BMP Utility for DOS

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BMP Utility for DOS

Image represents the intensity level by numbers from 0 to 216 and so on. There

are 2 types of images based on intensity variation viz.

Monochrome Image.

Color Image.

A monochrome image is also called a black and white image or a grey

scale image because the image is achieved by various mixing of black and white

colors. The color image, where as represent the image through intensities having

all the seven colors existing. As all these colors can be achieved by mixing

shades of red, green, blue, this is also called a RGB image.

There are 2 types of images depending upon the information they

represent viz.

2D image.

3D image.

Once any image is digitally converted the information is saved in a binary format

in an image file. An image file consist of 2 sectors such as.

A header field

The data field

The data field recedes the header field. The converted data is stored in

the data field. All the images require a huge set of memory for storing display

purpose. Memory is an expensive issue for the software developers. Hence all

the images are first compressed and then stored into the file. After compression

the image loses some of the information. An image format is said to be a good

format if it achieves higher compression ratio without losing much information.

Viewing any image requires the decompression of the file and glow the points on

the screen suitably by reading the intensity information from the file. A header

Department Of Computer Science,KBN. College Of Engineering, Gulbarga.

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BMP Utility for DOS

comprises of all the information required by a decoder which should enable the

decoder to decode the image or display the image. The BMP file format achieves

very minimum compression ratio in comparison with the other formats. Hence the

processing speed requires to display the BMP images is bit lesser in comparisonwith the other methods. We have tried to develop a BMP utility for DOS which

would display a BMP file into the DOS. There has been no such utility available

in DOS. Hence the technology is a great achiever in terms of crossing the

limitations of text based operating system and enhances its features to display

complex objects like images into the screen.

System Design and Analysis:

Present System:As we all know that DOS is a text operating system; hence it doesnt

provide a capability of displaying the image. The image viewers that are available

in the market today are all for windows services. Some of them are product

picture viewer, MS-Paint etc. All of them are capable of displaying complicated

and rich images because windows and other major operating system support

high density pixel and 32 bit quantization. Hence it was important to develop an

image viewer which would be able to display the images in DOS.

Proposed System:

The system that we are proposing here in our project is an ultimate utility

in DOS. It reads the header of the image file first and finds out the number of

rows and the columns that it needs to read out from the date segment of the

image file. It than starts reading the data from the file byte by byte and glow the

corresponding pixel in the screen with the intensity that is been read from the

image file. Hence it also needs to have the information about the byte format and

quantization factor of the encoder. Once the information of the pixel is available it

is put in the screen by assigning it to the AX register of the CPU and by


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BMP Utility for DOS

generating video interrupt. With this all the pixels are read, the image is displayed

in the screen. Time is a major factor over here as number of pixels needs to be

read, is quite high. Hence this system works best with advanced processors with

high memory support.

Implementation:

The project provides 2 different utility services:

To view all the BMP files as a graphical files present in the current

directory.

A system which accepts the file name as the input & draw the image.

The file display utility is enabled by initializing an ffblk structure with

current directory name and path. Then using the functions findfirst and findnext,

all the files in the directory are found out. The findfirst and findnext function

requires a wild card entry to know what kind of files to display. We have passed

Start.BMP as the wild card entry for the mentioned functions. Now the function

finds out all the BMP files present in the current directory. User may select from

any of this files to display that. As the user selects the filename, it is passed to a

function which would display the image. This function would open the passed

filename in the binary mode and read 0 to 55 bytes. Bytes from 0 to 55 contain

the header information. From the header information number of rows and

columns that must be read is found out. Now the control goes inside a loop which

would be continued till all the rows and columns are read out. As the rows and

columns are read they would be assigned AX and BX register of the CPU

through Union REGS structure. Now the video interrupt is generated through

int86 functions which display the image in the screen.


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BMP Utility for DOS

System Requirement:

Functional Requirement:The BMP utility displays the BMP images into the screen. Hence the most

functional and basic requirement of the system is BMP file which would be

displayed. The next thing that is important over here is the processing speed and

the processing capability of the processor to be very high and the parallel.

Processing must be fast. The RAM requirement over here is also very high

because the buffer size needed to hold the image is very high. Hence even

though the system is designed predominantly for DOS users this will not be

supported by low configuration PCs. The other requirements include:

To understand the image information: The current system cannot display

3D images. Hence the user must not pass any 3D images to the display

routine.

