Bone - gmch.gov.in lectures/Anatomy/H-BONE.pdf · Bone Highly specialized connective tissue in...
Transcript of Bone - gmch.gov.in lectures/Anatomy/H-BONE.pdf · Bone Highly specialized connective tissue in...
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BoneHighly specialized connective tissue in which ground substance is impregnated with calcium
salts to make the tissue rigidFunction-1.Forms internal frame work of the body2.Acts as lever for the movements3.Provide protection to the organs4.Forms the calcium depots of the body5.Contains bone marrow
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• Components-1. Ground substance-
OrganicInorganic
2.Cells-Osteogenic cellsOsteoblastsOsteocytesOsteoclasts
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• Intercellular substance-1. Organic- formed of dense bundle of
collagen fibers embedded in an amorphous ground substance composed of hyaluronic acid &
protein polysaccharide. Both derived from osteoblasts.
2.Inorganic- constitutes about 2/3 rd of the wt of bone.Consists of CaPO4, CaCO3,CaFl2 & MgCl2
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Cells-• Osteogenic cells- Precursor of other tree
variety of cellsPresent in the osteogenic layer of periosteum
• Osteoblasts- Present where active bone formation is going on. Large cells with heavily basophilic cytoplasmNucleus is round and eccentricCell posses cytoplasmic processes
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• Osteocytes- are present in full formed bone tissueCells lie imprisoned in the intercellular substance in a space called lacunaeThe processes of osteocyte extend into the canaliculiMicroscopic appearance is similar to osteoblast but being quiescent cytoplasm is less basophilicwhen occasion demands,they become active again & lay down the organic intercellular substance
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• Osteoclasts-Are a form of giant cells.Present at sites where bone resorption
takes place. Multinucleate cells , number of nuclei ranging from 6-20. Cytoplasm is eosinophilic & may be vacuolated
Types of bone-1.Dense or compact- found in shaft of long
bones2.Spongy or cancellous- Found at the end
of long bones
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Compact bone• Outer covering of bone is
called periosteum• Periosteum is made up of
outer fibrous layer & inner osteogenic layer
• A number of osteon or haversian system are seen
• Besides concentric lamellae interstitial & circumferential lamellae are also present. Haversian canals are interconnected by Volkmann's canal
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• Osteon or Haversian system consists of-centrally situated canal called haversian canal which is occupied by vessels nerves & lymphatics
• H. canals are surrounded by 8-15 concentric lamellae• between the lamellae there are oval spaces known as
lacunae which are occupied by osteocytes• Fine channels radiate from each lacuna . These are
called canaliculi. These are occupied by processes of osteocytes.
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Cancellous bone• Lamellae are irregularly arranged• Haversian system is absent• bone tissue is arranged as thin plates known as
trabeculae• spaces between the trabeculae are occupied by bone
marrow
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Endochondral ossification; development of long bone
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Endochondral ossification: zone of ossification
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Endochondral bone : zone of osification
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Endochondral ossification: development of secondary center
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Bone formation development of osteon
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Intramembranous ossification
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Intramembranous ossification