Bonus TriviaDNA StructureTranslationTranscriptio

nReplication

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Replication– 10 Points

• During what phase of the cell cycle does replication occur?

• S phase

Replication– 20 Points

• What is the name at which DNA begins to unwind?

• Origin of Replication

Replication– 30 Points

• What direction does replication occur in? What strand does replication occur continuously?

• 5’-3’• Leading strand

Replication– 40 Points

• What strand does not replicate continuously? What does it use to complete replication?

• Lagging Strand• Okazaki Fragments

Replication– 50 Points

• Outline the use of each enzyme in the replication process.

• Helicase- unwinds DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds• Single Stranded binding proteins- holds separated strands

apart• DNA polymerase III- add new nucleotides to complementary

strand• DNA polymerase I- replaces RNA primer with DNA• RNA Primase- adds RNA primer• DNA ligase- connects okazaki fragments

Transcription– 10 Points

• What is transcription?

• Synthesis of mRNA strand from template strand of DNA

Transcription– 20 Points

• What is the central dogma of biology?

• Info passes from genes on DNA to strands of mRNA, which determine the sequence of amino acids to produce proteins

• DNARNAprotein

Transcription– 30 Points

• What is the function of RNA polymerase?

• Separates DNA strands and adds nucleoside triphosphates to mRNA.

Transcription– 40 Points

• What is the promoter region?

• Sequence of nucleotides on DNA strand that signals for attachment of RNA polymerase and begins transcription

• TATA box

Transcription– 50 Points

• What is the difference between introns and exons? What process is used to separate the two?

• Introns are non-coding regions of DNA, exons are coding regions of DNA.

• Separated by splicing, which occurs at the end of transcription

Translation– 10 Points

• What is the process of translation?

• Process of interpreting genetic code on mRNA to form a protein

Translation– 20 Points

• What occurs during initiation?

• AUG codon signals for start of translation. tRNA molecule carrying MET binds to P site of ribosome

Translation– 30 Points

• What occurs during elongation?

• Elongation factors bring tRNA molecules to ribosomes, adding amino acid molecules to elongating polypeptide chain. Determined by sequence of nucleotides of mRNA

Translation– 40 Points

• Describe the process of termination.

• Stop codons on mRNA (UAA, UGA, UAG) signal for end of translation. Protein called release factor binds to A site, releases polypeptide chain and dissociates ribosome/mRNA complex

Translation– 50 Points

• Describe the process of translocation.

• Movement of tRNA molecules from one site of ribosome to another– tRNA in A site moves to P site, taking mRNA strand

with it– tRNA in P site moves to E site and is released– New tRNA binds to mRNA at A site

DNA structure– 10 Points

• What composes the DNA backbone?

• Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups

DNA structure– 20 Points

• What are the four types of nucleotides in DNA

• Adenine• Thymine• Guanine• Cytosine

DNA structure– 30 Points

• The two strands of DNA in a double helix are antiparallel, meaning what?

• Meaning that they run in opposite direction, from 5’-3’

DNA structure– 40 Points

• How do the two strands bind to form a double helix? Which bases pair together?

• By hydrogen bonds• A-T, G-C

DNA structure– 50 Points

• Compare DNA and RNA

• DNA is double stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and thymine

• RNA is single stranded, contains ribose sugars, and uracil

Random Trivia– 10 Points

• What date did the attack on pearl harbor occur?

• December 7, 1941

Random Trivia– 20 Points

• Who was Jerry Seinfeld’s nemesis on the hit tv series Seinfeld?

• Newman

Random– 30 Points

• What is the capital city of Iowa?

• Des Moines

Random Trivia– 40 Points

• What was the first building in the world to have more than 100 floors?

• Empire State Building

Random– 50 Points

• What is the only bone in the human body that doesn’t connect with another bone?

• The Hyoid