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Transcript of BMP4 August 2011
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7/31/2019 BMP4 August 2011
1/14August 2011
www.seasecurity.o
A Guide to BMP4Steven Jones
This guide covers the changes introduced through theatest industry BMP4: Best Management Praccesor Protecon Against Somalia Based Piracy.
Work has been ongoing to create the latest incarnaon of industry
est Management Pracce (BMP4), providing Suggested Planning
nd Operaonal Pracces for Ship Operators, and Masters of Ships
ransing the High Risk Area.
he Industry partners who have come together to produce the
MPs are also nancially sponsoring the publicaon of 50,000
ard copies of BMP 4 so that they can be distributed to Industry
n a free-of-charge basis. Addionally this year, a DVD haseen produced by Steamship Mutual and endorsed by many
ssociaon signatories. This will also be distributed on a free of
harge basis. The challenge for the Industry is to ensure the widest
ossible distribuon and use of BMP4 and ensuring onboard
mplementaon
aval Authories now report on a monthly basis, the names
f vessels which have failed to fully implement BMP, and
rganisaons are being pushed to raise an internal invesgaon to
erify compliance of their members.
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BMP4 stresses some basics on how to avoid beinga vicm of piracy:
Do not be alone - Report, use IRTC, Keep AIS On
Do not be detected - Use Nav. lights only, Follow NAVWARNS
Do not be surprised - be vigilant
Do not be vulnerable - SPMs
Do not be boarded - Speed and manoeuvres
Do not be controlled - Drills, Citadels, access control
The guidelines now explicitly cover a wider geographical area, with
the Somali Basin added to the Coast of Somalia and Arabian Sea
areas.
Prior to the introducon to BMP4 there is a new secon which focuses
on The three Fundamental Requirements of BMP. In essence
these consist of:
Register at MSCHOA - In addion to the usual bounding areas,
the Straits of Hormuz are now included
Report to UKMTO UKMTO acts as the primary point of contact
for merchant vessels and liaison with military forces in the region
and it is the primary point of contact during an aack. For this
reason UKMTO should be made aware that the vessel is transing
the High Risk Area
ImplementShipProteconMeasures(SPMs)- These are the
most basic measures likely to be eecve at reducing the risk of
piracy aack. If pirates are unable to board a ship they cannot
hijack it.
What follows is an assessment of the addional areas, issues and secons within BMP4. Marime security personnel a
encouraged to use this in-conjuncon with the new BMPs, so they can see what addional measures they need to ado
and of the current and latest best management pracce.
New Issues Highlighted and Idened within BMP4
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A Guide to BMP4
Secon 1: IntroduconThe guidance provides a slightly expanded explanaon
of Somali piracy, stang that Somali pirates have to
date sought to hijack a vessel, her cargo and crew
andholdthemunlaransomdemandispaid.
It also covers the intended scope of the BMPs and the
fact that the aim is to assist ships to avoid, deter or
delay piracy aacks in the High Risk Area.
It stresses that the guidelines are based on not just
experience, but also on evidence and data collected by
naval forces.
BMP3 stated that The extent to which the guidance
given in this booklet is followed is always to be at the
discreon of the Ship Operator and Master. In BMP4
this statement had been deleted.
BMP4 also remind us that not all measures
discussed in this booklet may be applicable for
every ship type.
Secon 2: Somali Pirate
Acvity the High Risk Area
BMP4 addresses the shiing dynamic of pirate
operaons, and recognises the eect of the increased
use of Motherships, and the extension to pirate
aack ranges these vessels have oered.
The guidance has been expanded to cover the cyclical
nature of pirate acvity stressing that level of pirate
acvity varies within the High Risk Area due to changin
weather condions and acvity by Naval/Military Force
It is stated thatpirateacvitygenerallyreducesin
areasaectedbytheSouthWestmonsoon,andincreased in the period following the monsoon. The
guidance also reminds us that the onset of the North E
monsoon generally has lesser eect on piracy acvity.
There is a reminder thatwhenpiracyacvityisredu
in one area of the High Risk Area, it is likely to
increase elsewhere (e.g. Kenya and Tanzania. the Gul
Aden and Bab-al-Mandeb have experienced an increas
pirate acvity during the South West Monsoon.)
