85

BONY FISHES

Cynoponticus ferox Costa, 1846

Synonyms : Muraenesox ferox (Costa, 1846); Phyllogramma regani Pellegrin, 1934.

FAO names : En - Guinea pike conger; Fr - Murénésoce de Guinée; Sp - Murenocio de Guinea.

Size : 200 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, hook- and-line.

Habitat : sandy and muddy bottoms, from 10 to 100 m depth.

Loc. Name(s) :

MURAENESOCIDAE

teeth on midline

jaw teeth

roof of mouth

large teeth

large gill openings pectoral fins present

MURAENIDAE

Channomuraena vittata (Richardson, 1844)

FAO names : En - Broadbanded moray; Fr - Murène anneau; Sp - Morena franjeada.

Size : 120 cm.

Fishing gear : hook-and-line, traps.

Habitat : an insular demersal species, to 40 m depth; not common.

Loc.name(s) :

Echidna peli (Kaup, 1856)

FAO names : En - Pebbletooth moray; Fr - Murène serpent; Sp - Moreneta.

Size : 90 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, fish traps, hook-and- line.

Habitat : rocky bottoms in shallow waters.

Loc.name(s) :

Enchelycore nigricans (Bonnaterre, 1788)

pale-edged yellowish bars alternating with dark brown bars

vertical fins confined to tip of tail

pores on laws bordered with white

teeth blunt, molar-like

colour dark, with small, irregular pale spots, disappearing with age

reticulated colour pattern in young

colour uniform chestnut brown in adults

FAO names : En - Viper moray; Fr - Murène noire; Sp - Morena negra.

Size : 100 cm.

Fishing gear : hook-and-line, traps.

Habitat : rocky and coralline bottoms to 12 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

jaws arched, teeth

fang-like

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86

BONY FISHES MURAENIDAE

Gymnothorax maderensis (Johnson, 1862)

FAO names : En - Sharktooth moray; Fr - Murène de Madère; Sp - Morena de Madeira.

Size : 100 cm.

Fishing gear : hook-and-line, deep traps.

Habitat : deep waters around islands.

Loc.name(s) :

Lycodontis afer (Bloch, 1795)

FAO names : En - Dark moray; Fr - Murène obscure; Sp - Morena oscura.

Size : 130 cm, common to 90 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, traps, hook-and-line.

Habitat : rocky bottoms from 10 to 45 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

Lycodontis mareei (Poll, 1953)

FAO names: En - Spotjaw moray; Fr - Murène cobra, Sp - Morena boca manchada.

Size : 40 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, traps, hook-and-line.

Habitat : in coastal waters between 15 and 25 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

Lycodontis vicinus (Castelnau, 1855)

colour pale yellowish to brown, covered with spot and reticulations

upper tooth shark-like serrated teeth

colour dark brown or greenish with irregular yellow spots and blotches; fins edges with black

pores on both jaws rimmed with white

colour uniform brown

Synonyms : Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855)

FAO names : En - Purplemouth moray; Fr - Murène jaune; Sp - Morena amarilla.

Size : 122 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, hook-and-line, fish traps and other artisanal fishing gear.

Habitat : rocky bottoms and coral reefs, also on vegetated grounds to 40 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

small brown spot

2 types of coloration: one with distinct marbling, the other almost uniform brown with small dark specks

87

BONY FISHES

MURAENIDAE

Muraena helena Linnaeus, 1758

FAO names : En - Mediterranean moray; Fr - Murène de Méditerranée; Sp - Morena mediterránea.

Size : 130 cm.

Fishing gear : hook-and-line, traps.

Habitat : rocky bottoms from 15 to 50 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

Muraena melanotis (Kaup, 1859)

colour yellowish brown, with large pale blotches including a rosette pattern of small brown dots

(see Plate VII, 54)

FAO names : En - Honeycomb moray; Fr - Murène à pois; Sp - Morena de lunares.

Size : 80 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, hook-and-line.

