BOAT CREW Seamanship ManualCOMDTINST M16114.5C

Train, Maintain, Operate

Commandant United States Coast Guard

2100 Second Street, S.W. Washington, DC 20593-0001 Staff Symbol: G-OCS Phone: (202) 267-2868

COMDTINST M16114.5C SEP 16 2003 COMMANDANT INSTRUCTION M16114.5C Subj: BOAT CREW SEAMANSHIP MANUAL

1. PURPOSE. The Boat Crew Seamanship Manual presents the approved methods and procedures for the conduct of Coast Guard boat operations. The Coast Guard Auxiliary, for the conduct of vessel facility operations, also uses this Manual. 2. ACTION. Area and district commanders, commanders of maintenance and logistics commands, commanding officers of headquarters units, and assistant commandants for directorates, Chief Counsel, special staff offices at Headquarters, group commanders, boat unit commanding officers and officers-in-charge shall ensure the contents of this Manual are utilized in all boat operations where applicable. Internet release authorized. 3. DIRECTIVES AFFECTED. The Boat Crew Seamanship Manual, COMDTINST M16114.5B is canceled. 4. DISCUSSION. a. This update incorporates and standardizes the current best practices employed within the Coast Guard boat operations community. It is intended to be the primary reference for the Boat Crew Training Program and shore based boat operations and seamanship training. b. This text represents a major revision of the previous Boat Crew Seamanship Manual last released in February 1998. The format has been changed to present information in a more readable style while at the same time reducing the overall size of the Manual. 5. PROCEDURES. The standard methods and procedures presented in this Manual apply to all boat operations, crew training and certification. a. Commanding Officers/Officers-in-Charge shall ensure that personnel tasked with boat crew responsibilities are trained in all methods and procedures in this Manual.

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COMDTINST M16114.5C b. Units that conduct boat operations or provide oversight of the operations shall use the information, processes and procedures set forth in this Manual as a standard when conducting evaluations of boat crew performance. c. Training facilities and traveling training teams conducting boat operations training shall use this Manual as the primary reference text for all training objectives and lesson plans. 6. CHANGES. This Manual is under continual review and will be updated as necessary. Recommendations for improvement or corrections are eagerly sought from all users. It is of critical importance that the most current and safest procedures be reflected within this text. All recommendations should be forwarded to the Office of Boat Forces (G-OCS), Coast Guard Headquarters. 7. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT and IMPACT CONSIDERATIONS. Environmental considerations were examined in the development of this Manual and have been determined to be not applicable. 8. FORMS/REPORTS. None.