There has been an addion to the High Risk Area for piwhere pirate acvity and/or aacks have taken place.
For the purposes of BMP4, the High Risk Area is an a
bounded by Suez and the Straits of Hormuz to the
North, 10S and 78E.
Perhaps reecng this widening area, the BMPs state
that vessels should be prepared to alter course at sho
nocetoavoidpirateacvitywhen informaon is
provided by NAV WARNINGS and/or Naval/Military For
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4 A Guide to BMP
In BMP4 the factors to be considered in the Risk
Assessment cover:
Crew safety - Assessing access control versus
safety, especially in the event of shipboard
emergencies.
Locaon of a safe muster point or Citadel.
Balliscprotecon for crew on the bridge
Freeboard- Pirates will likely try to board at the
lowest point above the waterline. Usually vessels
with a freeboard greater than 8 metres are less
likely to be boarded. However, freeboard mayprovide lile or no protecon if other access
points are provided.
Speed- To date, there have been no reported
aacks where pirates have boarded a ship
that has been proceeding at over 18 knots. It
is possible however that pirate taccs and
techniques may develop to enable them to board
faster moving ships.
Sea State - Pirates aack from small cra
(skis), it is oen more dicult to operate theskis if the sea state is 3 or above.
Secon 3: Risk Assessment
he secon on Risk Assessment looks at the idencaon
f measures for prevenon, migaon and recovery.
statement that pirate acvity increases in the wake of a
elease is no longer included in BMP4.
he importance is stressed of the Risk Assessment being
hipandvoyagespecic,andnotgeneric.
Secon 4: Typical Pirate Aack
A typical pirate aack now states that two small high spe
(up to 25 knots) open boats/skis will be used.
The fact that pirates apparently preferred boarding from
port quarter has been deleted also.
BMP4 states that thepiratesoenapproachfromeith
quarter or the stern.
The skis are frequently ed with two outboard engine
a larger single 60hp engine.
Signicant new secon on Pirate Acon Groups and the
various boat conguraons - assessing skis, whalers and
motherships.
Examinaon of weapons used, and the fact that pirates
RPGstoinmidatevesselsintostopping.
The guidance stresses the importance of maintaining Ful
Sea Speed.
Slightly enhanced view of the pirate tools used to board -
these now include in addion to ladders, ropes and lon
hookedpoleswithknoedclimbingropeare also us
While night-me aacks are sll less common, the guidanow states that aacks have occurred on clear moonlit
nights.
The majority of pirate aacks have been repelled by ship
crew who haveplanned and trained and applied BM
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A Guide to BMP4
The UK Marime Trade Operaons (UKMTO)
whose reporng process is to incorporate:
1. Inial Report
2. Daily Reports
3. Final Report (upon departure from the high risk
area or arrival in port).
The Marime Security Centre Horn of Africa
(MSCHOA) which is the planning and coordinaon
centre for EU Naval forces (EUNAVFOR).
The EUNAVFOR operaonal area does not extend
East of 65E.
Secon 5: BMP Reporng
Procedures
An essenal part of BMP that applies to all ships is
liaison with Naval/Military forces. The two key Naval
organisaons to contact are:
It is important that vessels and their operators complete
both the UKMTOVesselPosionReporngForms
and register with MSCHOA.
Secon 6: Company PlanningReporng is stressed in this secon too, and a Vessel
Movement Registraon Form should be submied to
MSCHOA and details are provided on how to do this.
The latest informaon should be obtained from the MSCHO
and NATO shipping centre websites.
The company planning checklist stresses the importance o
reviewing the ShipSecurityAssessment(SSA)and the
implementaon of theShipSecurityPlan(SSP)as requir
by the Internaonal Ship and Port Facility Security Code
(ISPS).
The CompanySecurityOcer(CSO) is encouraged to
ensure than an SSP is in place and that discussions have
taken place with theShipSecurityOcer(SSO).
The monitoring of piracy related websites is supplemented
with instrucons to monitor all NAVWARNINGS - SAT C
should not only be monitored but acted upon.