To have accelerated graphics card in the system. Th accelerated graphics

card are electronics devices or peripherals which present tremendous

capability to the video by providing the video driver with a memory of

above 5K. Higher the memory of the card, better the speed of the display

becomes. Without the presence of the card it would it long period to

display any image.


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BMP Utility for DOS

Software and Hardware Requirement:

Hardware Requirement: 64 KB Hard disk, 16 MB RAM.

Software Requirement: DOS, C, C-Graphics.

Non-Functional Requirement:

Testability: The system is capable of supporting various testing modelssuch as manual testing and the automatic testing.

Predominantly monochrome images are required for the display purpose.

Supporting utilities: The software must support various utilities like

zoom, rotation, color blurring, compression etc.

Advantages: It is first of its kind to show any images into DOS.

Can read image of any size lesser than 1024 by 1024 size.

Can be used to display various drives folders.

It using direct user memory hence serialization problem is removed.


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BMP Utility for DOS

Disadvantages:

View port transformation problem may cause information lose

which results in image distortion.

High memory requirement.

High processing speed is required.

Image manipulations are not possible.

Application:

It may be used to see images in DOS.

Drive information can be retrieved.

Image array extracted can be manually operated on, to give various

mathematical modifications over the image.

It may be used in PPT like package in DOS to represent various

images.

With further improvement in the hardware and graphics drivers the

same concept can be used to develop a movie player in DOS in

near future.


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Conclusion:

The project has been one of the premature efforts to display BMP images

in DOS. The system is not a perfect one as memory optimization is not been

looked after. Beside the system is too dependent on configuration of the system.

Hence the performance cannot be optimal in various PCs. It is strongly a

hardware dependent system. For more adoptivating the logic must be improved

so that the result must be same for almost all the configuration.


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BMP Utility for DOS

Bibliography:

Let us Cby Yashwanth Kanitkar.

TSR Programming by yashwanth Kanitkar.


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BMP Utility for DOS

//**********************************************************************

********//

void main()

{Init();

ReadDirc();

char* argv=" ";

getch();

cleardevice();

closegraph();

printf("Enter File Name\n");

scanf("%s",argv);

func1(argv);

closegraph();

}

//**********************************************************************

********/// SWITCH INTO GRAPHICS & SETS THE BACKGROUND

//**********************************************************************

********//

void Init()

{

int d=DETECT,m;

// for stand alone

/*

registerfarbgidriver(EGAVGA_driver_far);

registerfarbgifont(sansserif_font_far);

registerfarbgifont(small_font_far);

registerfarbgifont(gothic_font_far);

registerfarbgifont(triplex_font_far);

*/


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get_direc(text);

printf("\ncurrent directory is : %s",text);

printf("\nPress any Key to see files (*.*)...\n");

getch();initgraph(&d,&m,"d:\\tc\\bgi");

startx=50;

starty=60;

endx=600;

endy=380;

setfillstyle(1,15);

bar(0,0,640,480);

setfillstyle(1,7);

bar(0,endy+50,640,480);

win(0,0,640,starty-11,1);

setcolor(0);

rectangle(startx-49,starty-12,endx+39,endy+51);

settextstyle(2,0,4);

setcolor(15);

}

//**********************************************************************

********//

READ CURRENT DIRECTORY & DISPLAY FILES,FOLDERS

//**********************************************************************

********//

void ReadDirc()

{

struct ffblk ffblk;

char *Wildcard;

int done,x,y,dx,dy;


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BMP Utility for DOS

x=startx;y=starty;

dx=80;

dy=50;

Wildcard="*.bmp";// change wildcard (like : *.exe, *.cpp,a*.c?? etc)done = findfirst(Wildcard,&ffblk,FA_DIREC);

while (!done)

{

if(ffblk.ff_name[0]!='.')