D. S. BELZ /s/ Assistant Commandant for Operations

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Boat Crew Seamanship Manual

Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................... XXXVII References ................................................................................................................................................................... xxxvii Warnings, Cautions, Notes, and Memory Aids ........................................................................................................... xxxvii Generalization ............................................................................................................................................................. xxxvii CHAPTER 1 BOAT CREW DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................................. 1-1 Section A. The Boat Crew................................................................................................................................................ 1-2 A.1. Determining Crew Size............................................................................................................................................ 1-2 A.2. Minimum Crew Size................................................................................................................................................ 1-2 A.3. Qualification and Certification ................................................................................................................................ 1-2 A.4. The Auxiliary........................................................................................................................................................... 1-2 Section B. Boat Crew Duties ........................................................................................................................................... 1-3 Trainee .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-4 B.1. Description............................................................................................................................................................... 1-4 B.2. Knowledge and Performance Skills ......................................................................................................................... 1-4 Boat Crew Member............................................................................................................................................................... 1-4 B.3. Description............................................................................................................................................................... 1-4 B.4. Knowledge and Performance Skills ......................................................................................................................... 1-4 Engineer................................................................................................................................................................................ 1-5 B.5. Description............................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 B.6. Knowledge and Performance Skills ......................................................................................................................... 1-5 Coxswain .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-5 B.7. Description............................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 B.8. Knowledge and Performance Skills ......................................................................................................................... 1-6 Surfman ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1-6 B.9. Description............................................................................................................................................................... 1-6 B.10. Knowledge and Performance Skills ....................................................................................................................... 1-6 Section C. Watchstanding Responsibilities .................................................................................................................... 1-7 Lookout Watch ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-7 C.1. Description............................................................................................................................................................... 1-7 C.2. Assign and Station ................................................................................................................................................... 1-7 C.3. Guidelines ................................................................................................................................................................ 1-8 C.4. Lookout Positioning................................................................................................................................................. 1-8 C.5. Lookout Equipment ................................................................................................................................................. 1-9 C.6. Object Identification ................................................................................................................................................ 1-9 C.7. Relative Bearing ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-9 C.8. Position Angle........................................................................................................................................................ 1-11 C.9. Distance ................................................................................................................................................................. 1-12 C.10. Making Reports.................................................................................................................................................... 1-12 C.11. Scanning .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-13 Night Lookout Watch ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-13 C.12. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 1-13 C.13. Guidelines ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-13 C.14. Dark Adaptation................................................................................................................................................... 1-14 C.15. Night Scanning .................................................................................................................................................... 1-14 C.16. Night Fog ............................................................................................................................................................. 1-14 Helm Watch ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1-14 C.17. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 1-14 C.18. Guidelines ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-14 Towing Watch..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-15 C.19. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 1-15 C.20. Guidelines ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-15 C.21. Observed Danger ................................................................................................................................................. 1-15 C.22. Maintaining Watch............................................................................................................................................... 1-15 Anchor Watch ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-15 C.23. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 1-15 C.24. Guidelines ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-16 C.25. Checking for Chafing........................................................................................................................................... 1-16

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C.26. Checking for Dragging......................................................................................................................................... 1-16 C.27. Checking Position ................................................................................................................................................ 1-16 CHAPTER 2 AUXILIARY OPERATIONAL MISSIONS/PATROLS ........................................................................................................ 2-1 Section A. Safety Patrols.................................................................................................................................................. 2-2 Benefits of Safety Patrols...................................................................................................................................................... 2-2 A.1. Description .............................................................................................................................................................. 2-2 Auxiliary Safety Patrol Boat Duties...................................................................................................................................... 2-2 A.2. Description .............................................................................................................................................................. 2-2 A.3. Coxswains Responsibility ...................................................................................................................................... 2-3 A.4. Reporting Responsibility ......................................................................................................................................... 2-3 A.5. Patrolling ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-3 A.6. Patrolling During Heavy Weather............................................................................................................................ 2-3 A.7. Assistance ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-4 A.8. Assisting Other Patrols ............................................................................................................................................ 2-4 A.9. Permission to Secure................................................................................................................................................ 2-4 Section B. Regatta Patrols and Marine Parades............................................................................................................ 2-4 Patrolling Regattas ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-5 B.1. Functions of a Regatta Patrol ................................................................................................................................... 2-5 B.2. Selecting the Patrol Commander.............................................................................................................................. 2-5 B.3. Designating an Auxiliary Boat Commander ............................................................................................................ 2-5 B.4. Establishing Sectors ................................................................................................................................................. 2-5 B.5. Grid System ............................................................................................................................................................. 2-6 B.6. Patrolling Various Regattas...................................................................................................................................... 2-6 Patrol Boat Assignments....................................................................................................................................................... 2-8 B.7. Examining the Course.............................................................................................................................................. 2-8 B.8. Using Patrol Boats ................................................................................................................................................... 2-8 B.9. Displaying Boat Ensigns.......................................................................................................................................... 2-9 B.10. Patrol Boat ............................................................................................................................................................. 2-9 B.11. Closing a Section ................................................................................................................................................... 2-9 B.12. Anchoring Spectator Boats .................................................................................................................................... 2-9 B.13. Spectator Boats ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-9 B.14. Assisting in a Casualty......................................................................................................................................... 2-10 B.15. Securing a Regatta Patrol..................................................................................................................................... 2-10 Marine Parades ................................................................................................................................................................... 2-13 Section C. Aids to Navigation Patrols........................................................................................................................... 2-13 C.1. Reporting AtoN Discrepancies .............................................................................................................................. 2-13 Section D. Chart Updating Patrols ............................................................................................................................... 2-14 D.1. Discrepancies......................................................................................................................................................... 2-15 Section E. Disaster Patrols ............................................................................................................................................ 2-15 E.1. Role of Boat Crew.................................................................................................................................................. 2-15 E.2. Role of Coast Guard............................................................................................................................................... 2-15 Section F. Port Security and Maritime Pollution ........................................................................................................ 2-15 F.1. Security Zone Patrol............................................................................................................................................... 2-15 F.2. Pollution Patrol....................................................................................................................................................... 2-16 F.3. Safety and Security Patrol ...................................................................................................................................... 2-16 Section G. Law Enforcement (Prohibitions/Assistance) Policy .................................................................................. 2-16 G.1. Coast Guard Boarding from Auxiliary Facility...................................................................................................... 2-17 G.2. Auxiliarist Translators ........................................................................................................................................... 2-17 G.3. Prohibitions............................................................................................................................................................ 2-17 CHAPTER 3 CREW EFFICIENCY FACTORS ..................................................................................................................................... 3-1 Section A. Physical Fitness Standards ............................................................................................................................ 3-2 A.1. Arm and Shoulder Strength ..................................................................................................................................... 3-3 A.2. Abdominal and Trunk Strength ............................................................................................................................... 3-3 A.3. Flexibility ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-4 A.4. Endurance ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-4 A.5. Annual Assessment.................................................................................................................................................. 3-5 Section B. Crew Fatigue .................................................................................................................................................. 3-5 B.1. Fatigue ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3-5 B.2. Crew Responsibility................................................................................................................................................. 3-5 B.3. Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-6