Planning is given greater emphasis with the guidance
stressing that great care should be taken in voyage
planning.
The company should oer the Ships Master guidance with
regard to the recommendedroungthrough the High Ri
Area.
Self Protecon measures are now, VERY strongly
recommended.
Crew training now specically menons citadel drills whe
ulised. The crew training sessions should be conducted p
transit, and debrieng sessions post-transit.
This secon now stresses that the UKMTO is unable to
respond as an SSAS designated recipient when a vessel i
outside the UKMTO Voluntary Reporng Area
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A Guide to BMP
Secon 7: Ship Masters
Planning
The Master should ensure that these BMP measures
are in place prior to entry into the High Risk Area:
Greater emphasis placed on the briengofcrewand of
the conducng of drills.
Masters should also consider tesngofSPMs, tesng ofthe security of all access points and a thorough review of
the SSP.
Masters are advised to prepare an Emergency
CommunicaonPlan, this will include all emergency
contact numbers and prepared messages.
The ships AIS policy is reviewed. The recommendaon is
now to keep AIS on - though this is le to the Masters
discreon.
This secon once again stresses the importance of
reporngtoMSCHOAandUKMTO.
During transit through the High Risk Area:
There is a new secon on maintenance and engineering
work in the High Risk Area. Any work outside of the
accommodaon is to be strictly controlled and access
points limited and controlled.
No maintenance should be performed on essenal
equipment in the Engine Room.
There is an enhanced policy fordailyvesselreporng
UKMTO via email at 0800 GMT.
Masters are encouraged to carefully review all warnin
and informaon.
There is a reminder that voyage roung changes may b
necessary.
Advice on the use of the IRTChas been amended, and
instrucons on which area of the IRTC to use dependen
direcon of transit has been removed.
Ships are reminded that they may have to make
adjustments topassage plans to conform to MSCHOA
advice on group transits.
There is a new secon on the use ofNaonalConvoy
some countries oer independent convoy escorts throu
the IRTC.
Advice on vessels avoiding entering Yemeni Territorial
waters remains, however it is now thought to be very
dicult for naval vessels to enter the waters, as oppos
to not possible in the past.
Much of the BMP3 Secon 8 Voyage Planning aspects
have been brought into the Masters Planning secon
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Secon 8: Ship Protecon
Measures
Secon 8 has now been completely changed, with the
emphasis away from pre-transit planning, and now
focusing on SPMs.
The SPMs are the most basic level which will likely be
eecve. The advice rests on the premise that If pirates
are unable to board a ship they cannot hijack it.
Watchkeeping & Enhanced Vigilance
There is advice that vessels should consider a shorter
rotaonoftheWatchperiodin order to maximise
alertness of the lookouts.
The use ofan-glarebinoculars is encouraged.
The use of well constructed dummies remains -however the unequivocal view is that, A proper lookout
isthesinglemosteecvemethodofselfprotecon
where early warning of a suspicious approach or aack is
assured, and where defences can be readily deployed.
Enhanced Bridge Protecon
The bridge is usually the focus for any pirate aack.
BMP4 states that Kevlar jackets and helmets
(preferably in non-military colours) should be available for
the bridge team.
Flying glass is a major issue when the bridge is aacked
- as such the use of security glass lm oen called Blast
Resistant Film is encouraged.
BMP4 states that fabricated metal(steel/aluminium)pla
may be used for the side and rear bridge windows and t
bridge wing door windows. The use of sand bags on brid
wings is also encouraged.
In order to protect from RPG shells the guidance states t
the sides and rear of the bridge, and the bridge wings,
may be protected with a double layer ofChain Link Fen
which has been shown to reduce the eect of an RPG ro
Proprietaryan-RPGscreensare also available.
Control of Access to Bridge, Accommodaon &
Machinery Spaces
It is very important to control access routes to deter or
delay pirates who have managed to board a vessel.
If pirates do gain access to the upper deck of a vessel
they will be tenacious in their eorts to access the
accommodaon secon and in parcular the bridge.
It is strongly recommended that signicant eort isexpended prior to entry to the High Risk Area to deny
the pirates access to the accommodaon and the
bridge, should they overcome the vessels ship proteco
measures and be able to board the vessel.