Habitat : rocky bottoms from the coastline to 45 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

gill opening surrounded by a black blotch

pale round blotches

(see Plate VII, 55)

Muraena robusta Osorio, 1909

FAO names : En - Stout moray; Fr - Murène robuste; Sp - Morena robusta.

Size : 140 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, hook-and-line.

Habitat : rocky bottoms from the coastline to 45 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

Echelus myrus (Linnaeus, 1758)

large dark blotches on light background

gill opening surrounded

by a blackish blotch

(see Plate Vlll, 56)

FAO names : En - Painted eel; Fr - Serpenton miro; Sp -Tieso miro.

Size : at least 80 cm.

Fishing gear : hook-and-line.

Habitat : taken occasionally on muddy and sandy bottoms in estuaries and coastal lagoons from 3 to 12 m depth; buries in sand with only the head protruding.

Loc.name(s) :

2 supra- orbital pores

no infra- orbital pores

OPHICHTHIDAE

white sensorial papillae on dark background

88

BONY FISHES

Echiophis creutzbergi (Cadenat, 1956)

Synonyms : Mystriophis creutzbergi Cadenat, 1956.

FAO names : En - Spoon-nose eel; Fr - Serpenton tiyeux; Sp - Tieso culebrón.

Size : 170 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, hook-and-line.

Habitat : littoral and coastal waters and lagoons, to 40 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

Myrichthys pardalis (Valenciennes, 1835)

eyes small, above midpoint of mouth

3 preopercular pores OPHICHTHIDAE

brown black spots on pale background

tip without

fins

FAO names : En - Leopard eel; Fr - Serpenton leopardo; Sp - Tieso leopardo.

Size : 65 cm.

Fishing gear : trawls, traps.

Habitat : deep waters on rocky and muddy bottoms.

Loc.name(s) :

Mystriophis rostellatus (Richardson, 1844)

FAO names : En - African spoon-nose eel; Fr - Serpenton gris; Sp - Tieso gris.

Size : 140 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, hook-and-line.

Habitat : lagoons and coastal waters to 40 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

Ophichthus ophis Linnaeus, 1758

FAO names : En - Spotted snake eel; Fr - Serpenton tacheté; Sp - Tieso pintado.

Size : 140 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, hook-and-line.

Habitat : coastal waters to 50 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

eyes small, almost on top of head, above anterior half of mouth

colour pale yellowish orange, with large brown spots pale ocellated spots on belly

median frontal pore

tip without fins

median supratemporal pore

gill opening pectoral fin

2 preopercular pores

tip without fins

2 preopercular pores

colour back grey brown

large black spots on pale background

tip without fins

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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONBONY FISHESTechnical TermsGuide to the Identification of Families Occurring in the Gulf of GuineaTARPONS AND ALLIES - ElopiformesMEGALOPIDAEALBULIDAEELOPIDAE

HERRINGS AND ALLIES - ClupeiformesCLUPEIDAEENGRAULIDIDAE

EELS - AnguilliformesCONGRIDAEOPHICHTHIDAEMURAENESOCIDAEMURAENIDAEMORINGUIDAEXENOCONGRIDAEHETERENCHELYIDAE

SPINY EELS - NotacanthiformesNOTACANTHIDAEHALOSAURIDAE

CATFISHES - SiluriformesARIIDAE

ARGENTINES AND ALLIES - SalmoniformesARGENTINIDAEBATHYLAGIDAEGONOSTOMATIDAE ASTRONESTHIDAEALEPOCEPHALIDAE

LANTERNFISHES AND ALOES - MyctophiformesMYCTOPHIDAEPARALEPIDIDAEALEPISAURIDAEANOTOPTERIDAENEOSCOPELIDAEAULOPODIDAESYNODONTIDAECHLOROPHTHALMIDAE

