bls_1465-72_1966.pdf

Area Wage Survey

The Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Michigan,Metropolitan Area

May 1966

Y ~ ~ i\ m u s k e g o n

Muskegon\*Muskegqn Heights

Bulletin No. 1465-72

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Area Wage Survey

The Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Michigan,Metropolitan Area

May 1966

Bulletin No. 1465-72Ju ly 1966

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 2 5 cents


Preface

The B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s p r o g r a m o f annual o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s is d e s ig n e d to p r o v id e data on o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w age p r o v i s i o n s . It y ie ld s d e t a i le d data by s e l e c t e d in d u stry d iv i s i o n s f o r e a ch o f the a r e a s s tu died , f o r e c o n o m i c r e g i o n s , and f o r the United S tates . A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the p r o g r a m is the n e e d f o r g r e a t e r in s ig h t into ( l ) the m o v e m e n t o f w a ges b y o c c u p a t io n a l c a t e g o r y and s k i l l l e v e l , and (2) the s t r u c tu re and l e v e l o f w a g e s a m on g a r e a s and in d u s t r y d iv is io n s .

At the end o f e a c h s u r v e y , an in d iv id u a l a r e a b u l le t in p r e s e n t s s u r v e y r e s u l t s f o r e a c h a r e a s tu d ied . A f te r c o m p le t i o n o f a l l o f the in d iv id u a l a r e a b u l le t in s f o r a rou nd o f s u r v e y s , a t w o - p a r t s u m m a r y b u l le t in i s i s s u e d . The f i r s t p a rt b r in g s data f o r e a c h o f the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s s tu d ied into one b u l le t in . The s e c o n d p a rt p r e s e n t s i n f o r m a t io n w h ich has b e e n p r o j e c t e d f r o m in d iv id u a l m e t r o po l i tan a r e a data to r e la t e to e c o n o m i c r e g io n s and the U nited States .

E ig h t y - f i v e a r e a s c u r r e n t ly a r e in c lu d e d in the p r o g r a m . In fo r m a t io n on o c c u p a t io n a l e a rn in g s is c o l l e c t e d annually in e a c h a r e a . I n fo r m a t io n on e s ta b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s i s o b ta in e d b i e n n ia l ly in m o s t o f the a r e a s .

T h is b u l le t in p r e s e n t s r e s u l t s o f the s u r v e y in M u sk eg on —M u sk e g o n H eigh ts , M ic h . , in M a y 1966. The Standard M e t r o p o l i t a n S ta t is t ic a l A r e a , as d e f in e d by the B u re a u o f the B u dget th rou g h M a r c h 1965, c o n s i s t s o f M u sk e g o n C ounty . T h is study w as c o n d u c te d b y the B u reau 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in C le v e la n d , O hio , John W. L eh m a n , D i r e c t o r ; b y A l f r e d J. V e i t , u n d er the d i r e c t i o n o f E d w a rd C h aiken . The study w as u n d er the g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f E l l io t t A . B r o w a r , A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r f o r W ages and In d u s tr ia l R e la t io n s .

Contents

P a g e

I n tro d u c t io n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1W age t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s _______________________________ 4

T a b le s :

1. E s ta b l i s h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y andn u m b e r s t u d i e d ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

2. In d exes o f s ta n d a rd w e e k ly s a l a r i e s and s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r lye a rn in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , and p e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s -------------------------------------------------------------- 4

A . O c cu p a t io n a l e a r n in g s :*A - l . O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n and w o m e n ----------------------------------------- 5A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t i o n s —

m e n and w o m e n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6A - 3. O f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s —

m e n and w o m e n c o m b i n e d -------------------------------------------------------- 7A - 4 . M a in ten an ce and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a t i o n s ____________________ 8A - 5 . C u sto d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ____________ 9

B. E s ta b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w age p r o v i s i o n s : *B - l . M in im u m e n tra n ce s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s ___ 10B - 2 . Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s ________________________________________________ 11B - 3 . S ch e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ________________________________________ 12B - 4 . P a id h o l id a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13B - 5 . P a id v a c a t i o n s ____________________________________________________ 14B - 6 . Health , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s ________________________ 16B - 7 . H ealth in s u r a n c e b e n e f i t s p r o v id e d e m p lo y e e s and

th e ir d e p e n d e n ts --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17B - 8 . P r o f i t - s h a r i n g p l a n s ____________________________________________ 18

A p p e n d ix e s :A . C h an ges in o c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s _________________________________ 19B. O c cu p a t io n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21

* N O T E : S im i la r tabu la t ion s a r e a v a i la b le f o r o th era r e a s . (See in s id e b a c k c o v e r . )

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Area Wage Survey—

The Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich., Metropolitan AreaIntroduction

T h is a r e a is 1 o f 85 in w h ich the U. S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s co n d u c ts s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l ea rn in gs and re la te d w age b en e f its on an a r e a w id e b a s i s . In this a rea , data w e r e ob ta in ed by p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e ld e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e senta tive e s t a b l is h m e n ts w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u stry d i v i s i o n s : M a n u fa c tu r in g ; t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b l ic u t i l i t ie s ; w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f in a n ce , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta t e ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u stry g ro u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th ese s tu d ies a re g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s and the c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s . E s ta b l is h m e n ts hav ing f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a re o m itted b e c a u s e they tend to fu r n is h in s u f f i c ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t io n s stu died to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . S ep a r a te tabulations are p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s w h ich m e e t p u b l i c a t io n c r i t e r i a .

T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u cte d on a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e of the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a l l e s ta b l i s h m e n ts . To obta in op t im u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n of la r g e than o f s m a l l e s ta b l i s h m e n ts is s tu d ied . In co m b in in g the data, h o w e v e r , all e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e g iv e n th e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e igh t. E s t im a te s b a s e d on the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s tu d ied a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e f o r e , as re la t in g to a l l e s ta b l i s h m e n ts in the in d u stry grou p in g and area , e x c e p t f o r th ose b e l o w the m in im u m s i z e s tu d ied .

O ccu p a t io n s and E a rn in gs * 3The o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r study a re c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y

o f m a n u fa c tu r in g and n on m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s , and a r e o f the f o l l o w in g t y p e s : ( l ) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ic a l ;(3) m a in te n a n ce and p o w e r p la n t ; and (4) c u s t o d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m en t . O ccu p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n i fo r m s e t o f j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s ig n e d to take a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r ia t io n in du ties w ith in the s a m e jo b . The o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r study are l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in app en d ix B. E a rn in g s data f o r s o m e of the o c c u p a t io n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d a r e not p r e s e n t e d in the A - s e r i e s ta b les b e c a u s e e ith e r ( l ) e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t io n is too s m a l l to p r o v id e enough data to m e r i t p r e se n ta t io n , o r (2) th e re is p o s s i b i l i ty o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t data .

O cc u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a re sh ow n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th ose h ire d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s ch e d u le in the g iv e n o c c u p a t io n a l c la s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s data e x c lu d e p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and late s h i f t s . N o n p ro d u ct io n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s and in ce n t iv e ea rn in g s a r e in c lu d ed . W h e re w eek ly h o u rs are

r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o rk s c h e d u le s ( ro u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a l f h our) f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s f o r th ese o c c u p a t io n s have b e e n rou nd ed to the n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r .

The a v e r a g e s p r e s e n t e d r e f l e c t c o m p o s i t e , a re a w id e e s t i m a t e s . In d u s tr ies and e s ta b l i s h m e n ts d i f f e r in pay le v e l and j o b s ta f f in g and, thus, con tr ib u te d i f f e r e n t ly to the e s t im a te s f o r each jo b . The pay re la t io n s h ip o b ta in ab le f r o m the a v e r a g e s m a y fa i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e ly the w age s p r e a d o r d i f f e r e n t ia l m a in ta in ed am on g j o b s in in d iv id ua l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . S im i la r ly , d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e pay le v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in any o f the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s should not be a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in pay tr e a t m e n t o f the s e x e s w ithin in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . O ther p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s w h ich m a y c o n t r i b ute to d i f f e r e n c e s in pay f o r m e n and w o m e n in c lu d e : D i f f e r e n c e s inp r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s ta b l i s h e d ra te ra n g e s , s in c e on ly the actual ra tes pa id in cu m b en ts a re c o l l e c t e d ; and d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c du ties p e r f o r m e d , a lthough the w o r k e r s a re a p p r o p r ia t e ly c l a s s i f i e d within the s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n . Job d e s c r i p t i o n s u sed in c la s s i fy in g e m p lo y e e s in th ese s u r v e y s a r e u su a l ly m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than th ose u se d in in d iv id u a l e s ta b l i s h m e n ts and a l lo w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m on g e s ta b l i s h m e n ts in the s p e c i f i c d u ties p e r f o r m e d .

O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t the total in a l l e s ta b l i s h m e n ts w ith in the s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m ber a c tu a l ly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s tru c tu re a m on g e s ta b l i s h m e n ts , the e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in ed f r o m the s a m p le o f e s ta b l i s h m e n ts s tu d ied s e r v e on ly to in d icate the r e la t iv e i m p o r t a n c e o f the j o b s s tu d ied . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s tr u c t u r e do not m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t the a c c u r a c y o f the ea rn in g s data.

E s ta b l i s h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n ta ry W age P r o v i s i o n s

I n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d ( in the B - s e r i e s ta b les ) on s e le c t e d e s ta b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w age p r o v i s i o n s as they r e la t e to plant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , ex e cu t iv e , and p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s who a r e u t i l iz e d as a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . "P la n t w o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o rk in g f o r e m e n and a l l n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s ( inc lu din g le a d m e n and tr a in e e s ) en g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e fu n c t io n s . " O f f i c e w o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o rk in g s u p e r v i s o r s and n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d fu n c t io n s . C a fe t e r ia w o r k e r s and r o u te m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s , but in c lud ed in n on m an u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s .

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M in im u m en tra n ce s a l a r i e s (tab le B - l ) r e la t e on ly to the e s ta b l ish m e n ts v i s i t e d . T h ey a re p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f e s ta b l i s h m e n ts with f o r m a l m in im u m e n tr a n c e s a la r y p o l i c i e s .

Shift d i f f e r e n t ia l data (tab le B - 2 ) a r e l im ite d to p lant w o r k e r s in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s . T h is in fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d both in t e r m s o f ( l ) e s ta b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , 1 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f to ta l plant w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t , and (2) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f w o r k e r s a c tu a l ly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c i f i e d sh ift at the t im e o f the s u r v e y . In e s ta b l i s h m e n ts hav ing v a r i e d d i f f e r e n t ia ls , the am ou nt app ly in g to a m a j o r i t y w as u se d o r , if no a m ou nt app lied to a m a jo r i t y , the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o t h e r " w as u se d . In e s ta b l i s h m e n ts in w hich s o m e l a t e - s h i f t h o u rs a r e paid at n o r m a l r a te s , a d i f f e r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d only if it ap p l ied to a m a j o r i t y o f the sh ift h o u r s .

The s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs ( tab le B -3 ) o f a m a j o r i t y o f the f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s in an e s ta b l i s h m e n t a r e tabulated as app ly in g to all o f the plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f that e s ta b l i s h m e n t . Paid h o l id a y s ; paid v a c a t i o n s ; health, in su r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s ; and p r o f i t - s h a r i n g p lans ( ta b les B - 4 through B -8 ) a r e t r e a te d s t a t is t ic a l ly on the b a s is that th e se a r e a p p l ic a b le to a ll plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f su ch w o r k e r s a re e l ig ib le o r m a y even tu a l ly quali fy f o r the p r a c t i c e s l i s te d . Su m s o f in d iv id ua l i t e m s in ta b le s B - 2 th rou gh B - 8 m a y not equal to ta ls b e c a u s e o f rou nd ing .

D ata on pa id h o l id a y s (tab le B -4 ) a r e l im ite d to data on h o l i d a y s gran ted annually on a f o r m a l b a s i s ; i . e . , ( l ) a re p r o v id e d f o rin w r it te n f o r m , o r (2) h ave b e e n e s ta b l i s h e d by c u s t o m . H ol idays o r d in a r i l y gra n ted a r e in c lu d ed e v en though they m a y fa l l on a n o n w o rk d a y , even if the w o r k e r is not g ran ted another day o f f . The f i r s t p a r t o f the paid h o l id a y s tab le p r e s e n t s the n u m b e r of w h o le and half h o l id a y s a c tu a l ly g ra n ted . The s e c o n d p a r t c o m b i n e s w hole and half h o l id a y s to sh ow to ta l h o l id a y t i m e .

