BODY AREA NETWORKSBODY AREA NETWORKSand and

Wireless Medical MonitoringWireless Medical Monitoring

Lessons Learned from Space Technology Development Lessons Learned from Space Technology Development

1st Invitational Workshop onBody Area Network Technology and ApplicationsFuture Directions, Technologies, Standards and ApplicationsJune 19-20, 2011Worcester Polytechnic Institute

in Silicon Valley

JOHN W. HINESJOHN W. HINESChief TechnologistChief TechnologistNASANASA--Ames Research CenterAmes Research Center650650--604604--55385538John.w.hines@nasa.govJohn.w.hines@nasa.gov

Lessons Learned from Space Technology Development Lessons Learned from Space Technology Development

1st Workshop on Body Area Network Technology and Ap plications1st Workshop on Body Area Network Technology and Ap plications20 June, 201120 June, 2011

Visions

ofthe

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lightR

eady?

Does

itWO

RK

?

InfusionOpportunitiesfor NASAMissionDirectorates,Other Govt.Agencies, andIndustry

Idea

Idea

Idea

Idea

NASA’s Space Technology Program -Development Approach

Idea

Idea

Idea

Idea

Idea

Idea

Idea

Idea

PossibleSolution

PossibleSolution

PossibleSolution

PossibleSolution

theF

uture

Ready?

WO

RK

?

Prove feasibility of novel, early-stageideas with potential to revolutionize afuture NASA mission and/or fulfill

Mature crosscutting capabilitiesthat advance multiple future spacemissions to flight readiness status

Idea

Creative ideas regardingfuture NASA systems orsolutions to national needs.

IndustryAcademia

Gov’t

national need.

8

National Innovation StrategyNational Innovation Strategy

NASA Strategic GoalsNASA Strategic Goals

TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION DEFINITION FLOWDOWN

NASA Grand ChallengesNASA Grand Challenges

Space Technology Roadmap(s)Space Technology Roadmap(s)

ARC Tech Areas

ARC Tech Areas

Strategic InitiativesStrategic

Initiatives

IPTs

(Tech WrkgGrps)

IPTs

(Tech WrkgGrps)

Proposals, Projects, Products

Proposals, Projects, Products

NASA’s Space Technology Program

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST www.nasa.gov/octOFFICE OF THE CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST www.nasa.gov/oct 4

Strategic Initiatives

• Transformational Small Spacecraft, Subsystems, and Mission Architectures

• Biological Technologies for Life Beyond Low Earth Orbit

• Low Cost, Off-the-Shelf Space Technologies– (ex: PhoneSat --COTS Sp Tech Utilization

GREEN Technologies (Technologies for

NASANASA--Ames Technology ElementsAmes Technology ElementsDefinition Definition Definition Definition Definition Definition Definition Definition –––––––– Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development ---------------- Infusion Infusion Infusion Infusion Infusion Infusion Infusion Infusion

• GREEN Technologies (Technologies for Sustainability)

• Emerging Aeronautics Systems and Technologies

• Other Recommended Initiatives ?

– Disaster/Homeland Security Disaster/Homeland Security Monitoring, Mitigation, TrainingMonitoring, Mitigation, Training

– Autonomous Laboratories on Planetary Surfaces ?

– Hybrid Systems Modelling and Analysis

– Advanced Information, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems

• Graduates– Synthetic Biology

– PhoneSat

Developing systems to monitor the health and performance of NASA personnel and the functional

status of the systems that support them

Developing systems to monitor the health and performance of NASA personnel and the functional

status of the systems that support them

Biotelemeter implanted in amimals, or ingested by/attached to astronautssenses Body Temperature,Blood Pressure, Blood pH,and Heart Rate.

TriSponderquickly displaysHealth Status.

Physiological Monitoring of Astronauts

PhysiologicalSignal Conditioner(PSC) acquires ECG,EEG, EMG, and EOG (and other bio-parameters of interest.

Laptopmonitors andanalyzesPhysiologicalParameters.

Transponder relays biotelemeter signal to other monitoring devices.

Wireless Sensor Network for Health MonitoringWireless Sensor Network for Health Monitoring

Transceiver Modules

Core Module

Output Module(FHSS Transmitter,Datalogger, Display, etc.)

