Bockel EX ACT Training nov 12 2014

Training for

Conducting Carbon Balance Appraisals of AFOLU projects and policies

FAO-CCAFS International Workshop

Reducing the costs of GHG estimates in Agriculture 12 November 2014

EX-ACT TEAM: LOUIS BOCKEL, MARTIAL BERNOUX, UWE GREWER, LAURE SOPHIE SCHIETTECATTE,

ECONOMICS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS (ESAS)

I. Agenda and Objectives

ECONOMICS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS (ESAS) AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIVISION (ESA)

The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact

By the end of the training, participants will have used the EX-ACT tool and will be able to:

• Explain the concept of a carbon balance

• Apply the EX-ACT tool for a simple application

• Analyze and utilize EX-ACT results

Training Objectives


An Excel-based calculator, used to:

• Quantify the amount of GHG released or sequestered from agricultural activities

• Assist in identifying practices with beneficial impacts

What is EX-ACT?


• Technical development of the EX-ACT tool

• Conduct GHG appraisals and economic analysis of development projects & agricultural policies

• Disseminate and provide training on the EX-ACT tool in the context of Climate-Smart Agriculture

Role of EX-ACT team


9.00-10.30

• Opening (15 mn)

• Presentation of EX-Act Carbon balance Tool and some applications (35 mn)

• Hands-on application of EX-ACT (40 mn) o Entering data in EX-ACT

o Practical exercise: Forest reserve in Brazil

o Practical exercise: Indonesia Palm oil plantation

Training Overview

II. World Bank and IFI’s: Towards a harmonized approach to project level GHG accounting



• IFI engaged o World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Bank for

Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), European Investment Bank (EIB), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Agence Française de développement (AfD), …

• Screening o IFIs shall screen each proposed direct investment project for likely

significant GHG emissions. o IFIs will undertake GHG accounting for all direct investments

consistent with the screening criteria.

• Methodology o IFIs shall undertake the GHG accounting of a project based on

established methodologies for ex-ante GHG accounting

International Financial Institution Framework for a Harmonised Approach to GHG Accounting


• Net emissions compared to baseline scenario o Reference scenario may be either a “without project”

scenario or an “alternative scenario”

• Reporting o At a minimum, each IFI shall report annually on the

aggregate net GHG emissions for screened mitigation projects, estimated to arise from the previous year’s approved or signed investments

Harmonised Approach to GHG Accounting

III. Climate change, GHG Appraisal and Climate-Smart

Agriculture (CSA)


AGRICULTURE’S CONTRIBUTION TO GHG EMISSIONS

CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE: MAIN CONCEPTS AND IMPACTS


Main mitigation options 70 % of agriculture mitigation potential In developing countries

CO2

rate of deforestation and forest degradation,

adoption of improved cropland management

practices (reduced tillage, integrated nutrient and

water management)

CH4, N2O

RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY

improved animal production and management of livestock

waste,

more efficient management of irrigation water on rice paddies,

improved nutrient management

Sequestering carbon

conservation farming practices, improved forest

management practices, afforestation and

reforestation, agro-forestry, improved grasslands

management, restoration of degraded land

Mitigation possible through changes in agricultural technologies and management practices

-1,2 t eq-CO2/ha/year -18,8 t eq-CO2/ha/year -42,7 t eq-CO2/ha/year

1 ha of avoided deforestation

from tropical rain forest to degraded lands

1 ha plantation, degraded land to tropical

rain plantation

1 ha grasslands from severely degraded to improved grasslands

-1,7 à -3,8 t eq-CO2/ha/year

1 ha from degraded land to annual crops

The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool EX-ACT Training, World Bank 2014 www.fao.org/tc/exact

Concepts: Mitigation & Adaptation

Mitigation Adaptation

I attack the problem

I act in response to the impacts of the problem Strategies can and should be

implemented jointly

Decrease GHG

sources

Increase sinks

of GHG

Risk management

Strenghtening

institutions

Trainings

Investments in rural economy

Decrease sources Increase sinks


Main differences between adaptation and mitigation

Longer-term

effect

Shorter-term

effect

Especially motivated

with countries less

vulnerable to CC

Especially focussed on

vulnerable countries

Global

Local

Effects of climate

change

Causes of climate

change

Mitigation

Objectives Spatial scale

Time scale Equity

Adaptation

Same final common target: Sustainable development


Links between Adaptation and Mitigation

Agriculture Adaptation

Targets

Agriculture Mitigation

Targets

Enriched carbon in

soils

rehabilitated land in

watersheds

Reduce flood recurrence

and improve resilience

to natural disasters

Diversify rural income and

strengthen economic

resilience

Increase protection against

disaster (Disaster risk

management, insurance)

reforested areas

improved pasture

management

Reduced deforestation

and slash and burn

practices

L&W

conservation

measures

Community

oriented public

works

Land use

management

Reduced CH4

emissions

Adequate

irrigation

Double target

activities

PES to

farmers

Cropping systems

resilient to drought and

water stress


From farm-based to comprehensivedevelopment concepts

Conservation agriculture

Sustainable land management

Agroecology

Organic farming

Macro

Micro

Farmingtechnics

Area - basedmanagement

Multi-functionplanning and policies

Climate smart agriculture

Valuechain

CSA among other concepts of `green‘ agriculture

CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE: MAIN CONCEPTS AND IMPACTS

EX-ACT TEAM: LOUIS BOCKEL (FAO): [email protected]

MARTIAL BERNOUX (IRD): [email protected]

UWE GREWER (FAO): [email protected]

WWW.FAO.ORG/TC/EXACT

EMAIL: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




http://www.fao.org/tc/exact

Bockel EX ACT Training nov 12 2014

Science

Transcript of Bockel EX ACT Training nov 12 2014