TOADFISHES - BatrachoidiformesBATRACHOIDIDAE

CLINGFISHES - GobiesociformesGOBIESOCIDAE

ANGLERFISHES AND ALLIES - LophiiformesLOPHIIDAEANTENNARIIDAEOGCOCEPHAUDAEHIMANTOLOPHIDAE

CUSKEELS, BROTULAS AND ALLIES - OphidiiformesOPHIDIIDAECARAPIDAE

CODS, HAKES AND ALLIES - GadiformesMERLUCCIIDAEMORIDAEBREGMACEROTIDAEMACROURIDAE

SILVERSIDES AND ALLIES - AtheriniformesATHERINIDAE

FLYINGFISHES AND ALLIES - BeloniformesEXOCOETIDAEHEMIRAMPHIDAEBELONIDAESCOMBERESOCIDAE

SQUIRRELFISHES AND ALLIES - BeryciformesHOLOCENTRIDAETRACHICHTHYIDAEDIRETMIDAE

DORIES AND ALLIES - ZeiformesZEIDAEZENIONTIDAECAPROIDAEGRAMMICOLEPIDAE

OPAHS AND ALLIES - LampridiformesLAMPRIDAETRACHIPTERIDAEATELEOPODIDAE

PIPEFISHES AND ALLIES - GasterosteiformesSYNGNATHIDAEMACRORAMPHOSIDAEAULOSTOMIDAEFISTULARIIDAE

SCORPIONFISHES AND ALLIES - ScorpaeniformesPLATYCEPHALIDAESCORPAENIDAETRIGLIDAEPERISTEDIIDAECYCLOPTERIDAE

FLYING GURNARDS - DactylopteriformesDACTYLOPTERIDAE

PERCH-LIKE FISHES - Perciformes: PercoideiSERRANIDAEGRAMMISTIDAEKUHLIIDAEPRIACANTHIDAEAPOGONIDAEBRANCHIOSTEGIDAEPOMATOMIDAERACHYCENTRIDAEECHENEIDIDAECARANGIDAECORYPHAENIDAEBRAMIDAECENTRACANTHIDAEEMMELICHTHYIDAEGERREIDAELUTJANIDAELOBOTIDAEHAEMULIDAE ( = POMADASYIDAE)LETHRINIDAESPARIDAESCIAENIDAEMULLIDAEMONODACTYLIDAEPEMPHERIDIDAEBATHYCLUPEIDAEKYPHOSIDAEEPHIPPIDIDAEDREPANIDAECHAETODONTIDAEPOMACANTHIDAEPOMACENTRIDAECIRRHITIDAECEPOLIDAE

MULLETS - Perciformes: MugiloideiMUGILIDAE

BARRACUDAS - Perciformes: SphyraenoideiSPHYRAENIDAE

THREADFINS - Perciformes: PolynemoideiPOLYNEMIDAE

WRASSES AND ALLIES - Perciformes: LabroideiLABRIDAESCARIDAE

WEEVERFISHES AND ALLIES - Perciformes: TrachinoideiPERCOPHIDAETRACHINIDAEURANOSCOPIDAE

BLENNIES AND ALLIES - Perciformes: BlennioideiBLENNIIDAETRIPTERYGIIDAECLINIDAE

SANDLANCES - Perciformes: AmmodytoideiAMMODYTIDAE

DRAGONETS - Perciformes: CallyonimoideiCALLIONYMIDAE

GOBIES AND ALLIES - Perciformes: GobioideiGOBIIDAEELEOTRIDAEPERIOPHTHALMIDAEMICRODESMIDAE

SURGEONFISHES - Perciformes: AcanthuroideiACANTHURIDAE

TUNAS AND ALLIES - Perciformes: ScombroideiSCOMBRIDAEGEMPYLIDAETRICHIURIDAE

SWORDFISHES AND ALLIES - Perciformes: XiphioideiXIPHIIDAEISTIOPHORIDAE

LOUVARS - Perciformes: LuvaroideiLUVARIDAE

HARVESTFISHES AND ALLIES - Perciformes: StromateoideiTETRAGONURIDAESTROMATEIDAECENTROLOPHIDAENOMEIDAEARIOMMATIDAE

