECTOR IN POLAND AND GERMANY – A LEGAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT

The paper presents the actual development of the legal frameworks concerning deep geothermal energy

sources in Germany with an indication of the influence of the legislation on the current progress in the

exploitation of geothermal sources. Several legal mechanisms are being presented, as well as the

undertaken changes in the geothermal laws, which shall simplify exploring and licensing of the use of

geothermal waters. The paper also depicts the German solutions, which shall guarantee the safety and

environmental protection during the performing geothermal projects. The main principles of the

regulation of geothermal projects will be presented, analyzed on the basis of, among others,

Bundesberggesetz - the German Federal Mining Law, Wasserhaushaltsgesetz - the German Water

Management Act as well as Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz - the German Federal Pollution Control

Act. In the second part of the paper the German legal frameworks will be compared with the Polish

legislation, and the current development of Geological and Mining Law will be analyzed. The major

differences, similarities and development directions in both legal orders will be pointed out, including

the long-term plans of both countries concerning the production of energy from geothermal sources. The

paper will end with a prognosis for the Polish geothermal framework progress, legal possibilities for the

implementation of German solutions and suggestions regarding further desirable changes.

KEY WORDS

Legal frameworks, geothermal sources, Germany, Poland, legislation


__________________________________________________________________________________

34

Ewa KUROWSKA

Polish Geothermal Society


INTERCONTINENTAL EDUCATION AND COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION IN LIGHT OF THE

CONTEMPORARY MASS MIGRATION OF PEOPLE

ABSTRACT

The article presents examples of European-African cooperation in the field of geothermal energy, for

which the foundation are: education, joint research and the transfer of professional skills. The article

presents arguments for the fact that undertaking cooperation between European and African specialists

in the field of geothermal energy, but also in various other areas of socio-economic life, may positively

influence the economic development of poorer countries and, consequently, translate into improving the

quality of their residents life. At present, Europe has been struggling with the huge problem of illegal

migration from the South and East, including African countries. The process has been observed for

months and even years; European politicians still cannot find a good solution. Since migration from

Africa is most often economic, the medicine must be to support African countries in their efforts to

improve the standard of living in these countries, for example by supporting them in seeking and gaining

access to energy. UNU-GTP in Iceland is a perfect example of the positive operation of a well-organized

system of intercontinental education, transfer of knowledge and practical skills in the field of geothermal

energy use. Kenya is one of the beneficiaries of the training system in Iceland, and positive effects are

visible on the national scale. Another example of cooperation with Africa is the academic bilateral

cooperation between Polish and African universities supported by the Polish National Commission for

UNESCO (e.g. cooperation between the University of Silesia (Poland) and Nigerian universities ABU

(Zaria) and Bayero (Nigeria). The effects to date are much less spectacular than in the case of Kenya,

but positive and have been pointed in this article.

KEY WORDS

Energy, geothermal, Africa, cooperation, development



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35

Tomasz MAĆKOWSKI, Anna SOWIŻDŻAŁ, Anna WACHOWICZ-PYZIK




Al. Mickiewicza 30

30-059 Kraków

e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

SEISMIC METHODS APPLIED TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOTHERMAL

RESERVOIRS IN THE KALISZ REGION, CENTRAL POLAND

ABSTRACT

The following paper presents the opportunities provided by seismic methods applied to studies on

geothermal aquifers and reservoirs exemplified by the research project run in the Kalisz region, Central

Poland. Several seismic surveys completed in that area since the 1970s have supplied seismic sections

of very variable imaging quality of deep geological structures in the study area. The geological

interpretation of all the collected archival datasets required the reprocessing of the oldest seismic data

in order to integrate them with the latest materials by improving the vertical resolution of the sections,

reducing the noise and eliminating the fictitious deformations of reflections.

The completed seismic surveys enabled us to understand the geological structure of the area including

the identification of faults and salt structures as well as the recognition of the depth and the thickness of

groundwater horizons. The important part of our research is the identification of recharge zones of the

most prospective, Lower Cretaceous and Lower Jurassic geothermal aquifers. The study area comprises

the tectonic graben and the subcrops of the Upper and Lower Cretaceous, and the Upper Jurassic strata

beneath the bottom surface of the Cenozoic sedimentary complex. The presence of faults framing the

graben may influence the parameters of geothermal waters in shallower reservoirs, particularly their

TDS, which is controlled by mixing groundwaters from various horizons. The results of analyses

demonstrate that the most favorable parameters of geothermal waters in the Lower Jurassic aquifer

should be expected along the axis of a syncline located east of the Malanów village whereas the best

parameters should occur in the northeastern part of the study area for the Lower Cretaceous aquifer,

over the salt wall and should extend further to the northeast. The seismic datasets indicate that on the

contrary to both the Triassic and the Jurassic aquifers, the Lower Cretaceous aquifer is tectonically

undisturbed and that its thickness increases in the direction opposite to the increasing thickness of the

Jurassic strata.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal waters, geothermal energy, geophysical methods



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36

Bogdan NOGA, Zbigniew KOSMA, Jacek ZIELIŃSKI

Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom

26-600 Radom, ul. Krasickiego 54

e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF INCREASING THE ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF

INJECTION OPENINGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF A GEOTHERMAL HEATING PLANT IN

PYRZYCE

ABSTRACT

As part of the work presented, the absorption capacity of the injection boreholes in the geothermal heat

plant in Pyrzyce was analyzed. The absorption capacity of two wells was 340 m3/h at the pressure of

about 4 bar. In a very short time this efficiency decreased to around 60 m3/h at the injection pressure

frequently exceeding 12 bar. This situation lasted for about 20 years. Attempts to improve the

absorbency were short-lived and did not improve the efficiency of the lymphatic openings. It was not

until 2016 that the Pyrzyce GT-2 lymphatic bore was effectively drilled for a long time that the

reconstructions achieved an injection rate of 130 m3/h into one bore at a pressure not exceeding 7 bar.