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B.4. Prevention ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-6 Section C. Motion Sickness.............................................................................................................................................. 3-6 C.1. Causes of Motion Sickness ...................................................................................................................................... 3-6 C.2. Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-7 C.3. Prevention / Medication ........................................................................................................................................... 3-7 C.4. Medication Restrictions ........................................................................................................................................... 3-7 Section D. Lethal Fumes .................................................................................................................................................. 3-7 D.1. Conditions Where CO may be Present .................................................................................................................... 3-7 D.2. Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-8 D.3. Prevention................................................................................................................................................................ 3-8 D.4. Response to Victims ................................................................................................................................................ 3-9 Section E. Noise ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-9 E.1. Noise as a Fatigue Factor ......................................................................................................................................... 3-9 E.2. Noise Management................................................................................................................................................... 3-9 Section F. Drugs and Alcohol........................................................................................................................................ 3-10 F.1. Prescription Drugs.................................................................................................................................................. 3-10 F.2. Alcohol................................................................................................................................................................... 3-10 F.3. Tobacco .................................................................................................................................................................. 3-10 F.4. Caffeine .................................................................................................................................................................. 3-10 Section G. Cold-Related Factors ................................................................................................................................... 3-11 Effects of Cold Weather...................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 G.1. Operating in a Cold Climate .................................................................................................................................. 3-11 G.2. Wind ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 G.3. Crew Fatigue.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 Hypothermia ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 G.4. Body Temperature ................................................................................................................................................. 3-11 G.5. Symptoms .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-12 G.6. Prevention.............................................................................................................................................................. 3-12 G.7. Waivers for Wearing PPE...................................................................................................................................... 3-12 G.8. Treatment............................................................................................................................................................... 3-12 Frostbite .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3-13 G.9. Development Factors ............................................................................................................................................. 3-13 G.10. Symptoms ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-13 G.11. Prevention............................................................................................................................................................ 3-13 Layering Clothing ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-13 G.12. First Layer - Wicking........................................................................................................................................... 3-13 G.13. Second Layer - Insulation .................................................................................................................................... 3-13 G.14. Third Layer - Moisture Barrier ............................................................................................................................ 3-13 G.15. Extremities........................................................................................................................................................... 3-14 Section H. Sun and Heat-Related Factors .................................................................................................................... 3-14 Sunburn............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-14 H.1. Description ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-14 H.2. Symptoms .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-14 H.3. Prevention.............................................................................................................................................................. 3-15 H.4. Treatment............................................................................................................................................................... 3-15 Dehydration ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3-15 H.5. Description ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-15 H.6. Symptoms .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-15 H.7. Prevention.............................................................................................................................................................. 3-16 H.8. Treatment............................................................................................................................................................... 3-16 Heat Rash (Prickly Heat) .................................................................................................................................................... 3-16 H.9. Description ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-16 H.10. Symptoms ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-16 H.11. Prevention............................................................................................................................................................ 3-16 H.12. Treatment............................................................................................................................................................. 3-16 Heat Cramps ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3-16 H.13. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 3-16 H.14. Symptoms ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-16 H.15. Prevention............................................................................................................................................................ 3-17 H.16. Treatment............................................................................................................................................................. 3-17