FLATFISHES - PleuronectiformesCITHARIDAEPSETTODIDAEBOTHIDAESOLEIDAECYNOGLOSSIDAE

PUFFERFISHES AND ALLIES - TetraodontiformesTETRAODONTIDAEBALISTIDAEMONACANTHIDAEDIODONTIDAEOSTRACIIDAEMOLIDAE

FamiliesACANTHURIDAEAcanthurus monroviaePrionurus biafraensis

ALBULIDAEAlbula vulpesPterothrissus belloci

ARIIDAEArius gigasArius heudelotiArius latiscutatusArius parkii

ARIOMMATIDAEAriomma bondiAriomma melanum

AULOPODIDAEAulopus cadenati

BALISTIDAEAbalistes stellatusBalistes capriscusBalistes punctatusBalistes vetulaCanthidermis maculatusMelichthys niger

BATRACHOIDIDAEBatrachoides liberiensisHalobatrachus didactylusPerulibatrachus elminensisPerulibatrachus rossignoli

BELONIDAEAblennes hiansPlatybelone argalus annobonensisStrongylura senegalensisTylosurus acus rafaleTylosurus crocodilus crocodilus

BOTHIDAEArnoglossus capensisArnoglossus imperialisBothus guibeiBothus podas africanusChascanopsetta lugubrisCitharichthys stampfliiMonolene mertensiMonolene microstomaSyacium micrurum

BRANCHIOSTEGIDAEBranchiostegus semifasciatus

CARANGIDAEAlectis alexandrinusAlectis ciliarisCampogramma glaycosCaranx crysosCaranx hipposCaranx latusCaranx lugubrisCaranx senegallusChloroscombrus chrysurusDecapterus macarellusDecapterus punctatusDecapterus rhonchusElagatis bipinnulataHemicaranx bicolorLichia amiaNaucrates ductorSelar crumenophthalmusSelene dorsalisSeriola carpenteriSeriola dumeriliTrachinotus goreensisTrachinotus maxillosusTrachinotus ovatusTrachinotus teraiaTrachurus trachurusTrachurus trecaeUraspis helvola

CENTRACANTHIDAESpicara altaSpicara nigricauda

CENTROLOPHIDAEHyperoglyphe moseliiSchedophilus pemarco

CHLOROPHTHALMIDAEChlorophthalmus atlanticus

CITHARIDAECitharus linguatula

CLUPEIDAEEthmalosa fimbriataIlisha africanaPellonula leonensisSardinella auritaSardinella maderensisSardinella rouxi

CORYPHAENIDAECoryphaena equiselis

CYNOGLOSSIDAECynoglossus browniCynoglossus cadenatiCynoglossus canariensisCynoglossus monodiCynoglossus senegalensisSymphurus ligulatusSymphurus nigrescensSymphurus normani

DACTYLOPTERIDAEDactylopterus volitans

DIRETMIDAEDiretmoides pariniDiretmoides pauciradiatusDiretmus argenteus

DREPANIDAEDrepane africana

ELOPIDAEElops lacertaElops senegalensis

EMMELICHTHYIDAEErythrocles monodi

ENGRAULIDIDAEEngraulis encrasicolus

EPHIPPIDIDAEChaetodipterus goreensisChaetodipterus lippei

EXOCOETIDAECypselurus cyanopterusCypselurus melanurusCypselurus milleriCypselurus nigricansCypselurus pinnatibarbatusExocoetus obtusirostrisExocoetus volitansFodiator acutusHirundichthys affinisHirundichthys speculigerParexocoetus brachypterusPrognichthys gibbifrons

FISTULARIIDAEFistularia petimbaFistularia tabacaria

GEMPYLIDAELepidocybium flavobrunneumPromethichthys prometheusRuvettus pretiosus

GERREIDAEEucinostomus melanopterusGerres nigri

GRAMMISTIDAERypticus saponaceusRypticus subbifrenatus

HAEMULIDAE ( = POMADASYIDAE)Brachydeuterus auritusParapristipoma humileParapristipoma octolineatumPlectorhynchus macrolepisPlectorhynchus mediterraneusPomadasys incisusPomadasys jubeliniPomadasys perotetiPomadasys rogerii