The effect obtained was kept almost constant for over two years through the use of various chemical

preparations dosed into the injected thermal water. The conducted research contributed to increasing the

efficiency of the operation of the geothermal heating plant in Pyrzyce.

KEY WORDS

Absorbers, injection, plugging, geothermal heating, geothermal energy



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37

Leszek PAJĄK1,2, Wiesław BUJAKOWSKI1 1Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Ul. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków 2AGH University of Science and Technology


[email protected], [email protected]

CHANGES IN THE PURCHASE PRICE OF HEAT ORIGINATING FROM

POLISH GEOTHERMAL HEATING PLANTS

IN THE TIME PERIOD 2007–2018 BASED ON SETTLEMENT TARIFFS

ABSTRACT

The paper presents the continuation of analyses carried out systematically from 2007 (Pająk and

Bujakowski 2007, 2011, 2013 and 2016), where the Authors determine and compare the energy price

with the energy pricein heating systems based on conventional energy carriers. The energy price

applicable to the final recipient is determined based on the applicable settlement tariffs. The unitary net

total price in PLN/GJ (1 USD = ~3,71 PLN, 1 € = ~4,31 PLN) is determined and compared. It contains

a fixed and variable component of the settlement tariff and includes the generation and transmission and

distribution of energy. Subsequent versions of the work are published systematically as part of the

conference materials of the Polish Geothermal Congress. The current heat energy prices from Polish

heating plants using geothermal energy range from 48 to 83 PLN/GJ net. Energy prices from

conventional carriers range from 44 to 92 PLN/GJ. This allows to state that depending on the geothermal

reservoir conditions, the energy origin from geothermal can be competitively analyzed to all

conventional carriers: hard coal, natural gas and heating oil. The price of energy origin on geothermal

heating has been stabilizing since 2013. There is a visible impact of reservoir conditions on the price of

energy origin on geothermal heating.

KEY WORDS

Thermal engineering, heating, geothermal, price, tariffs



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38

Grzegorz PEŁKA, Wojciech LUBOŃ, Jarosław KOTYZA, Daniel MALIK




Al. Mickiewicza 30

30-059 Kraków


ANALYSIS PARAMETERS OF HEATING – COOLING INSTALLATION WITH GROUND

SOURCE HEAT PUMP IN HEATING AND PASSIVE COOLING MODE

ABSTRACT

Geothermal heat pumps are the most efficient heating and cooling devices. The AGH Sustainable

Development and Energy Saving Center in Miękinia conducts heat pump and borehole heat exchangers

research. To do the complex research a portable thermal response test device was developed. The

concept of this device assume the use of available, domestic parts with a low cost of the construction.

Thermal response test allows to determine an effective ground heat transfer coefficient, borehole heat

exchanger thermal resistance and undisturbed fluid temperature. The constructed device was tested on

the borehole heat exchangers in the Miękinia Laboratory.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal heat pumps, effective coefficient of thermal conductivity, borehole heat exchanger

thermal resistance



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39

Anna PRZELASKOWSKA, Katarzyna DRABIK, Jolanta KLAJA

Oil and Gas Institute - National Research Institute

Ul. Lubicz 25A, 30-001 Kraków


ESTIMATING THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VALUE OF THE CARPATHIAN

BASEMENT MESO-PALEOZOIC SANDSTONES ON THE BASIS OF THEIR MINERAL

COMPOSITION

ABSTRACT

Mathematical models for the estimation of the thermal conductivity of rocks on the basis of mineral

composition and porosity were analyzed in the presented work. Different types of models from the

simplest, layer models to more complex non-spherical inclusions models were introduced. The

calculated values were compared with the laboratory data. The obtained results enabled the selection of

the most effective models for the calculation of the thermal conductivity of the Carpathian basement

sandstones.

KEY WORDS

Thermal conductivity, mathematical models, mineral composition


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40

Marek RASAŁA

Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

ul. B. Krygowskiego 12, 61-680 Poznań

Email: [email protected]

POSSIBILITIES FOR THE COMMERCIAL USE OF COOLED

GEOTHERMAL BRINES IN THE KUJAWY REGION

ABSTRACT

There are opportunities for industrial use in the Kujawy region of the disposal of cooled geothermal

brines though their re-use in borehole rock salt mines where they are further saturated with sodium

chloride. The target recipients of the brines – saturated to reach industrial brine requirements - would be

chemical plants. Mines currently produce industrial-quality brine through the leaching of salt caverns in

borehole mines with surface water. Using model options of cooperation of geothermal plants with

borehole rock salt mines (Przyjma and Góra), and thus indirectly also with chemical plants (in

Inowrocław and Janikowo) it is shown that the return period for major capital expenditures related to

drilling of holes and pipeline construction would be of 10–15 years. The implementation of cooperation

would provide tangible benefits for geothermal plants (increased energy potential, elimination of costs

associated with implementation and maintenance of reinjection wells).

