[email protected] ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt 1 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 –...
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Transcript of [email protected] ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt 1 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 –...
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt1
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Bruce Mayer, PERegistered Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
Engineering 22
AuxiliaryAuxiliaryViews-1Views-1
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt2
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Chp7 Learning GoalsChp7 Learning Goals
To Develop The Skill to Generate Views That Show Inclined And NonGlassBox (Oblique) Surfaces In TRUE Shape In Multiview Drawings
To Be Able to Integrate into Standard MultiView Drawings these AUXILIARY VIEWS to Clarify the Description of The Object
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt3
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Auxiliary Views AUXILIARY views are often used to show INCLINED
and OBLIQUE surfaces in TRUE SIZE. • Inclined and oblique surfaces do not show true size in the
standard views.
Auxiliary views are OrthoGraphic views taken from a direction of sight OTHER than top, front, right side, left side, bottom, or rear.
PRIMARY auxiliary views are projected onto a plane that is perpendicular to only one of the PRINCIPAL planes of projection and is inclined to the other two.
SECONDARY auxiliary views are projected from PRIMARY auxiliary views.
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt4
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Auxiliary Views - GraphicallyAuxiliary Views - Graphically
Principal faces of the above object are NOT Parallel to the standard planes of projection
The auxiliary view shows the TRUE Size and Shape of the hole feature
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt5
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Glass Box with Auxiliary Plane
• The Aux Plane Shows Surface P in TRUE Size– Observe the FORESHORTENING in the Top View
– The Aux Plane is Perpendicular to the Frontal PLANE
P
Note Folding Line is PARALLEL to Inclined Surface P
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt6
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Auxiliary Vs. Principle ViewsAuxiliary Vs. Principle Views Principle planes
• Horizontal (Top and Bottom view)
• Frontal (Front and Back view)
• Profile (Left and Right Side view)
Auxiliary views• Definition: An OrthoGraphic view that is
projected onto a plane that is NOT parallel to ANY of the PRINCIPLE planes
• Purpose: To show the TRUE shape of a detail that does not lie in one of the principle planes
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt7
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Recall Fold-Line MethodRecall Fold-Line Method A Fold Line (Hinge) May Be Placed Between Adjacent
Views To Aid In The Construction And Interpretation Of Multiview Drawings
Projection Lines Are Always Perpendicular To Fold Lines The Distance From a Fold
Line To Any Specific Point On An Object Is The Same For Any Related Views (ex. Top and Side View)• CRITICAL for DISTANCE
TRANSFER
Fold Lines Represent a 90° Rotation In Viewpoint
Use Dist-Xfer INSTEAD of Mitre-Line
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt8
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Aux View Construction – Fold LnAux View Construction – Fold Ln
1. For the Given Example Drawing With H/F Fold Line
2. Select a Direction (Line) of Sight (LoS) Perpendicular to The NonOrthographic Surface
3. Draw Folding Line F/1 Perpendicular to the LoS
4. Project Perpendicular Lines Across the Folding Line To Transfer Feature Distances Used to Construct The Aux-View. Label Vertices if Needed
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt9
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Aux. V. Construction SummaryAux. V. Construction Summary
Front Side
1. Determine the Line of Sight sight Necessary To Produce The Desired Auxiliary View
Show in TS
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt10
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Aux. V. Construction SummaryAux. V. Construction Summary
Project eachpoint
L.O.S.
2. Identify surfaces on the object. Locate vertices by Dist –Xfer and project to Aux-V.
Fold
LIneA
F
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt11
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Vertex NumberingVertex Numbering
Vertex Numbering is More Critical to Aux-View Construction Than to Principle-View Development
Recall The Vertex Numbering System From §7.6 in Text• If a POINT is VISIBLE in a Given
View, Then the Number is Placed OUTSIDE of the Corner
• If a POINT is HIDDEN, Then Place The Number on the INSIDE of the Vertex
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt12
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Primary Auxiliary ViewPrimary Auxiliary View Definition: Any view that is projected from
(adjacent to) one of the principle views and which is not parallel to any of the principle planes
A primary auxiliary view is perpendicular to Only ONE of the principle planes
ANY INCLINED surface may be shown in TRUE Shape in the Appropriate primary auxiliary view
If the fold line for an auxiliary view is PARALLEL to the EDGE VIEW of an Inclined surface then the Inclined surface will appear in TRUE shape in the auxiliary view
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt13
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Projection PlanesProjection Planes A fold line represents the Edge
View of the projection plane for the adjacent view (Frontal in this case)
A line appears in true-length if it lies in a plane parallel to the projection plane
A line which is not parallel to the projection plane appears foreshortened
A line which is perpendicular to the projection plane appears as a point
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt14
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
LinesLines
A true length line which is PERPENDICULAR to a fold line will appear as a POINT in the adjacent view
X
A line which is Parallel to a fold line will appear TRUE Length in the adjacent view
TLTL
TL
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt15
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
LinesLines
All views adjacent to a point view of a line will show the line in true length
A line which does not appear true length in any of the principle views is called an OBLIQUE line
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt16
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
SurfacesSurfaces
TS
TS
EV
A Surface appears in “true shape” (undistorted) if it is PARALLEL to the projection plane
A surface appears as an edge parallel to the fold line in all views adjacent to the true shape view of the surface
If any line on a surface appears as a point then the surface will appear as an edge
A surface which does not appear as an edge in any of the principle views is called an OBLIQUE surface
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt17
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Aux. View ClassificationAux. View Classification
DEPTH of the Object Shown in TRUE LENGTH
HEIGHT of the Object Shown in TRUE LENGTH
WIDTH of the Object Shown in TRUE LENGTH
Proj from FRONT
View
Proj from TOPView
Proj from SIDEView
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt18
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Reverse ConstructionReverse Construction
To Construct a Regular View That Contains ForeShortened Lines/Surfaces or Ellipses It is often More Efficient to FIRST Construct the TRUE-Length Auxiliary view (use dist & offset to xfer “a” or “b”)• The Regular View Can then Be constructed Using Std Methods
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt19
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Reference PlanesReference Planes
The Location is ARBITRARY → Drawer Chooses• Typical Locations → CenterLine, Object EDGES
A REFERENCE Plane is formed by moving the FOLD LINE INTO the body of the object
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt20
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Partial Auxiliary ViewsPartial Auxiliary Views
Compare to Slide-17
PARTIAL Auxiliary Views are frequently used. The entire view may be unnecessary and often is difficult to read. Partial views should be connected to the view from which it is projected by a centerline or reference line so that it does not appear lost and unrelated to the other views. A break line can be used to indicate that the view is a partial view.
