Bluetooth & CDMA 2000

8/13/2019 Bluetooth & CDMA 2000

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By-PRAKRITI

ME-IT

Roll No.-12616


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Definition

Origin

Bluetooth Network Topology

Bluetooth Architecture

Bluetooth Protocol Stack

Security

Advantages


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Bluetooth is a wireless protocol for exchanging data

over short distances from fixed and mobile devices,

creating Personal Area Networks (PANs).

It enables users to exchange, transfer and synchronize

data without having to cable devices together, merely

by having the devices come within range of each

other


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Promoters wants their products to move in the market

Choice of Cable Replacement

Their Products should run on batteries

Products should be reliable and Resilient Widely available

Inexpensive

Convenient

Easy to Use


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Bluetooth is named after 10thcentury king, Harald

Bluetooth ,who united Denmark and Norway.


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1994 The revolution started by Ericsson

1998 The Bluetooth Special Interest Group {SIG} is formed5 founding members -Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Intel &

ToshibaPromoters Group - 3COM, Lucent, Microsoft,Motorola

1999 Bluetooth 1.0 specification released

2004Bluetooth version 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate)introduced

2007

Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 introduced


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Master Slave Concept Master Controls All traffic in the Network

Piconet

It is defined by its Frequency hopping Sequence

Scatternet


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One machine which is connected to one or

more devices That type of connection iscalled Piconet

The Bluetooth piconet consists of 1 masterdevice and up to 7 slave devices

Slaves cannot communicate directly witheach other

Priority based scheduling

The master defines the priority in thepiconet

Master determines the Frequency hoppingsequences

Slave2 Slave 3

Slave1

Master

PICONET


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A scatternet is formed by interconnecting multiplepiconets

Piconet interconnection is reached by devices

(connecting devices) participating in multiple

piconets


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Baseband

Bluetooth Radio

Link Manager LM)udio

Application

L2CAP

RFCOMM SDPSC

OBEX

TCP/IPPPP ATCommands

HCI


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Bluetooth units forming a piconet.

It is roughly equivalent to physical layer of the internet

model.


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The Baseband and Link Control layer enables the

physical RF link between units forming piconet.

It provides 2 different kind of physical links Synchronous Connection-Oriented

Asynchronous Connectionless


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Audio data can be transferred between one or more

Bluetooth devices and audio data in SCO packets is

routed directly to and from Baseband and it does not go

through L2CAP.

Audio model is relatively simple within Bluetooth


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Responsible for link set-up between Bluetooth devices.

LMP is used for

Sending &Receiving dataAuthentication Purpose

Link Setup and Configuration.


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Provides connection-oriented and connectionless data

services.

The main functions of L2CAP are

Multiplexing

Segmentation and reassembly of packets

Maintain QoS (quality of service)

Group Management


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Host controller interface (HCI) is used for accessing the

Bluetooth Baseband, Hardware Status, Control

Register.


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This gives device information, services and the

characteristics of the services can be queried to

establish a connection.


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RFCOMM- The RFCOMM protocol is the basis for the

cable replacement usage of Bluetooth.

It is a transport protocol with additional provisions for

emulating the 9 circuits of RS-232 serial ports over

L2CAP part of the bluetooth protocol stack.


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TELEPHONY CONTROL BINARY

The TCS binary protocol defines the call control

signaling for the establishment of speech and data

calls between bluetooth devices.

TELEPHONY CONTROL-AT COMMANDS

Bluetooth SIG has defined the set of AT-commands

by which a mobile phone and modem can becontrolled in the multiple usage models.


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PPP- PPP is designed to run over RFCOMM toaccomplish point-to-point connections.

TCP/UDP/IP- used for communication across theInternet.

OBEX-session protocol developed by the Infrared

Data Association (IrDA) to exchange objects in asimple and spontaneous manner.


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It is used for transferring E-MAIL, files etc.

It uses different protocols like PPP (Point to

Point Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol)etc.


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During pairing, an initialization key or master key is

generated

The stream cipher is used for encrypting

packets,granting confidentiality.

Authentication and encryption is provided at the Link

Manager layer. The PIN is translated into a 128 bit link key which is

used for authentication.

After authentication the radios will settle on a

suitable length encryption key to be used. Bluetooth relies on PIN codes to establish trusted

relationships between devices.


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LookingForward

Version 1.2 Ready for release

Adaptive Frequency hopping for better noiseimmunity

Better security and audio processing features Version 2.0

Still on the anvil

Proposed to support medium ( 2-3 Mbps) andhigh bit rates (12 Mbps)


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Connects without wires

Inexpensive

Automatic

Interoperability.


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Low Interference

Low Energy Consumption

Shares all: voice and data

Upgradeable


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CDMA2000 features

Advantages

CDMA standards

Security


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CDMA is the present and future of advanced wireless

services Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a spread

spectrum technology used in second and third generationwireless networks

CDMA made highly efficient use of radio spectrum,enabling wireless networks to handle more userssimultaneously.

