Types of Body Tissues 1. Epithelial. 2. Connective. 3. Muscular. 4. Nervous.
Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial.
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Transcript of Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial.
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Tissue TypesBody tissues are divided into 4
categories:1. Connective2. Nerve3. Muscle4. Epithelial
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1. Connective Tissue
-Functions: Connect, support, transportation (blood), defense, and storage (fat)
-cells are surrounded by some type of non-living matrix
-classified by their structure and the type of matrix
-there are four major classes of connective tissue with subcategories
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I. Fibrous, II. Bone, III. Cartilage, IV. Blood
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a) Loose- the stretchable fascia between organs-like an elastic glue spread between organs
I. Fibrous (have extracellular fibers)
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b) Adipose- fat storage under the skin -important for protection and insulation
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c) reticular- web like fibers of the lymphatic (immune) system
- helps filter blood - contains white blood cells to destroy
dangerous invaders
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d) dense- tendons and ligaments –flexible but strong
-tendon- connects muscle to bone -ligament- connects bone to bone
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II. Bone bone cells are called osteocytes -osteoblast- bone building cell -osteoclast- bone destroying cell
the 2 cells above work together and can reshape bone
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Cross-section of long bone
Haversian system
Osteocytes
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III. Cartilage chondrocytes are cartilage producing cells cartilage is avascular (no blood vessels) there are 3 subcategories of cartilage
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a) hyaline cartilage- shiny and smooth, at the ends of bones (linings of joints)
chondrocytes
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b) Fibrocartilage- strongest and most durable, “shock absorbers” (intervertebral discs, meniscus of the knee joint)
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c) Elastic cartilage- most flexible cartilage (ears, nose, larynx)
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Considered a connective tissue because it is made in the bones
Hematopoiesis- the process of blood production in the red marrow of the bones
has a liquid matrix called plasma
There are 3 main types of blood cells:1) Erythrocytes- red blood cells: carry O2 (some CO2)
2) Leukocytes- white cells: kill invaders3) Thrombocytes- responsible for blood clotting by
producing platelets
IV. Blood
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2. Muscle TissuesAll are responsible for movement-May be voluntary or involuntary-May be striated or non-striated
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Voluntary= may be “willed” to move
Involuntary= not controlled by thought or will
Striated= visible “stripes” on tissue
Non-striated= no visible “stripes
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Striated and voluntary Cells are very long and thin with multiple
nuclei
I. Skeletal muscle
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Non-striated and involuntary Cells are shorter and each with one nucleus
II. Smooth Muscle
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Striated and involuntary Cells connect at dark “disks” and only one
nucleus per cell.
III. Cardiac muscle (heart)
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3. Nerve Tissue
-Rapidly regulate and integrate body activities
-2 basic kinds of cells
1. neurons=conducting cells2. glial cells= support cells
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Soma: main body of cell (nucleus is here) Dendrites: short thin branches that carry signal
towards the soma Axon: long thin “wire” carrying signal away from
the soma Synapse: where neurons connect to transmit
signal
Important parts of a neuron:
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Schwann Cells- wrap around the axon to insulate the “wiring” to speed nerve signal transmision
One Very Important Glial Cell:
- Responsible for the fatty white matter of the nervous system
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4. Epithelial Tissue-Cells are tightly packed into sheets with no “matrix” between cells
-sheets of cells attached to a “basement membrane”
-2 main types:membranousglandular
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Classification is based on shapes and layers:
Membranous Epithelium
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Description of Cell Shapes:Squamous -(flat and scaly)Cuboidal -(cubic)Columnar -(tall narrow column)Pseudostratified columnar -(odd columns, not
all reach the surface)
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Description of Layers:Simple (one layer)Stratified (several layer of same cell type)
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Simple Squamous- VERY thin. Where quick diffusion is necessary
lining of blood vessels, tiny air sacs in lungs, parts of kidney, etc.
Cross-section“flat”
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Stratified Squamous- areas that receive friction
skin, mouth, esophagus
Cross-section
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Cuboidal- lines many ducts and tubules
Cross-section
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Columnar epithelium- may be ciliated with tiny “hairs” (cilia)
Non ciliated- lines gastrointestinal
tract
Ciliated- lines respiratory tract
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Synthesizes and secretes a chemical product
Glandular Epithelium
oEndocrine gland- secrete directly to bloodstream
oExocrine gland- secrete into collecting ducts
oUnicellular gland- single cells called goblet cells that produce mucous