bls_1339_1962.pdf

Analysis of

WORK STOPPAGES

1961

# T r e n d s

# S ize a n d d u r a t i o n

# Is s u e s

§ I n d u s t r i e s a n d lo c a l i t i e s a f fe c t e d

# D e t a i l s of m a j o r s t o p p a g e s

Bulletin No. 1339

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Analysis of

WORK STOPPAGES

1961

Bulletin No. 1339

October 1962

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU O F LABO R STA T IST ICS Ewan C lague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. • 35 centsDigitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Preface

T his b u lle tin p re se n ts a d e ta iled s ta t is t ica l a n a ly s is o f w ork stoppages in 19&1, continuing an annual fe a tu re o f the B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tis tics p ro g ra m in the f ie ld o f in d u str ia l re la t io n s . P r e lim in a r y m on th ly e s tim a tes o f the le v e l o f s tr ik e (o r lock ou t) a ctiv ity fo r the United States as a w h ole a re is s u e d about 30 days a fte r the end o f the m onth o f r e fe r e n c e and a re a va ila b le upon req u est. P r e lim in a ry e s tim a te s fo r the en tire y e a r a re a v a ila b le at the year*s end; s e le c te d fin a l tabu lations a re is s u e d in A p r i l o f the fo llow in g y e a r .

A ppen dix C con ta in s a ch ro n o lo g y o f the m a r it im e stoppage on the A tla n tic , P a c i f i c , and G ulf C oasts in w h ich the e m e rg e n cy p r o v is io n s o f the T a ft-H a rtle y A c t w e re invoked by the P re s id e n t .

The m eth od s u sed in p rep a r in g w ork stoppage s ta t is t ic s a re d e s c r ib e d in appendix D.

The B ureau w ish es to ack n ow ledge the co o p e ra tio n o f e m p lo y e rs and e m p lo y e r a s s o c ia t io n s , la b o r u n ion s, the F e d e ra l M ed ia tion and C on cilia t ion S e r v ic e , and v a r io u s State a g e n c ie s in fu rn ish in g in fo rm a tion on w ork stop p a ges .

T his r e p o r t w as p re p a re d in the B u reau 1 s D iv is io n o f W ages and In d u stria l R e la tion s by L o re tto R . N olan tinder the d ir e c t io n o f J osep h W. B lo ch .

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Contents

Summary ----------------------------------------------------Trends in w ork stoppages _______________Types of disputes resulting in stoppagesSize o f stoppages __________________________Duration ___________________________________

Industries affected _____________________________Stoppages by location __________________________

M etropolitan areas ________________________Monthly t r e n d s __________________________________

P roced u re fo r handling unsettled issues _______

Chart: Trends in w ork stoppages

T a b les :

Page

1112334 4 445 5 556 6

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1. W ork stoppages in the United States, 1927—61 ____________________________________ 72. W ork stoppages involving 10, 000 or m ore w ork ers, se lected periods -------------- 83. W ork stoppages by month, 1960—61 _________________________________________________ 84. Work stoppages by contract status and m ajor issues, 1961---------------------------------- 95. M ajor issues involved in w ork stoppages, 1961 __________________________________ 106. W ork stoppages by industry group, 1961 ___________________________________________ 127. W ork stoppages by region , 1961 and I960 ______________________________________ 138. W ork stoppages by State, 1961 _____________________________________________________ 149. W ork stoppages by m etropolitan area, 1961 _______________________________________ 15

10. W ork stoppages by affiliation of unions involved, 1961____________________________ 1611. Work stoppages by con tract status and size of stoppage, 1961 __________________ 1712. Work stoppages by num ber of establishm ents involved, 1961 ___________________ 1813. Work stoppages involving 10,000 or m ore w orkers beginning in 1 9 6 1 ___________ 1914. W ork stoppages by duration and contract status ending in 1961 _________________ 2315. M ediation and type o f governm ent m ediation in w ork stoppages by

contract status ending in 1961 ___________________________________________________ 2416. Settlement o f stoppages by contract status ending in 1961________________________ 2517. P rocedure for handling unsettled issues in w ork stoppages by

contract status ending in 1961 _____________________________________________________ 26

A ppendixes:

A. Tables— Work stoppages:A - 1. W ork stoppages by industry, 1961 __________________________________________ 27A -2 . W ork stoppages by industry group and m ajor issu es, 1961 ------------------------ 29A - 3. W ork stoppages in States having 25 or m ore stoppages

A -4 . W ork stoppages by industry group and contract status, 1961 ______________ 39B. Data on strike issues _______________________________________________________________ 41C. The M aritim e Industry Strike, Atlantic, P a cific , and Gulf C oasts, 1961 -------- 43D. Scope, m ethods, and definitions ___________________________________________________ 47


Analysis o f W ork Stoppages, 1961

Summary

S trik e1 idleness in 1961, at 16 ,300 ,000 m an-days, dropped to the low est annual level since 1944, slightly less than the previous postw ar low reached in 1957. This idleness accounted fo r 0. 14 percent o f the estim ated working tim e o f a ll em ployees in nonagricu l- tural establishm ents, excluding governm ent, as com pared with 0. 17 percent in I960.

The num ber o f work stoppages in 1961 (3, 367) was second low est in postw ar years, only slightly above the low reached in I960. The num ber o f w orkers involved (1 ,450 , 000), although 10 percent above the I960 level, was a lso low by postw ar standards.

The average duration o f stoppages— 23. 7 calendar days— was slightly above I960, both being high by postw ar standards.

There w ere few er strikes involving 1, 000 o r m ore w orkers than in any postw ar year. The 14 stoppages each involved 10,000 w ork ers o r m ore , including the West Coast m a r itim e dispute which was ended by a Taft- Hartley injunction.

Three-fifths of the strikes beginning in the year w ere caused by disputes arising out o f the renegotiation o f an agreem ent, either upon expiration or reopening, o r in the n e gotiation of a firs t agreem ent. A third o f the stoppages took place while an agreem ent was in effect and did not involve contract changes. F our-fifths o f the idleness was attributed to stoppages that o ccu rred during the ren egotiation of contracts.

Trends in Work Stoppages

L a b o r -m a n a g e m e n t disputes in 1961 brought about a total of 3, 367 strikes or lockouts involving at least s ix w orkers and lasting at least a full day or shift (table 1). This volum e of work s t o p p a g e s w a s only 1 percent above the I960 level, when the

1 The term s "w ork stoppages" and "s tr ik e s " are used interchangeably in this bulletin. Strikes, in this specia l use, would thus include lockouts.

low est annual total since 1942 was reached, and was about 18 percent below the 1946-60 annual average.

Stoppages b e g i n n i n g in 1961 involved1 ,450 ,000 w orkers, o r 3 .2 percent o f total em ploym ent in nonagricultural establishm ents, exclusive o f governm ent. Since 1942, only 1957 and I960 had low er levels o f total w ork ers involved, and only 6 years since 1932 had low er levels in relation to the total number o f w orkers em ployed in industry. (See chart). A ll stoppages in effect during 1961 resulted in 16 ,300 ,000 m an-days o f id leness, o r 0 .14 percent o f the estim ated working tim e o f a ll w orkers in nonagricultural establishm ents, excluding governm ent.2 Strike id leness in 1961, which was s l i g h t l y b e l o w the 1957 level, thus reached the low est annual leve l since W orld War II. The percent of w ork ing tim e lost through strikes in 1961 was less than half o f the annual average for the 14 years after 1946.

Types o f Disputes Resulting in Stoppages 3

Although a b o u t f o u r - f i f t h s o f 1961*s strike id leness resulted from disputes a r is ing out o f the renegotiation of agreem ent term s, either at the expiration of the a g re e ment or through the ex erc ise of reopening p riv ileges , this type o f stoppage accounted fo r less than half o f the year*s strikes (table 4). A lm ost a third o f the stoppages a rose from disputes during the term of existing agreem ents, where the negotiation o f new agreem ent term s was not involved. Disputes arising in the negotiation of the firs t a g re e ment o r over union recogn ition w ere respon sible fo r 15 percent o f the stoppages but only 6 percent o f lost tim e.