Strategic advantages for salt mines would be extending the lifespan of the salt deposit (and thus its

protection), as well as its longer useful life and improved functioning of the underground storage

reservoir of fuel in Góra. As there is no longer a need for re-injection of the heat-depleted brine, the

implementation of the proposed solution also enables the simpler – in technological terms – production

of thermal waters with high level of mineralization, also from a depth > 3 km.

From the point of view of both economics and logistics, the optimal solution would be for both Polish

borehole salt mines to cooperate with their own geothermal power plants. The assessment of geothermal

potential in the area of these mines indicates that to achieve maximum energy performance and

ecological benefits, it would be advisable to supply the mines with waters with a mineralization of >

100 gNaCl/L from the Lower Jurassic aquifer in the area of the Mogilno Trough. The geothermal plants

could operate in parallel in several towns and, assuming they would be supplying enough brine to fully

meet the mines’ demand (1000–1100 m3/h) and the temperature of obtained waters would be > 80°C,

the total production capacity of these geothermal installations could reach 80–100 MW when cooled to

25°C.

KEY WORDS

geothermal plant, disposal of geothermal brine, borehole salt mine, industrial brine


__________________________________________________________________________________

41

Grzegorz RYŻYŃSKI, Mateusz ŻERUŃ, Aleksandra ŁUKAWSKA


ul. Rakowiecka 4

00-975 Warszawa


GUIDELINES FOR COHESIVE AND NON-COHESIVE SOILS SERIAL LABORATORY

MEASUREMENTS OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR THE PURPOSES OF SHALLOW

GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL MAPPING AND DATABASES

ABSTRACT

In the article the guidelines for cohesive and non-cohesive soils serial laboratory measurements of

thermal conductivity for the purposes of shallow geothermal potential mapping and databases were

presented. The methodology presented in the article was developed during the research activities in an

Interreg Project – GeoPLASMA-CE and during the gathering of data for Engineering Geological

Database (BDGI) in Polish Geological Institute. The methodology is based on a set of standardized

laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity with the use of a thermal needle probe with

accompanying physical parameters of the tested samples. The methodology was developed for both

cohesive (for natural water content and dry mass) and non-cohesive (natural water content, dry mass

and full saturation) soil samples. The compaction factor was also taken into account (loose, medium and

well compacted samples were prepared) for non-cohesive soils. All the thermal conductivity

measurements were performed on reconstructed samples and the results were statistically evaluated. In

the article the recommendations and limitations of the proposed methodology were discussed and the

obtained results of thermal conductivity measurements were compared with the archival data from the

literature.

KEY WORDS

shallow geothermal energy, thermal conductivity, soil laboratory testing, thermal needle probe




__________________________________________________________________________________

42

Robert SKRZYPCZAK, Wiesław BUJAKOWSKI, Beata KĘPIŃSKA, Leszek PAJĄK


Ul. Wybickiego 7A

31-261 Kraków


OPPORTUNITIES FOR GEOTHERMAL WATERS AND ENERGY APPLICATION

IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND

ABSTRACT

Agriculture is one of the prospective areas for geothermal water and energy applications. In many

European countries they are already implemented on a noticeable scale, and many new investments in

this field are also observed. The organic food market is the most dynamically growing segment of the

agricultural market, and there is a strong demand for it. These are some of the important arguments that

also the ecological geothermal energy would participate in the production and processing chain. Poland

also has the appropriate conditions as well as the geothermal potential for their agricultural development

in a wide range of temperatures, in different ways and types of crops, as well as in the types of

applications similar to agriculture (biotechnology, aquaculture, etc.).

The first research, development and implementation works on the application of geothermal energy

in agriculture were carried out many years ago (since the early 1990s) by the Mineral and Energy

Economy Research Institute PAS and Institute of Environmental Engineering PAN teams. This subject

again raises growing interest. The agricultural use of geothermal energy can often be implemented in

comprehensive (cascade) systems, which would result both in the production of good quality food and

in the improvement of energy and economic efficiency of geothermal projects. It would also be an

impulse for the development of local modern agriculture, agribusiness, advanced innovative

biotechnology and accompanying entrepreneurship. It is also an interesting opportunity for the

sustainable development of agriculture and related activities in nature protected areas and in their

neighborhood.

Suitable examples of geothermal energy applications in agriculture, agri-food processing for Poland,

innovative biotechnologies in selected countries (Hungary, the Netherlands, Iceland), and the proposed

methods of application in Poland, some prospective areas for such activity will be indicated on such

a background (often as a way to extend the already existing geothermal applications, including space

heating), some energy and economic aspects will be presented.

KEY WORDS

geothermal energy, agriculture, development opportunities, Poland

Prepared on the basis of the statutory work “Research the energetic parameters of renewable energy sources on

a basis of selected areas including rational energy management’s aspects – Analysis of geothermal resources’

parameters in selected Polish regions in terms of their use in organic farming and energy efficiency”. Part 1, 2.

Work carried out by Division of RES MEERI PAS team in 2016–2017.