It was capable of supporting the advanced multimediaservices foreseen by the technology visionaries. CDMA

forms the foundation for the two most widely adopted 3Gstandards-CDMA2000 and WCDMA (UMTS).


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CDMA2000 is a hybrid 2.5G / 3G technology of mobiletelecommunications standards that use CDMA

Developed for both FDD(Mobile Radio) and TDD(in-

building cordless) applications

CDMA Standards CDMA2000 1xRTT,

CDMA2000 EV-DO, and

CDMA2000 EV-DV

Less expensive


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Leading performance Efficient use of spectrum

Support for advanced mobile services

Devices selection

Seamless evolution path Flexibility


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Superior Voice Clarity

High-Speed Broadband Data Connectivity

Low End-to-End Latency

Increased Voice and Data Throughput Capacity Flexible Network Architecture

Global Roaming

Improved Security and Privacy

Lower Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)


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Also known as 1x, 1xRTT and IS-2000

Based on CDMA Platform

Developed by Qualcomm

CDMA version of the IMT-2000 standard which was

developed by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU).

1x meaning 1 times the original Cdma One channel

Bandwidthor 1 times the Radio Transmission Technology"

or amulti carrier mode with only one carrier Single 1.25 MHz Radio Channel is used.


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Voice Capacity:Supports 33-35 up to 40 simultaneous voicecalls per single 1.25 MHz FDD channel. A new codec, 4GV,for CDMA2000 1X will increase voice capacity by 40%.

High-Speed Data:Release 0 supports bi-directional peak datarates of up to 153 kbps and an average of 60-100 kbps incommercial networks in a 1.25 MHz channel. Release 1 candeliver peak data rates of up to 307 kbps.

Applications: Supports circuit-switched voice, shortmessaging service (SMS), multimedia messaging service(MMS), games, GPS-based location services, music and videodownloads


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High Data Rate (HDR) packet standard, a cost effective, high-speed, high-capacity wireless technology.

1xEV specification was developed by the Third GenerationPartnership Project 2 (3GPP2)

Versatile-

can be embedded in handsets, laptops , etc.

support e-mail, web browsing, e-commerce and many otherapplications.

Flexible-

can be deployed as a stand-alone system, side-by-side withan existing or future voice system, or

integrated into a current CDMA voice system.


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Deliver high-performing, more cost-effective wireless dataservices to customer

Compatible with CDMA voice systems and allows for side-

by-side deployment to complement existing cellular/PCS

networks.


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Use of a single 1.25 MHz channel optimized for packet dataresults in greatest spectral efficiency.

Peak data rate of 2.4 Mbps on the forward link and 307 kbps

on the reverse link provides unprecedented speed i.e Air linkprovides up to 2.4 Mbps in a dedicated 1.25 MHz channel

Average throughput on a loaded sector is an estimated 600kbps on the forward link and 220 kbps on the reverse link

Dynamically assigned data rate adjusts as rapidly as every1.67 mSec, providing every subscriber with the best possiblerate at any given moment


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HDR's(High Data Rate)approach places data and voice on

separate carriers ,allowing better optimization for each.

Simplifies system software development and testing

Eases system operation and maintenance

Avoids difficult load-balancing tasks

Ideal data design complements existing and future voice

networks

Dual-mode device can be integrated to provide optimumvoice and data services


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1xEV-DO refers to 1x Evolution-Data Optimized Alternative to Wideband CDMA (WCDMA)

It uses multiplexing techniques including Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA) as well as Time division

multiple access (TDMA) to maximize both individualuser's throughput and the overall system throughput

Enables individuals to:

send and receive email with large file attachments,

play real-time interactive games,

receive and send high-resolution pictures and video download video and music content or stay wirelessly

connected to their office PCs all from the samemobile device.


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Traditional operators with an existing voice networkpreferred deploying DV, since it does not require an overlay.

Other design engineers, and newer operators without a 1xvoice network, preferred EV-DO because it did not have to

be backward compatible, and so could explore different pilotstructures, reverse link silence periods, improved control

channels, etc. Network cost: Lower sinceEV-DO uses an IP network and

does not require a SS7 network and complex networkswitches such as a mobile switching center (MSC).

Equipment: Was not available for EV-DV in time to meet

market demands whereas the EV-DO equipment and mobileapplication-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) were availableand tested by the time the EV-DV standard was completed.

Implementation: EV-DV standard was less attractive tooperators, and has not been implemented.


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Applications MMS

Streaming Video

Broadcasts GPS


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3G Technologies add more security protocols, including theuse of 128-bit privacy and authentication keys

Algorithms:

Secure Hashing Algorithm-1 (SHA-1) are being used forhashing and integrity, and

Advanced Encryption Standard, AES (Rijndael) algorithm

for message encryption.


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THANX!!!!!!

Bluetooth & CDMA 2000

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