HEMIRAMPHIDAEEuleptorhampus veloxHemiramphus balaoHemiramphus brasiliensisHyporhamphus picartiOxyporhamphus micropterus similis

HOLOCENTRIDAEHolocentrus ascensionsMyripristís jacobusSargocentron hastatus

ISTIOPHORIDAEIstiophorus albicansMakaira indicaMakaira nigricansTetrapturus albidusTetrapturus pfluegeri

KUHLIIDAEParakuhlia macrophthalmus

KYPHOSIDAEKyphosus incisorKyphosus sectatrix

LABRIDAEAcantholabrus palloniBodianus scrofaBodianus speciosusLoris julisThalassoma pavoXyrichthys novacula

LAMPRIDAELampris guttatus

LETHRINIDAELethrinus atlanticus

LOBOTIDAELobotes surinamensis

LOPHIIDAELophiodes kempiLophius vaillanti

LUTJANIDAEApsilus fuscusLutjanus agennesLutjanus dentatusLutjanus endecacanthusLutjanus fulgensLutjanus goreensis

MACRORAMPHOSIDAEMacroramphosus scolopax

MACROURIDAECoelorinchus coelorhincusMalacocephalus laevisMalacocephalus occidentalisNezumia aequalis

MEGALOPIDAETarpon atlanticus

MERLUCCIIDAEMerluccius polli

MONODACTYLIDAEPsettias sebae

MORIDAEAntimora rostrataGadella imberbisLaemonema laureysi

MUGILIDAELiza dumeriliiLiza falcipinnisLiza grandisquamisMugil bananensisMugil cephalusMugil curema

MULLIDAEPseudupeneus prayensis

MURAENESOCIDAECynoponticus ferox

MURAENIDAEChannomuraena vittataEchidna peliEnchelycore nigricansGymnothorax maderensisLycodontis aferLycodontis mareeiLycodontis vicinusMuraena helenaMuraena melanotisMuraena robusta

OPHICHTHIDAEEchelus myrusEchiophis creutzbergiMyrichthys pardalisMystriophis rostellatusOphichthus ophisOphisurus serpens

OPHIDIIDAEBrotula barbata

PERCOPHIDAEBembrops greyiBembrops heterurus

PLATYCEPHALIDAEGrammoplites gruveli

POLYNEMIDAEGaleoides decadactylusPentanemus quinquariusPolydactylus quadrifilis

POMACANTHIDAEPomacanthus paru

POMATOMIDAEPomatomus saltatrix

PRIACANTHIDAEHeteropriacanthus cruenatusPriacanthus arenatus

PSETTODIDAEPsettodes belcheri

RACHYCENTRIDAERachycentron canadum

SCARIDAENicholsina ustaScarus hoefleriSparisoma cretenseSparisoma rubripinne

SCIAENIDAEArgyrosomus hololepidotusArgyrosomus regiosAtractoscion aequidensMiracorvina angolensisPentheroscion mbiziPseudotolithus (Pseudotolithus) brachygnathusPseudotolithus (Fonticulus) elongatusPseudotolithus (Pinnacorvina) epipercusPseudotolithus (Hostia) mooriiPseudotolithus (Pseudotolithus) senegalensisPseudotolithus (Pseudotolithus) typusPteroscion peliSciaena umbraUmbrina canariensisUmbrina cirrosaUmbrina ronchusUmbrina steindachneri

SCOMBRIDAEAcanthocybium solandriAuxis rocheiAuxis thazardEuthynnus alletteratusKatsuwonus pelamisOrcynopsis unicolorSarda sardaScomber japonicusScomberomorus tritorThunnus alalungaThunnus albacaresThunnus obesus

SCORPAENIDAEHelicolenus dactylopterusPontinus accraensisPontinus kuhliiScorpaena angolensisScorpaena elongataScorpaena laevisScorpaena maderensisScorpaena normanScorpaena scrofaScorpaena stephanicaSetarches guentheri