__________________________________________________________________________________

43

Mariusz SOCHA, Marcin SZUFLICKI, Jakub SOKOŁOWSKI


ul. Rakowiecka 4

00-975 Warszawa

ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING THERMAL WATER

IN THE LESZNOWOLA COMMUNE AREA

ABSTRACT

The article presents data concerning the potential of thermal waters in the Lesznowola commune and in

its close vicinity. In terms of tectonics, the analyzed region is located in the central part of the Warsaw

Basin, and belongs to the Piaseczno County of the Warsaw agglomeration.

On the basis of information from the Mineral and Thermal Groundwater Database and archive

studies, the hydrogeological parameters of geothermal reservoirs located within the Lesznowola

commune were estimated. The exploitation possibilities of thermal waters from individual reservoirs

were determined. After the estimation of investment efforts and operating expenses, the costs of

extracting 1m3 of thermal water and the probable heat production of 1 GJ from the selected aquifers

were calculated. This allowed the most prospective reservoirs and usage directions for thermal waters

in Lesznowola to be identified. Based on the calculated values and the collected data, the geothermal

reservoir of the Lower Jurassic area was considered as optimal for development and the use of those

waters for heating purposes was proposed, as well as in recreation and balneotherapy.

SŁOW A KLUCZOWE

Thermal waters, Lesznowola, potential assessment, power engineering


__________________________________________________________________________________

44

Gabriela SOŁTYSIK, Sławomir WIŚNIEWSKI, Władysław NOWAK

West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin

al. Piastów 17, 70-310 Szczecin

e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITIES TO INCREASE THE POWER OF A

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT WITH WATER FROM A LOWER TRIASSIC

RESERVOIR THROUGH THE REPLACEMENT OF A SINGLE-CYCLE ORC POWER

PLANT BY A BINARY POWER PLANT

ABSTRACT

The assessment of the possibility of increasing the power of a geothermal power plant supplied with

water from the Lower Triassic reservoir by replacing the single-cycle ORC power plant with a binary

power plant was conducted. The possibility of increasing power by replacing the single-cycle ORC

power plant with a binary power plant was evaluated in the paper, with the assumption that in both cases

the basic energy carrier is water with the same mass flow and the same temperature that is taken from

the lower Triassic tank. Due to the fact that there will be a necessity to supply an additional stream

supplying the bottom circuit in the binary power plant, it is possible to use water from the middle Triassic

reservoir. In the case of the upper binary and the single-cycle, the same wet working medium was used,

while in the lower circuit a dry working medium was used to obtain the maximum power of the lower

circuit. In connection with the above, in the case of a binary power plant, a correspondingly higher

power will be obtained in relation to the power value obtained in the single-cycle ORC power plant. It

should be emphasized that the single-gear and binary power plant in the same temperature range.

KEY WORDS

ORC power plant, binary power plant, organic fluid




__________________________________________________________________________________

45

Anna SOWIŻDŻAŁ, Marek HAJTO, Bartosz PAPIERNIK, Kamil MITAN, Elżbieta HAŁAJ





e-mail:[email protected]

CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEOTHERMAL PARAMETERS OF THE LOWER

CRETACEOUS AND LOWER JURASSIC RESERVOIR IN THE MOGILNO-ŁÓDŹ

TROUGH BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL-

PARAMETRIC MODELING

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of research carried out in the Mogilno-Łódź Through under the EEA

project "Geothermal energy - the basis for low-emission heating, improving living conditions and

sustainable development - preliminary studies for selected areas in Poland" co-funded by the EEA

Financial Mechanism 2009-2014 as part of Bilateral Cooperation Fund, PL04 Program "Energy saving

and promoting renewable energy sources" (Agreement No. 173/2017/Wn50/OA-XN-05/D).

As part of the project, based on the analysis of geological data and the reinterpretation of the basic

hydrogeological parameters of the Lower Cretaceous and Lower Jurassic geothermal reservoir, the

possibilities of construction of new geothermal installations in the area of the Mogilno-Łódź Through

were determined. An important element of the research was the construction of a three-dimensional

geological-parametric model of the research area, made in the Petrel program, which enabled the spatial

distribution of the analyzed hydrogeothermal parameters. The final result of the analytical work was the

calculation of the potential thermal power of the new geothermal installations and the indication of the

most prospective locations for the further development of geothermal resources in this region.

The most favorable conditions for managing geothermal waters in the Lower Cretaceous reservoir in

the area of Mogilno-Łódź Trough occur in the following municipalities: Grzegorzew, Olszówka,

Poddębice, Koło, Dąbie, Świnice Warckie, Koło-miasto, Grabów, Wartkowice, Babiak, Osiek Mały,

Uniejów, Łęczyca, Zadzim, Dalików, Wodzierady. For the first 6 communes it is possible to build

geothermal installations with capacities exceeding 10 MW (this group also includes the Poddębice

municipality, where a 10MW geothermal heating plant currently functions), another 10 municipalities

have geothermal resources for the construction of installations with the capacity of 5-10 MW.