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Heat Exhaustion.................................................................................................................................................................. 3-17 H.17. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 3-17 H.18. Symptoms ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-17 H.19. Prevention............................................................................................................................................................ 3-17 H.20. Treatment............................................................................................................................................................. 3-17 Heat Stroke ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3-17 H.21. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 3-17 H.22. Symptoms ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-17 H.23. Prevention............................................................................................................................................................ 3-17 H.24. Treatment............................................................................................................................................................. 3-18 Susceptibility to Heat Problems .......................................................................................................................................... 3-18 H.25. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 3-18 H.26. Clothing and Equipment ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18 H.27. Fever .................................................................................................................................................................... 3-18 H.28. Fatigue ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-18 H.29. Prior Heat Illnesses .............................................................................................................................................. 3-18 CHAPTER 4 TEAM COORDINATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................... 4-1 Section A. Team Coordination ........................................................................................................................................ 4-2 A.1. Members of the Team .............................................................................................................................................. 4-2 A.2. Coxswain ................................................................................................................................................................. 4-2 A.3. Team Coordination Skills ........................................................................................................................................ 4-2 Section B. Team Coordination Standards...................................................................................................................... 4-3 Leadership Standard.............................................................................................................................................................. 4-4 B.1. Boat Crew Responsibilities...................................................................................................................................... 4-4 B.2. Coxswain Responsibilities ....................................................................................................................................... 4-4 Mission Analysis Standard.................................................................................................................................................... 4-5 B.3. Boat Crew Responsibilities...................................................................................................................................... 4-5 B.4. Coxswain Responsibilities ....................................................................................................................................... 4-5 Adaptability and Flexibility Standard ................................................................................................................................... 4-6 B.5. Boat Crew Responsibilities...................................................................................................................................... 4-6 B.6. Coxswain Responsibilities ....................................................................................................................................... 4-6 Situation Awareness Standard............................................................................................................................................... 4-6 B.7. Boat Crew Responsibilities...................................................................................................................................... 4-6 B.8. Coxswain Responsibilities ....................................................................................................................................... 4-7 Decision-Making Standard ................................................................................................................................................... 4-7 B.9. Boat Crew Responsibilities...................................................................................................................................... 4-7 B.10. Coxswain Responsibilities ..................................................................................................................................... 4-7 Communication Standard...................................................................................................................................................... 4-7 B.11. Boat Crew Responsibilities .................................................................................................................................... 4-7 B.12. Coxswain Responsibilities ..................................................................................................................................... 4-8 Assertiveness Standard ......................................................................................................................................................... 4-8 B.13. Boat Crew Responsibilities .................................................................................................................................... 4-8 B.14. Coxswain Responsibilities ..................................................................................................................................... 4-8 Section C. Risk Management Process............................................................................................................................. 4-9 C.1. Four Rules of Risk Management.............................................................................................................................. 4-9 C.2. Risk Management Process ..................................................................................................................................... 4-10 Section D. Informal Crew Briefing and Debriefing..................................................................................................... 4-13 D.1. Informal Crew Briefing ......................................................................................................................................... 4-13 D.2. Informal Crew Debriefing ..................................................................................................................................... 4-14 CHAPTER 5 FIRST AID ................................................................................................................................................................... 5-1 Section A. Crewmembers Roles ..................................................................................................................................... 5-2 A.1. Responsibilities........................................................................................................................................................ 5-2 A.2. Handling and Transporting of Injured ..................................................................................................................... 5-3 Section B. Treatment for Shock ...................................................................................................................................... 5-4 Shock Syndrome ................................................................................................................................................................... 5-4 B.1. Description............................................................................................................................................................... 5-4 B.2. Causes...................................................................................................................................................................... 5-5 B.3. Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................ 5-5 B.4. Assessment .............................................................................................................................................................. 5-6 B.5. Treatment................................................................................................................................................................. 5-6