2 Strike idleness in the United States, including governm ent, is estim ated at 0.12 percent o f working tim e lost.

3 Beginning in m id -1960, the Bureau of Labor Statistics c la ss ified strikes a c co rd ing to the status o f the union-m anagem ent agreem ent at the start o f the stoppage. Some o f these data w ere presented in the I960 annual report, even though somewhat incom plete. F or 1961, the Bureau obtained virtually co m plete coverage.


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Chart: Trends in W ork Stoppages, 1961 P artia l data available fo r the previous year do not perm it a p re c ise com parison , but they do re fle ct little change in the a llocation o f lost tim e among the d ifferent types of d is putes, as shown below .

Percent of total man-days of idleness

1960 1961All stoppages --------------------------------- 100.0 100.0

Negotiation of first agreement orunion recognition ------------------------ 3.7 6.0

Renegotiation of agreement(expiration or reopening) ------------- 85.0 81.3

During term of agreement (negotiation of new agreementnot involved)------------------------ ------- 8.5 11.6

Other ----------------------------- ----------— .2 .3Insufficient information to

classify --------------------------------------- 2.6 .8

Size o f Stoppages

Of the 3 ,367 stoppages in 1961, 195, o r few er than in any postw ar year, d irectly a ffected at least 1,000 w orkers (table 11). These la rger strikes accounted fo r about 70 percent o f a ll w orkers in 1961 stoppages and slightly m ore than 60 percent o f total strike id leness. Two out o f three of the la rg er stoppages o c curred in the renegotiation o f agreem ent term s; with the exception o f five stoppages, the rem ainder arose during the term of the agreem ent. Three out o f five stoppages in volved few er than 100 w orkers, but accounted fo r only 5 percent o f the w orkers and about 7 percent o f the id leness attributable to all 1961 stoppages.

Fourteen stoppages beginning in 1961 in volved 10, 000 w orkers o r m ore , as com pared with 17 in I960, and 20 in 1959 (table 13). These 14 stoppages, d irectly affecting about600,000 w orkers, contributed alm ost a third o f total strike id leness. Among the largest stoppages w ere those involving the G eneral M otors Corp. (239,000 w orkers), the F ord M otor Co. (116, 000 w orkers), m a jor a irlines in 44 States (73, 000 w orkers), the m aritim e industry on the East, West, and Gulf Coasts (about 25,000 w orkers),4 and C aterpillar T r a c tor Co. plants in Illinois, Iowa, and P ennsylvania (18, 000 w orkers).

As in the past 11 yea rs , approxim ately three-fourths of the stoppages w ere confined to one establishm ent (table 12). E leven o r m ore establishm ents w ere involved in 177

4 See footnote 6, table 13.


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stoppages, accounting fo r half o f the w ork ers involved in a ll stoppages. C orresponding figures fo r I960 w ere 191 stoppages a ffe c ting 36 percent of the w orkers. Roughly, 1 out o f 10 multi establishm ent stoppages (2 or m ore establishm ents) cro sse d State lines.

Duration

The average duration o f strikes (23.7 ca lendar days) rem ained high by postw ar standards. A lm ost 1 out o f 4 lasted a month or m ore and 191 stoppages rem ained in effect fo r 90 days o r m ore (table 14). The p e r s is t ence o f long stoppages is re flected in the figures below .

Year

Number of stoppages

lasting 1 month or more

Percent of all

stoppages

1946 ---------------- ---- 1,209 24.21947 ---------------- 964 25.61948 ................... 777 22.91949................... 773 21.51950 ................... 879 18.31951................... 735 15.41952 ................... 976 19.21953 ---------------- ---- 1,045 20.51954................... 21.61955 ................... 768 17.81956 ---------------- 698 18.31957 ---------------- 19.71958 ---------------- 20.21959 ---------------- 898 24.0I960---------------- 725 21.71961---------------- 22.7

As might be expected, stoppages arising during the term of an agreem ent w ere m ore quickly settled than other types o f disputes. A pproxim ately 70 percent w ere term inated within a week, and only about 6 percent lasted fo r 30 days o r longer. In contrast, about 40 percent o f the stoppages arising in the n egotiation o f the firs t agreem ent or in con nection with union recognition lasted at least 1 month.