The most favorable conditions for managing geothermal waters in the Lower Jurassic reservoir in

the area of the Mogilno-Łódź Trough occur in the following municipalities: Grzegorzew, Babiak,

Olszówka, Skulsk, Osiek Mały, Koło, Sompolno, Topólka, Wierzbinek, Ślesin, Bytoń, Kościelec,

Piotrków Kujawski, Kramsk, Konin, Grabów, Czarnków, Kruszwica, Połajewo. For the 19

municipalities mentioned above, it is possible to build geothermal installations with capacities above

10 MW. Another 21 municipalities have the potential to build geothermal installations about 5-10 MW.

Higher energy potential relates to waters of the Lower Jurassic reservoir, however, when it comes

to using them, one should bear in mind high water mineralization, translated into the necessity of using

two-well systems for water production.

KEY WORDS

Mogilno-Łódź Trough, hydrogeothermal parameters, Lower Cretaceous, Lower Jurassic

The paper was prepared in the framework of statutory research of Department of Fossil Fuels, contract

no.: 11.11.140.031, based on results of EEA Project „Geothermal Energy – a basis for low-emission

heating, improving living conditions and sustainable development – preliminary studies for selected

areas in Poland”, co-financed by the Financial Mechanism of the European Ec. Area (EEA) 2009–2014.


__________________________________________________________________________________

46

Michał STEFANIUK1, Cezary OSTROWSKI2, Marek SADA2, Adam CYGAL1 1AGH University of Science and Technology



Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków 2PBG Geophisical Exploration Ltd.

ul. Jagiellońska 76, 03-301 Warszawa

HYDROGEOLOGICAL HORIZONS INSIDE A CRYSTALLINE MASSIF IN LIGHT OF

THE RESULTS OF A GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE

LĄDEK ZDRÓJ RESERVOIR

ABSTRACT

Geophysical methods are commonly used in geothermal water reservoirs prospection as well as in the

recognition of its resources and the conditions of its occurrence. They are applied mainly as methods of

entrance phase of prospection, however, they are more and more frequently used in recognizing the

structure and retention conditions of hydrogeothermal reservoirs and deposit parameters. Three areas of

radically different geological characteristics that demand separate methodology of geophysical surveys

can be distinguished in Polish conditions. These are: the Polish Lowlands, Flysch Carpathians and the

Sudetes Region. Hydrogeothermal reservoirs usually occur inside crystalline massifs in the Sudetes area,

most frequently as fractured zones accompanying faults. Such conditions demand the specific selection

of geophysical methods and survey methodologies. Lądek Zdrój, an area known for several hundred

years as a place of the occurrence and use of hot springs, is representative for the region. The reservoir

occurs there in specific geological conditions characteristic for the Sudetes area. It is of a fracture type

and occurs in artesian conditions. The development of the Health Resort resulted in the need of better

recognizing the hydrogeothermal reservoir and its geological vicinity. Geophysical surveys for the

recognition of general geological conditions of the reservoir and its vicinity were made in the area. The

magnetic, gravity and surface geothermic methods as well as VLF profiling, resistivity profiling and

soundings and continuous magnetotelluric profiling were applied. The review of earlier geophysical

surveys and the reinterpretation of magnetotelluric and gravity data are the subject of presented paper.

The reinterpretation works included reviews of data acquisition, the verification of procedures and the

results of data processing and interpretation as well as an extended interpretation of magnetotelluric

sounding curves with use of 2D inversion. As results of the survey tectonic zones were interpreted and

temperature anomalies were discovered and, in limited range, the space recognizing of fractured aquifer

horizons was also conducted.

KEY WORDS

geothermic, Sudety, Lądek Zdrój, geophysical research, magnetotelluric, crystalline massif


no.: 11.11.140.031, based on results of EEA Project „Geothermal Energy – a basis for low-emission

heating, improving living conditions and sustainable development – preliminary studies for selected

areas in Poland”, co-financed by the Financial Mechanism of the European Ec. Area (EEA) 2009–2014.


__________________________________________________________________________________

47

Jadwiga STOŻEK, Małgorzata SOSNOWSKA, Izabela DUDEK


ul. Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa


FROM THE HEALTH RESORT TO THE MODERN WELLNESS CENTER

- THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL HEALTH RESORTS IN POLAND

ABSTRACT

Thermal waters can play a significant role in the Polish domestic economy due to the prospective

resources base and a wide spectrum of potential investors and consumers. Attention to the use of thermal

waters has substantially increased in recent years. One of the main direction of the Polish thermal waters

use – omitting the heating industry – is the recreation. The poster presents the history and the current

state of the selected geothermal health resorts in Poland (Lądek-Zdrój, Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój, Ustroń,

Inowrocław, Uniejów). The conducted observations pay attention to the variable nature of the health

resorts development resulting from the general market tendencies. The presented short profile of the

chosen resorts using thermal waters allow to conclude that the traditional layout of the health resorts is

being increasingly changed. The medical or rehabilitation activity is being extended to the holiday and

cosmetic offer, the so-called Medical Spa. It resulted from the changing health resorts services market

– it became a competition market to gain the customer. Taking the growing demand for the holiday and

cosmetic services into account, a very important factor for the subjects operating in this sector is using

modern solutions while building their health resorts offer. This can be used to spark the interest of

potential consumers, as such offers can be adapted to the individual needs and oriented towards leisure,

body esthetics and improving general health. It can be assumed that in the future – thanks to the health

resorts medicine based on the connection between the complementary medicinal and the holiday-leisure

aspects – Poland can become one of the major countries on the European health resorts market.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal waters, health resorts, recreation



__________________________________________________________________________________

48

Aleksandra SZULC, Barbara TOMASZEWSKA






THE CONCEPT OF USING LOCAL RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AS A

POSSIBILITY TO REDUCE LOW EMISSION IN THE RABKA-ZDRÓJ HEALTH

RESORT – ASSUMPTIONS TO THE PROJECT

ABSTRACT

Health resorts plays an important role in health care based on natural resources of the environment.