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Anaphylactic Shock .............................................................................................................................................................. 5-7 B.6. Description............................................................................................................................................................... 5-7 B.7. Causes...................................................................................................................................................................... 5-7 B.8. Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................ 5-7 B.9. Assessment .............................................................................................................................................................. 5-8 B.10. Treatment ............................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 Section C. Resuscitation Methods and Emergencies ..................................................................................................... 5-9 Resuscitation Procedures ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-9 C.1. Description............................................................................................................................................................... 5-9 C.2. Artificial Respiration ............................................................................................................................................... 5-9 C.3. Cardiac Compression ............................................................................................................................................... 5-9 C.4. CPR........................................................................................................................................................................ 5-10 Heart Attack........................................................................................................................................................................ 5-11 C.5. Description............................................................................................................................................................. 5-11 C.6. Symptoms .............................................................................................................................................................. 5-11 C.7. Treatment............................................................................................................................................................... 5-12 Stroke.................................................................................................................................................................................. 5-12 C.8. Description............................................................................................................................................................. 5-12 C.9. Symptoms .............................................................................................................................................................. 5-12 C.10. Treatment ............................................................................................................................................................. 5-12 Scuba Incidents ................................................................................................................................................................... 5-12 C.11. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 5-12 C.12. Coast Guard Action.............................................................................................................................................. 5-13 C.13. Types of Scuba Incidents ..................................................................................................................................... 5-13 C.14. Treating Scuba Incidents...................................................................................................................................... 5-13 C.15. Equipment Availability ........................................................................................................................................ 5-14 Section D. Treatment for Wounds, Fractures, and Burns .......................................................................................... 5-15 Bandages............................................................................................................................................................................. 5-15 D.1. Types of Bandages................................................................................................................................................. 5-15 D.2. Bandage Application ............................................................................................................................................. 5-16 D.3. Circulation ............................................................................................................................................................. 5-16 Bleeding.............................................................................................................................................................................. 5-16 D.4. Types of Bleeding.................................................................................................................................................. 5-16 D.5. Prevention of Bloodborne Pathogens..................................................................................................................... 5-16 D.6. Universal Medical Precaution................................................................................................................................ 5-16 D.7. Control of Bleeding ............................................................................................................................................... 5-17 D.8. Treatment............................................................................................................................................................... 5-21 Fractures (Broken Bones) ................................................................................................................................................... 5-22 D.9. Types of Fractures ................................................................................................................................................. 5-22 D.10. Symptoms ............................................................................................................................................................ 5-22 D.11. Handling a Fracture ............................................................................................................................................. 5-23 D.12. Treatment of Specific Bones................................................................................................................................ 5-23 Burns................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-30 D.13. Causes of Burns ................................................................................................................................................... 5-30 D.14. Burn Classification .............................................................................................................................................. 5-31 D.15. Burn First Aid...................................................................................................................................................... 5-32 D.16. Chemical Burns ................................................................................................................................................... 5-33 Section E. Environmental Injuries ............................................................................................................................... 5-33 Emergencies Caused by Heat.............................................................................................................................................. 5-33 E.1. Exposure to Heat .................................................................................................................................................... 5-33 E.2. Heat Cramps........................................................................................................................................................... 5-33 E.3. Heat Exhaustion ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-34 E.4. Heat Stroke............................................................................................................................................................. 5-34 Emergencies Caused by Cold ............................................................................................................................................. 5-35 E.5. Exposure to Cold.................................................................................................................................................... 5-35 E.6. Treatment ............................................................................................................................................................... 5-37 Hypothermia ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5-37 E.7. Loss of Body Heat.................................................................................................................................................. 5-37 E.8. Survivability........................................................................................................................................................... 5-37 E.9. Symptoms .............................................................................................................................................................. 5-38 E.10. Rescue Precautions............................................................................................................................................... 5-39