Battery

MONITORINGDEVICE

Commands

PulseOximeter

TemperatureSensor

Biosensors

Ingestable Sensor

MonitoringDevice

Respiration

WIRELESSSENSORS

(Transducer + Signal Conditioner + Transceiver)

Temp. ECG

Temp.ECG

ECG

Bio

Bio

Bio

Pressure, Core Temp. pH, Calcium, Glucose,...

Pulse Oximeter(Blood Gases)

Data & StatusECGElectrodes

Collaborative Collaborative development development efforts with efforts with UCSF Fetal UCSF Fetal TreatmentTreatmentCenterCenter

Fetal Biotelemetry System

–– Fetal Health Fetal Health Status Monitor Status Monitor

–– pH/temp/HR pH/temp/HR Fetal Fetal Biotelemetry Biotelemetry SystemSystem

–– pH/temp/ECG/prpH/temp/ECG/pressure Fetal essure Fetal Biotelemetry Biotelemetry SystemSystem

Distributed Environmental and Physiological Monitoring

Head Mount Display

Environmental Monitor (MPM)

• Temp.• Pressure• O2• CO2

Physiological Monitor (iPAQ)

• Body Temp.• Blood Pressure• SpO

iPAQ

ECG(QRS)

SpO2(Nonin)

HMD(TBD)

Server (Laptop)

• SpO2• Respiration• Heart Rate / ECG• Activity

iPAQ

Dave WilliamsDemonstration

Space Station / Shuttle Scenario

RF(Proxim)

Server• Data Display• Data Distribution• Data Analysis

USBUSBUSBUSB

BTBTBTBT

BTBTBTBT

BTBTBTBT

BTBTBTBTUSBUSBUSBUSB

USBUSBUSBUSBPAPAPAPA

PAPAPAPA

PAPAPAPA

SSSS

SSSS BTBTBTBT

FHSSFHSSFHSSFHSSSSSS

USBUSB

BTBT

BTBT

BTBT

BTBTUSBUSB

USBUSBPAPA

PAPA

PAPA

SS

SS BTBT

FHSSFHSSSS

PEM

PPM

PCM

PersonalStatus

Monitor(PSM)

Comm

PSMPSMPSMPSMSSSS PAPAPAPAIRIRIRIR

TMRx (RFTMRx (RFDirect)Direct)

TMRx (RFTMRx (RFDirect)Direct)

TM PillTM PillTM PillTM PillUSBUSBUSBUSB

MemMemMemMemAAAA USBUSBUSBUSB BTBTBTBT USBUSBUSBUSBBTBTBTBT

PSMPSMSS PAPAIRIR

TMRx (RFTMRx (RFDirect)Direct)

TM PillTM PillUSBUSB

MemMemAA USBUSB BTBT USBUSBBTBT

PSM: Personal Status MonitorPA: PreAmplifier S: Sensor

BT: BlueTooth USB: Universal Systems BussA: Actuator

TM: Telemetry Transmitter Module FHSS: Freq. Hopping Spread Spectrum

IR: InfraRedMem: Memory TMRx: Telemetry Reveiver

DataManagement

DecisionAssistantController

PSM: Personal Status MonitorPPM: Personal Physiological MonitorPEM: Personal Environmental MonitorPCM: Personal Clinical Monitor

iPAQ SwitchBoard

Laptop Video Server

iPAQ Client

Space Station Intranet

Laptop Client

Access Point

� Various Data Sources supported (Physiological and Environmental Sensors, Video (wired/wireless), GPS)

� Various Client Devices supported (Pocket PCs, HMDs, Laptops, PCs)

� Local ad-hoc Networking using iPAQ-SwitchBoard or Laptop-SwitchBoard

� Ad-hoc Network can be connected to Intranet as soon as Access Point is in range, as well as Internet

Optional link to Intranet

Wireless LAN(RL2, 802.11b,

Bluetooth)

Prior System: Smart Health

Care Management System

(SHMS)

iPAQ Client with ECG/Resp. Monitor

iPAQ Client with Pulse Oximeter

iPAQ Clientwith HMD

JSC Intranet

Downlink(S-Band or Ku-Band)

Stanford University,NASA Ames, .