A fourth o f the stoppages involving 1,000 w orkers o r m ore lasted fo r a month o r longer. Two stoppages in the construction industry had the longest duration o f the 14 m ajor strikes—one in the Philadelphia area (61 days) and one in the M inneapolis—St. Paul area (58 days). The F ord M otor strike lasted for 19 d a y s ,5 the General M otors strike fo r 20 days, the airlines stoppage fo r 7 days, and

5 M ost w orkers returned after 13 days; a few thousand w ere idle 19 days.

the m aritim e stoppage on the East, West, and Gulf Coasts was ended by a Taft-H artley in ju n ction 6 after 18 days.

Of the 20 industry groups in which 50 o r m ore stoppages w ere recorded in 1961 (table 6), the follow ing 5 had at least 30 percent o f its stoppages last for a month o r m ore : F ab ricated m etal products; m ach inery (except e lectr ica l); lum ber and wood products; fu rn iture and fixtures; and printing, publishing, and allied industries.

M ajor Issues

About fou r-fifths o f the stoppages arising out of contract renegotiations centered m ainly on demands fo r general wage in creases and supplem entary benefits (table 4). M atters dealing with union organization and union s e curity w ere predom inant among the m a jor i s sues in strikes arising out o f the negotiation of the fir s t agreem ent or union recognition, while stoppages during the term of agreem ent w ere concerned m ainly with job security , plant adm inistration, and interunion or in tra - union m atters.

A ltogether, demands fo r general wage in crea ses , with o r without demands fo r new or better supplem entary benefits, w ere the m ajor issues in 2 out o f 5 strikes and accounted fo r a corresponding proportion o f strike idleness (table 5). 7 Union organization and security issu es, ch iefly involving recognition, was the next m ost frequent m a jor issue (15 percent o f a ll stoppages).

Plant adm inistration issu es, including disputes over d iscip line and discharge and o n -th e-job working conditions o r standards, w ere predom inant in nearly 1 out o f 7 stop pages, including the G eneral M otors and F ord strikes (c la ss ified as "o th er11)* In both ca ses , the econom ic term s of the com pany wide con tracts with the UAW had been agreed upon ea rlie r and the subsequent strikes involved issues at the lo ca l plant level. Among the disputed issues at General M otors plants w ere

6 This was the only P residentia l use o f the National E m ergency prov isions o f the A ct during 1961.

7 The rev ised form o f the table on m ajor issues in work stoppages represents the firs t m a jor change in presentation since 1927. A change from 3 to 5 m a jor groups was made in 1942, but the individual item s rem ained about the sam e. In 1949, pensions and socia l insurance benefits either alone o r in com bination with wages w ere added. A link between the rev ised method and the p r e vious m ethod is presented in appendix B.


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p r o d u c t i o n standards, nondiscrim ination, rules on com pulsory overtim e, sen iority , scheduling o f re lie f tim e, wage inequities, rules relating to stew ards, and supplies of safety equipment. At F ord plants, the i s sues included production standards, job c la s sifica tion fo r sk illed trades w orkers, outside contracting, rotation o f overtim e, job posting o f prom otions, and additional com pany-paid union representatives.

Job secu rity issues w ere paramount in a lm ost 250 strikes resulting in 1 .8 m illion m an-days o f id leness. Seniority and layoff disputes w ere m ost frequent. The in troduction of new m achinery or other technological changes was sp ecifica lly identified as the ch ief issue in only 11 stoppages.

About half o f the stoppages lasting fo r a month o r longer involved general wage change issu es , and about a fourth involved union o r ganization and secu rity issu es.

Among the la rger stoppages (1 ,000 w orkers or m ore), m a jor issues appeared with the follow ing frequency:

Percent

All large strikes ------------------------------- 100.0

General wage changes---- -------------- — 45.7Supplementary benefits; no general

wage change---------------------------------- 4.1Wage adjustments --------------------------- 4.1Union organization and security------— 6.7Job security-------------------------------------- 12.8Plant administration ------------------------ 17.9Other working conditions------------------- 1.5Interunion or intraunion matters

(generally involves 2 unions) --------- 7. 2Not reported ------------------------------------

Industries A ffected

The num ber o f w orkers involved in stop pages in manufacturing industries in creased by 27 percent over I960, but was 30 percent low er than 1959 leve ls , and 40 percent b e low 1958. M an-days o f idleness in m anufacturing industries dropped 12 percent below I960 and was at the low est level since 1957. The num ber o f nonmanufacturing industry stoppages was slightly higher than in m anufacturing, but w orkers and idleness w ere low er. A ll three m easures o f strike activity in nonmanufacturing dropped from I960 leve ls .