However, in health resorts the phenomenon of low emission is increasingly common. The results from

the Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection monitoring station confirmed the poor air quality

in the Rabka-Zdrój health resort. The significant scientific purpose of the project is the implementation

of the studies aimed at the identification and indication of local renewable energy sources potential to

reduce low emissions in the Rabka-Zdrój health resort. The ultimate results of the works will be an

important tool enabling the local community to acquaint themselves with the actual possibilities of using

alternative, pro-ecological technical solutions. The results of the project will have significant

environmental, social and economic effects. Comprehensiveness and a multidisciplinary approach to the

entire issue will complement the consideration of the possibility of introducing selected solutions and

directions of activities in the area of the health resort and in other areas where the problem of low

emission is still valid.

KEY WORDS

Rabka-Zdrój, health resorts, low emission, renewable energy sources, air quality



__________________________________________________________________________________

49

Mieczysław STRUŚ

Wrocław University of Science and Technology WME, PGA


AL-AGRO-BIOFUEL-ENERGY CENTER AS A CHANCE FOR ENERGY SELF-

SUFFICIENCY IN THE REGION

ABSTRACT

Current legal regulations in Poland impose on the local government authorities the responsibility for

energy safety, while the structure of generation and distribution of energy (mainly electricity) goes

beyond the competence of regional authorities. The dynamics of knowledge and technology

development in the field of renewable energy resources (OZE) provides the basis for the construction

of energy centers, which are using the ordered manner:

- hot water and rock resources for generating electricity and heat;

- plants rich in starch for the production of bioethanol constituting the biofuel component for spark

ignition and diesel engines, and stock which constitutes raw material for the production of biogas;

- fatty plants and animal and vegetable waste fats for the production of biofuels in transport, animal feed

as well as glycerine for multiple uses;

- a variety of plants and organic droppings for the production of biogas, as fuel for the production of

electricity and heat, as well as for combustion engines.

Geothermal-Agro-Biofuel-Energy Centers enabling the production of electricity, heat, food and

transport fuels, when organised as a smart grid, can ensure the region’s energy self-sufficiency, which

is in line with the Polish raison d'etat.

KEY WORDS

energy self-sufficiency, geothermal energy, biomass, biogas, biofuel, smart grid


__________________________________________________________________________________

50

Tomasz ŚLIWA, Andrzej GONET, Aneta SAPIŃSKA-ŚLIWA, Albert ZŁOTKOWSKI


Geoenergetics Laboratory

Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas



GEOENERGETICS LABORATORY - 10 YEARS OF ACTIVITY AT THE AGH

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN KRAKOW

ABSTRACT

The dynamic development of renewable energy recovery systems and also the rationalization of heat

management gave spur to the 10 year construction AGH of the Geoenergetics Laboratory at the Drilling,

Oil and Gas Faculty AGH University of Science and Technology (DOGF AGH-UST) in Krakow. One

of the important factors deciding about the build are previous works on adapting depleted and

negative wells. Research carried out at the Laboratory today and its usability functions are described in

the paper.

The laboratory is based on various types of borehole heat exchangers. They were investigated in view

of their design for their effective thermal conductivity eff and thermal resistance Rb. The thermal

response tests were used for elaborating the BHE thermal conductivity test. It can be used for optimizing

the structure and technology of the exploitation of large underground heat storage with borehole heat

exchangers.

This system can co-operate with various types of solar collectors which in an appropriate climate zone

may be a perfect source to be used for charging underground heat storage.

KEY WORDS

thermal heat pumps, thermal response test, borehole heat exchangers, geoenergetics



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51

Katarzyna ŚWIERSZCZ1, Bogdan ĆWIK1, Wojciech GÓRECKI2

1 Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. J. Dąbrowskiego

Instytut Systemów Bezpieczeństwa i Obronności, Wydział Logistyki WAT

ul. Gen. Witolda Urbanowicza 2, 00-908 Warszawa 46 2 AGH University of Science and Technology


POSSIBILITIES OF USING GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES TO SUPPLY THERMAL

ENERGY TO DEFENSE SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT

The needs and operational requirements of the Republic of Poland as well as allied commitments under

Host Nation Support (HNS) oblige NATO countries, including Poland, to carry out the tasks of

comprehensive logistic protection of troops in their own country. Hence the idea of scientific research

of logistic support for troops in the territory of the country regarding the possibility of supplying usable

water and thermal energy from geothermal sources and electricity supply from photovoltaic power

plants, which meet the above-mentioned operational needs of the Republic of Poland and the NATO

Strategic Concept (Lisbon 2010). They define priority logistics tasks within the framework of

collectivist defense and crisis management, necessary to ensure the sovereignty of member states and

the territorial integration of the entire Alliance. These tasks will be provided directly by assumed logistic

programs and anticipated solutions, as part of logistics support for own and allied troops in the case of

operations in the territory of the country, in accordance with operational plans, so-called contingency

planning.