All doors and hatches providing access should be
secured, and BMP4 now adds the word properly to t
guidance, and this is done in order to aordtheship
themaximumproteconpossible.
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8 A Guide to BMP
BMP4 stresses that pirates have been known to gain access
through portholes and windows. The ng ofsteel bars
to windows will prevent this even if they manage to shaer
the window.
Physical Barriers
Physical barriers have been discussed in earlier incarnaons
of BMP. In the latest guidance there is further advice, in
that such barriers should be used to make it as dicultas
possible to gain access to vessels by increasing the height
and diculty of any climb for an aacking pirate.
Anyrazor wire should be secured so pirates cannot pull o
the razor wire with, for instance, the hook of their boarding
ladder.
Consideraon should also be given to securing the razor
wire with a wire strop to prevent it being dislodged.
BMP4 goes into great detail about the types and quality of
razor wire which is recommended.
An climb paint is no longer considered an eecve
measure.
Ifelectric fences are to be used, then a full risk
assessmentis to be carried out.
Water Spray & Foam Monitors
Water cannons receive new coverage, and steam is now
cited as an eecve deterrent, as are water spray rails
The use offoam is covered, and it is stressed that any
supplies used must be in addion to the ships Fire Fighn
Equipment (FFE) stock.
Where possible no maintenance should be carried out on
the vessels sea water systems whilst on passage in the
High Risk Area.
It is also stressed that in order to ulise allpumps,
addional power may be required and therefore these
systems should also be ready for immediate use.
Pracce,observaonanddrillswill be required in ord
to ensure that the results achieved by the equipment
provide eecve coverage of vulnerable areas.
Alarms
The use ofalarms and sound signals is covered, and if
approached, connuous sounding of the vessels foghorn/
whistle distracts the pirates and lets them know they hav
been seen.
Manoeuvring Pracce
There is a new emphasis placed on the use of
manoeuvringpracce. Praccing prior to entry into
the High Risk Area will be very benecial and will ensure
familiarity with the ships handling characteriscs and ho
to eect an-piracy manoeuvres whilst maintaining the
best possible speed.
Itisstressedthatwaingunltheshipisaacked
beforepraccingistoolate!
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A Guide to BMP4
There is a detailed examinaon of the criteria
that any Naval/Military forces will apply before
considering a boarding operaon to release the
crew from a Citadel.
The criteria include:
100% of the crew must be secured in the Citadel.
The crew of the ship must have self contained,
independent reliable 2-way communicaons
(sole reliance on VHF communicaons is not
sucient)
The pirates must be denied access to ship
propulsionClosed Circuit Television (CCTV)
& Upper Deck LighngBMP4 goes into some detail about the use ofClosed
CircuitTelevision(CCTV)and the use ofUpper Deck
Lighng. However it is stressed that navigaon lights
should not be switched o at night.
Ships Tools & Equipment
There is a secon on the importance of denying pirates the
use ofships tools or equipment. The BMPs also stress
the importance of protecng ships equipment such as gas
boles or ammable liquids/materials - using sand bags or
Kevlar blankets.
Safe Muster Points/Citadels
A Safe Muster Pointis a short-term safe haven, which
will provide ballisc protecon should the pirates
commence ring with small arms weaponry or RPGs.
Citadels get a lot of coverage in BMP4 - If citadels are to
be employed, they should be complementary to, rather
than a replacement for, all other Ship Protecon Measures
set out in BMP4.
It is stressed that establishing a Citadel maybe beyond
the capability of a ships sta alone, and requires external
technical advice and support.
The details of the construcon and operaon of Citadels
are beyond the scope of this booklet. A detailed document
containing guidance and advice is included on the
MSCHOA website.
BMP4 perhaps reecng this fact has deleted a series of
measures to enhance a safe-haven.
It is important to remember that the use of a Citadel,
even where the criteria are applied, cannot guarantee a
Naval/Military response. This is now explicit within the
BMPs.