Strike idleness was reduced from I960 levels in 15 o f the industry groups identified in table 6. 8 Some o f the changes w ere substantial, including a 65-percen t reduction in the p rim ary m etals group and 43 percent in e le c tr ica l m achinery.

Although strike id leness in contract con struction, the highest among industry groups in 1961, amounted to about 3*4 m illion m an- days, it was at the low est level recorded fo r this industry since 1956 and was over a fifth below I960 i d l e n e s s . The transportation equipment industry group, with 2 .5 m illion m an-days o f id leness, was a lm ost a third low er than in I960, although affected by two m ajor autom obile strikes. These two big strikes w ere a lso responsible fo r the high number of w orkers involved (297, 000) in transportation equipment strik es, an in crease o f m ore than 50 percent over I960.

The percent of estim ated total working tim e lost through strike id leness was highest in transportation equipment industries (0. 65 percent), petroleum refining (0.61 percent), contract construction (0. 50 percent), and fabricated m etal products (0 .41 percent).

Stoppages by Location

R egions. A ll m easures o f strike activity showed an in crease over I960 in three r e gions— the East North Central, West South Central, and P a c ific . The m a jor strikes in the autom obile industry affected a ll States in the East North Central region. The substantial in crease in idleness in the West South Central region was due largely to a con stru ction strike in the Houston, Tex. area, which lasted 24 days. A large strike in the m etal trades industry in C alifornia ra ised the id le ness level in the P a cific region. The number o f w orkers in creased slightly in the Mountain region, but id leness was low er in this region as w ell as in the New England, Middle A tlantic , and West Central regions. In the South Atlantic and East South Central regions, all m easures o f strike activity w ere low er than in I960.

States. Strike id leness exceeded a m illion m an-days in each o f five States (table 8). New Y ork was highest with 1 ,860 ,000 m an- days; next in ord er w ere M ichigan, 1,820,000; Pennsylvania, 1 ,730 ,000 ; Ohio, 1 ,420 ,000 ; and C alifornia, 1 ,110 ,000 . New Y ork was affected by eight of the m a jor strikes, which accounted fo r alm ost a third o f the State1 s

8 Work stoppages by industry group, related to contract status at the time the strike began, are shown in appendix table A -4.


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id leness. In both New Y ork and Pennsylvania, how ever, idleness was at the low est level since 1957. In M ichigan, tw o-th irds o f the m an-days o f idleness o ccu rred in the m ajor strikes, particu larly the F ord and General M otors stoppages. M ichigan’ s id leness was substantially higher than in I960 but m uch below that o f 1958 and 1959.

In the sam e five States in which the highest amount o f idleness was recorded , the num ber o f w orkers involved in stoppages was a lso re latively high. Four of the States had m ore than 100, 000 w orkers in strikes and the fifth, C alifornia, had 99, 000. Noteworthy among the strike record s o f these States was the fact that the num ber o f w orkers idled by strikes in Pennsylvania in 1961 reached the low est leve l since 1940.

Six o f the 14 m ajor strikes o f 1961 w ere confined to 1 State; the other 8 crossed State lines. The stoppage on severa l a irlines early in the year affected w orkers in 44 States; the F ord strike spread into 24 States; and the General M otors and the m aritim e strikes a ffected w orkers in 17 States each.

The percent of estim ated total working tim e in nonagricultural e m p l o y m e n t lost through strike idleness was highest in A laska (0 .49 percent), follow ed by M ichigan (0 .38 percent). Other States with relatively high strike idleness ratios w ere Utah (0. 24 p e r cent), Delaware (0 .23 percent), Oregon and M innesota (0. 22 percent), and C olorado, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and W est V irgin ia (0.21 percent).

Leading the States in num ber o f stop pages w ere New York (421), Pennsylvania (393), Ohio (283), C a l i f o r n i a (269), New J ersey (234), and Illinois (219). F ive States had few er than 10 stoppages each— Maine, Nevada, New Ham pshire, North Dakota, and South Carolina.

