Mission Area: Healthy Oceans, Seas, and Coastal and Inland ...
Blue bio-economy - unlocking the potential of seas and oceans
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Presentation by Árni M. Mathiesen Assistant Director-General Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations International Conference Growth in Blue Bio- economy, NORDIC HOUSE • TÓRSHAVN FAROE ISL ANDS • 2-3 JUNE 2015 Blue bio-economy - unlocking the potential of seas and oceans
Transcript of Blue bio-economy - unlocking the potential of seas and oceans
Presentation by Árni M. Mathiesen Assistant Director-General
Fisheries and Aquaculture DepartmentFood and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations
International Conference Growth in Blue Bio-economy,NORDIC HOUSE • TÓRSHAVN
FAROE ISL ANDS • 2-3 JUNE 2015
Blue bio-economy - unlocking the potential of seas and oceans
What is the potential?
Primary ProductionMean NPP (g/m^2/yr) Total Continental 773Total Marine 113
What is the potential?
Capture Fisheries
Marine Fresh
Aquaculture Marine Fresh
Brackish Finfish Bivalves Seaweed
Crustaceans
What are we achieving now?
What are we achieving now?Fish production and utilization
1950 '55 '60 '65 '70 '75 '80 '85 '90 '95 2000 '05 '10 150
30
60
90
120
150
180
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21Aquaculture for human consumptionCapture for human con-sumption
Fish production
(million tonnes live weight) Per capita fish supply (kg)
Excluding aquatic plants. 2014/2015: estimates/forecast
What are we achieving now?Capture fisheries production
million tonnes live weight
Including aquatic plants
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20130
20000000
40000000
60000000
80000000
100000000
Marine areas
Freshwater fishes11%
Diadromous fishes
2%
Marine fishes71%
Crustaceans7%
Molluscs7% Miscellaneous
aquatic animals1%
Aquatic plants1%
2013
million tonnes live weight
Including aquatic plants
Freshwater fishes41%
Diadromous fishes5%
Marine fishes2%
Crustaceans7%
Molluscs16%
Miscellaneous aquatic animals
1%
Aquatic plants28%
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20130
20000000
40000000
60000000
80000000
100000000
Brackishwater
Marine
Freshwater
2013
What are we achieving now?Aquaculture production
Share of fish in animal protein
• >20% for more than 3 billion people
• >50% in many developing countries: Maldives (72%), Sierra Leone (68%), Cambodia(66%), Bangladesh (56%), Sri Lanka(56%), Indonesia (55%), Ghana (52%)
A source of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Important for optimal brain and neural system development in children (1000 day window!)
Lowers the risk of coronary heart disease related (CHD) mortality.
A daily intake of 250 mg of EPA and DHA per adult gives optimal protection against CHD.
At least two meals of fish a week!
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Fish and Nutrition
Fisheries Important Employer Employment growth in FI + AQ higher than in traditional
agriculture Millions of people are directly engaged in the fisheries sector Women represent half of those involved in fisheries FI + AQ support the livelihoods of 12 % of the global population
Marine and Fresh water
NASA Planet Earth Photo
About 72% of the Earth’s surface, with about 97 in oceans
BUT
Share of fishery products in total supply
% 1998 2011
Calories 1.1 1.3
Proteins 6.0 6.7
Where is the potential?
We are only using a fraction of the Ocean Space today.
Are there limits? Yes ( Technical, Environmental)
What are the limits? We don’t know
Why do we need to unlock the potential?
805 million people estimated to be suffering from chronic hunger in 2012–14, down 100 million in the last decade.
The vast majority, 791 million, live in developing countries.
Hunger
1990-92 2000-02 2005-07 2009-11 2012-14700
750
800
850
900
950
1,000
1,050
1,100
1014.5
929.9 946.2
840.5805.3
994.1
908.7 930.8
824.9790.7
WorldDeveloping regions
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
WORLD 1 014.5 18.7 929.9 14.9 946.2 14.3 840.5 12.1 805.3 11.3
Number of undernourished (millions) and prevalence (%) of undernourishment
1990–92 2000–02 2005–07 2008–10 2012–14*
Vitamin A deficiency Causes blindness.250 million preschool children affected.Iron deficiencyAnaemia contributes to 20% of all maternal deaths.40% of preschool children anaemic in developing countries.Iodine deficiency Impairing cognitive development in children54 countries still iodine-deficient
Millions of children suffering nutrition deficiency
Source: WHO
805 million hungry people
Source: WHO
Trend Worldwide obesity has nearly doubled since 1980.
Adults (aged 20 or older) More than 1.4 billion (35% of total) overweight in
2008 Over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women
(11 % of total) obese in 2008.Children (under the age of 5)
More than 40 million children overweight or obese in 2012.
