~BN07 PNS Anatomy.ppt
Transcript of ~BN07 PNS Anatomy.ppt
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The PeripheralNervous System
Lecture 7
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Peripheral N. S.
Cranial Nerves - 12 pair Spinal Nerves - 31 pair Somatic Division
Sensory info Body Movement
Autonomic division - Homeostasis regulation ~
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Cranial Nerves
From ventral surface numbered anterior posterior
Sensory, motor, or mixed Mnemonic ~
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Oh
Oh
Oh
To
Touch
And
Feel
Very
Green
Vegetables
A
H
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulococlear
Glossopharangeal
Vagus
Accessory (Spinal)
Hypoglossal
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
On
Old
Olympus
Towering
Top
A
Famous
Vocal
German
Viewed
Some
Hops
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Spinal Nerves
1 pair for each vertebral segment
8 pr. cervical (C1-C8) 12 pr. thoracic (T1-T12) 5 pr. lumbar (L1-L5) 5 pr. sacral (S1-S5) 1 pr coccygeal ~
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Spinal Nerves
Thoracic nerves relatively smallback & ribs
Cervical, lumbar, & sacral: large nervesrest of the body
All Interconnect after leaving vertebral canal form 4 major plexuses
cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral ~
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Somatic Nervous System
Sensory input receptors DRG dorsal SC Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway Spinolthalamic tract
Motor output Receptors ventral horns muscles Corticospinal tract Rubrospinal tract ~
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Dermatomes
Sensory innervationeach spinal nerve has receptive field
Overlap at distal branchesredundancyretain some sensation even if a complete spinal nerve destroyed ~
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Somatic N.S.:Motor Output
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The Lateral Pathway
Voluntary movement distal limbs 2 tracts
Corticospinal tract
about 1 million axons Rubrospinal tract
small part of pathway ~
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Motor N.S. Striate muscle
uninterrupted neuron motor neuron
nerve-dependent Excitatory only at neuroeffector synapse
NT is acetylcholine (ACh)cholinergic
Nicotine = direct agonist (AG) Curare = direct antagonist (ANT) ~
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Somatic Motor N. S.
Spinal Cord
Motor Neuron
Effector
ACh
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Homeostasis Effectors
Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Glands ~
Autonomic N. S.
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Not nerve-dependent Sympathetic
Emergency, flight/fight Parasympathetic
Conservation / vegetative ~
Autonomic Subdivisions
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Effector
Ganglion
Preganglionic neuron
Postganglionic neuron
Autonomic N. S.: General Features
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Effector
Autonomic N. S.: General Features
ACh
Nicotinic different R-subtype than
neuromuscular ~
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Effector
Autonomic N. S.: General Features
ACh
Neuroeffector junction Different NT for each
division ~
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Pharmacology of Autonomic NS
Preganglionic neuronreleases ACh
Different NT at effectors sympathetic division: NE
Norepinephrine (or noradrenaline)
parasympathetic division: ACh ~
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Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic
Sympathetic ganglia near spinal cord interconnected ---> active together long-lasting effects
Parasympathetic ganglia near effector discrete ---> active independently transient effects
Antagonistic regulation ~
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Effector Responses
Effector Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Heart + -
Respiration + -
GI - +
Immune system - +
Sweat glands + no input
Iris + (radial) + (sphincter) ~
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Parasympathetic
Post-Pre-
Sympathetic
Adrenal Glands
ACh
Glands
Smooth muscle
NE
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Sympathetic Arousal Syndrome
Fight or flight situations Diffuse sympathetic activation
Adrenal glands releases NE into blood maintains sympathetic arousal
Parasympathetic rebound antagonistic regulation ~