M etropolitan A re a s . In two m etrop o litan areas— New York City and Philadelphia— m ore than a m illion m an-days of id leness o c curred as a result o f strikes in 1961. D etroit idleness reached nearly a m illion m an-days (940, 000) and the w orkers involved (126,000), higher than any other area, w ere nearly double the number idle in Philadelphia (65,600), and 7, 000 above the number in New York City (119 ,000). In a ll m easures o f strike activity, the figures fo r D etroit w ere substantially b e low those o f 1958, another year in which the area was affected by m ajor autom obile strikes.

The num ber o f w orkers involved in the id le ness in the Houston m etropolitan area w ere the highest on r e c o r d ,9 largely as a result o f the 24-day construction stoppage o f 15,000 w orkers.

Monthly Trends

M ore than 300 stoppages started each month, from May through O ctober, carrying somewhat later into autumn the typical high strike period (table 3). Peak idleness was reached in Septem ber and O ctober, coinciding with the G eneral M otors and F ord strikes.

The follow ing tabulation shows the num ber o f new stoppages affecting m ore than1,000 w orkers, by month, fo r 1961, I960,and 1959.

1961 1960 1959

January-------------- ------- 10 13 14February ------------ ------- 9 12 13March---------------- -------- 13 20 21April —-------------- 24 21May------------------- ------- 22 31 35June ------------------ 32 34July------------------- 28 34August---------------- 24 26September--------- -------- 12 11 16October ------------- ------- 20 7 14Novem ber--------- -------- 19 12 11D ecem ber--------- ------- 6 8 6

Unions Involved

A s in the past 3 years, approxim ately three-fourths o f the stoppages involved a ffiliates o f the A F L -C IO (table 10). There was an in crease in 1961 over I960 in the num ber o f A F L -C IO m em bers on strike, while idleness declined. Strikes among m em bers o f unaffiliated unions w ere slightly above I960, w orkers involved w ere the sam e, and idleness was somewhat low er than in I960. No union was involved in 30 stoppages which affected about 2 ,000 w ork ers, as com pared with 38 stoppages involving slightly m ore than 4, 200 w orkers in I960.

M ediation

P arties to 44 out o f every 100 stoppages in 1961 reported receiv ing assistance from governm ent m ediators, in m o s t cases F ederal m ediators (table 15). These tended to be the la rger stoppages, involving three-fourths o f all w orkers in 1961 stoppages and m ore than fou r-fifths o f total id leness. M ediation made

9 P r io r to 1952, strike inform ation was confined to city boundaries.


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its greatest contribution in stoppages arising out o f the renegotiation o f contract term s, reported in 3 out o f 4 ca ses . R elatively few o f the stoppages arising during the term of the agreem ent involved m ediation. In total, about 2. 3 m illion m an-days were lost in unm ediated disputes, an amount less than half o f the I960 level.

Settlement

Seven out o f eight strikes in 1961 w ere term inated by agreem ent between the parties which returned the w orkers to their jobs (ta ble 16). In about 10 percent o f the stoppages, including the m aritim e strike ended by a Taft- Hartley injunction, work was resum ed without a form al settlem ent. In 37 instances, in volv ing 1,850 w orkers, the em ployer went out o f business, thereby term inating the dispute. One out o f four strikes over union recog n ition o r the negotiation of the firs t agreem ent ended without a settlem ent.

P rocedure fo r Handling Unsettled Issues

F or m ore than 500 stoppages, in form ation was available on the means by which

unsettled issues would be handled after the term ination o f the stoppage (table 17). In a fifth o f these instances, rem aining issues w ere to be arbitrated. In about a fourth, d irect negotiations between the parties w ere to take p lace . A sm all proportion (59 stop pages) w ere to be re fe rred to a governm ent agency. F or the rem ainder (229 stoppages), unsettled issues w ere to be resolved by v a r ious other m eans.

Of the 110 arbitration proceedings in stigated by strike settlem ents with unresolved issu es, 50 involved new (o r first) contract term s, 56 the interpretation o f contract language o r other m atters precipitating strikes during the term of the agreem ent, and in 4 cases contract status was not known.