The most important priority task of the HNS is to ensure the conditions of maintaining the capabilities

to survive of the troops and the ability and readiness to perform operational tasks. Achieving these

requirements at an appropriate level and to the extent necessary may provide new conceptual and

technological solutions in the area of logistic support, including the supply of usable water as well as

heat and electricity.

The aim of the paper is to present the results of the study and conceptual work begun in the army

regarding the development of intelligent, low-emission, low-energy and autonomous supply systems for

thermal (and electric) energy, as well as hot water - intended for effective tasks of the units of operational

troops, territorial army forces or grouping of other forces involved in crisis situations. These works are

aimed at developing solutions in pilot versions, and in the future, operational versions. Pilot solutions

will be developed for various, not always favorable hydrogeological and atmospheric conditions, using

cogeneration systems, fixed or mobile, using geothermal energy and reversible heat pumps. These

systems, in cooperation with mobile container photovoltaic power plants, will allow for the creation of

intelligent, automatically controlled, low-emission and mobile modules supplying thermal energy (cold)

of military groupings.

Undertake research on solutions for the army in the following circumstances is being considered:

located in permanent dislocation ("stationary version"), ensuring the supply of mainly thermal

or cooling energy to the district heating network or to the cooling systems of buildings,

warehouses, berthing and service areas, using high temperature or low temperature geothermal

springs;

located outside the place of permanent dislocation ("mobile version"), using mobile sets of

heating cables, sets of mobile road covers, mobile heat pump sets and sets of mobile container

solar power plants.

KEY WORDS

Host nation support, non-military defence preparations; Polish Armed Force’s operational capabilities,

supplying energy to the troops


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52

Barbara TOMASZEWSKA, Anna SOWIZDŻAŁ, Anna CHMIELOWSKA





PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS ON THE CONCEPT OF ADAPTING ABANDONED

OIL AND GAS WELLS FOR GEOTHERMAL PURPOSES

– EXAMPLES OF GLOBAL SOLUTIONS

ABSTRACT

Geothermal energy is a sustainable and environmentally-friendly source of renewable energy, and its

operation is not dependent on meteorological conditions. Nevertheless, the investment costs associated

mainly with drilling works aimed at accessing geothermal resources is a common limitation for the

implementation of new geothermal projects. The solution affecting the economic efficiency of

geothermal investments may in some cases be a reuse of existing, un-exploited boreholes of the oil and

gas sector, located in areas with favorable geothermal potential. The article presents global concepts

related to the reuse of wells after the exploitation of hydrocarbon deposits or negative exploratory wells

in order to exploit geothermal energy resources. Concepts focused on electricity production, the space

heating sector and other possible technologic application are discussed.

KEY WORDS

Geothermal energy, oil and gas wells, borehole heat exchanger (BHE)


no.: 11.11.140.031


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53

Barbara TOMASZEWSKA1, Magdalena TYSZER2 1Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences

ul. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków

e-mail: [email protected] 2AGH University of Science and Technology





GEOTHERMAL WATERS CONCENTRATION IN THE NANOFILTRATION PROCESS.

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE USE OF SELECTED

ANTISCALANTS ON THE CONCENTRATE PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT

The concentration of waste geothermal waters with the use of membrane techniques is considered as

a solution for obtaining products of special utility, among others in the cosmetic industry and

balneology. The presented research work was aimed at examining the impact of the use of a chemical

agent counteracting the phenomenon of membrane scaling (anti-scaling) on the properties of the

obtained concentrate. The tests were carried out on the basis of geothermal water obtained from a well

located in southern Poland. The mineralization of the analyzed geothermal water was over 2500 mg/dm3,

and in its chemical composition the high content of metasilicic acid, 80,31 mg/dm, played a significant

role. The obtained research results indicate the existence of a relationship between the use of an

antiscalant and the quality of the obtained concentrates. The concentrates obtained in the nanofiltration

processes, due to the significantly elevated silica concentration and the relatively high concentration of

other components such as: iron, iodine, magnesium, sodium, calcium, chlorides and sulphates, are used

for therapeutic purposes, in external treatment and cosmetology. However, dosing in the process of

nanofiltration of the antiscalant significantly affects the concentrations of selected components in the

concentrate and determines its further development.

KEY WORDS

concentrate, geothermal waters, antiscalant, nanofiltration, balneology, cosmetology


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54

Anna WACHOWICZ-PYZIK1, Anna SOWIŻDŻAŁ1 , Leszek PAJĄK2 1AGH University of Science and Technology



Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków 2AGH University of Science and Technology

Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering

Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków

OPTIMIZATION OF WORKING CONDITIONS FOR THE GEOTHERMAL DOUBLET

IN THE KALISZ AREA USING NUMERICAL MODELING

ABSTRACT

The optimization of working conditions for a potential geothermal doublet located in the area of Kalisz

was made using the TOUGH2 simulator. It was assumed that the smallest distance between boreholes

in a geothermal doublet would be an optimal solution and guarantee the safe and long-term operation of

the doublet. The measure of the system’s safety was lack of phenomenon so-called breakthrough of the

cold front observed in simulation results, which consists of a temperature drop in the production

borehole caused by the inflow of cooler water, injected by the injection borehole. The level of the

reservoir in the analyzed area is built of the lower Cretaceous and lower Jurassic deposits, which are

characterized by very good geothermal parameters. The simulations were carried out assuming the use

of the existing Zakrzyn IG-1 borehole, as a production well for the potential geothermal doublet, which

capture the underground waters of the lower Jurassic aquifer. Different distances from 500 to 3000 m

between the production and injection boreholes were analyzed. In order to determine the minimum

distance between boreholes for each distance, the same ranges of the yield from 50 to 150 m3/h, were

tested. In each analyzed case, the results of the pressure and temperature values on the head of the

production and injection boreholes were verified. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to select

the optimal distance for which the assumed efficiency range ensured that the injection borehole did not

influence the temperature of the aquifer in the assumed time horizon.