The s u m m a r y o f v a c a t io n p lan s ( tab le B -5 ) is l im i t e d to f o r m a l p o l i c i e s , ex c lu d in g in fo r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s w h e r e b y t im e o f f with pay is g ran ted at the d i s c r e t i o n o f the e m p lo y e r . E s t im a te s e x c lu d e v a c a t i o n - s a v in g s p lan s and th o s e w h ich o f f e r " e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t i c a l " b e n e f i t s b e y o n d b a s i c p lan s to w o r k e r s with q ua li fy in g lengths o f s e r v i c e . T y p i c a l o f su ch e x c lu s i o n s a re plan s in the s tee l , a lu m in u m , and ca n in d u s t r ie s . S ep ar ate e s t im a t e s a re p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p l o y e r p r a c t i c e in co m p u t in g v a c a t io n p a y m e n ts , s u ch as t im e p a y m e n ts , p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s , o r f la t -su m a m ou n ts . H o w e v e r , in the tabu lation s o f v a c a t io n pay, p a ym en ts not on a t im e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s was c o n s i d e r e d as the equ iv a len t o f 1 w e e k 's pay .

D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l health, in su ra n c e , and p e n s io n plan s ( ta b le s B - 6 and B - 7 ) f o r w h ich at l e a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p lo y e r , e x ce p t in g on ly l e g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s su ch as

* An estab lishm ent was considered as having a po licy if i t m e t e ith e r of the follow ing conditions: (1) O perated la te shifts a t the tim e of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering la te shifts. An estab lishm en t was considered as having fo rm al provisions if it (1) had opera ted la te shifts during the 12 m onths p rior to the survey, or (2) had provisions in w ritten form for operating la te shifts.

w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t . Such p lan s in c lu d e th o se u n d e r w r it te n by a c o m m e r c i a l in su ra n c e c o m p a n y and th ose p r o v id e d th rou gh a union fund o r pa id d i r e c t l y by the e m p l o y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t in g funds o r f r o m a fund se t a s id e f o r this p u r p o s e . D ea th b e n e f i t s a r e in c lu d e d as a f o r m o f l i f e i n s u r a n c e . S e le c t e d health in su r a n c e b e n e f i t s p r o v id e d e m p lo y e e s and d ep en d en ts a r e a l s o p r e s e n t e d .

S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su r a n c e is l im i te d to that type o f in s u r a n c e u n der w h ich p r e d e t e r m in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to the in s u r e d on a w e e k ly o r m on th ly b a s i s d u r in g i l ln e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b i l i t y . In fo rm a t io n is p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll su ch p lan s to w h ich the e m p l o y e r c o n t r ib u t e s . H o w e v e r , in N ew Y o r k and N ew J e r s e y , w h ich have e n a c te d t e m p o r a r y d is a b i l i t y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p l o y e r co n tr ib u t io n s , * 2 3 p lan s a re in c lu d ed on ly if the e m p lo y e r ( l ) c o n tr ib u tes m o r e than is l e g a l ly r e q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v i d e s the e m p lo y e e with b e n e f i t s w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n t s o f the law . T abu la tion s o f paid s i c k le a v e p lan s a r e l im ite d to f o r m a ] p l a n s 3 w hich p r o v id e fu l l pay o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f the w o r k e r ' s pay d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l ln e s s . S e p a r a te tabu la tion s a r e p r e se n te d a c c o r d in g to ( l ) p lan s w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pay and no w ait ing p e r io d , and (2) p lans w h ich p r o v id e e i th e r p a r t ia l pay o r a waitir .g p e r i o d . In add it ion to the p r e s e n t a t io n o f the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s w ho are p r o v id e d s i c k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r paid s i c k le a v e , an undu plicated tota l is show n o f w o r k e r s w ho r e c e i v e e i th e r o r both ty p es o f b e n e f i t s .

C a ta s t r o p h e in su r a n c e , s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d to as ex ten d ed m e d i c a l in su r a n c e , in c lu d es th ose p lans w h ich a re d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s and in ju ry in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b eyon d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o sp ita l iz a t io n , m e d i c a l , and s u r g i c a l p la n s . M e d i c a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p lan s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le t e o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s . Such plan s m a y be u n d e r w r it te n by c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o f i t o r g a n iz a t i o n s o r they m a y be s e l f - i n s u r e d . T ab u la t ion s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n p lan s a re l im ite d to th ose plan s that p r o v id e m on th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the w o r k e r ' s l i f e .

P r o f i t - s h a r i n g plan s ( tab le B - 8 ) a r e l im i t e d to f o r m a l p lans with d e f in ite f o r m u la s f o r co m p u t in g p r o f i t s h a r e s to be d is t r ib u t e d a m on g e m p l o y e e s and w h o s e f o r m u la s w e r e c o m m u n ic a t e d to e m p lo y e e s in a d v a n ce o f the d e t e r m in a t i o n o f p r o f i t s . D ata a re p r e s e n t e d a c c o r d i n g to p r o v i s i o n s f o r d is t r ib u t in g p r o f i t s h a r e s to e m p l o y e e s ; ( l ) C u r r e n t o r c a s h d is t r ib u t io n o f p r o f i t s h a r e s with in a sh o r t p e r io d a fte r d e t e r m in a t i o n o f p r o f i t s ; (2) d e f e r r e d d i s t i i b u t i o n o f p r o f i t sh a r e s a f t e r a s p e c i f i e d n u m b e r o f y e a r s o r at r e t i r e m e n t ; (3) c o m b in a t io n c u r r e n t and d e f e r r e d p la n s ; and (4) e l e c t i v e d is t r ib u t io n plans, under w h ich e a c h p a r t i c ip a n t is r e q u ir e d to s e l e c t w h e th e r to take h is sh a re o f the c u r r e n t y e a r ' s p r o f i t in ca sh , h ave it d e f e r r e d , o r part in c a s h and p a r t d e f e r r e d .

2 The tem porary d isability laws in C alifo rn ia and Rhode Island do not require em ployer contributions.

3 An estab lishm ent was considered as having a form al p la n if it established a t le as t the m in im um num ber of days of sick leave av a ilab le to each em p loyee . Such a p lan need no t be w ritten , bu t in fo rm al sick leave allow ances, de te rm in ed on an indiv idual basis, w ere excluded.


3

Table 1. Establishm ents and w ork ers within scop e o f survey and num ber studied in M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich ., 1 by m a jor industry d iv ision , 2 May 1966

Industry d iv ision

M inim um em ploym ent in es ta b lish

ments in scope o f study

Number o f establishm ents W orkers in establishm ents

Within scope o f study* Studied

W ithin scop e o f studyStudied

T o ta l4Plant O ffice

Number P ercen t T ota l4

A ll d iv is ion s - _____________________________________ 85 55 30,300 100 22,900 3, 100 26,300

M anufacturing---------------------------------------------------------- 50 50 33 26,000 86 20 ,600 2, 200 23, 100N onm anufacturing--------------------------------------------------- - 35 22 4, 300 14 2, 300 900 3, 200

T ran sportation , com m u nication , andother public u tilities 5------------------------------------ 50 8 8 1,700 6 800 400 1,700

W holesale t r a d e _______________________________ 50 4 2 300 1 ( ‘ ) (6) 200R etail trad e_____________________________________ 50 16 7 1,700 5 (6) ( ‘ ) 900Finance, insurance, and rea l e s ta te ------------ 50 4 2 400 1 ) (6) 200S e r v ic e s 8- _____________________________________ 50 3 3 200 1 (6) (6) 200

1 The Muskegon—M uskegon Heights Standard M etropolitan Statistica l A rea , as defined by the Bureau o f the Budget through M arch 1965, con s ists o f Muskegon County. The "w ork ers within scop e o f study" estim ates shown in this table prov ide a reason ably accurate d escr ip tion of the s ize and com position o f the labor fo r c e included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a basis o f com p a rison with other em ploym ent indexes for the area to m easu re em ploym ent trends or lev e ls s in ce (1) planning o f wage su rveys requ ires the use of establishm ent data com piled con sid era b ly in advance o f the payro ll period studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents are excluded from the scop e o f the survey.

2 The 1957 rev ised edition o f the Standard Industrial C la ss ifica tion Manual and the 1963 Supplem ent w ere used in c la ssify in g establishm ents by industry d iv ision .3 Includes a ll establishm ents with total em ploym ent at o r above the m inim um lim itation . A ll outlets (within the area) o f com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair s e rv ice ,

and m otion pictu re theaters are con sid ered as 1 establishm ent.4 Includes execu tive , p ro fess ion a l, and other w ork ers excluded from the separate plant and o ffic e ca teg or ies .5 T axicabs and s e rv ice s inciden ta l to w ater transportation w ere excluded.6 This industry d iv ision is rep resen ted in estim ates fo r "a ll in du stries" and "nonm anufacturing" in the S er ies A tab les , and fo r "a ll in du stries" in the S er ies B tables. Separate presentation

o f data fo r this d iv ision is not m ade fo r one o r m ore o f the follow ing reason s: (1) Em ploym ent in the d iv ision is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sam ple wasnot designed in itia lly to p erm it separate presentation , (3) respon se was insu fficien t o r inadequate to perm it separate presentation , and (4) there is p oss ib ility o f d is c lo su re of individual establishm ent data.

7 W orkers from this entire industry d iv ision are represen ted in estim ates fo r "a ll in d u stries" and "nonm anufacturing" in the S er ies A tab les, but from the rea l estate portion only in estim atesfo r "a ll in du stries" in the S eries B tab les. Separate presentation o f data fo r this d iv ision is not made fo r one or m ore o f the reasons given in footnote 6 above.

8 H otels; person a l s e r v ic e s ; business s e r v ic e s ; autom obile rep a ir shops; m otion p ictu res ; nonprofit m em bersh ip organ ization s (excluding re lig iou s and ch arita b le organ iza tion s); and engineering and arch itectu ra l s e rv ice s .

O ver fou r-fifth s o f the w ork ers within scope o f the survey in the Muskegon—Muskegon H eights area w ere em ployed in m anufacturing f irm s . The follow ing table presents the m a jor industry groups and sp ec ific industries as a percen t o f all m anufacturing:

Industry group S p ecific industries

M achinery (except e le ctr ica l) — 29 Iron and stee l fou n d ries__________25P rim a ry m e ta ls --------------------------- 27 M otor v eh ic les and equipm ent— 18Tran sportation equ ipm ent______18 M iscella n eou s m ach in ery________ 11Furn iture and fix tu res__________ 6 C on struction , m ining, and

m ateria l handling m ach ineryand equipm ent__________________ 9

O ffice fu rn itu re__________________ 5

This in form ation is based on estim ates o f total em ploym ent d erived from u n iverse m ateria ls com piled p r ior to actual survey. P rop ortion s in variou s industry d iv ision s m ay d iffe r fro m proportion s based on the resu lts o f the su rvey as shown in table 1 above.


4

Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups

P r e s e n t e d in tab le 2 a r e in d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s of ch an ge in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e e a rn in g s of s e l e c t e d plant w o r k e r gro u p s .

F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , the p e r ce n ta g e s of ch ange re la t e to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r i e s f o r n o r m a l h o u rs of w o r k , that i s , the s tan d ard w o r k s ch e d u le fo r w h ich s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s a r e paid . F o r p lant w o r k e r g r o u p s , they m e a s u r e ch a n ges in a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , ex c lu d in g p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and late sh i f ts . The p e r c e n t a g e s a re b a s e d on data f o r s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t io n s and i n c lu de m o s t of the n u m e r i c a l l y im p o r t a n t j o b s with in ea ch grou p .