Video Server

Wireless Video Server

Access Point

iPAQ Client

ClientInternet

range, as well as Internet� Compatible with most Wireless LAN

Technologies (RangeLAN2, 802.11b, Bluetooth)

� Low Bandwidth Requirement (128-kbps S-Band compatible)

� Modular, Flexible, Reliable, and Secure

GPS-iPAQ

Environmental Monitor

LifeGuard Monitoring System - Overview

LIFEGUARD

Nonin Pulse Oximeter (SpO2)

Nexan ECG/Repsiration SensorPhysiological Logger with Streaming Capabilities (CPOD)

Nexan Sensor

BP Cuff

BP

Accutracker II Blood Pressure Monitor (flight qualified)

Base Station

orBase StationCPOD logs data.

Download via RS-232 or wireless:

Nonin SpO2

Monitor

CPOD Data Logger

Non-NASA Application of SHMS: Homeland Security and Defense

NASA DARTParticipation

Testing, testing, and more testing

Test, Applications, and Integration

INMARSATSATELLITE

ARC Wireless Technology for SpaceARC Wireless Technology for SpaceDiscovery and Systems HealthDiscovery and Systems Health Technical AreaTechnical Area

SENSORS/ MEASUREMENTS

Headband EEG and Oximetry

Acoustic(Voice Stress and Content Analysis)

Dead Reckoning Module(3-Axis Accelerometer, GPS,

Magnetometer, Altimeter)

3

2

1

Predict

Significant

PHYSIOLOGICALCONSEQUENCES OF CONCERN

Hypothermia

Hyperthermia

Hypoxia

Metabolic Fatigue

Vigilance Lapses

“Tool Kit” to Understand Warfighter Physiology

CURRENT

2

1

4

3

Warfighter Physiological Status MonitoringWarfighter Physiological Status Monitoring

Magnetometer, Altimeter)

EKG, EMG, andThoracic Impedance Cardiography

Body Core and Skin Temperature

Near-Infrared (or Other) Technology*Tissue pH, Glucose, and Lactate

Wrist-Worn Actigraph

Boot-to-Boot Impedance*

Foot Contact (Weight/Locomotion)

Wireless Inter-Module Communication

9

8

7

6

5

4

10

Performance

Degradation

and

Impending

Casualty

Vigilance Lapses

Dehydration

Psychological Stress

Inadequate Restorative Sleep

Desynchronization ofCircadian Functions

Jolt, Blast, and RepeatedImpact Exposure

Toxic Substance Exposure

Specifications for Minimal Sensor Setto Predict Warfighter Physiology

FUTURE

* Concept

5

6

9

8

10

8

7

SENSORS/ MEASUREMENTS

Headband EEG and Oximetry

Acoustic(Voice Stress and Content Analysis)

Dead Reckoning Module(3-Axis Accelerometer, GPS,

Magnetometer, Altimeter)

3

2

1

Predict

Significant

PHYSIOLOGICALCONSEQUENCES OF CONCERN

Hypothermia

Hyperthermia

Hypoxia

Metabolic Fatigue

Vigilance Lapses

“Tool Kit” to Understand Warfighter Physiology

CURRENT

2

1

4

3

NASA NASA –– DHS DHS –– First Responder PSMFirst Responder PSM

Magnetometer, Altimeter)

EKG, EMG, andThoracic Impedance Cardiography

Body Core and Skin Temperature

Near-Infrared (or Other) Technology*Tissue pH, Glucose, and Lactate

Wrist-Worn Actigraph

Boot-to-Boot Impedance*

Foot Contact (Weight/Locomotion)

Wireless Inter-Module Communication

9

8

7

6

5

4

10

Performance

Degradation

and

Impending

Casualty

Vigilance Lapses

Dehydration

Psychological Stress

Inadequate Restorative Sleep

Desynchronization ofCircadian Functions

Jolt, Blast, and RepeatedImpact Exposure

Toxic Substance Exposure

Specifications for Minimal Sensor Setto Predict Warfighter Physiology

FUTURE

* Concept

5

6

9

8

10

8

7

EVA and IVA Physiological Monitoring• Keep crew safe, healthy, and performing optimally• Prevent, recognize, diagnose, and treat illness and injury