Private Marime Security Contractors
There is now a secon dedicated to the use of private
marime security contractors - both armed and unarmed
BMP4 states,useofunarmedPrivateMarimeSecurity
ContractorsisamaerforindividualShipOperator
following their own voyage risk assessment. The
deploymentonboardissubjecttothenaonal
laws of the Flag State. The use of experienced and
competentunarmedPrivateMarimeSecurity
ContractorscanbeavaluableaddiontoBMP.
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Some key elements of the BMP4 include the followingadvice:
If armed Private Marime Security Contractors are
to be used they must be as an addional layer of
protecon and not as an alternave to BMP.
If armed Private Marime Security Contractors
are present on board a merchant vessel, this fact
should be included in reports to UKMTO and
MSCHOA.
The Internaonal Marime Organizaon (IMO)have produced guidance in the form of an IMO
Circular for ship operators and Masters and for
Flag States on the use of Private Marime Security
Contractors in the High Risk Area.
The current IMO guidance on the use of armed
Private Marime Security Contractor is included
on the MSCHOA website (www.mschoa.org).
Armed Private Marime Security Contractors
There is an addional examinaon on the use ofarmed
Private Marime Security Contractors.
The use, or not, of armed Private Marime Security
Contractors onboard merchant vessels is a maerfor
individual ship operators to decide following their own
voyage risk assessment and approval of respecve FlagStates.
Subject to risk analysis, careful planning and
agreements, the provision of MilitaryVesselProtecon
Detachments (VPDs) deployed to protect vulnerable
shipping is the recommended opon when considering
armed guards.This advice does not constute a
recommendaon nor endorsement of the general use of
armed Private Marime Security Contractors.
Secon 9: Pirate AackThis secon examines the correct response of a vessel bein
approached and then coming under aack.
If a vessel suspects that it is coming under a pirate aack,
there are specic acons that are recommended to be tak
during the approach stage, and the aackstage.
It should be noted that the pirates generally do not use
weapons unl they are within two cables of a vessel.
Therefore any period up to this stage can be considered
as approach and gives a vessel valuable me in which to
acvate her defences, and make it clear to pirates that they
have been spoed and the vessel is prepared and will resis
Approach Stage
When being approached, if not already at full speed,
increase to maximum. Steer a straight course to maintain maximum speed.
The communicaonplan at this me is vital, and in
addion to previous advice BMP4 also states that once
established, the vessel should maintain communicaon wit
UKMTO.
The advice also states that aacksshouldbereported
to UKMTO even if the vessel is part of a naonal convoy so
other merchant ships can be warned.
The issue ofballiscprotecon is a key element of the
new guidance, and when under aack it is stressed that all
crew except those required on the bridge to muster at the
Safe Muster Point or Citadel if constructed, so that the crew
are given as much ballisc protecon as possible should th
pirates get close enough to use weapons.
When discussing the manoeuvres used to keep clear of
pirates, the latest advice no longer contains explicit meno
of the use of bow and stern wash to restrict incoming pirat
When the aack comes in, the advice is to ensure that allexternal doors and, where possible, internal public rooms
and cabins, arefully secured.
In addion to the emergency alarms and announcement fo
the benet of the vessels crew, sound the ships
whistle/foghorn connuously to demonstrate to any
potenal aacker that the ship is aware of the aack and is
reacng to it .
10 A Guide to BMP
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Aack Stage
There is now a new Aack stage covered and advice
is given on the conduct. At this phase it is important to
reconrm that all ships personnel are in a posion of
safety.
As the pirates close on the vessel, Masters should
commence small alteraons of helm whilst maintaininga speed to deter skis from lying alongside the
vessel in preparaon for a boarding aempt. These
manoeuvres will create addional wash to impede the
operaon of the skis.
It is stressed that substanal amounts of helm are not
recommended, as these are likely to signicantly reduce
a vessels speed.
Secon 10: If the Pirates take
Control
The BMP4 guidance If the Pirates take Control is to, try
remain calm. Before the pirates gain access to the bridg
BMP4 states the importance of informing UKMTO. Ensure
that the SSAS has been acvated and theAIS is switched
As with earlier BMPs it is stressed that no resistance shobe oered to the pirates once they reach the bridge.
BMP4 now expressly states that pirates are likely to be
aggressive, highly agitatedand possibly under the
inuence ofdrugs (khat).