Office c le r ic a l (m en and wom en):B ookkeeping-m achine operators, class B C lerks, accoun ting , classes A and B C lerks, f ile , classes A, B, and C C lerks, order C lerks, payroll C om ptom eter operators K eypunch operators, classes A and B O ffice boys and girls S tenographers, general S tenographers, senior Sw itchboard operators, classes A and B T a b u la tin g -m ac h in e operators, class B Typists, classes A and B

Industrial nurses (m en and w omen): Nurses, industrial (reg istered)

Sk illed m ain tenance (m en):Carpe nters E lectricians M achinists M echanicsM echanics (au tom otive)PaintersP ipefittersT ool and die m akers

U nskilled p lan t (m en):Janitors, porters, and cleaners Laborers, material handling

NOTE: S ecre ta rie s, inc luded in the l is t of jobs in all previous years, areexc luded because of a change in the descrip tion this yea r.

A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r i e s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s w e r e c o m p u te d f o r e a ch of the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s . The a v e r a g e s a la r i e s o r h o u r ly e a rn in g s w e r e then m u lt ip l ie d b y e m p lo y m e n t in each of

the j o b s du rin g the p e r i o d s u r v e y e d in 1961. T h e s e w e ig h ted ea rn in g s f o r in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n s w e r e then to ta le d to obta in an a g g r e g a t e f o r ea ch o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p . F in a l ly , the ra t io ( e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t a g e ) o f the g ro u p a g g r e g a t e f o r the one y e a r to the a g g r e g a t e f o r the o th er y e a r w as c o m p u te d and the d i f f e r e n c e b e tw e e n the r e s u l t and 100 is the p e r c e n t a g e o f ch an ge f r o m the one p e r i o d to the o th er . The in d e x e s w e r e c o m p u te d b y m u lt ip ly in g the ra t io s f o r e a ch g rou p a g g r e gcLte f o r e a ch p e r i o d a fte r the b a s e yea : ' (1961) .

The in d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s of ch ange m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a l ly , the e f f e c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w a g e c h a r g e s ; (2) m e r i t o r o th er i n c r e a s e s in p ay r e c e i v e d b y in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w h i le in the s a m e jo b ; and (3) ch a n g es in a v e r a g e w a g e s due to ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e r e sult ing f r o m la b o r t u r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s io n s , f o r c e r e d u c t io n s , and ch a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n s of w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e s t a b l is h m e n ts with d i f f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s . C h an ges in the la b o r f o r c e can ca u se i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout actu a l w age ch a n g e s . F o r e x a m p le , a f o r c e e x p a n s io n m ig h t i n c r e a s e the p r o p o r t i o n of l o w e r pa id w o r k e r s in a s p e c i f i c o c c u p a t io n and l o w e r the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a re d u c t io n in the p r o p o r t i o n o f l o w e r pa id w o r k e r s w ou ld h ave the o p p o s i te e f fe c t . S im i la r ly , the m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e s t a b l i s h m en t out of an a r e a c o u ld c a u se the a v e r a g e e a rn in g s to d r o p , even though no ch an ge in ra te s o c c u r r e d in o th er e s ta b l i s h m e n ts in the a rea . Data a re a d ju s ted w h e r e n e c e s s a r y to r e m o v e f r o m the in d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s of ch an ge any s ig n i f i c a n t e f f e c t c a u s e d b y ch a n g e s in s c o p e of the su r v e y .

The u se o f con sta n t e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e l im in a t e s the e f fe c t o f ch a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in each jo b in c lu d e d in the data. The p e r c e n t a g e s of ch ange r e f l e c t on ly ch a n g es in a v e r a g e p a y f o r s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r s . T h e y a r e not in f lu e n ce d by ch a n g e s in s ta n d a rd w o r k s c h e d u le s , as such , o r b y p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e .

T able 2. Indexes of standard w eekly salaries and s tra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings for se le c ted occupationa l groups in M uskegon—Muskegon H eights, M ich. ,May 1966 and M ay 1965, and percen ts of increase for se lec ted periods

Indexes(M ay 1961=100)

Percents of increase

Industry and occupationa l groupMay 1966 M ay 1965

M ay 1965 to

M ay 1966

M ay 1964 to

M ay 1965

M ay 1963 to

M ay 1964

M ay 1962 to

M ay 1963

M ay 1961 to

M ay 1962

M ay 1960 to

M ay 1961

A ll industries:O ffice c le r ic a l (m en and w o m e n )-------- 116 .7 113. 2 3. 1 2. 1 3 .3 3 .0 4 .3 3 .9Industrial nurses (m en and w o m e n )------ 113. 3 110 .4 2. 6 1 .6 1. 1 3. 3 4 .0 1 .8S k illed m a in tenance (m en)------------------- 113.9 110.9 2 .7 2. 1 2 .3 2 .6 3 .4 2. 7U nskilled p la n t ( m e n ) -------------------------- 116. 1 112. 5 3. 2 3. 1 .8 3 .9 4 .2 2 .7

M anufacturing:O ffice c le r ic a l (m en and w o m e n )-------- 115 .0 113 .0 1 .8 1 .7 3 .6 3. 1 4. 1 4 .4Industrial nurses (m en and w o m e n )------ 113.3 110 .4 2 .6 1 .6 1.1 3. 3 4 .0 1 .8S k illed m ain tenance (m en)------------------- 113 .5 110.3 2 .9 2 .0 1 .9 2. 6 3 .4 2 .7U nskilled p la n t ( m e n ) -------------------------- 117. 5 113. 3 3 .7 3. 3 .5 4. 3 4 .6 2. 1


A. Occupational Earnings

Tabic A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women

5

(A vera g e stra ig h t-t im e w eekly hours and earn ings fo r s e le c te d occu pa tion s studied on an a re a b a s isby in dustry d iv is ion , M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich . , M ay 1966)

Sex, occu p a tion , and in dustry d iv is ionAverageweekly

( standard)

Weekly earnings1 (standard)

Median 2 andunder

N um ber o f w o rk e rs re ce iv in g s tra ig h t-t im e w eek ly earn ings o f—$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ * $ $ $ $ $

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130$ $ $

135 140 145

— — and

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 OVer

MEN

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A MANUFACTURING ----------------------

2823

4 0 .04 0 .0

1 2 6 .5 01 2 9 .5 0

1 2 7 .5 0 113 .00 -1 $4 2 .5 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 4 3 .0 0

1 3 5 2 31 2 2 1 3

1 2 1 2

1010

11TABULAT[NG-MACHINE OPERATORS.

CLASS 8 ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------

2620

4 0 .04 0 .0

1 0 0 .5 0 1 0 1 .0 01 0 0 .5 0 9 9 .5 0

9 7 . 0 0 - 1 0 5 .5 09 7 . 0 0 - 1 0 6 .0 0

32

9 8 4 1 19 4 3 1 1

WOMEN

BUOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,CLASS 8 -------------------------------------------------------

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A --------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES3 ---------------------------

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B --------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------

CLERKS, FILE, CLASS B ---------------------------

CLERKS, PAYROLL ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B --------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

SECRETARIES4 5----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NUNMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS A5-------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS 8 5-------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS C5-------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS D5-------------------------MANUFACTURING--------------------------------------

STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL -------------------------MANUFACTURING--------------------------------------

STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ---------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

SWITCHBOARD UPERATQR-RECEPTIQNISTS- M ANUFACTURINC--------------------------------------

TYPISTS, CLASS A --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

15 4 0 .0 7 8 .5 0 8 0 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 - 8 8 .5 0 - - - 2 2 3 i 2 3 - 2

48 4 0 .0 1 0 2 .0 0 1 0 2 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 - 1 1 2 .0 0 - _ - - - - _ 1 11 6 421 4 0 .0 9 6 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 9 0 .5 0 —103*00 - - - - - - 1 4 6 327 4 0 .0 1 0 6 .0 0 1 1 0 .5 0 9 0 .0 0 - 1 1 4 .5 0 - - - - - ~ 7 - 117 4 0 .0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 1 3 .5 0 1 l 1 .0 0 -1 2 1 .5 0 1

81 4 0 .0 8 2 .5 0 8 2 .0 0 7 2 .5 0 - 9 2 .5 0 - _ 1 4 7 16 9 10 i i 7 758 4 0 .0 8 2 .0 0 8 2 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 - 9 2 .0 0 - - 1 3 3 11 8 7 9 6 623 4 0 .0 8 3 .0 0 8 1 .5 0 7 1 .0 0 - 1 0 0 .0 0 - * 1 4 5 1 3 2 i i

23 4 0 .0 5 9 .5 0 6 1 .0 0 5 3 .0 0 - 6 5 .0 0 2 7 1 8 4 1

39 4 0 .0 8 4 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 7 7 .0 0 - 9 4 .0 0 - - 1 - 2 3 9 6 5 5 532 4 0 .0 8 5 .0 0 8 5 .5 0 7 7 .5 0 - 9 4 .5 0 1 2 2 6 5 5 4 4

80 4 0 .0 7 5 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 - 8 1 .0 0 - - 2 9 19 13 16 8 3 5 565 4 0 .0 7 5 .0 0 7 4 .5 0 8 7 .5 0 - 8 1 .5 0 - 2 7 14 11 13 8 3 5 2

197 4 0 .0 1 0 2 .5 0 1 0 1 .5 0 9 2 .0 0 - 1 1 2 .5 0 - - - - - 1 7 17 11 35 21164 4 0 .0 1 0 2 .0 0 1 0 1 .0 0 9 2 .5 0 - 1 0 9 .5 0 - - - - - 1 6 13 5 32 21

33 4 0 .0 1 0 6 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 8 8 .0 0 - 1 2 2 .5 0 - - i 4 6 3

22 4 0 .0 1 1 3 .5 0 1 0 9 .0 0 1 0 1 .5 0 -1 2 3 .0 0 - _ - - - - - 1 - 3 -

19 4 0 .0 1 1 4 .5 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 0 2 .5 3 -1 2 3 .0 0 - 1 1

21 4 0 .0 1 1 0 .5 0 1 0 8 .0 0 9 4 .0 0 - 1 1 7 .5 0 _ - - - _ - - 1 - 6 _

21 4 0 .0 1 1 0 .5 0 1 0 3 .0 0 9 4 .0 0 - 1 1 7 .5 0 ~ ~ 1 6 “

67 4 0 .0 1 0 8 .0 0 1 0 8 .5 0 9 9 .0 0 - 1 2 1 .0 0 - _ - - - - 2 2 3 2 1046 4 0 .0 1 0 5 .5 0 1 0 6 .0 0 9 8 .0 0 - 1 1 4 .0 0 2 1 1 2 10

87 4 0 .0 9 4 .0 0 9 3 .5 0 3 7 .0 0 - 1 0 2 .0 0 - - - _ - 1 5 13 8 24 1178 4 0 .0 9 5 .0 0 9 4 .5 0 9 0 .0 0 - 1 0 3 .5 0 - 1 4 10 4 23 11

93 4 0 .0 7 9 .0 0 8 0 .5 0 6 9 . 5 0 - 8 7 .5 0 - - _ 10 15 11 9 18 15 9 677 4 0 .0 7 9 .0 0 3 1 .0 0 7 0 .5 0 - 8 6 .5 0 6 13 9 8 18 13 6 4

55 4 0 .0 9 5 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 - 1 0 3 .0 0 - _ - - - 2 1 l 10 i i 253 4 0 .0 9 5 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 - 1 0 3 .0 0 - - 2 1 1 10 10 2

39 4 0 .0 7 4 .0 0 7 2 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 - 8 2 .0 0 _ - 2 1 12 11 2 5 3 335 4 0 .0 7 4 .0 0 7 2 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 - 8 3 .0 0 * 2 i 12 8 1 5 3 3

63 4 0 .0 8 8 .0 0 8 7 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 - 1 0 2 .0 0 _ - - _ 5 5 14 6 4 1 260 4 0 .0 8 9 .0 0 8 9 .5 0 7 8 .0 0 - 1 0 2 .0 0 " 3 5 13 6 4 1 2

743

4222

5

9

99

11

33

23 28 12 8 22 6 1 1 2 222 26 12 5 11 6 i - i 2

1 2 “ 3 11 i i -

6 2 2 _ 5 _ i _ t 16 2 2 5 - i - - 1

i 5 3 _ 2 i - _ 1 1i 5 3 2 i - - i 1

7 11 5 6 14 4 _ i _ _6 9 5 3 3 4 * - - -

9 10 2 2 1 i _ _ _ _9 10 2 2 i i

24 2 224 2 1 - - - - - - -

2 626

See fo o tn otes at end o f table.


Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women— Continued

(A verage s tra igh t-tim e w eek ly hours and earn in gs fo r s e le c te d o ccu pa tion s studied on an a rea b a s isby in dustry d iv is io n , M uskegon—M uskegon H eigh ts, M ic h ., M ay 1966)


Sex, occu p a tion , and in dustry d iv is io nNumber

ofworkers

Average weekly hours1

( standard) M ean2 Median 2 Middle range 2

WOMEN - CONTINUED

TYPISTS, CLASS 8 -------------------------------------- 122 4 0 .0$6 9 .5 0

$6 8 .0 0

$ $ 6 3 . 0 0 - 7 6 .5 0

MANUFACTURING-------------------------------------- 89 4 0 . 0 6 9 .0 0 6 8 .5 0 6 3 . 5 0 - 7 5 .0 0

N um ber o f w o rk e rs re ce iv in g stra ig h t-t im e w eek ly ea rn in gs o f—t S t S > i ( t t s s s s s $ t s $ $ s s

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 160 145and — — — — — — — — — — _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and

under50 55 6 0 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 ov e r

2922

2923

1615

1 Standard hours r e f le c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s re c e iv e th e ir reg u lar stra ig h t-t im e sa la r ie s and the earn in gs c o r re s p o n d to these w eek ly h ou rs .The m ean is com p uted fo r ea ch jo b by totaling the ea rn in gs o f a ll w o rk e rs and d ivid ing by the num ber o f w o rk e r s . The m edian design ates p os ition — h a lf o f the e m p lo y e e s su rveyed re c e iv e m o re

than the rate shown; ha lf r e c e iv e le s s than the rate show n. The m iddle range is defin ed by 2 ra te s o f pay; a fourth o f the w o rk e rs ea rn le s s than the lo w e r o f these ra le s and a fourth ea rn m o re than the h igher ra te .

T ra n sp orta tion , com m u n ica tion , and oth er pu blic u t ilit ie s .4 M ay in clu de w o rk e rs other than th ose presen ted sep a ra te ly .5 D e scr ip t io n fo r th is o ccu p a tion has b een r e v is e d s in ce the last su rve y in th is a re a . See appendix A .

Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women

(A vera g e s tra igh t-tim e w eek ly hours and earn ings fo r s e le c te d o ccu pa tion s studied on an a rea b as is by in dustry d iv is io n , M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich . , M ay 1966)


Numberof

workers

Averageweekly

’ standard) M ean2 Median 2 Middle range 2

$ $ $ $26 4 0 .0 1 5 0 .5 0 1 4 3 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 -1 6 2 .0 026 4 0 .0 1 5 0 .5 0 1 4 9 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 -1 6 2 .0 0

100 4 0 .0 1 2 8 .0 0 1 2 7 .0 0 1 1 8 .5 0 -1 3 8 .5 0100 4 0 .0 1 2 8 .0 0 1 2 7 .0 0 1 1 8 .5 0 -1 3 8 .5 0

55 4 0 .0 1 0 2 .0 0 1 0 0 .5 0 9 1 .5 0 - 1 0 9 .5 055 4 0 .0 1 0 2 .0 0 1 0 0 .5 0 9 1 .5 0 - 1 0 9 .5 0

18 4 0 .0 9 8 .0 0 1 0 2 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 - 1 1 1 .0 018 4 0 .0 9 8 .0 0 1 0 2 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 - 1 1 1 .0 0

Sex, o ccu p a tion , and in dustry d iv is io n

N um ber o f w o rk e rs re ce iv in g stra ig h t-t im e w eek ly ea rn in gs o f—$ S $ $ S S S S $ $ $ $ S $ l $ S S S i

TT . 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175UnderS and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _80 under__________ 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180

DRAFTSMEN* CLASS A 3-------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------

DRAFTSMEN, CLASS B 3-------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------

DRAFTSMEN, CLASS C 3-------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

WOMEN

NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) MANUFACTURING -----------------------------

2 5 4 4 i 2 5 1 1 12 5 4 4 i 2 5 1 1 1

- - _ _ 2 6 2 6 14 17 8 13 11 7 i i i 2 _ _ _ _2 6 2 6 14 17 8 13 11 7 i i i 2 - - - -

_ - 9 15 3 7 9 3 4 1 _ 1 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _9 15 3 7 9 3 4 1 “ 1 2 1 ~ “ -

1 Standard h ou rs r e f le c t the w orkw eek fo r w h ich em p lo y e e s re c e iv e th e ir reg u lar stra ig h t-t im e sa la r ie s and the earn ings c o r re s p o n d to these w eek ly h ou rs .2 F o r de fin ition o f t e rm s , see footn ote 2, table A - l .3 D e scr ip tio n fo r this occu p a tion has b een re v is e d s in ce the last su rvey in this a re a . See appendix A.


Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined

O ccupation and industry d iv isionNumber

of

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS

BOUKKtEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,CLASS 8 ------------------------------------------------------ 15

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS AMANUFACTURING ---------------------NUNMANUFACTURING ---------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES1 2 3-----------

76443222

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B --------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------

876126

CLERKS, FILE, CLASS B 23

CLERKS, PAYROLL - MANUFACTURING

4133

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS 8 MANUFACTURING ---------------------

8065

OFFICE BOYS AND GIRLS- HANUFACTUKING --------

1915

SECRETARIES3 4 -------------------MANUFACTURING -------------NONMANUFACTURING ------

198164

34

(A verage stra igh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se lected occupations studied on an area basis by industry d iv ision , Muskegon—Muskegon H eights, M ich ., May 1966)

Average

O ccupation and industry d iv is ionNumber

ofworkers

Average

O ccupation and industry d iv isionNumber

ofworkers

Average

Weekly

(standard

Weekly earnings 1 (standard)

Weekly hours 1

(standard)

Weekly earnings 1 (standard)

Weekly

(standard)

Weekly ̂

(standard)

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - CONTINUED OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - CONTINUED

$ SECRETARIES3 4 - CONTINUED TYPISTS, CLASS A ------------------------------------- 63 4 0 . 0 8 8 .0 04 0 .0 7 8 .5 0 $ MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 60 4 0 .0 8 9 .0 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS A4------------------------ 22 4 0 .0 1 1 3 .5 04 0 .0 1 1 1 . 0 0 19 4 0 .0 1 1 4 .5 0 122 4 0 .0 6 9 .5 04 0 .0 1 1 3 .5 0 MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------------- 89 4 0 .0 6 9 .0 04 0 .0 1 0 7 .5 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS B4 ------------------------------- 22 4 0 .0 1 1 1 . 0 04 0 .0 1 1 4 .5 0 MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------------- 21 4 0 .0 1 1 0 .5 0

4 0 .0 8 3 .5 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS C4 ------------------------------- 67 4 0 .0 1 08 .004 0 .0 3 3 .0 0 MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------------- 46 4 0 .0 1 0 5 .5 0 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL4 0 .0 8 4 .5 0 OCCUPATIONS

SECRETARIES, CLASS D4 ------------------------------- 87 4 0 .0 9 4 .0 0oo 5 9 .5 0 MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------------- 78 4 0 .0 9 5 .0 0

4 0 .0 8 5 .0 0 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ------------------------------- 93 4 0 .0 7 9 .0 0 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS A4 ----------------------------------------- 27 4 0 .0 1 5 0 .0 077 7 9 .0 0 26 4 0 .0 1 50 .50r̂U. U y j . > u

4 0 .0 7 5 .0 0 STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR -------------------------- 55 4 0 .0 9 5 .5 0 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS 8 4 ------------------------------------------ 100 4 0 .0 1 28 .004 0 .0 7 5 .0 0 53 4 0 .0 9 5 .5 0 100 4 0 .0 1 2 8 .0 0

4 0 .0 6 4 .5 0 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS- 39 4 0 .0 7 4 .0 0 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS C4--------------------------------- 66 4 0 .0 9 9 .5 04 0 .0 5 3 .5 0 35 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 0 2 .0 0’

4 0 .0 1 0 3 .00 TABU LATIN G-MACHINE OPERATORS, NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) ------ 18 4 0 .0 9 8 .0 01 0 2 .0 0 30 4 0 .0 1 0 0 .5 0 4 0 .0 9 8 .0 0

4 0 .0 1 0 6 .5 0 MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 24 4 0 .0 1 0 1 .0 0

1 Standard hours re f le c t the w orkw eek fo r which em ployees re ce iv e their regular stra igh t-tim e sa la ries and the earnings corresp on d to these w eekly hours.2 T ransportation , com m unication , and other public utilities.3 May include w ork ers other than those presented separately.4 D escr ip tion fo r this occupation has been rev ised since the last survey in this area . See appendix A.


8

Table A -4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations

(A v e ra g e stra ig h t-t im e h o u r ly ea rn in gs fo r m en in s e le c te d o ccu p a tion s studied on an a re a b a s isby in dustry d iv is io n , M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich ., M ay 1966)

O ccu pa tion and in du stry d iv is io n

CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE ------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE -------------MANUFACTURING---------------------------------

FIREMEN, STATIONARY BOILER -----------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES ---------

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS, TOOLROOM MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE ------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE(MAINTENANCE) -------------------------------------

MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------

PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S3 ----------------------

MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE -------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

MILLWRIGHTS --------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING---------------------------------

OILERS -------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

PIPEFITTERS, MAINTENANCE ---------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

TOOL AND 0 1 E MAKERS --------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

Numberof

workers

Hourly earnings 1

Mean2 3 Median 2 Middle range 2

$ $ $ $28 3 .0 2 3 .0 4 2 .9 7 - 3 .0 928 3 .0 2 3 .0 4 2 .9 7 - 3 .0 9

119 3 .1 4 3 .1 0 3 . 0 2 - 3 .4 0116 3 .1 4 3 .0 9 3 .0 2 - 3 .3 9

37 2 .6 1 2 .6 4 2 .4 4 - 2 .8 535 2 .6 9 2 .6 5 2 .4 8 - 2 .8 7

32 2 .6 7 2 .6 7 2 . 6 2 - 2 .8 1

93 3 .4 0 3 .3 5 3 .2 7 - 3 .4 893 3 .4 0 3 .3 5 3 .2 7 - 3 .4 3

68 3 .1 7 3 .0 9 3 .0 3 - 3 .3 667 3 .1 7 3 .0 8 3 . 0 3 - 3 .3 6

71 3 .0 9 3 .0 8 2 . 9 9 - 3 .3 744 2 .9 4 3 .0 2 2 .9 0 - 3 .0 827 3 .3 4 3 .4 2 3 .2 4 - 3 .4 827 3 .3 4 3 .4 2 3 .2 4 - 3 .4 8

154 3 .1 4 3 .0 8 3 . 0 0 - 3 .3 6196 3 .1 2 3 .0 8 3 .0 0 - 3 .2 5

179 3 .0 3 3 .0 3 2 .9 7 - 3 .0 9179 3 .0 3 3 .0 3 2 .9 7 - 3 .0 9

34 2 .7 4 2 .7 1 2 . 5 8 - 2 .8 334 2 .7 4 2 .7 1 2 .5 8 - 2 .8 3

81 3 .1 4 3 .1 3 2 . 9 9 - 3 .3 381 3 .1 4 3 .1 3 2 . 9 9 - 3 .3 3

154 3 .3 9 3 .3 8 3 .2 5 - 3 .5 2154 3 .3 9 3 .3 8 3 .2 5 - 3 .5 2

N um ber o f w o rk e r s re c e iv in g s tra ig h t-t im e h ou r ly ea rn in gs of—

Under $ and1 .8 0 under

* 1( t $ $ * S t 1 $ $ t $.5 0 2 .6 0 ;! • 70 2 . 80 2 .9 0 3 . 00 3 . 10 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0

.6 0 2 . 70 ;? • 80 2 . 90 3 .0 0 3 . 10 3 . 20 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 o v e r

1 2 5 14 1 4“ 1 2 5 14 1 4

1 1 3 17 40 11 14 2 28 1 1 _1 1 2 17 40 11 14 2 28

4 8 3 3 _ _ _ _ 7 _ - - -4 8 3 3 - - - 7 - -

- 18 2 6 2

3 7 4 13 41 3 _ _ 223 7 4 13 41 3 - - 22

7 32 1 3 14 7 3 - 17 32 1 3 14 7 3

9 _ _ 2 7 23 _ 8 7 12 1 2 _ _9 - - 2 7 19 - - 7 ~ - - - -

4 - 8 - 12 1 2 - -4 - 8 12 1 2

1 _ 8 2 27 48 22 6 4 27 _ 7 2l - 8 2 26 48 22 6 4 27 - - 2

6 8 47 84 8 1 25 _ - - -6 8 47 84 8 i 25 - - - -

10 6 9 i 3 _ _ _ 4 - - - _10 6 9 i 3 - - - 4 - -

1 - 1 4 17 11 21 _ 26 _ - - _1 - 1 4 17 11 21 - 26 -

4 2 2 25 12 40 30 6 29 44 2 2 25 12 40 30 6 29 4

1 E x clu d es p re m iu m pay fo r o v e rt im e and fo r w o rk on w eekend s, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts .2 F o r de fin ition o f t e r m s , see foo tn ote 2, tab le A - l .3 T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ica tion , and oth er pu b lic u tilit ie s .


9Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations

(A vera g e stra ig h t-t im e hou rly earn ings fo r s e le c te d occu pa tion s studied on an a rea b a s isb y in dustry d iv is io n , M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich ., M ay 1966)

Hourly e mings 2Number

ofworkers Mean3 M edian3 Middle range3

58$2 .4 0

$2 .2 9

$ $ 2 .1 6 - 2 .6 4

56 2 .4 2 2 .2 9 2 .1 7 - 2 .6 3

42 2 .4 9 2 .5 1 2 .1 9 - 2 .6 6

2 72 2 .4 2 2 .6 1 2 . 2 5 - 2 .6 7224 2 .5 3 2 .6 2 2 . 3 6 - 2 .6 7

48 1 .9 2 1 .6 9 1 .5 5 - 2 .5 318 2 .4 8 2 .6 9 2 .1 0 - 2 .8 6

30 1 .8 1 1 .8 8 1 .2 8 - 2 .2 4

239 2 .5 6 2 .4 9 2 . 3 7 - 2 .8 0228 2 .5 7 2 .5 0 2 . 3 8 - 2 .8 1

42 2 .8 0 2 .8 5 2 . 6 0 - 2 .9 2

153 2 .7 5 2 .7 4 2 .7 1 - 2 .7 8148 2 .7 4 2 .7 4 2 .7 1 - 2 .7 7

61 2 .6 7 2 .7 3 2 . 5 6 - 2 .7 761 2 .6 7 2 .7 3 2 . 5 6 - 2 .7 7

28 2 .7 3 2 .7 8 2 . 5 4 - 2 .9 328 2 .7 3 2 .7 8 2 .5 4 - 2 .9 3

25 2 .7 9 2 .6 9 2 .5 5 - 3 .0 625 2 .7 9 2 .6 9 2 .5 5 - 3 .0 6

169 3 .0 0 3 .3 0 2 . 6 9 - 3 .3 768 2 .7 7 2 .7 4 2 .6 4 - 2 .8 7

101 3 .1 6 3 .3 5 3 . 3 1 - 3 .3 882 3 .3 7 3 .3 6 3 .3 3 - 3 .3 9

47 2 .8 1 2 .8 4 2 .2 8 - 3 .4 418 2 .8 9 2 .8 6 2 . 6 9 - 3 .4 3

102 3 .1 6 3 .3 3 2 .7 8 - 3 .3 6

223 2 .6 6 2 .6 6 2 .6 0 - 2 .7 6221 2 .6 6 2 .6 6 2 .6 0 - 2 .7 6

63 2 .6 1 2 .6 5 2 .5 2 - 2 .7 583 2 .6 1 2 .6 5 2 .5 2 - 2 .7 5

O ccu p a t io n 1 and in dustry d iv is ion

N um ber o f w o rk e r s re c e iv in g stra ig h t-t im e h ou r ly ea rn in gs of—

Under ( and1 .3 0 unde r

$ S $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ $.3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0

.4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 . 10 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0

3 7 9 1 7~ 3 7 9 “ 7 ~ “ "

- 3 7 7 - - - 7 - - - -

10 26 6 118 7 18 1 _ _ _ _ _

10 26 6 114 7 11 - - - - - -

- - -44 -

77

11 - - - - -

2

61 48 - 25 28 58 2 - - _ - -

53 48 - 25 28 58 2 - - - -

i i - 2 17 12 - - - - -

6 6 7 5 119 5 _ 5 _ _ - -

6 6 7 5 119 5 - “

4 - 8 _ 42 - _ _ _ _ - -

4 8 42 “ - - “

3 10 - 2 6 3 3 1 - _ -

3 10 - 2 6 3 3 1 ” -

2 9 2 - 3 _ 6 3 _ - -

2 9 2 - 3 6 3 - -

8 1 5 17 19 10 2 2 _ 4 69 185 — 5 14 19 10 2 2 - 4 - 53 1 - 3 - - - - - - 69 13

69 13

3 l-

33

- 88 _

- --

- 185

14 15 - - - - 4 69 -

20 5 25 91 39 32 5 - - - - 218 5 25 91 39 32 5 2

15 _ 25 4 39 _ _ _ _ _ _ _15 - 25 4 39 - - - - -

GUARDS AND WATCHMEN-------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

GUARDS:MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

JANITORS. PORT FRS. AND CLEANERS ------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------

PUBLIC U TILITIES4 5---------------------------

JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS (WOMEN) -------------------------------------------------------

LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING--------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

ORDER F IL L E R S ------------------------------------------

PACKERS, SHIPPING ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING--------------------------------------

PACKERS, SHIPPING (WOMEN) ------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

RECEIVING CLERKS --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

SHIPPING CLERKS ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

TRUCKORIVERS6 --------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING--------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------

PUBLIC UTILITIES4 ---------------------------

TRUCKORIVERS, MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TOAND INCLUDING 4 TONS I ---------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

TRUCKORIVERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, TRAILER T Y P E )--------------------------------------

TRUCKERS, POWER (FORKLIFT) ----------------MANUFACTURING--------------------------------------

TRUCKERS, POWER (OTHER THANFORKLIFT) ---------------------------------------------------

MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

1 Data lim ited to m en w o rk e rs ex cep t w here oth erw ise in dicated .2 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h olida ys, and late sh ifts.3 F o r defin ition o f t e rm s , see footnote 2, table A - l .4 T ra n sp orta tion , com m u n ica tion , and other p u b lic u tilit ie s .5 A11 w o rk e rs w e re at $1.20 to $1 .30 .6 Includes a ll d r iv e rs re g a rd le s s o f s ize and type o f tru ck operated .


B. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Table B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers

(D is t r ib u t io n o f e s ta b l is h m e n ts s tu d ie d in a l l in d u s tr ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y m in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r y fo r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e ig h ts , M i c h . , M ay 1966)

M inim um w eekly stra igh t-tim e sa lary 1

Inexperienced typists Other in experien ced c le r ic a l w ork ers 2

A llindustries

M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing

A llindustries

M anufacturing N onmanufacturing

B ased on standard w eekly hours 3 o f--- B ased on standar w eekly hours 3 of----

A llschedules 40

A llschedules 40

A llschedules 4 0

A llschedules 40

E stablishm ents studied-------------------------------------------------------------- 55 33 XXX 22 XXX 55 33 xxx 22 XXX

E stablishm ents having a sp ec ified m in im um ------------------------- 21 15 15 6 5 26 16 16 10 8

$ 50. 00 and under $ 52. 50---------------------------------------------------- 4 3 3 1 1 7 4 4 3 3$ 52. 50 and under $ 55. 00----------------------------------------------------- 4 3 3 1 1 5 3 3 2 2$ 55 .00 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 ----------------------------------------------------- 2 - - 2 1 2 - - 2 1$ 57 .50 and under $ 6 0 .0 0 ---------------------------------------------------- 4 4 4 - - 4 4 4 - -$ 60 .00 and under $ 6 2 .5 0 ---------------------------------------------------- 2 2 2 - - 2 2 2 - -$ 6 2 . 50 and under $ 6 5 .0 0 ----------------------------------------------------- ~ - - - - - - - -$ 6 5 . 00 and under $ 67. 50---------------------------------------------------- 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1 1$ 6 7 . 50 and under $ 70. 00----------------------------------------------------- 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1$ 7 0 .0 0 and under $ 72. 50----------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - -$ 7 2 . 50 and o v e r -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1 - 2 1 1 1 -

E stablishm ents having no sp ec ified m in im u m ---------------------- 12 8 XXX 4 XXX 13 9 XXX 4 XXX

E stablishm ents w hich did not em ploy w ork ersin th is ca teg ory ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 10 XXX 12 XXX 16 8 x x x 8 x x x

1 T h e s e s a la r i e s r e la t e to f o r m a l ly e s t a b l is h e d m in im u m s ta rtin g (h ir in g ) r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s that a r e p a id f o r s ta n d a rd w o r k w e e k s .2 E x c lu d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l jo b s su c h a s m e s s e n g e r o r o f f ic e g i r l .3 D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s ta n d a rd w o rk w e e k s c o m b in e d , and f o r th e m o s t c o m m o n s ta n d a rd w o rk w e e k r e p o r t e d .


Table B-2. Shift D ifferentials

(S h ift d i f f e r e n t ia l s o f m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t w o r k e r s b y ty p e an d a m o u n t o f d i f f e r e n t ia l , M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e ig h ts , M ic h . , M a y 1 96 6 )

P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t w o r k e r s —

Shift d iffe ren tia lIn estab lish m en ts having fo rm a l

p ro v is io n s 1 fo r — A ctu ally w ork ing on—

Second shift w ork

T h ird o r other sh ift w ork Second shift T h ird o r other

shift

T otal _____ __ _____ . . __ ___ __ 99.5 94.0 20.7 7.4

With shift pay d i f fe r e n t ia l_______________________ , 99.1 93.6 20.6 7.3

U niform cents (p er hour)___________ 70.6 67.0 15.4 6.2

5 cen ts_______________________________________ 11.0 3.6 3.1 .76 cen ts__________________________ 27.2 19.5 5.2 .67 ren ts _____ _ 3.6 - 1.0 -7*/z c e n ts ______ _ . „ ____ ___ . . 1.7 .9 .4 .18 c e n t s . . _____ . . . . . . 5.5 .8 .6 .19 cen ts _ _ „ - 5.2 - 1.110 c e n ts _____ __ __ . . . . __ . 20.9 28.6 5.0 2.011 c e n ts ___ . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1.7 - .214 c e n ts . _______ ___ . . . __ . - 3.6 - .91 5 cents ____ . . . . . . . - 1.3 - . 216 c e n ts ________ _____________________________ - 1.2 - .230 c e n ts ---------------------------------------------------------- .6 .6 (2 ) -

U niform p ercen ta g e_________________ __ . . 5.9 1.3 .7 (2 )

5 p ercen t — ___ ___ . __ . . . . 5.9 1.3 .7 (2 )

P a y fo r m o re hours than w o r k e d _________ __ 22.6 22.6 4.5 .7

F u ll d a y 's pay fo r red u ced h ou rs , pluscen ts d iffe re n t ia l______ _______ . . __ - 2.7 - .3

With no shift pay d i f fe r e n t ia l____________________ .4 .4 .1 .1

1 In c lu d e s e s t a b l is h m e n t s c u r r e n t ly o p e r a t in g la te s h i f t s , an d e s t a b l is h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s c o v e r i n g la te s h i ft s e v e n th ou g h th e y w e r e n o t c u r r e n t ly o p e r a t in g la te s h i f t s .

2 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t .


Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours

(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p lant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r so f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e ig h ts , M ic h . , M a y 1966)

W e e k ly h o u r s

P la n t w o r k e r s O ff i c e w o r k e r s

A ll in d u s t r ie s 1 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 A ll in d u s t r ie s 3 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b li c u t il it i e s 2

A l l w o r k e r s _____________ ___________________ ______ 100 100 100 100 100 100

U n der 40 h o u r s ________________________________________ 2 (4 ) 140 h o u r s __________________ _______ ___ _______________ 80 82 83 95 94 9942 h o u r s ______________________________________________ 1 1 - 2 3 _44 h o u r s ______________________________________________ 5 5 - 2 2 145 h o u r s 7 6 6 - _ _48 h o u r s _____________ _____ _________________________ 4 4 11 (4 ) _ _53 h o u r s _____________ ___ _______ _____ ____ - __ 1 1

1 Includes data fo r w h olesa le trade, re ta il trade, rea l estate, and s e r v ic e s , in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately .2 T ran sp ortation , com m u nication , and other public u tilit ies .3 Includes data fo r w h olesa le trade; re ta il trade; finance, in surance , and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s , in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately .4 L e ss than 0.5 p ercen t.