� IVA – medical exams, exercise, research, fitness evaluations

• Keep crew safe, healthy, and performing optimally• Prevent, recognize, diagnose, and treat illness and injury

� IVA – medical exams, exercise, research, fitness evaluations

Current HSIR requirementsTABLE 3.10.5.1-1 - MEASUREMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Suit Parameter

Unpressurized an d Ventilation Pressure Operations

Pressurized Operations

Lunar Surface Operations

Breathing gas flow rate (real-time) X X X

ppO2 X X Oxygen consumption rate (real-time)

X

Suit pressure (real-time) X X

ppCO2 (real-time) X X

Requirements (Medical Operations)

Monitoring ECG Minimum of 2

independent

channels for up to

48-hours

Diagnostic ECG 12-lead for both

10-30 second

"snapshot" mode,

and 10-minute

"full disclosure”

mode

Requirements (Research)

Holter

Monitor/ECG

Minimum of 2

independent

channels for up

to 48-hours

Diagnostic ECG 12-lead ECG for a

minimum of 10

sequential

minutes that

employs 8

independent

channels (using a

standard 10-

EVA and IVA Physiological Monitoring Requirements

Consumables (power, oxygen, water, etc., real-time)

X X X

Thermal loading to each EVA crewmember (calculated)

X

Heart rate (real-time) X X

Metabolic Rate (calculated) X

Radiation Exposure Data X Notes:

For suited operations, measure the parameters in gray on an individual suit basis. For a single gas environment, ppO2 and total suit pressure are identical values and do not require separate sensors. Otherwise

Heart Rate 0-250 beats per

minute

Respiratory Rate 0-150 breaths per

minute

Body Temperature 84.0 °F to 108.0

°F

Blood Pressure Systolic 60-250

mmHg

Diastolic 30-160

mmHg

Blood Oxygen

Saturation

70-100%

standard 10-

electrode

configuration)

Cardiac Output Continuous

cardiac output for

up to 24 hours

Continuous Blood

Pressure

Continuous Blood

Pressure for up to

24 hours

Body

Temperature

84.0 °F to 108.0

°F

The Challenges• Maximize the comfort, ease of use,

reliability, and accuracy

• Minimize the equipment's mass, volume, power, and time for set-up and use

Apollo Sensors

Shuttle Sensors

EVA HR Monitoring

Requirements

Space Station

Hardware

Market Survey/Lessons Learned

• Many systems rely on perspiration/moisture • Nearby EMI can totally disrupt biomedical signals • Not all systems have local display, ensure data is actually recording • Have no buttons on the device that can be accidentally toggled • The sensor is only the front end - many other factors contribute to final

signal quality • Motion art ifact remains one of key problems • Motion art ifact remains one of key problems • Wireless an option - but many technical issues remain • Some devices need attention to keeping them in place on the body • Three considerations for sensor contact to skin • Placement of sensors sometimes key • Pick a financially viable company • Get agreement on the definition of easy to don/doff

Future Space Medicine Health Care

• Portability and application of nano-technology

• Minimally/non-invasive, efficient diagnostic systems capable of detecting abnormal human function abnormal human function across all body systems

• Health care approaches capable of therapeutic intervention for a wide range of pathological and trauma scenarios

••hard to usehard to use••don/doffdon/doff••attachment/motion artifactattachment/motion artifact••reliabilityreliability••communicationscommunications••PowerPower--data interfacesdata interfaces

BAN / Wireless monitoring systemsproblems for acceptance

••PowerPower--data interfacesdata interfaces••datadata--infoinfo--decisiondecision••adad--hoc networkhoc network••acceptanceacceptance•• costcost

••Sensing technologies and miniaturization is Sensing technologies and miniaturization is NOT the most critical issueNOT the most critical issue

ConclusionContinue to improve the human to biomedical sensor interface

1st Workshop on Body Area Network Technology1st Workshop on Body Area Network Technologyand Applicationsand Applications

Thank You!Thank You!JOHN W. HINESJOHN W. HINES

650650--604604--55385538John.w.hines@nasa.govJohn.w.hines@nasa.gov