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E.11. Basic Treatment ................................................................................................................................................... 5-40 E.12. Advanced Treatment ............................................................................................................................................ 5-40 Near-Drowning ................................................................................................................................................................... 5-41 E.13. Mammalian Diving Reflex................................................................................................................................... 5-41 E.14. Treatment ............................................................................................................................................................. 5-42 Fish Bites and Stings........................................................................................................................................................... 5-42 E.15. Types of Bites and Stings..................................................................................................................................... 5-42 E.16. Effects and Treatment .......................................................................................................................................... 5-43 Section F. Miscellaneous Emergencies ......................................................................................................................... 5-44 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning .............................................................................................................................................. 5-45 F.1. Description ............................................................................................................................................................. 5-45 F.2. Signs and Symptoms .............................................................................................................................................. 5-45 F.3. Treatment ............................................................................................................................................................... 5-45 Poisoning by Mouth............................................................................................................................................................ 5-45 F.4. Description ............................................................................................................................................................. 5-45 F.5. Seeking Advice ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-45 F.6. Medical Assistance Not Available.......................................................................................................................... 5-45 F.7. Treatment ............................................................................................................................................................... 5-46 Eye Injuries......................................................................................................................................................................... 5-46 F.8. Description ............................................................................................................................................................. 5-46 F.9. Blindness ................................................................................................................................................................ 5-46 F.10. Types of Eye Injuries ........................................................................................................................................... 5-46 F.11. Symptoms and Treatments ................................................................................................................................... 5-47 CHAPTER 6 SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT AND PYROTECHNICS ............................................................................................................. 6-1 Section A. Personal Flotation Device (PFD)................................................................................................................... 6-2 Type I PFD ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6-2 A.1. Description .............................................................................................................................................................. 6-2 A.2. Advantages .............................................................................................................................................................. 6-2 A.3. Disadvantages.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-3 A.4. Donning ................................................................................................................................................................... 6-3 A.5. Entering the Water................................................................................................................................................... 6-3 Type II PFD .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6-4 A.6. Description .............................................................................................................................................................. 6-4 A.7. Advantages .............................................................................................................................................................. 6-4 A.8. Disadvantages.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-4 A.9. Donning ................................................................................................................................................................... 6-4 A.10. Entering the Water................................................................................................................................................. 6-4 Type III PFD......................................................................................................................................................................... 6-4 A.11. Description............................................................................................................................................................. 6-4 A.12. Dynamic Strength-Tested Type III PFDs ................................................................................................................ 6-5 A.13. Advantages ............................................................................................................................................................ 6-5 A.14. Disadvantages........................................................................................................................................................ 6-5 A.15. Donning ................................................................................................................................................................. 6-6 Type IV PFD......................................................................................................................................................................... 6-6 A.16. Description............................................................................................................................................................. 6-6 A.17. Advantages ............................................................................................................................................................ 6-6 A.18. Disadvantages........................................................................................................................................................ 6-6 Type V PFD.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6-7 A.19. Description............................................................................................................................................................. 6-7 A.20. Hypothermia Protection......................................................................................................................................... 6-7 A.21. Inflatable PFDs ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-7 A.22. Advantages ............................................................................................................................................................ 6-7 A.23. Disadvantages........................................................................................................................................................ 6-7 A.24. Donning ................................................................................................................................................................. 6-7 PFD Storage and Care........................................................................................................................................................... 6-7 A.25. Description............................................................................................................................................................. 6-7 A.26. Storage................................................................................................................................................................... 6-7 A.27. Care ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6-8 PFD Survival Equipment ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-8 A.28. Description............................................................................................................................................................. 6-8