{

if(ffblk.ff_attrib==FA_DIREC)

Show(x,y,ffblk.ff_name,FOLDER);

else

Show(x,y,ffblk.ff_name,FILE1);

x+=dx;

if(x>=endx)

{

y+=dy;

x=startx;

}

if(y>=endy)

{

getch();

y=starty;

x=startx;

setfillstyle(1,15);

bar(startx-25,starty-10,endx+35,endy+35);

}

}

done = findnext(&ffblk);

}


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}

//**********************************************************************

********//

DISPLAY SPECIFIED ICON//**********************************************************************

********//

void Icon(int x,int y,int type)

{

unsigned color,size,i;

char *ext;

color=14;

size=25;

if(type==FOLDER)

{

setcolor(color);

for(i=1;i


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bar(x+2,y+2,x+size-2,y+size-2);

setcolor(0);

rectangle(x+2,y+2,x+size-2,y+size-2);

setcolor(15);line(x+2,y+2,x+6,y+2);// --

line(x+2,y+2,x+2,y+6);// |

setcolor(0);

line(x+6,y+2,x+2,y+6);// /

line(x+2,y+6,x+6,y+6);// --

line(x+6,y+2,x+6,y+6);// |

for(i=0;i


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setcolor(0);

}

}

//******************************************************************************//

DISPLAY ICON & SHOW FILE NAME

//**********************************************************************

********//

void InitScreen(void)

{

union REGS r;

r.h.ah = 0;

r.h.al = 0x13;

int86(0x10, &r, &r);

return;

}

void ReadHeader(void)

{

int i,red[256],green[256],blue[256];

union REGS rin,rout;

//Read in header information

fread (&Header, 54, 1, gInpFile);

//Read in palette information

if(Header.bfOffBits==1078)

for(i=0;i


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void ReadImg(void)

{

union REGS rin,rout;

int i,j;/* displaying the original image */

for(i = (int)((int)Header.biHeight+20) ; i >20 ; i--){

for(j = 10 ; j


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}

void Show(int x,int y,char *name,int type)

{int T;

if(type==FILE1)

{

T=Extension(name);

if(T!=0) type=T;

}

Icon(x,y,type);

settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT,RIGHT_TEXT);


outtextxy(x+15,y+26,name);

}

//**********************************************************************

********//

RETURNS EXTENSION OF GIVEN INPUT

//**********************************************************************

********//

int Extension(char *in)

{

int t,s;

char ext[3],fn1[13];

s=strlen(in);

for(t=0;t


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{

ext[t]=fn1[3-t];

}

if(strcmpi("exe",ext)==0) return EXE;if(strcmpi("bat",ext)==0) return BAT;

if(strcmpi("com",ext)==0) return COM;

//like this more extensions can be added

return 0;

}

//**********************************************************************

********//

DISPLAY WINDOW

//**********************************************************************

********//

void win(int sx,int sy,int ex,int ey,int ck)

{

setfillstyle(1,7);

bar(sx,sy,ex,ey);

setfillstyle(1,7);

setcolor(15);

line(sx,sy,sx,ey);

line(sx,sy,ex,sy);

line(sx,sy,sx,ey);

line(sx,sy,ex,sy);

setcolor(0);

line(ex,sy,ex,ey);

line(ex,sy,ex,ey);

line(sx,ey,ex,ey);

line(sx,ey,ex,ey);

if(ck==1)


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{


setfillstyle(1,1);

bar(sx+2,sy+2,ex-2,sy+17);setcolor(15);

outtextxy(sx+4,sy+4,text);

//for x

setfillstyle(1,7);

bar(ex-15,sy+4,ex-4,sy+15);

setcolor(15);

line(ex-15,sy+4,ex-4,sy+4);


setcolor(0);



setcolor(1);

outtextxy(ex-13,sy+5,"x");

setfillstyle(1,7);

}

}

//**********************************************************************

********//

GET CURRENT DIRECTORY

//**********************************************************************

********//

char *get_direc(char *tgt)

{

strcpy(tgt, "X:\\");

tgt[0] = 'A' + getdisk();

getcurdir(0,tgt+3);


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return(tgt);

}

void func1(char* argv)

{ clrscr();printf("********************************************************\n");

printf("\t\tDISPLAYING A BMP FILE\n");

printf("********************************************************\n\n");

gInpFile = fopen(argv,"rb");

if(gInpFile==NULL)

{

printf("File not found.");

getch();

exit(0);

}

printf("Press any key to view %s",argv[1]);

getch();

InitScreen();

ReadHeader();

ReadImg();

getch();

}

Department Of Computer Science,KBN C ll Of E i i G lb

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BMP Utility for DOS

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