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    VerbsModal Verbs

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    Inhalt

    Modal Verbs

    What are modal verbs?

    The key modal verbs in the present tenseModals and infinitives

    Mgen in the imperfect subjunctive

    Knnen in the imperfect subjunctiveModals in other tenses

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    What are modal verbs?

    Modal verbs are important building blocks in many

    languages, and this is particularly true in German. They areused with other verbs to expresspossibilityornecessity,

    and to give a meaning to a sentence that is not just factual.

    Here are some English examples:

    Matthias gets up at 8am.

    Matthias must get up at 8am.

    Matthias ought to get up at 8am.

    Matthias can get up at 8am.

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    Zum Beispiel:

    Ich muss frh ins Bett gehen.Du darfst nicht in die Disco gehen.

    Sie will ein neues Handy kaufen.

    Ich soll weniger Fett essen.

    German modal verbs

    In German there are six main modal verbs:

    wollen to want

    drfen to be allowed

    mssen must / to have to

    mgen to like

    sollen ought / to be supposed toknnen can / to be able

    They are auxiliaryverbs, which means

    they work with another

    verb. Modal verbs go

    with another verb in theinfinitive (the form of

    the verb that endsen).

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    Which verbs are modal?

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    ich will

    du willst

    er / sie / es will

    wir wollen

    ihr wolltsie wollen

    Sie wollen

    Wollen

    Wollenmeansto want.

    Ich will Lehrerinwerden.

    Erwill viel Geld

    verdienen.

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    Wollen

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    ich darf

    du darfster / sie / es darf

    wir drfen

    ihr drft

    sie drfen

    Sie drfen

    Drfen

    Drfen meansto be allowed.

    Ich darfkein Bier trinken.

    Im not allowed to drink beer.Wirdrfen morgen ins Kino gehen.

    Were allowed to go to the cinema tomorrow.

    Sie darfnicht ins Kino gehen.

    Shes not allowed to go to the cinema.

    This could also be translated as she

    cant go to the cinema orshe mustnt

    go to the cinema, so be careful!

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    ich muss

    du musster / sie / esmuss

    wir mssen

    ihr msst

    sie mssen

    Sie mssen

    Mssen

    Mssenmeans must / to have to.

    Ich muss jetzt zur Schule fahren.

    I have to go to school now.

    Ermuss seine Hausaufgaben machen.He has to do his homework.

    I dont have to ich muss nicht

    I must not ich darf nicht

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    Mssen or drfen?

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    Mssen

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    Mgen

    Mgen means to like.

    You often come across mgenis in its subjunctive form, e.g.

    ich mchteI would like.

    ich mag

    du magst

    er / sie / esmag

    wir mgen

    ihr mgtsie mgen

    Sie mgen

    Ich mag Fuball spielen.Magst du Sport?

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    Ich mchte

    Ich mchte is a common German phrase that means I would

    like. It is the imperfect subjunctive form of the verb mgen.

    ich mchte

    du mchtest

    er / sie / esmchtewir mchten

    ihr mchtet

    sie mchten

    Sie mchten

    Ich mchte ein Kilo Tomaten.

    I would like a kilo of tomatoes.

    Ermchte Auto fahren.

    He would like to drive.

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    Ich mchte

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    ich sollte

    du solltest

    er sollte

    wir solltenihr solltet

    sie sollten

    Sie sollten

    Sollen

    Sollen in the present tense meansto be supposed to or

    shall. In the past tense it means ought to / should.

    ich soll

    du sollst

    er soll

    wir sollenihr sollt

    sie sollen

    Sie sollen

    Im supposed to

    youre supposed to

    hes supposed to

    were supposed toyoure supposed to

    theyre supposed to

    youre supposed to

    I should

    you should

    he should

    we shouldyou should

    they should

    you should

    Although these are in the imperfect (past) tense,

    they can be used with a present meaning to

    convey something with a sense ofobligation, just

    as we use should (past tense ofshall) in English.

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    Sollen

    Soll ich mein Zimmer aufrumen?

    Shall I tidy my room?

    Wirsollten Oma besuchen.

    We ought to / should visit Grandma.

    What do the following sentences mean?

    Du sollst um acht Uhr mit Alex ausgehen.Youre supposed to go out with Alex at 8 oclock.

    Wirsollen Oma am Sonntag besuchen.

    Were supposed to visit Grandma on Sunday.

    Ersollte ein Handy kaufen.

    He ought to / should buy a mobile phone.

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    Knnen

    Ich kann Deutsch sprechen.

    I can speak German.

    Erkann Ski fahren.

    He knows how to ski.

    Knnen means can orto be able.

    I can go to the concert. (Mum says Im allowed.)

    Ich darfins Konzert gehen.

    I can go to the concert. (Im able to get there.)

    Ich kann ins Konzert gehen.

    ich kann

    du kannst

    er / sie / eskann

    wir knnen

    ihr knntsie knnen

    Sie knnen

    You cant always translateI canasich kann.

    In German there is a distinction between

    what you are able to do (knnen) and what

    you are allowed to do (drfen).

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    Ich konnte

    As with mgen and mchte, youll

    probably see the imperfectsubjunctive form knnte more often

    than the imperfect form konnte. It is

    important not to get them confused.

    Ich konnte(nicht) means you were

    (not) able to do something in the past.

    Ich konnte meine Emails nicht herunterladen.

    I couldnt / wasnt able to download my emails.

    Ich konnte nicht in die Stadt gehen, weil es zu spt war.

    I couldnt go into town because it was too late.

    ich konntedu konntest

    er / sie / eskonnte

    wir konnten

    ihr konntet

    sie konnten

    Sie konnten

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    ich konntedu konntest

    er / sie / eskonnte

    wir konnten

    ihr konntet

    sie konnten

    Sie konnten

    Ich knnte

    As with mgen and mchte, youll

    probably see the imperfectsubjunctive form knnte more often

    than the imperfect form konnte. It is

    important not to get them confused.

    Ich konnte(nicht) means you were

    (not) able to do something in the past.

    Ich konnte meine Emails nicht herunterladen.

    I couldnt / wasnt able to download my emails.

    Ich konnte nicht in die Stadt gehen, weil es zu spt war.

    I couldnt go into town because it was too late.

    Ich knnte heute in die Stadt gehen,wenn es nicht regnete.

    I could go to town today, ifit doesnt rain.

    Ich knnte(nicht) means you might

    (not) be able to do something under

    a certain set of circumstances.

    ich knntedu knntest

    er / sie / es knnte

    wir knnten

    ihr knntet

    sie knnten

    Sie knnten

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    Konnte or knnte?

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    Modals mix

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    Modals in other tenses

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    Modal verb quiz