13

Table B-4. Paid Holidays

(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p la n t and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y n u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y sp r o v id e d a n n u a lly , M u sk eg on —M u sk e g o n H e ig h ts , M ic h ., M a y 1966)

ItemP la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s

A ll in d u s t r ie s 1 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 A ll in d u s t r ie s 3 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u t i l i t ie s 2

A l l w o r k e r s ____________________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100

W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in gp a id h o l id a y s ________________________________________ 99 100 100 99 100 100

W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in gno p a id h o l id a y s _________ _____ __________________ 1 " ■ (4 ) - -

N u m b e r o f days

6 h o lid a y s _ _ ______________________ ______ __ 10 6 6 9 5 86 h o lid a y s p lu s 1 h a lf day___________________________ 1 1 - - - -6 h o lid a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s _________________________ 6 7 - 11 12 -7 h o l id a y s ______________ _____________________________ 4 2 56 11 4 627 h o lid a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s _________________________ 11 11 - 17 23 -8 h o lid a y s _ ___ 29 33 4 18 23 68 h o lid a y s p lu s 1 h a lf da y ___________________________ 6 5 34 5 2 249 h o l id a y s ____________________________ ______________ 32 35 - 22 30 -10 h o l id a y s _______________________________________ ___ " 7 - -

T o ta l h o l id a y t im e 5

10 da y s . . 79 d a y s o r m o r e _______________________________________ 32 35 - 29 30 -&l /z d a y s o r m o r e ----------------------------------------------------- 3 7 4 1 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 48 d a y s o r m o r e . _______ _____________________________ 77 85 38 68 79 307 d a y s o r m o r e ________________________________________ 87 93 94 90 95 926l /z d a ys or m o r e _____________________________________ 88 94 94 90 95 926 da y s o r m o r e _______________________________________ 99 100 100 99 100 100

1 In clu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v i c e s , in a d d it io n to th o se in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a te ly .2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b l ic u t i l it ie s .3 In c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a te ly .4 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t .5 A l l c o m b in a t io n s o f fu ll and h a lf d a y s that add to the sa m e am ou n t a r e c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a to ta l o f 7 da y s in c lu d e s th o se w ith 7 fu ll da y s and

no h a lf d a y s , 6 fu l l d a ys and 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 fu l l d a y s and 4 h a lf d a y s , and s o on . P r o p o r t io n s w e r e th en cu m u la te d .


14

Table B-5. Paid Vacations1

(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p lant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y v a c a t io n pa yp r o v is i o n s , M u sk e g o n r-M u sk e go n H e ig h ts , M ic h ., M a y 1966)

P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r sV a c a t io n p o l i c y

A ll in d u s t r ie s 2 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u t i l i t ie s 3 A ll in d u s t r ie s 4 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3

A l l w o r k e r s ________________ _____ _______ _____ . 100 100 100 100 100 100

M e th o d o f p a y m e n t

W o r k e r s in e s ta b l is h m e n ts p r o v id in gp a id v a c a t io n s ________________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100

65 62 100 97 96 100P e r c e n ta g e p a y m e n t _____________________________ 33 36 2 3F la t -s u m p a y m e n t ________________________________ - - - - - -

1 1 _ 1 1W o r k e r s in e s ta b l is h m e n ts p r o v id in g

A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 5

A f t e r 6 m o n th s o f s e r v i c e

18 20 5 65 4 17 43 50 196 7 19 26

A f te r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e

60 57 89 241

131

89O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________________________ 36 40

3 2 11 72 82 111 1 2 3

A f te r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 pp]{ 54 57 21 5 4 1536 40 (6) 1

9 2 79 911

911

85O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________________________ -

1 1 2 3

A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

16 18 i 148 53 - (6) 135 29 100 96

195

1100

1 1 2 3


15 17 1 1O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________ _____ _ 48 53 - (6) i _

36 30 100 961

951

100

1 1 2 3


1 w e e k _____________ ___ ___ _______ „ __ ( ‘ ) _ _ (‘ ) .

(6) 1 ( ) (6)66 63 100 91

189

1100

29 325 4 7 9

1 i

See footnotes at end of table.


15

Table B-5. Paid Vacations1---- Continued

(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y v a c a t io n p a yp r o v is i o n s , M u sk e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e ig h ts , M ic h ., M a y 1966)

Plant w ork ers O ffice w ork ersVacation p o licy

All in d u s tr ie s1 2 M anufacturing Public u t ilit ie s3 A ll in d u str ie s4 M anufacturing Public u tilit ies3

Am ount of vacation p a y 5— Continued A fter 10 years of se rv ice

1 w e e k___ ____________________________ _ (6) _ _ (6) _ _2 w eeks________ ____________ . _______ _____ 22 19 44 40 42 63O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks________________________ 50 56 - 6 9 _3 w eeks______ ___ ______ ______________________ 25 22 56 49 43 37O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks________________________ 1 2 - 1 1 -4 w eeks _ ___ ___ 1 1 - 3 5 -

A fter 12 years of s e rv ice1 w eek .. ... .. (6) - _ (6) _ _2 wfieks 17 15 4 27 34 6O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks____________________ __ 50 56 - 7 10 _3 w eeks _____ __ _ __ ___________ 31 26 96 62 51 94O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks________________________ 1 2 - 1 1 -4 w eeks _____ _ _____ _________ ___ _ _ 1 1 - 3 5 -

A fter 15 yea rs of s e rv ice1 w e e k ___ _____ ___ _____ ________ _________ (6) - - (6) _ _2 w eeks_________ ______ ___________ ___ . . ___ 2 1 - 2 3 -O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks_____ ________ ______ 5 5 - - _ _3 w eeks________________________________ ________ 82 82 100 91 89 100O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks________________________ 10 11 - 3 3 -4 w eeks ____________ _________________ ______ 1 1 - 3 5 -

A fter 20 y ea rs of s e rv ice1 w e e k __________________________________ _____ _ (6) - - (6) _ _2 w eeks______ __ ____ __ ______ _____________ 2 1 - 2 3 _O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks________________________ 5 5 - - _ _3 w eeks ________ __ ______ _________________ 40 40 40 58 53 58O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks________________________ 3 4 - 1 1 _4 w eeks_______________ __________________ __ ___ 48 49 60 36 40 42O ver 4 w e e k s____________ ________________________ 1 1 - 2 3 -

A fter 25 yea rs of s e rv ice1 w e ek (6) - - (6) _ _2 w eeks_____________________________________________ 2 1 - 2 3 _O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s . ___________________ 5 5 - _ _ _3 w eeks _____ _____ ___ __ ___________ __ 28 28 6 46 46 8O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks____________ _________ 6 7 - 1 1 _

4 w eeks_________ __ __ __ __ ___ ________ ___ 58 58 94 48 47 92O ver 4 w e e k s ______________________________ ___ _ 1 1 - 3 3 -

A fter 30 years of s e rv ice1 w eek (6) - - (6 ) - -

2 w eeks 2 1 - 2 3 _

O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s_____ _______ . . . . 5 5 - _ - -

3 w eek s_____ ______ ________ ______ _____ 28 28 6 46 46 8O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks________________________ 6 7 - 1 1 -

4 w eeks__ _ „ _ 58 58 94 48 47 92O ver 4 w e e k s _________________________________ ___ 1 1 " 3 3

1 In c lu d e s b a s ic p la n s o n ly . E x c lu d e s p la n s su ch as v a c a t io n -s a v in g s and th o se p la n s w h ic h o f f e r " e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t ic a l " b e n e fit s b e y o n d b a s ic p la n s to w o r k e r s w ith q u a lify in g len gth so f s e r v i c e . T y p ic a l o f su ch e x c lu s io n s a re p la n s in the s t e e l , a lu m in u m , and ca n in d u s t r ie s .

2 In c lu d e s da ta f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v i c e s , in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly .3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b l ic u t i l it ie s .4 In c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d it io n to t h o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a te ly .5 In c lu d e s p a y m e n ts o th e r than " le n g th o f t i m e , " su ch as p e r c e n ta g e o f annual e a rn in g s o r f la t - s u m p a y m e n ts , c o n v e r te d to an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s is ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t

o f annual e a rn in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's p a y . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i ly c h o s e n and d o n ot n e c e s s a r i ly r e f l e c t the in d iv id u a l p r o v is io n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p le , thech a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a te d at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e in c lu d e ch a n g e s in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s t im a te s a r e cu m u la tiv e . T h u s , the p r o p o r t io n r e c e iv in g 3 w e e k s ' p a y o r m o r e a ft e r 5 y e a r s in c lu d e s th o s e w h o r e c e iv e 3 w e e k s ' p a y o r m o r e a fte r fe w e r y e a r s o f s e r v i c e .

6 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t .


Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans

(P e r c e n t o f p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s tr ie s h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e f it s ,

and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s e m p lo y e d in e s ta b l is h m e n ts p r o v id in g 1 M u sk eg on ^ -M u sk egon H e ig h ts , M ic h . , M a y 1966)

Type of benefitPlant w ork ers O ffice w ork ers

A ll in d u str ie s1 2 M anufacturing Public u tilit ie s3 A ll in d u stries4 M anufacturing Public u t ilit ie s 3

A ll w ork e rs______________________________________ . 100 100 100 100 100'

100

W orkers in establishm ents providing:

L ife in su ra n ce_________________________________ 99 99 100 98 99 99A cciden ta l death and d ism em berm ent

insurance____________________________________ 83 88 17 64 76 2Sickness and accid ent insurance or

s ick leave o r b o th 5_________________ _____ 98 100 98 87 94 96

Sickness and accid ent insurance_________ 93 99 17 46 59 9Sick leave (full pay and no

w aiting p er iod )________ _____________ __ 5 2 47 40 44 38Sick leave (partia l pay or

waiting p er iod )____________________________ 3 34 9 2 49

H ospitalization insurance_____________________ 97 100 100 97 99 100S urgica l insurance___________________________ 97 100 100 97 99 100M edica l in su ra n ce _____________________________ 89 92 90 93 94 100Catastrophe insurance_________________________ 42 43 38 60 66 64R etirem ent p e n s io n _______________________ _ 91 94 96 92 96 84No health, in su ran ce , o r pension p la n ____ ( 6 ) (6 ) (6 )

1 In c lu d e s th o s e p la n s f o r w h ich at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o rn e b y the e m p lo y e r , e x c e p t th o s e le g a l ly r e q u ir e d , su ch as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n , s o c ia l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t ir e m e n t .2 In c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v i c e s , in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a te ly .3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t i l it ie s .4 In c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly .5 U n d u p lica te d to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s i c k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ra n ce sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly b e lo w . S ick le a v e p la n s a r e l im it e d to th o s e w h ic h d e f in it e ly e s ta b l is h at le a s t the

m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y that ca n b e e x p e c te d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . In fo r m a l s ic k le a v e a llo w a n c e s d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s is a r e e x c lu d e d .6 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t .