KEY WORDS

Numerical modelling, geothermal energy, lower Jurassic, Kalisz


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55

Beata WIKTOROWICZ1


ul. Zgoda 21, 25-953 Kielce


THE POSSIBILITIES AND CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF SULPHIDE GEOTHERMAL

WATERS IN SOLEC-SPA

ABSTRACT

The Solec-Spa is located in the basin of Nida, which is one of the most perspective areas of the

occurrence of geothermal waters. Favorable conditions have been confirmed here by deep research

holes. The geothermal waters are accumulated in the Lower Jurassic formations with a temperature of

about 250C already at a depth of 390 m, and 560C at floor-level at a depth of 1300 m. All the waters

studied have total dissolved solids (TDS) of more than 30 g/dm3 and belong to hydro-geochemical

classes Cl-Na. Geothermal waters of the basin of Nida may be used for the purposes of balneology, and

recreation.

KEY WORDS

Solec-Spa, geothermal waters, sulphurous waters, Nida Basin



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56

Sławomir WIŚNIEWSKI, Gabriela SOŁTYSIK, Władysław NOWAK

West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin

al. Piastów 17, 70-310 Szczecin


EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ONE-CYCLE ORC POWER PLANT

SUPPLIED BY GEOTHERMAL WATER FROM LOWER AND MIDDLE TRIASSIC

RESERVOIRS, USING WET AND DRY WORKING FLUIDS

ABSTRACT

The paper presents a thermal and flow analysis of a geothermal power plant with a single-cycle ORC

system supplied with two geothermal water streams of different temperatures. The streams of these

waters are extracted from two Triassic reservoirs. The first from the bottom tank and the second from

the middle tank. The streams of these waters are directed to the heat exchangers of the ORC system,

where they transmit thermal energy to the working medium of the power plant. As a result of the

conducted analysis, the efficiency of the operation of the power plant with a dry circulating factor and

a power plant with a wet circulation factor was compared. The analysis carried out showed that for the

assumptions made, the ORC system with a dry circulating factor is a more favorable consideration.

KEY WORDS

ORC power plant, geothermal power plant, organic working fluid




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57

Urszula WYRWALSKA, Małgorzata ZIÓŁKOWSKA-KOZDRÓJ


al. Jaworowa 19, 53-122 Wrocław


METHODOLOGY OF 3D GEOLOGICAL MODEL CONSTRUCTION IN ORDER TO

CALCULATE GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL MAP IN WAŁBRZYCH REGION:

ACTIVITIES OF GEOPLASMA-CE PROJECT.

ABSTRACT

To create a map of the shallow geothermal energy potential, knowledge of the subsurface geological

structure is essential. A common transboundary geological 3D model for the Wałbrzych-Broumov pilot

area was constructed for the needs of the GeoPLASMA-CE Project (Interreg Central Europe), in

collaboration with the Czech Geological Survey. This 3D model was based on digital version of map

sheets of the Detailed geological map of Poland on a 1:50,000 scale and borehole data collected from

the Geological-Engineering Data Base, Central Geological Data Base and Central Hydrogeological Data

Base. For the needs of the project, litho-stratigraphical profiles from selected boreholes were reclassified

according to the simplified legend containing 32. units. Following similar process the archival cross-

sections were reinterpreted accordingly to the new classification and an additional cross-section passing

through the transboundary area was made. Only these boreholes which were generally deeper than 10m

and had reliable lithological profiles and certainty in terms of location were chosen, in the total number

of 1019, to create the 3D model. Some of the boreholes were rejected due to existing duplicates,

uncertainty of the localizations or an unprecise depth. The base for setting the real, horizontal spreads

of the new litho-stratigraphical units were used - reclassified data of the Detailed geological map of

Poland on a 1:50,000 scale, geological cross-sections and properly revised borehole logs. On the basis

of the collected information, consecutively litho-stratigraphical units, beginning from the youngest,

were modelled with use of the Gocad software. In order to further develop maps of geothermal potential,

the top of every unit of the 3D model will be exported as a raster format into ArcMap software as well

as all borehole profiles with attributes assigned according to a value of thermal conductivity predefined

for the petrographic type of rock. Using the ArcMap software, based on special algorithms, an average

value of thermal conductivity will be computed for every point of the pilot area (at the center of the cell

raster in resolution 25 x 25 m) and for the defined depth (40, 70, 100 and 130 m). The final results of

the work will be the calculated value of geothermal potential in every raster cell displayed in the

dedicated set of maps.

KEY WORDS

3D geological model, geothermal potential map, GeoPLASMA-CE Project

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