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A.29. Standard Outfitting ................................................................................................................................................ 6-8 A.30. Personnel Marker Light (PML) ............................................................................................................................. 6-8 A.31. Retroreflective Material....................................................................................................................................... 6-10 Standard Navy Preserver..................................................................................................................................................... 6-10 A.32. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 6-10 Section B. Hypothermia Protective Clothing ............................................................................................................... 6-10 Requirements ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6-11 B.1. Description............................................................................................................................................................. 6-11 B.2. Temperature Requirements .................................................................................................................................... 6-11 B.3. Layered Clothing ................................................................................................................................................... 6-12 B.4. Maintaining Body Heat.......................................................................................................................................... 6-12 B.5. Wearing a PFD....................................................................................................................................................... 6-12 B.6. Distress Signal Devices.......................................................................................................................................... 6-12 Anti-Exposure Coverall ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-12 B.7. Description............................................................................................................................................................. 6-12 B.8. Characteristics........................................................................................................................................................ 6-12 B.9. Use ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6-13 B.10. Donning ............................................................................................................................................................... 6-13 B.11. Entering the Water ............................................................................................................................................... 6-13 Dry Suit............................................................................................................................................................................... 6-14 B.12. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 6-14 B.13. Characteristics...................................................................................................................................................... 6-15 B.14. Use ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6-15 B.15. Donning ............................................................................................................................................................... 6-15 B.16. Entering the Water ............................................................................................................................................... 6-15 Wet Suit .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6-16 B.17. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 6-16 B.18. Characteristics...................................................................................................................................................... 6-16 B.19. Use ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6-17 B.20. Donning ............................................................................................................................................................... 6-17 Immersion Suit.................................................................................................................................................................... 6-17 B.21. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 6-17 B.22. Characteristics...................................................................................................................................................... 6-17 B.23. Use ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6-17 B.24. Donning ............................................................................................................................................................... 6-17 Section C. Headgear....................................................................................................................................................... 6-19 C.1. Thermal Protection................................................................................................................................................. 6-19 Section D. Boat Crew Survival Vest ............................................................................................................................. 6-19 Contents of the Boat Crew Survival Vest ........................................................................................................................... 6-20 D.1. Description ............................................................................................................................................................ 6-20 Emergency Signaling Mirror .............................................................................................................................................. 6-21 D.2. Description ............................................................................................................................................................ 6-21 D.3. Use......................................................................................................................................................................... 6-21 D.4. Characteristics ....................................................................................................................................................... 6-21 D.5. Operation ............................................................................................................................................................... 6-22 Signal Whistle..................................................................................................................................................................... 6-22 D.6. Description ............................................................................................................................................................ 6-22 D.7. Use......................................................................................................................................................................... 6-22 D.8. Characteristics ....................................................................................................................................................... 6-22 D.9. Operation ............................................................................................................................................................... 6-23 Smoke and Illumination Signal, MK-124 MOD 0 .............................................................................................................. 6-23 D.10. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 6-23 D.11. Use....................................................................................................................................................................... 6-23 D.12. Characteristics ..................................................................................................................................................... 6-23 D.13. Operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 6-24 Illumination Signal Kit, MK-79 MOD 0............................................................................................................................. 6-25 D.14. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 6-25 D.15. Use....................................................................................................................................................................... 6-26 D.16. Characteristics ..................................................................................................................................................... 6-26 D.17. Operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 6-26 Distress Signal Light........................................................................................................................................................... 6-27