In BMP3 there was a list of the things not to do - such a
not use rearms, do not make sudden movements, and d
not use ares or pyrotechnics. These have now been dele
If the bridge/engine room is to be evacuated the main en
should be stopped and allwaytakenothevesselifpossible, (and if navigaonally safe to do so).
All remaining crew members should proceed to the
designated Safe Muster Pointwith their hands visible.
BMP4 also stresses that any CCTVshould be kept running
A Guide to BMP4 1
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Secon 11: In the event of
Military AconMP4 follows that of previous guidelines, however where
aval/Military forces take acon onboard the ship there
s new advice.
ll personnel should keep lowto the deck and cover
heir head with both hands with hands visible. On no
ccount should personnel make movements which could
e misinterpreted as being aggressive.
he BMP guidance states that personnel should not
se ash photography, they should be prepared to be
hallenged on their identy, they should cooperate fully
uring any Naval/Military acon, while remaining aware
hat English is not the working language of all Naval/
Military forces in the region.
is stressed that Naval/Military forces will endeavour
o respond rapidly to ongoing acts of piracy, however
ecause of the very large distances across the High Risk
rea a Naval/Military response may not be possible.
Secon 12: Post Incident
ReporngFollowing any piracy aack or suspicious acvity it is vital
that a detailed reportof the event is reported to UKMTO a
MSCHOA.
BMP4 now reminds us that it is considered helpful to pro
a copy of the report to the IMB. It is also stressed that any
report contains descripons and disnguishing features of
suspicious vessels that were observed.
The Post Incident Reporng emphasis is supplemented by
a new secon on Prosecuon of Pirates Assisng Law
Enforcement Authories.
Law enforcement authories will rounely request permis
to conductpost-release crew debriefs and to collect evide
for ongoing and future invesgaons and prosecuons
following capvity. A thorough invesgaon is crical to
ensure that potenal physical evidence, including electron
evidence, is not tainted or destroyed or potenal witnesse
overlooked.
The company and crew are advised that the quality of the
evidence provided and the availability of the crew to tesf
will signicantly help any invesgaon or prosecuon that
follows.
A signicant part of this secon now features informaon
INTERPOL as well as reporng processes. BMP4 states that
INTERPOL is an internaonal police organisaon with 188
member countries which facilitates cross border police co-
operaon to combat internaonal crime.
INTERPOL recognise that seafarers as the vicms of piracy
must be dealt with in a sympathec and professional man
and can assist in taking the appropriate steps to preserve
the integrity of the evidence le behind at the crime scene
INTERPOL has a Command and Co-ordinaon Centre (CCC)
which supports any of the 188 member countries faced wi
crisis situaon or requiring urgent operaonal assistance.
The CCC operates in four languages English, French, Span
and Arabic and is staed 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
recommended ship operators contact INTERPOL within 3 d
of a hijacking of their vessel.
BMP4 Change
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12 A Guide to BMP
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Secon 13: Updang BestManagement Pracces
he Industry Organisaons engaged in producing BMP4
will endeavour to meet regularly and ensure updates are
ssued as necessary, based upon operaonal experience
nd lessons learned. The latest advice may be found on
he MSCHOA, NATO Shipping Centre and MARLO websites.
ddionally the UKMTO may be contacted at any me for
pdated advice.
A Guide to BMP4 1
www.seasecurity.org
Annexes
Annex A - List of useful contact details
Annex B - UKMTO Vessel Posion ReporngForms. The
reporng forms have been changed and updated.
Annex C - Piracy Denions. This annex sets out somecommon denions and guidelines for reporng piracyaacks and suspicious acvity. This lisng is not exhausand is provided as guidance only.
Annex D - Follow up report
Annex E - MSCHOA Vessel MovementRegistraon Form
This has been revised and is especially interesng as it
contains a signicant overview of the an-piracy measur
actually in place on vessels.The new form has the follow
addions:
Entry point to High Risk Area (HRA)
ETA to HRA Exit Point from HRA
ETD from HRA
Do you intend to transit the IRTC?
Annex F - Provides guidance for vessels engaged inshi
Annex G - Contains specic advice for leisure cra, inclu
yachts. In view of escalang pirate aacks in the High R
Area, the advice is NOT to enter this area.