SERRANIDAEAnthias anthiasCentrarchops chapiniCephalopholis nigriCephalopholis taeniopsEpinephelus aeneusEpinephelus costaeEpinephelus goreensisEpinephelus guazaEpinephelus itajaraMycteroperca rubraParanthias furciferPolyprion americanusSerranus accraensisSerranus cabrillaSerranus sanctaehelenae

SOLEIDAEBathysolea lacteaBathysolea profundiculaDicologoglossa cuneataDicologoglossa hexophthalmaHeteromycteris proboscideusMicrochirus boscanionMicrochirus frechkopiMicrochirus ocellatusMicrochirus witteiMonochirus hispidesPegusa cadenatiPegusa lascarisPegusa triophthalmusSynaptura cadenatiSynaptura lusitanicaSynapturichthys kleiniiVanstraelenia chirophthalmus

SPARIDAEBoops boopsDentex angolensisDentex barnardiDentex canariensisDentex congoensisDentex gibbosusDentex macrophthalmusDentex maroccanusDiplodus bellottiiDiplodus cervinus cervinusDiplodus puntazzoDiplodus sargus cadenatiDiplodus vulgarisLithognathus mormyrusOblada melanuraPagellus acareePagellus bellottiiPagellus bogaraveoPagrus aurigaPagrus caeruleostictusPagrus pagrus africanusSarpa salpaSparus aurataSpondyliosoma cantharus

SPHYRAENIDAESphyraena afraSphyraena barracudaSphyraena guachanchoSphyraena sphyraena

STROMATEIDAEStromateus fiatola

SYNODONTIDAESaurida brasiliensisSynodus saurusSynodus synodusTrachinocephalus myops

TETRAODONTIDAEEphippion guttiferLagocephalus laevigatusLagocephalus lagocephalusSphoeroides marmoratusSphoeroides pachygasterGephyroberyx darwini

TRACHICHTHYIDAEHoplostethus cadenatiHoplostethus mediterraneus

TRACHINIDAETrachinus araneusTrachinus armatusTrachinus collignoniTrachinus lineolatusTrachinus pellegriniTrachinus radiatusTrachinus vipera

TRICHIURIDAEAphanopus carboBenthodesmus tenuisLepidopus caudatusTrichiurus lepturus

TRIGLIDAEChelidonichthys capensisChelidonichthys gabonensisChelidonichthys (Trigloporus) lastovizaChelidonichthys lucernaLepidotrigla cadmaniLepidotrigla carolaeTrigla lyra

URANOSCOPIDAEUranoscopus albescaUranoscopus cadentiUranoscopus polli

XIPHIIDAEXiphias gladius

ZEIDAECyttopsis roseusZenopsis conchiferZeus faber

SHARKSTechnical Terms Guide to FamiliesFRILLED AND COW SHARKS - HexanchiformesHEXANCHIDAE

DOGFISH SHARKS AND ALLIES - SqualiformesECHINORHINIDAESQUALIDAEOXYNOTIDAE

ANGEL SHARKS - SquatiniformesSQUATINIDAE

NURSE AND WHALE SHARKS - OrectolobiformesGINGLYMOSTOMATIDAERHINIODONTIDAE

MACKEREL SHARKS AND ALLIES - LamniformesODONTASPIDIDAEPSEUDOCARCHARIIDAEALOPIIDAELAMNIDAE

GROUND SHARKS AND ALLIES - CarcharhiniformesSCYLIORHINIDAELEPTOCHARIIDAETRIAKIDAEHEMIGALEIDAECARCHARHINIDAESPHYRNIDAE

FamiliesALOPIIDAEAlopias superciliosusAlopias vulpinus

CARCHARHINIDAECarcharhinus altimusCarcharhinus amboiensisCarcharhinus brachyurusCarcharhinus brevipinnaCarcharhinus falciformisCarcharhinus galapagensisCarcharhinus leucasCarcharhinus limbatusCarcharhinus IongimanusCarcharhinus obscurusCarcharhinus plumbeusCarcharhinus signatusGaleocerdo cuvierNegaprion brevirostrisPrionace glaucaRhizoprionodon acutus

GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAEGinglymostoma cirratum

HEMIGALEIDAEParagaleus pectoralis

LAMNIDAECarcharodon carcharíasIsurus oxyrinchusIsurus paucus

LEPTOCHARIIDAELeptocharias smithii

SCYLIORHINIDAEGaleus polliScyliorhinus caniculaScyliorhinus cervigoniScyliorhinus stellaris

SPHYRNIDAESphyrna couardiSphyrna lewiniSphyrna mokarranSphyma zygaena

SQUALIDAECentrophorus granulosusCentrophorus lusitanicusCentrophorus squamosusCentrophorus uyatoCentroscyllium fabriciiCentroscymnus coelolepisCentroscymnus crepidaterDalatias lichaDeania calceaDeania profundorumEtmopterus polliEtmoptertis pusillusEtmopterus spinaxSqualus blainvilleiSqualus megalopsSqualus mitsukurii

SQUATINIDAESquatina aculeataSquatina oculata

TRIAKIDAEGaleorhinus galeusMustelus mustelus

BATOID FISHESTechnical Terms Guide to FamiliesPRISTIDAERHINOBATIDAERHYNCHOBATIDAEPLATYRHINIDAETORPEDINIDAERAJIDAEDASYATIDAEGYMNURIDAEMYLIOBATIDAERHINOPTERIDAEMOBULIDAE

FamiliesDASYATIDAEDasyatis centrouraDasyatis margaritaDasyatis pastinacaTaeniura grabata

MOBULIDAEManta birostrisMobula coillotiMobula rochebrunei

MYLIOBATIDAEAetobatus narinariMyliobatis aquilaPteromylaeus bovinos

PRISTIDAEPristis microdonPristis pectinataPristis pristis

RAJIDAERaja albaRaja clavataRaja doutreiRaja leopardusRaja maderensisRaja miraletusRaja radulaRaja straeleniRaja undulata

RHINOBATIDAERhinobatos albomaculatusRhinobatos cemiculusRhinobatos rhinobatos

RHINOPTERIDAERhinoptera marginata

CHIMAERASTechnical Terms Guide to FamiliesCHIMAERAS - ChimaeriformesRHINOCHIMAERIDAECHIMAERIDAE

LOBSTERSTechnical Terms Guide to FamiliesFamily NEPHROPIDAE (True lobsters)Family PALINURIDAE (Spiny lobsters)Family POLYCHELIDAEFamily SCYLLARIDAE (Slipper lobsters)Family CALLIANASSIDAE (Ghost shrimps)

FamiliesPALINURIDAEPanulirus argusPanulirus regius

SCYLLARIDAEScyllarides herklotsii

SHRIMPS AND PRAWNSTechnical Terms Sub-order CARIDEACRANGONIDAEPontocaris lacazei

HIPPOLYTIDAEExhippolysmata hastatoides

NEMATOCARCINIDAENematocarcinus africanus

PALAEMONIDAENematopalaemon hastatus

PANDALIDAEHeterocarpus ensiferParapandalus narvalPlesionika martia

PASIPHAEIDAEGlyphus marsupialis

Sub-order PENAEOIDEAARISTEIDAEAristeus varidensPlesiopenaeus edwardsianus

PENAEIDAEParapenaeopsis atlanticaParapenaeus longirostrisPenaeus (Melicertus) kerathurusPenaeus (Farfantepenaeus) notialis

SICYONIDAESicyonia carinataSicyonia galeata

SOLENOCERIDAESolenocera africana

TRUE CRABSTechnical Terms FamiliesCALAPPIDAECalappa gallusCalappa peliiCalappa rubroguttata

GECARCINIDAECardlosoma armatum

GERYONIDAEGeryon maritae

GRAPSIDAEGoniopsis pelliGrapsus grapsusPachygrapsus transversusSesarma angolense

HOMOLIDAEParamola cuvieri

MAJIDAEMaja squinado

OCYPODIDAEOcypode africanaOcypode cursorUca tangeri

PORTUNIDAECallinectes amnicolaCallinectes marginatusCallinectes pallidusCronius ruberLiocarcinus corrugatusPortunus hastatusPortunus validus