Billions of obese or overweight people
Source: WHO
Food security and nutrition status
Hunger hand-in-hand with poverty
Contribution of fish to human nutritionFish provides high quality animal protein Fish especially important to countries with low
animal protein intake
Vitamin A
Protein
DHAEPA
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
Zinc
Iron
Calcium
Selenium
Iodine
Fish, a source of nutrients Daily need (RDI) for children:
DHA+EPA (Ω-3); seafood main source 150 (250) µg
Vitamin A;250 million preschool children deficient
150 (250) mg
Iron; 1.6 billion people deficient
8.9 mg (at 10% bioavailability)
Iodine; seafood natural source, 2 billion people deficient
120 µg
Zinc; 800 000 child deaths per year
5.6 mg(at moderate
bioavailability)
World
LIFDCs
Latin America & Caribbean
Northern America
Oceania
Europe
Africa
Asia
0 5 10 15 20 25
Share in total animal pro-tein (%)Per capita fish con-sumption (kg)
Socioeconomic contribution of aquaculture and fisheries
• .
OECD-FAO Fish Model Projections (2023)
Source: OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2014-2023 (Table A.26.2). Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2011-13 average.Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red.
WB-FAO-IFPRI Fish to 2030 Projections
Source: World Bank Report on Fish to 2030 (Table 3.7). Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2006. Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red
Country/
region
Fish Demand (2030) Total
fish prod. (2012,
mil. tonne)
S-D gap2030
(col. 4 minus col. 3)
kg/cap.Total (mil. tonne
)
WORLD
29.1 261.2
156.5 -104.7
S.S. Africa
10.8 15.1
6.9 -8.2
L.A. & C.
12.2 18.3
14.8 -3.4
N. Africa
12.9 3.7
2.8 -0.8
Europe
27.3 23.4
16.0 -7.4
N. America
29.8 12.9
6.7 -6.1
Oceania
31.9 1.8
1.4 -0.3
Asia
37.0 186.3
107.8 -78.5
Future fish supply and demand projections
FAO/FI Fish Supply-Demand Gap Projections
Source: Estimation of FI/FAO (preliminary results)Main assumptions: 1) Per capita fish demand affected by income growth. 2) Fish price unchanged. 3) Preference over fish unchanged
JapanChina
Australia and New ZealandNorthern America
EuropeAsia and Pacific dev.ing
Northern AfricaLatin America and Caribbean
Sub-Saharan AfricaIndia
WORLD
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
49.943.0
30.123.122.4
25.017.6
11.38.3
6.820.9
2011-13 (Average)2023
Per capita fish consumption (kg)
How do we unlock the potential?
FAO Blue Growth InitiativeAim: To contribute to the promotion of sustainable use and conservation of aquatic living resources
Four components:
Capture Fisheries
Aquaculture
Ecosystem services contributing to livelihoods, and
Trade/markets/post harvest and social support
The Blue Growth InitiativeTo promote the sustainable use and
conservation of the aquatic renewable resources
Aim
Four Main Components
• Fisheries• Aquacultur
e
• Livelihoods and food systems
• Eco-system Services
Global
• Implementation of International Instruments and EAF
• Combat IUU fishing
• Reduction of Over-capacity, restoring fish stocks, habitats and aquatic biodiversity
• GAAP• International advocacy and coop
Regional
• Regional Initiative on Blue Growth (FAO RAP)
• Regional Fisheries Bodies
• Other FAO Regional Initiatives
Country level
•Development and implementation of national policies and strategies for blue growth
•BGI-RAP, regional
•BGI-RNE, regional, sub-regional
•BGI- RAF, national, sub-regional
Capture Fisheries:
Increase, Sunken Billions, CCRF, EAF. Biological management and conservation, business management, political/economic
management.
Contribution to Blue Growth :- 10 - 20 million
tons
- USD 50-100 billion annually
Capture fisheries are an important source of food, nutrition, employment and income for millions of people, particularly in remote rural areas
- Capture fisheries face serious challenges: Degraded environment and ecosystems Overexploited fish stocks IUU fishing Climate change and ocean acidification
Other or “novel” ecosystem services:
Mangroves, storm/wave bulwarks, sea-grass carbon sequestration and UN-REDD, greater symbiosis with crops (rice etc./fish production, fertilizer/pesticide
runoffs), tourism (nature, culinary, culture), salt beds
Contribution to Blue Growth: The sky’s the limit !!!
Trade/markets/post harvest and social support:
Waste reduction, non-food v. food utilization, customs tariff issues, most traded, social complexities in Small Scale Fisheries.
Contribution to Blue growth:
• From non-food: 10 million tonnes • From waste
food: 15 million tonnes
Aquaculture:
GAAP, EAA, biological management and conservation (incl. bio-security), business management, planning and regulatory
implementationContribution toBlue Growth:
• 50-100 million tonnes a year
Blue Growth Initiative funding
51 ongoing programmes and projects Overall total budget USD 323 million
USD 77 million managed by FAO (including USD 5.2 million from assessed contributions)
USD 246 million co-funding managed by others
COFI Blue Growth Working Group
COFI working group on Blue Growth is being set up in LinkedIn
Work with the COFI Bureau and member countries will be intensified leading up to COFI2016.
Global Network for Blue Growth and Food Security
Blue Growth + Essential Investment readiness facility
Innovation and knowledge
Pathways
SCIENCE
INFORMATION
POLICY
PROJECTS
SCALING UP INVESTMENTS
