Bone of Head and Neck-Dr MBA Block 6 Ok

8/18/2019 Bone of Head and Neck-Dr MBA Block 6 Ok

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Anatomy of Bones of Skull andNeck

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The Axial Skeleton• Axial division

– Skull and associatedbones

• Auditory ossicles

• Hyoid bones

– Vertebral column – Thoracic cage

• Ribs sternum

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The Skull and Associated Bones

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The Adult Skull

•Skull (cranium) = 22 bones• Neurocranium = bones! "rontals# occi$ital#

tem$orals# $arietals# s$henoid and ethmoid

• %iscerocranium ("acial bones) = 1& bones!nasals# ma'illae# *omatics# mandible#

lacrimals# $alatines# in"erior nasal conchae#

+omer

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The adult skull

• Forms a larger cranial cavity also forms

the nasal cavity the orbits !aranasalsinuses"

• #andible and auditory ossicles are the

only movable skull bones• $ontains many holes for the !assage of

nerves and vessels % foramen&foramina

•Also' attach to membranes calledmeninges (stabili)e !ositions of thebrain blood vessels

• *uter surface !rovides large areas formuscle attachment that move the headDr MBA ,


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Sutures

• +mmovable ,oints• Form boundaries bet-een skull bones• Four main sutures

– $oronal

– Sagittal – .ambdoid – S/uamous – 0.1S lots of smaller sutures

• e"g Frontonasal• e"g" Tem!ero)ygomatic

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Skull' 0osterior Vie-• Occipital bone

• 0art of the base of the skull

• Surrounds the foramenmagnum

• Forms !art of the ,ugularforamen

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Mastoid notch


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•Parietal bones

/0art o" the su$erior and lateral sur"aces o" the cranium

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•Temporal bone

/orms all o" 4u*ular "oramen

/0etrous $art houses tm$anic ca+it

Auditor ossicles transmit sound to inner ear Dr MBA 15


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• Frontal bone

– Forms the forehead

– Roof of the orbit

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The *rbit

• *rbital com!lex

– Bony recess that holds the eye

– Seven bones

• Frontal bone

• .acrimal bones

• 0alatine bones

• 2ygomatic bones

•

3thmoid• S!henoid

• #axillae

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• Sphenoid bone – $ontributes to 4oor of cranium

– Bridges cranial and facial bones

– *!tic canal allo-s !assage of o!tic nerve

– 0terygoid !rocesses sites of muscleattachment

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• Ethmoid Bone – +rregularly sha!ed bone

– Forms !art of orbital -all

–

Forms roof of nasal cavity – $ribriform !late

– 0erforations for olfactorynerve

– 0er!endicular !late

– Nasal se!tumDr MBA 1,


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6ranial ossae

• 5e!ressions incranial 4oor

• Anterior cranialfossa – Frontal bone

ethmoid lesser-ings of s!henoid

• #iddle cranial fossa – S!henoid tem!oral

bones !arietal bones

• 0osterior cranialfossa – *cci!ital bone

tem!oral bones

!arietal bones Dr MBA 1-


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Bones of the Face• #axillae

– 0aired bone – .argest facial

bones

– Form u!!er ,a-

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• Mandible – 3ntire lo-er ,a-

– Articulates -ith tem!oralbone

– Tem!oromandibular ,oint

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• Nasal bones – 0aired bones

– Articulate -ith frontal bone

– 3xtend to su!erior border of external nares

• Vomer – Forms inferior !ortion of nasal se!tum

– Articulates -ith maxillae and !alatines

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• Inferior nasal concha

7 8ocated on each side o" nasal se$tum

7 9ncrease e$ithelial sur"ace

7 6reate turbulence in ins$ired air

• Zygomatic bone

7 Tem$oral $rocess articulates ith *omatic $rocess o" tem$oral bone 7 orms *omatic arch

• Lacrimal bones

7 Smallest bones in skull

7 orms nasolacrimal *roo+e leadin* to nasolacrimal canal 7 Deli+ers tears to nasal ca+it

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• 0alatine bones

– Small

– .(sha!ed

– Form !osterior !ortion ofhard !alate

– $ontribute to 4oor of orbit

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The Nasal $om!lex• Bones andcartilage thatenclose the

nasal cavity• Paranasal

sinuses – Hollo- air-ays

–Frontal boness!henoidethmoid andmaxillae

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The 0aranasal Sinuses

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The Hyoid Bone

• Sus!ended by stylohyoid ligaments

• $onsists of a body greater horns andlesser horns

• Base for muscles of the tongue andlarynx

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The Skulls of +nfants $hildrenand Adults

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Fontanels

• Fibrous connections

• 0ermit infant skulls to !ass throughbirth canal

• 0ermit the skulls of infants andchildren to continue gro-th

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• The "lat bones in the in"ant skull are

se$arated b "ontanels# hich allo "orcranial e'$ansion and the distortion o" the

skull durin* birth:


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Adult Vertebral $olumn

• 67 vertebrae – 68 individual vertebrae

– Sacrum

– $occyx• Seven cervical vertebrae

• T-elve thoracic vertebrae

•Five lumbar vertebrae

• Sacrum and coccyx are fused

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$ervical S!ine Anatomy

• 0rimary function

– #obility su!!ort and !rotectionof s!inal canal and neural

structures

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• Vertebrae 9:;• +ntervertebral discs

97;

• 0airs of exitingnerve roots 9 – #ost of the lordosis

occurs at the $?($6segment

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22

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•A!!roximately @= of 4exion(extension motion occurs atocci!ut($?

• A!!roximately @= of rotation

occurs at $?($6

• .esser amounts of 4exion(extension rotation and lateral

bending occur segmentallybet-een $6($:

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• Aty!ical vertebral

• structure $? 9atlas;• Vertebral

canal&foramen

• Anterior arch

• Anterior tubercle

• Transverse !rocess

• 0osterior arch

• Transverseforamen

• .ateral mass

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Inferior

Superior


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• The odontoid!rocess of the axis

9$6; extendscranially to formthe axis of rotation

-ith atlas 9$?;

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S!inal $urvature• Four curvatures

– Thoracic 9!rimary;

– Sacral 9!rimary;

– .umbar 9secondary;

– $ervical 9secondary;

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The Tem!oromandibular oint

•#andibular fossa of tem!oral bone

• $ondylar !rocesses of mandible

• Thick articular disc

• Su!!orting structures

– 5ense ca!sule – Tem!oromandibular ligament

– Stylomandibular ligament

– S!henomandibular ligament

• .oose hinge ,oint

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+ntervertebral Articulations• Articular !rocesses

of ad,acentvertebrae

• Sym!hyseal ,ointsat bodies

• .igaments bindvertebrae

• 0ermits 4exionextension lateral

4exion rotation

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Bone of Head and Neck-Dr MBA Block 6 Ok

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