XANTHIDAEMenippe nodifronsPanopeus africanus

STOMATOPODSTechnical Terms Most Common SpeciesLysiosquilla hoeveniiSquilla aculeata calmaniSquilla cadenatiSquilla mantis

CEPHALOPODSTechnical Terms CUTTLEFISHESSEPIIDAESepia berthelotiSepia elegansSepia elobyanaSepia officinalisSepia orbignyanaSepiella ornata

SEPIOLIDAEHeteroteutis disparNeorossia caroli

SQUIDSLOLIGINIDAEAlloteuthis africanaLoligo vulgarisLolliguncula mercatoris

OMMASTREPHIDAEIllex coindetiiOmmastrephes bartramiOmmastrephes pteropusOrnithoteuthis antillarumTodarodes sagittatus sagittatusTodaropsis eblanae

ONYCHOTEUTHIDAEAncistroteuthis lichtensteiniOnychoteuthis banksi

THYSANOTEUTHIDAEThysanoteuthis rhombus

OCTOPUSESOCTOPODIDAEOctopus defilippiOctopus macropusOctopus vulgaris

BIVALVESTechnical Terms FamiliesARCIDAEAnadara senegalensisNoetia gambiensisArca noaeSenilia senilis

CARDIIDAECardium costatumCardium ringens

CARDITIDAECardita ajarCardita tankervillei

DONACIDAEDonax pukhellusDonax rugosusGalatea paradoxalphigenia delessertiIphigenia laevigataIphigenia rostrata

GARIDAEGari bornii

GLYCYMERIDAEGlycymeris vovan

HIATELLIDAEPanopea cancellata

MACTRIDAELabiosa vitreaMactra glabrataMactra largilliertiMactra nitidaMactra rostrata

MYTILIDAEModilus nitensModiolus rhomboideus

OSTREIDAEOstrea cucullataOstrea denticulata

PETRICOLIDAEPetricola pholadiformis

PHOLADIDAEBarnea truncataPholas campechiensisTalon explanata

PINNIDAEAtrina chautardiPinna rudis

SOLECURTIDAESolecurtus strigilatusTagelus adansonii

SOLENIDAECultellus tenuisEnsis goreensisSolen guinensis

TELLINIDAEApolymetis papyraceaTellina hyalinaTellina senegambiensisTellina strigosa

VENERIDAEPitar tumensTivela triplaVenerupis corrugataVenerupis duraVenus foliaceolamellosaVenus verrucosa

GASTROPODSTechnical Terms FamiliesCASSIDAECassis tessellata

CREPIDULIDAECrepidula goreensis

CYMATIIDAECharonia nodifera

FISSURELLIDAEFissurela nubecula

HALIOTIDAEHaliotis tuberculata

MELONGENIDAEPugilina morio

MURICIDAEMurex angularisMurex cornutusMurex duplexThais coronataThais haemastomaThais nodosa

NASSARIIDAEBullia miran

NATICIDAENatica adansoniNatica collarisNatica fulmineaNatica marochiensisNatica tigrinaNatica turtoniSinum concavum

NERITIDAENerita senegalensis

PATELLIDAEPatella safiana

STROMBIDAEStrombus latos

VOLUTIDAECymbium cymbiumCymbium glansCymbium pepo

SEA TURTLESTechnical Terms FamiliesCHELONIIDAECaretta carettaChelonia mydasEretmochelys imbricataLepidochelys olivacea

DERMOCHELYIDAEDermochelys coriacea coriacea

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC AND VERNACULAR NAMESABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

LIST OF COLOUR PLATESPlate IPlate IIPlate IIIPlate IVPlate VPlate VIPlate VIIPlate VIIIPlate IXPlate XPlate XIPlate XIIPlate XIIIPlate XIVPlate XVPlate XVI