17

Table B-7. Health Insurance Benefits Provided Employees and Th e ir Dependents

(P ercen t of plant and o f fic e w ork ers in a ll industries and in industry d iv ision s em ployed in establishm ents providing health insurance benefits coverin g em ployees and their dependents, Muskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich ., May 1966)

P lant w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s

T y p e o f b e n e fit , c o v e r a g e , and fin a n c in g 1A ll in d u s t r ie s 2 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 A ll in d u s t r ie s 4 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3

A ll w o r k e r s ____________________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100

W o r k e r s in e s ta b l is h m e n ts p r o v id in g :

H o s p ita liz a t io n in s u r a n c e _______________________ 97 100 100 97 99 100C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s o n l y ___________________ 32 35 - 41 43 9

E m p lo y e r f in a n ce d ________________________ 32 35 - 39 41 9J o in tly f in a n c e d ____________________________ ( 5) - - 2 2 -

C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s and th e ird e p e n d e n t s ____________________________________ 64 65 100 56 57 91

E m p lo y e r f in a n c e d ________________________ 51 53 55 33 41 31J o in tly f in a n c e d ____________________________ 12 11 45 20 12 60E m p lo y e r f in a n ce d f o r e m p lo y e e s ;

jo in t ly fin a n ce d f o r d e p e n d e n ts ----------- 1 1 - 3 3

S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e ________________________________ 97 100 100 97 99 100C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s o n l y ------------------------------ 32 35 - 41 43 9

E m p lo y e r f in a n c e d ------------------------------------- 32 35 - 39 41 9J o in t ly f in a n c e d ____________________________ ( 5) - - 2 2 -


E m p lo y e r f in a n c e d ________________________ 51 53 55 33 41 31J o in tly f in a n c e d ------------------------------------------- 12 11 45 20 12 60E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d f o r e m p lo y e e s ;

jo in t ly fin a n ce d f o r d e p e n d e n ts ----------- 1 1 - 3 3 -

M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e ________________________________ 89 92 90 93 94 100C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s o n l y ___________________ 29 31 - 41 43 9

E m p lo y e r f in a n c e d ------------------------------------- 29 31 - 39 41 9J o in tly f in a n c e d ------------------------------------------ ( 5) - - 2 2 -

C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s and th e ird e p e n d e n t s ------------------------------------------------------ 60 61 90 52 51 91

E m p lo y e r f in a n c e d ------------------------------------- 47 49 44 29 35 31J o in tly f in a n c e d ____________________________ 12 11 45 20 12 60E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d f o r e m p lo y e e s ;

jo in t ly fin a n ce d f o r d e p e n d e n ts ----------- 1 1 - 3 3 -

C a ta s tro p h e in s u r a n c e ----------------------------------------- 42 43 38 60 66 64C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s o n l y ------------------------------ 23 23 34 29 30 58

E m p lo y e r f in a n c e d ------------------------------------ 22 23 34 27 28 58J o in t ly f in a n c e d ____________________________ (5) - - 2 2 -


E m p lo y e r f in a n c e d ------------------------------------- 10 10 4 16 21 6J o in t ly f in a n c e d ____________________________ 9 9 - 15 16 -E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d f o r e m p lo y e e s ;

( 5)jo in t ly fin a n ce d f o r d e p e n d e n ts -----------

1 Includes plans fo r which at least a part of the cos t is borne by the em ployer. See footn ote 1, table B -6 . An establishm ent was con sid ered as providing benefits to em ployees fo r their dependents if such cov era g e was available to at least a m a jority o f those em ployees one would usually expect to have dependents, e .g ., m a rr ied m en, even though they w ere le ss than a m a jority o f all plant or o ffic e w ork ers . The em ployer bears the entire cos t o f "em p loy er financed" plans. The em ployer and em ployee share the co s t o f " jo in tly financed” plans.

2 Includes data for w holesa le trade, re ta il trade, rea l estate, and se r v ic e s , in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately .3 T ran sp ortation , com m u nication , and other public u tilities .4 Includes data fo r w holesale trade; re ta il trade; finance, insurance, and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s , in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately .5 L ess than 0.5 percent.


Table B-8. Profit-Sharing Plans

(P e r c e n t o f p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s e m p lo y e d in e s ta b l is h m e n ts p r o v id in g p r o f i t - s h a r in g p la n s , 1b y ty p e o f p la n , M u sk e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e ig h ts , M ic h . , M a y 1966)

P la n t w o r k e r s O ff ic e w o r k e r sT yp e o f p lan

A ll in d u s t r ie s 1 2 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 A ll in d u s t r ie s 4 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3

A l l w o r k e r s ___________ ___ _________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100

W o r k e r s in e s ta b l is h m e n ts p r o v id in g p r o f i t - s h a r in g p la n s ____________________ ____ . . . . _ 8 7 8 6 7

P la n s p r o v id in g f o r c u r r e n t2 2 3 2 7

P la n s p r o v id in g f o r d e f e r r e d7 5 5 4

P la n s p r o v id in g f o r b o th c u r r e n t

P la n s p r o v id in g f o r e m p lo y e e 's c h o ic e

W o r k e r s in e s ta b l is h m e n ts p r o v id in g no92 93 100 92 94 93

1 T he stu d y w a s l im it e d to f o r m a l p la n s (1 ) h a v in g e s t a b l is h e d fo r m u la s f o r the a llo c a t io n o f p r o f i t s h a r e s a m o n g e m p lo y e e s ; (2 ) w h o se fo r m u la s w e r e c o m m u n ic a te d to the e m p lo y e e s in a d v a n ce o f the d e te r m in a t io n o f p r o f i t s ; (3 ) that r e p r e s e n t a co m m itm e n t b y the co m p a n y to m a k e p e r io d ic c o n tr ib u t io n s b a s e d o n p r o f i t s ; and (4 ) in w h ic h e l ig ib i l i t y e x te n d s to a m a jo r it y o f the p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s .

2 In c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v i c e s , in a d d it io n to th o se in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a te ly .3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b l ic u t i l it ie s .4 In c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly .


Appendix A. Changes in Occupational Descriptions

Since the Bureau's last survey, occupational descriptions for draftsman, secretary, and switchboard operator were revised in order to obtain salary information for more specific categories.

Secretary. The revised descriptions for secretary (classes A, B, C, and D) classify these workers according to levels of responsibility. The size of the organization and the scope of the supervisor's position are considered in distinguishing these levels. Data published under the composite title of secretary are not comparable to data previously published.

Switchboard operator. The revised description for switchboard operator arranges these workers into two defined classes (A and B) instead

of a single category, clarifying the criteria of types of calls handled and types of information provided. The combination of class A and class B data, where both are published, is comparable to the single designation, i f previously published.

Draftsman. The revised descriptions for draftsman (classes A, B, and C; and draftsman-tracer) replace the previous designations for draftsman (leader, senior, and junior; and tracer) and emphasize the distinction between drafting and design skills. Therefore, data presented for any of these occupations are not comparable to data previously published.

The revised occupational descriptions are included in appendix B.

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Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

OFFICE

BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows:

Biller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges, and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine). Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc . , which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes, and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles, and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.

Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

CLERK, ACCOUNTING

Class A . Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary

21


22

ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; and may direct class B accounting clerks.

Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.

CLERK, FILE

Class A . In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks.

Class B. Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files.

Class C. Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system ( e .g . , alphabetical, chronological, or numerical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Performs simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files.

CLERK, ORDER

Receives customers' orders for material or merchandise by mail,phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following;Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items

C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G — Continued C L E R K , O R D ER — Continued

to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders.

CLERK, PAYROLL

Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; and posting c alculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out pay- checks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.

COMPTOMETER OPERATOR

Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathematical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties.

DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.

KEYPUNCH OPERATOR

Class A . Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source documents to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application


K EYP U N C H O PER A TO R — Continued

of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators.

Class B. Under close supervision or following specific procedures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc. , are referred to supervisor.

OFFICE BOY OR GIRL

Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.

SECRETARY

Assigned as personal secretary, normally to one individual. Maintains a close and highly responsive relationship to the day-to-day work activities of the supervisor. Works fairly independently receiving a minimum of detailed supervision and guidance. Performs varied clerical and secretarial duties, usually including most of the following: (a) Receivestelephone calls, personal callers, and incoming mail, answers routine inquiries, and routes the technical inquiries to the proper persons; (b) establishes, maintains, and revises the supervisor's files; (c) maintains the supervisor's calendar and makes appointments as instructed; (d) relays messages from supervisor to subordinates; (e) reviews correspondence, memoranda, and reports prepared by others for the supervisor's signature to assure procedural and typographic accuracy; and (f) performs stenographic and typing work.

May also perform other clerical and secretarial tasks of comparable nature and difficulty. The work typically requires knowledge of office routine and understanding of the organization, programs, and procedures related to the work of the supervisor.

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SECRETARY— Continued

Exclusions

Not all positions that are titled "secretary" possess the above characteristics. Examples of positions which are excluded from the definition are as follows: (a) Positions which do not meet the "personal"secretary concept described above; (b) stenographers not fully trained in secretarial type duties; (c) stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of professional, technical, or managerial persons; (d) secretary positions in which the duties are either substantially more routine or substantially more complex and responsible than those characterized in the definition; and(e) assistant type positions which involve more difficult or more responsible technical, administrative, supervisory, or specialized clerical duties which are not typical of secretarial work.

NOTE: The term "corporate officer," used in the level definitionsfollowing, refers to those officials who have a significant corporate-wide policymaking role with regard to major company activities. The title "vice president, " though normally indicative of this role, does not in all cases identify such positions. Vice presidents whose primary responsibility is to act personally on individual cases or transactions (e. g. , approve or deny individual loan or credit actions; administer individual trust accounts; directly supervise a clerical staff) are not considered to be "corporate officers" for purposes of applying the following level definitions.

Class A

a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of acompany that employes, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 persons; or

b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 5, 000 but fewer than 25, 000 persons; or

c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the corporateofficer level) of a major segment or subsidiary of a company that employs, in all, over 25, 000 persons.

Class B

a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of acompany that employs, in all, fewer than 100 persons; or

b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5 ,000 persons; or


24

SECRETARY— Continued

c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the officer level) over either a major corporate-wide functional activity (e. g. , marketing, research, operations, industrial relations, etc. ) or a major geographic or organizational segment (e. g. , a regional headquarters; a major division) of a company that employs, in all, over 5 ,000 but fewer than 25,000 employees; or

d. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, over 5,000 persons; or

e. Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational segment (e. g. , a middle management supervisor of an organizational segment often involving as many as several hundred persons) of a company that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons.

Class C

a. Secretary to an executive or managerial person whose responsibility is not equivalent to one of the specific level situations in the definition for class B, but whose subordinate staff normally numbers at least several dozen employees and is usually divided into organizational segments which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or two; or

b. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, fewer than5,000 persons.

Class D

a. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a small organizational unit (e. g. , fewer than about 25 or 30 persons); or

b. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, professionalemployee, administrative officer, or assistant, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE: Many companies assign stenographers, rather than secretaries asdescribed above, to this level of supervisory or nonsupervisory worker. )

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL

Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy.

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL— Continued

May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator. )

STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR

Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc.

OR

Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evidenced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general business and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc. ; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Class A. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. Performs full telephone information service or handles complex calls, such as conference, collect, overseas, or similar calls, either in addition to doing routine work as described for switchboard operator, class B, or as a full-tim e assignment. ("Full" telephone information service occurs when the establishment has varied functions that are not readily understandable: for telephone information purposes, e. g. , because of overlapping or interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent problems as to which extensions are appropriate for calls. )

Class B. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. May handle routine long distance calls and record tolls. May perform limited telephone information service. ("Limited" telephone information service occurs if the functions of the establishment serviced are readily understandable for te lephone information purposes, or if the requests are routine, e. g. , giving eAension numbers when specific names are furnished, or if complex calls are referred to another operator. )


SW ITCH BO A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T

In addition to performing duties of operator on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard.

TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Class A . Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical accounting machines, typically including such machines as the tabulator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs complete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators.

Class B. Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wiring from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabulations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine.

Class C. Operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc. , with

25

T A B U LA T IN G -M A C H IN E O PER A TO R — Continued

specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or repetitive operations.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL

Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.

TYPIST

Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail.

Class A . Performs one or more of the following: Typing material in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctuation, etc. , of technical or unusual words or foreign language material; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances.

Class B. Performs one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, e tc .; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already setup and spaced properly.


26

PROFESSIONAL

DRAFTSMAN

Class A. Plans the graphic presentation of complex items having distinctive design features that differ significantly from established drafting precedents. Works in close support with the design originator, and may recommend minor design changes. Analyzes the effect of each change on the details of form, function, and positional relationships of components and parts. Works with a minimum of supervisory assistance. Completed work is reviewed by design originator for consistency with prior engineering determinations. May either prepare drawings, or direct their preparation by lower level draftsmen.

Class B. Performs nonroutine and complex drafting assignments that require the application of most of the standardized drawing techniques regularly used. Duties typically involve such work as: Prepares working drawings of subassemblies with irregular shapes, multiple functions, and precise positional relationships between components; prepares architectural drawings for construction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, wall sections, floor plans, and roof. Uses accepted formulas and manuals in making necessary computations to determine quantities of materials to be used, load capacities, strengths, stresses, etc. Receives initial instructions, requirements, and advice from supervisor. Completed work is checked for technical adequacy.