Annex H - SupporngOrganisaons, Naval/Military/L
Enforcement orgsanisaons
The full BMP4 document can be downloaded from
SAMI website:
hp://seasecurity.org/images/uploads/pdfs/SAM
BMP4.pdf
NTERPOL may be consulted to discuss the recommended
est pracces and protocols for the preservaon of
vidence or other physical clues that could be useful to
aw enforcement agents pursuing an invesgaon of the
ncident.
he 24 hour telephone contact details for the CCC and
NTERPOLs Marime Task Force website are:
CC 24 hour telephone helpline: +33 (0) 4 72 44 76 76
NTERPOLs Marime Task Force website: www.interpol.int
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Supporng Organisaons
BIMCO - www.bimco.org
Cruise Lines Internaonal Associaon (CLIA) - www.cruising.org
The Internaonal Chamber of Shipping (ICS) - www.marisec.org The Internaonal Group of P&I Clubs - www.igpandi.org
The Internaonal Marime Bureau (IMB) - www.icc-ccs.org/piracy-reporng-centre
Internaonal Marime Employers Commiee (IMEC) - www.imec.org.uk
INTERCARGO - www.intercargo.org
InterManager - www.intermanager.org
INTERTANKO - www.intertanko.com
The Internaonal Shipping Federaon (ISF) -www.marisec.org
The Internaonal Transport Workers Federaon (ITF) -www.iseafarers.org
The Internaonal Parcel Tankers Associaon (IPTA) - www.ipta.org.uk
The Joint Hull Commiee and The Joint War Commiee
The Oil Companies Internaonal Marine Forum (OCIMF) - www.ocimf.org
SIGTTO (The Society of Internaonal Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators) -
www.sigo.org
The Mission to Seafarers -www.missiontoseafarers.org The World Shipping Council - www.worldshipping.org
Combined Marime Forces (CMF) -
hp://www.cusnc.navy.mil/cmf/cmf_command.html
EUNAVFOR - www.eunavfor.eu
INTERPOL - www.interpol.int
The US Navy Marime Liaison Oce (MARLO) - www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo
The Marime Security Centre - Horn of Africa (MSCHOA) - www.mschoa.org NATO Shipping Centre (NSC) - hp://www.shipping.nato.int/Pages/default.aspx
Operaon Ocean Shield -
hp://www.shipping.nato.int/operaons/OS/Pages/default.aspx
The UK Marime Trade Operaons (UKMTO) -
hp://www.mschoa.org/Links/Pages/UKMTO.aspx
http://www.bimco.org/http://www.cruising.org/http://www.cruising.org/http://www.igpandi.org/http://www.icc-ccs.org/piracy-reporting-centrehttp://www.imec.org.uk/http://www.intercargo.org/http://www.intermanager.org/http://www.intertanko.com/http://www.marisec.org/http://www.itfseafarers.org/http://www.ipta.org.uk/http://www.ocimf.org/http://www.sigtto.org/http://www.missiontoseafarers.org/http://www.worldshipping.org/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/cmf/cmf_command.htmlhttp://www.eunavfor.eu/http://www.interpol.int/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlohttp://www.mschoa.org/http://www.shipping.nato.int/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.shipping.nato.int/operations/OS/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.mschoa.org/Links/Pages/UKMTO.aspxhttp://www.mschoa.org/Links/Pages/UKMTO.aspxhttp://www.shipping.nato.int/operations/OS/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.shipping.nato.int/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.mschoa.org/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlohttp://www.interpol.int/http://www.eunavfor.eu/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/cmf/cmf_command.htmlhttp://www.worldshipping.org/http://www.missiontoseafarers.org/http://www.sigtto.org/http://www.ocimf.org/http://www.ipta.org.uk/http://www.itfseafarers.org/http://www.marisec.org/http://www.intertanko.com/http://www.intermanager.org/http://www.intercargo.org/http://www.imec.org.uk/http://www.icc-ccs.org/piracy-reporting-centrehttp://www.igpandi.org/http://www.cruising.org/http://www.cruising.org/http://www.bimco.org/