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt21
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Auxiliary SectionsAuxiliary Sections
Often An OFF-ANGLE SECTIONAL VIEW is more Informative Than a Normal Projection View.
Auxiliary Sections are Constructed by Combining Aux-View Projection Techniques With the Previously Described Sectioning Methods
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt22
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Descriptive GeometryDescriptive Geometry Gaspard Monge of France Developed
“Descriptive Geometry” in Late 18th Century Successive Auxiliary Views Constitute the
Basic Technique of DG
Must go “One View Back” for Dist-Xfer
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt23
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Descriptive Geometry cont DG Uses auxiliary views to solve
engineering problems. These four auxiliary views are basic to solving problems in descriptive geometry
1. Auxiliary view to show the true length of a line.
2. Auxiliary view to show the point view of a line.
3. Auxiliary view to show the edge view of a plane.
4. Auxiliary view to show the true size of a plane.
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt24
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
True Length of a Line
A line will show TRUE length in a plane of projection which is PARALLEL to the line.
To show a line in true length, make the FOLD LINE PARALLEL to the LINE in question.
Transfer FL-to-Pt distance from “One View Back”
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt25
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Point View of a Line A line will show as a POINT
view when projected onto a plane PERPENDICULAR to a TL View.
To show a point view, choose the direction of sight parallel to the line where it is shown in true length (FL is TL View).
Xfer Dist from One View Back
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt26
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Edge View of a Plane
TL
A planar surface will show ON-EDGE in a plane of projection which shows any LINE that lies entirely WITHIN THE PLANE as a POINT view.
Choose the direction of sight parallel to a TL line lying in the plane (FL is to TL Line)
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt27
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
True Size of a Surface
TL
TL
A surface shows TRUE SIZE when projected onto a plane PARALLEL to it.
Choose the line of sight perpendicular to the edge view of the plane.
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt28
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Dihedral Angles
The angle between two planes is called a DIHEDRAL ANGLE
Use an auxiliary view to show dihedral angles in true shape → “Sight Down” the Vertex Line
EVEV EV
EV
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt29
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
AutoCAD ExampleAutoCAD Example Given Triangle ABC and The Associated Frontal & Profile Views
Find:• True Size Drawing of Triangle ABC
• The Area of the TS-Triangle Circumscribing Circle Given Scale– 1:160
– Notice the SuperScriptNotation to Indicate View
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt30
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
autoCAD Example - SolutionautoCAD Example - Solution Draw Horizontal
Construction Lines to Verify Views as Front & Side• OK → Draw F/P
Folding Line
Profile View Shows as STRAIGHT LINE• Must be an EDGE
VIEW of the Triangle plane
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt31
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
AutoCAD Example – Solution.2AutoCAD Example – Solution.2 Since Profile View is
EV, The LoS for TS will be to EV• Thus Strike P/1 FL to
Right of Profile View
Using FL P/1 Extend Construction Lines into Aux View
In Front-V Measure Offset Distances to Locate Pts in Aux-V
NOTE: Aux-View No. 1 is a.k.a. “1-Space”
ConnectDots
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt32
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
AutoCAD Example – Solution.3AutoCAD Example – Solution.3
TRUE Size
Draw TS Triangle in Aux View-1 Use Geometric Construction to Make Circle
• Construct -Bisectors from Two Sides to Locate Circle-Center; use ACAD “3P” option to Draw circ.
• Use Ruler to measure Circle Diameter on Drawing
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt33
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
AutoCAD Example – Solution.4AutoCAD Example – Solution.4
42dAcirle
Scale Diameter• [1 dwg-mm] = [160 RealWorld-mm]
mmmRWmmdwg
mmRWmmdwgdreal 68.77680
1
16048
Finally the Real World Area
22 32.46468.7 mmA
Calculate REAL-World Area for Circle
For Any Circle
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt34
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
aCAD Example – Distortion FactoraCAD Example – Distortion Factor Use CAD To Calc The Area of the FrontV
(ForeShortented) and AuxV (True Size) Triangles
Calc Linear Foreshortening Factor
%06.93627543 TSFS AADF
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt35
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
All Done for TodayAll Done for Today
AuxilliaryViews
NORMAL SURFACES are either vertical or horizontal planes that are parallel to the the six principal planes of projection or normal views.
INCLINED SURFACES are sloping upward or downward at some angle to the horizontal plane of projection or top view.
ANGLED SURFACES are vertical surfaces that are at some angle to the front, back or side views. OBLIQUE SURFACES are at some angle to ALL sides of the object
[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-13_Aux_View-1.ppt36
Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
Bruce Mayer, PELicensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
Engr/Math/Physics 25
AppendiAppendixx
6972 23 xxxxf