Class C. Prepares detail drawings of single units or parts for engineering, construction, manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include isometric projections (depicting three dimensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to clarify positioning of components and convey needed information. Consolidates details from a number of sources and adjusts or transposes scale as required.

AND TECHNI CAL

DRAFTSMAN Continued

Suggested methods of approach, applicable precedents, and advice on source materials are given with initial assignments. Instructions are less complete when assignments recur. Work may be spot-checked during progress.

DRAFTSMAN-TRACER

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not include tracing limited to plans primarily consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring close delineation.)

and/orPrepares simple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized items. Work is closely supervised during progress.

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)

A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.

MAI NTENANCE AND POWERPLANT

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE— Continued

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools,

and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


E L E C T R IC IA N , M A IN TEN A N CE

Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following; Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipmentsuch as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps;, making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded.

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER

Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom e quipme nt.

HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES

Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping

27

a woiker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis.

H ELP ER , M A IN TEN A N CE TR A D ES— Continued

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planningand performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist's handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


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MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE

Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.

MILLWRIGHT

Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

OILER

Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.

PAINTER, MAINTENANCE

Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE

Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, o:r other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded.

PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE

Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires iounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


2 9

Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metalworking machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

(Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker)

Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work in

S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K ER , M A IN TEN A N CE TO O L AN D D IE M A KER— Continued

volves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

C US T ODI A L AND MA TERI A L MOVEMENT

ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER

Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded.

GUARD

Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering.

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER

(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)

Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER—Continued

or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING

(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)

A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded.


30

ORDER FILLER

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)

Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers' orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties.

PACKER, SHIPPING

Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sea ling con ta in er; and app lying la b e ls or entering id en tify in g data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK

Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows:

Receiving clerkShipping clerkShipping and receiving clerk

TRUCKD RIVER

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded.

For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.)

Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1V2 tons)Truckdriver, medium (1V2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Tmckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)

TRUCKER, POWER

Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows:

Trucker, power (forklift)Tmcker, power (other than forklift)

WATCHMAN

Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry.


Available On Request—

The sixth annual report on salaries for accountants, auditors, attorneys, chemists, engineers, engineering technicians, draftsmen, tracers, job analysts, directors of personnel, managers of office services, and clerical employees.

Order as BLS Bulletin 1469, National Survey of Professional, Administrative, Technical, and Clerical Pay, February—March 1965. 45 cents a copy.


Area Wage Surveys*

A l is t of the la te s t ava ilab le bu lletins is p resented below. A d ire c to ry indicating dates of e a r lie r studies, and the p rices of the bulletins is ava ilab le on req u est. B u lletins m ay be purchased fro m the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. G overnm ent Prin ting O ffice, Washington, D. C. , 20402, o r fro m any of the BLS reg ional sa les o ffices shown on the inside fron t co v e r.

B ulletin num berA rea and p rice

A kron , O hio, June 1965------------------------------------------------------ 1430-78 , 25 cen tsA lbany—Schenectady—T ro y , N. Y . , A p r . 1966 1________ 1465-60 , 25 cen tsA lbu qu erque, N. M ex. , A p r . 1 9 6 6 1 ____________________ 1465-64 , 25 cen tsA llentow n—B eth leh em —E aston , P a .—N .J ., F eb . 1966 1 __ 1465-53 , 25 cen tsA tlanta, Ga. , M ay 1966 1_________________________________ 1465-71 , 30 cen tsB a lt im o re , Md. , N ov. 1 965______________________________ 1465-29 , 25 cen tsB eaum ont—P ort A rthu r—O range, T e x ., M ay 1966 1 ___ 1465-63 , 25 cen tsB irm in gh am , A la . , A p r . 1966------------------------------------------ 1465-56 , 20 cen tsB o ise C ity , Idaho, July 1 965_____________________________ 1465-1 , 20 cen tsB oston , M a s s . , O ct. 1965 1 ______________________________ 1465-12 , 30 cen tsB u ffa lo , N. Y . , D ec . 1965______________________________ 1465-36 , 25 cen tsB u rlington , Vt. , M a r. 1 966 ---------------------------------------------- 1465-54 , 20 cen tsCanton, O h io ,'A p r . 1966 1 ------------------------------------------------ 1465-58 , 25 cen tsC h ar leston , W. V a. , A p r . 1966 1_________________________ 1465-70 , 25 cen tsC h arlo tte , N .C . , A p r . 1 9 6 6 1------------------------------------------- 1465-67 , 25 cen tsC hattanooga, Tenn. —Ga. , Sept. 1965___________________ 1465-7 , 20 cen tsC h ica go , 111., A p r . 1966 1-------------------------------------------------- 1465-68 , 30 cen tsC in cinn ati, Ohio—K y. —Ind. , M ar. 1966 1_______________ 1465-57 , 25 cen tsC leve la n d , O hio, Sept. 1965--------------------------------------------- 1465-8 , 25 cen tsC olu m bu s, O hio, O ct. 1965_______________________________ 1465-15 , 25 cen tsD a lla s , T e x . , N ov. 1965_________________________________ 1465-24 , 25 cen tsD avenport—R ock Island—M olin e , Iowa—111. ,

O ct. 1965-— _-_-_________________________________________ 1465-16 , 20 cen tsD ayton, O hio, Jan. 1 9 6 6 1________________________________ 1465-39 , 25 cen tsD en v er, C o lo . , D ec . 1 9 6 5 1 ______________________________ 1465-33 , 30 cen tsD es M oin es , Iow a, F eb . 1966 1__________________________ 1465-48 , 25 cen tsD etro it, M ic h ., Jan. 1966________________________________ 1465-45 , 25 cen tsF o r t W orth, T ex . , N ov. 1965____________________________ 1465-26 , 20 cen tsG reen B ay, W is . , Aug. 1965_____________________________ 1465-4 , 20 cen tsG re e n v ille , S. C . , M ay 1965_____________________________ 1430-69 , 20 cen tsH ouston , T ex . , June 1965-------------------------------------------------- 1430-82 , 25 cen tsIn d ianap olis , In d ., D ec. 1965 1---------------------------------------- 1465-31 , 30 cen ts

J ack son , M is s . , F eb . 1966 1_____________________________ 1465-44 , 25 cen tsJ a ck so n v ille , F la . , Jan. 1 9 6 6 ----------------------------------------- 1465-41 , 20 cen tsK ansas C ity , M o .-K a n s . , N ov. 1 9 6 5 1 _________________ 1465-27 , 30 cen tsL a w ren ce—H av erh ill, M a s s .—N .H . , June 1965________ 1430-75 , 20 cen tsL ittle R ock —N orth L ittle R ock , A rk . , Aug. 1965______ 1465-6 , 20 cen tsL os A n g e les—Long B each and A naheim —Santa A n a -

G arden G rov e , C a l i f . , M ar. 1966 * ___________________ 1465-59 , 30 cen tsL o u is v ille , K y .—Ind. , F eb . 1966________________________ 1465-51 , 20 cen tsL u bbock , T e x ., June 1965________________________________ 1430-73 , 20 cen tsM a n ch ester , N. H. , Aug. 1965___________________________ 1465-2 , 20 cen tsM em ph is, T e n n .—A rk . , Jan. 1966 1_____________________ 1465-42 , 30 cen tsM iam i, F la . , D ec . 1965 *-------------------------------------------------- 1465-30 , 25 cen tsM idland and O d essa , T ex --------------------------------------------------- (Not previously surveyed)

Bulletin numberArea and price

M ilw aukee, W is. , A p r . 1966------------------------------------------- 1465-61 , 20 cen tsM in neap olis—St. P au l, M in n ., Jan. 1966--------------------- 1465-38 , 25 cen tsM uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ic h ., M ay 1966 1______ 1465-72 , 25 cen tsN ew ark and J e r s e y C ity , N. J. , F eb . 1966 1____________ 1465-50 , 30 cen tsNew H aven, C o n n ., Jan. 1966 1 -------------------------------------- 1465-37 , 25 cen tsNew O rlea n s, L a . , F eb . 1966 ---------------------------------------- 1465-47 , 20 cen tsNew Y ork , N. Y . , A p r . 1965 1 __________________________ 1430-80 , 40 cen tsN orfo lk —P ortsm ou th and N ew port N ews—

Ham pton, V a. , June 1965 1 ------------------------------------------- 1430-77 , 25 cen tsOklahom a C ity , O kla. , Aug. 1 9 6 5 ______________________ 1465-5 , 20 cen tsOm aha, N ebr. —Iow a, O ct. 1965 1 _______________________ 1465-13 , 25 cen tsP a terson —C lifton r-P a ssa ic , N. J. , M ay 1965___________ 1430-71 , 25 cen tsP h iladelp h ia , P a .—N. J. , N ov. 1 9 6 5 * ---------------------------- 1465-35 , 35 cen tsP h oenix , A r iz . , M ar. 1966 1------------------------------------------- 1465-62 , 25 cen tsP ittsbu rgh , P a . , Jan. 1966---------------------------------------------- 1465-46 , 25 cen tsP ortland , M aine, N ov. 1965 1------------------------------------------ 1465-23 , 25 cen tsP ortland , O reg . —W ash. , M ay 1965-------------------------------- 1430-70 , 25 cen tsP ro v id e n ce —P aw tucket—W arw ick , R. I .—M a ss. ,

M ay 1 966__________________________________________________ 1465-65 , 2 5 cen tsR aleigh , N. C. , Sept. 1965 1_____________________________ 1465-10 , 25 cen tsR ich m on d, V a. , N ov. 1965 1 ------------------------------------------- 1465-28 , 30 cen tsR ock ford , 111., M ay 1966 1_______________________________ 1465-66 , 25 cen tsSt. L ou is , M o .—111., O ct. 1965_________________________ 1465-22 , 25 cen tsSalt Lake C ity , Utah, D ec . 1 9 6 5 ------------------------------------ 1465-32 , 20 cen tsSan A nton io, T e x ., June 1965 1_________________________ 1430-81 , 25 cen tsSan B ern a rd in o—R iv e r s id e —O ntario , C a lif. ,

Sept. 1965 1_______________________________________________ 1465-20 , 30 cen tsSan D iego , C a l i f . , N ov. 1 965___________________________ 1465-21 , 20 cen tsSan F r a n c is c o —Oakland, C a l i f . , Jan. 1966 1------------------- 1465-43 , 30 cen tsSan J o se , C a l i f . , Sept. 1965 1------------------------------------------ 1465-19 , 25 cen tsSavannah, Ga. , M ay 1966 1----------------------------------------------- 1465-69 , 25 cen tsScranton , P a . , Aug. 1965 1---------------------------------------------- 1465-3 , 25 cen tsSeattle—E v ere tt, W a sh ., O ct. 1965 1----------------------------- 1465-9 . 30 cen ts

Sioux F a lls , S. D a k ., O ct. 1965 1_______________________ 1465-17 , 25 cen tsSouth Bend, In d ., M ar. 1966 1__________________________ 1465-55 , 25 cen tsSpokane, W a sh ., June 1965 1____________________________ 1430-79 , 25 cen tsT o led o , Ohio—M ich . , F eb . 1966________________________ 1465-49 , 20 cen tsT renton , N. J. , D ec . 1965_______________________________ 1465-34 , 20 centsW ashington, D. C. —M d. —V a. , O ct. 1965---------------------- 1465-14 , 25 centsW aterbury , C o n n ., M ar. 1966 1________________________ 1465-52 , 25 cen tsW a terloo , Iow a, N ov. 1 965______________________________ 1465-18 , 20 centsW ichita , K ans. , O ct. 1965_______________________________ 1465-11 , 20 centsW o rc e s te r , M a s s . , June 1 965__________________________ 1430-76 , 25 centsY ork , P a . , F eb . 1 9 6 6 1---------------------------------------------------- 1465-40 , 25 cen tsYoungstow n—W arren , O hio, N ov. 1965 1 ______________ 1465-25 , 25 cen ts

1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. * Bulletins dated before July 1965 were entitled "Occupational Wage Surveys."


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