• Bluetooth Low Energy

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Bluetooth low energy

1 Bluetooth low energy (or Bluetooth LE, or BLE, marketed as Bluetooth Smart) is a wireless computer network technology designed and marketed by the privately held Bluetooth SIG

which is aimed at novel applications in the healthcare, fitness, security, and home entertainment industries. Compared to

"Classic" Bluetooth, BLE is intended to provide considerably reduced power consumption and

lower cost, while maintaining a similar communication range (see table below).

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Bluetooth low energy - Compatibility

1 The Bluetooth low energy protocol is not backward compatible with the

previous (often called 'Classic') Bluetooth protocol. The Bluetooth 4.0

specification permits devices to implement either, or both, of the LE

and Classic systems. Those that implement both are known as

Bluetooth 4.0 dual-mode devices.

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Bluetooth low energy - Target market

1 One of the major adopters of the Bluetooth low energy protocol stack

is the Continua Health Alliance targeting vital monitoring in

healthcare.

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Bluetooth low energy - History

1 After further development with partners, e.g., within EU FP6 project MIMOSA, the

technology was released to public in October 2006 with brand name Wibree.

After negotiations with Bluetooth SIG members, in June 2007, an agreement was reached to include Wibree in future Bluetooth specification as a Bluetooth

ultra-low-power technology, now known as Bluetooth low energy technology.

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Bluetooth low energy - History

1 Integration of Bluetooth low energy technology with version 4.0 of the

Core Specification was completed in early 2010. The first device to

implement v4.0 spec was the iPhone 4S which came out in October 2011,

with a number of other manufacturers bringing out v4.0

devices in 2012.

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Bluetooth low energy - Radio interface

1 Instead of Bluetooth technology's 79 1-MHz wide channels, Bluetooth low

energy technology has 40 2-MHz wide channels

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Bluetooth low energy - Radio interface

1 Bluetooth low energy technology uses frequency hopping to counteract

narrowband interference problems. Classic Bluetooth also uses frequency hopping but the details are different; as a result, while

both FCC and ETSI classify Bluetooth technology as an FHSS scheme, Bluetooth

low energy technology is classified as a system using digital modulation techniques

or a direct-sequence spread spectrum.

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Bluetooth low energy - Radio interface

1 Technical Specification Classic Bluetooth technology Bluetooth low energy

technology

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Bluetooth low energy - Software model

1 All Bluetooth Low Energy devices use the Generic Attribute Profile (GATT).

The application programming interface offered by a Bluetooth LE-

aware operating system will typically be based around GATT concepts.

GATT has the following terminology:

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