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D.18. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 6-27 D.19. Use....................................................................................................................................................................... 6-28 D.20. Characteristics ..................................................................................................................................................... 6-28 D.21. Operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 6-29 Survival Knife..................................................................................................................................................................... 6-29 D.22. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 6-29 Personal Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (PEPIRB) .................................................................................... 6-29 D.23. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 6-29 D.24. Use....................................................................................................................................................................... 6-29 D.25. Characteristics ..................................................................................................................................................... 6-29 D.26. Operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 6-30 Section E. Pyrotechnics.................................................................................................................................................. 6-30 E.1. Requirements ......................................................................................................................................................... 6-30 E.2. Parachute Illumination Signal, MK-127A1............................................................................................................ 6-31 Section F. Rescue and Survival Raft ............................................................................................................................ 6-34 F.1. Automatic Inflation and Deployment ..................................................................................................................... 6-34 F.2. Manual Deployment ............................................................................................................................................... 6-34 F.3. Boarding a Raft ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-35 F.4. Tasks Onboard a Raft ............................................................................................................................................. 6-36 F.5. Conduct in a Raft.................................................................................................................................................... 6-36 F.6. Using a Raft to Rescue Others................................................................................................................................ 6-37 Section G. Emergency Procedures in the Event of Capsizing..................................................................................... 6-39 G.1. Prevention.............................................................................................................................................................. 6-39 G.2. Precautions ............................................................................................................................................................ 6-39 G.3. Escape Procedures ................................................................................................................................................. 6-40 CHAPTER 7 MARLINESPIKE SEAMANSHIP ..................................................................................................................................... 7-1 Section A. Types and Characteristics of Line ................................................................................................................ 7-2 Line Characteristics .............................................................................................................................................................. 7-2 A.1. Composition............................................................................................................................................................. 7-2 A.2. Coast Guard Line..................................................................................................................................................... 7-2 Natural Fiber Line................................................................................................................................................................. 7-6 A.3. Composition............................................................................................................................................................. 7-6 A.4. Uses of Natural Fiber Line....................................................................................................................................... 7-6 A.5. Limitations............................................................................................................................................................... 7-6 A.6. Construction............................................................................................................................................................. 7-6 A.7. Plain-Laid Lines ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-6 Synthetic Fiber Line.............................................................................................................................................................. 7-7 A.8. Composition............................................................................................................................................................. 7-7 A.9. Commonly Used Types ........................................................................................................................................... 7-7 A.10. Slippage ................................................................................................................................................................. 7-8 A.11. Considerations ....................................................................................................................................................... 7-8 A.12. Cutting ................................................................................................................................................................... 7-8 Section B. Inspection, Handling, Maintenance, and Stowage of Line.......................................................................... 7-9 Inspection.............................................................................................................................................................................. 7-9 B.1. Description............................................................................................................................................................... 7-9 B.2. Aging ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7-9 B.3. Fiber Wear ............................................................................................................................................................... 7-9 B.4. Fiber Damage......................................................................................................................................................... 7-10 B.5. Chafing .................................................................................................................................................................. 7-10 B.6. Kinks...................................................................................................................................................................... 7-10 B.7. Cockles .................................................................................................................................................................. 7-10 B.8. Cutting ................................................................................................................................................................... 7-10 B.9. Overloading or Shock-Loading.............................................................................................................................. 7-11 B.10. Rust/Foreign Material .......................................................................................................................................... 7-11 B.11. Eye Splices (Double-Braided Nylon Line)........................................................................................................... 7-11 Uncoiling and Unreeling..................................................................................................................................................... 7-11 B.12. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 7-11 B.13. Uncoiling Natural Fiber Laid Line....................................................................................................................... 7-11 B.14. Unreeling Synthetic Fiber Line............................................................................................................................ 7-12 Maintenance........................................................................................................................................................................ 7-13

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Table of Contents

B.15. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 7-13 B.16. Keeping Lines Clean............................................................................................................................................ 7-13 B.17. Using Chafing Gear ............................................................................................................................................. 7-13 B.18. Keeping Deck Fittings Clean and Smooth ........................................................................................................... 7-13 B.19. Watching for Frozen Water.................................................................................................................................. 7-13 B.20. Avoiding Crushing or Pinching Lines.................................................................................................................. 7-13 B.21. Being Cautious of Sharp Bends ........................................................................................................................... 7-13 B.22. Care of Natural Fiber Line ................................................................................................................................... 7-14 B.23. Care of Synthetic Fiber Line ................................................................................................................................ 7-14 Stowing Lines ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7-14 B.24. Description........................................................................................................................................................... 7-14 B.25. Natural Fiber Lines ..............................................................................................