Chief among the type o f issues rem ain ing to be settled after the w orkers returned to their job s , as shown in the tabulation b e low, w ere interunion m atters. The la rg er stoppages, how ever, tended to involve w ork ing conditions o r a com bination o f unsettled issu es .

Stoppages Workers involved Man-days idle

Percent Percent Percentof of of

Number total Number total Number total

Total stoppages covered 1 -------------- 100.0 186,000 100.0 1,700,000 100.0

Wages and hours---- ---------------------- 13.0 25, 800 13.9 305,000 17.9Fringe benefits — ---- ————----- 3.7 5, 560 3.0 94,200 5.5Union organization--------------------------------- 46 9.5 3,800 2.0 54,700 3.2Working conditions —-------------------- 19.0 72,300 38.9 669,000 39.3Interunion matters ----------------------- 48.2 16,500 8.9 80,000 4.7Combination-------------------------------- 4.1 37,700 20.3 198,000 11.6Other —— — —— — —— —— 2.3 24,000 12.9 300,000 17.6

Excludes those for which information was insufficient to classify.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.


Table 1. W ork Stoppages in the United States, 1927—61

Year

Work stoppages W orkers involved1 2 M an-days idle during year

NumberAverageduration

(calendardays)3

Number(thousands)

Percentof

totalemployed

Number(thousands)

Percent of estimated

total working

time

Perworker

involved

1927 . ................................ 707 26.5 330 1.4 26,200 0.37 79.51928 ______________________________ 604 27.6 314 1.3 12,600 .17 40.21929 ________________ ,_______ _____________ 921 22.6 289 1.2 5, 350 .07 18.51930 ---------------------------------------------- 637 22.3 183 .8 3, 320 .05 18.1

1931___________________ 810 18.8 342 1.6 6,890 .11 20.21932 - .______________ „__. ._,, 841 19.6 324 1.8 10,500 .23 32.41933 _ .. ...................................... 1,695 16.9 1, 170 6.3 16,900 .36 14.41934 ______________________________________„____..____... 1,856 19.5 1, 470 7.2 19,600 .38 13.41935 ---------------------------------------------- 2, 014 23.8 1, 120 5.2 15,500 .29 13.8

1936 ______________________________ 2, 172 23.3 789 3.1 13,900 .21 17.61937 ........................ 4, 740 20.3 1,860 7.2 28,400 .43 15.31938 ___________ ________ —, ..... 2, 772 23.6 688 2.8 9, 150 .15 13.31939 ........................................ 2,613 23.4 1, 170 4.7 17,800 .28 15.21940 ---------------------------------------------- 2, 508 20.9 577 2.3 6, 700 .10 11.6

1941 . . . - 4, 288 18.3 2, 360 8.4 23,000 .32 9.81942 ____ — 2, 968 11.7 840 2.8 4, 180 .05 5.01943 _ ____________ ,-.r_____.__ 3, 752 5.0 1,980 6.9 13,500 .15 6.81944 ______ _____________ r__ _̂_____ „ 4, 956 5.6 2, 120 7.0 8, 720 .09 4.11 9 4 5 ---------------------------------------------- 4,750 9.9 3, 470 12.2 38,000 .47 11.0

1946 ______________________________ 4, 985 24.2 4,600 14.5 116,000 1.43 25.21947 . -- . _ ___ ___ ... _ - - 3, 693 25.6 2, 170 6.5 34, 600 .41 15.91948 ______________________________ 3,419 21.8 1,960 5.5 34,100 .37 17.41949 ______________________________ 3, 606 22.5 3, 030 9.0 50, 500 .59 16.71950 ---------------------------------------------- 4, 843 19.2 2,410 6.9 38,800 .44 16.1

1 9 5 1 ______________________________ 4, 737 17.4 2, 220 5.5 22,900 .23 10.31952 _____________ ________■r.__ 5, 117 19.6 3,540 8.8 59,100 .57 16.71953 __,__r— _______ _________________________ 5, 091 20.3 2, 400 5.6 28,300 .26 11.81954 ■ ... .....- - ... -■ .. 3,468 22.5 1, 530 3.7 22,600 .21 14.71955 ....................................................... 4, 320 18i5 2,650 6.2 28,200 .26 10.7

1956 _______ _____________ 3, 825 18.9 1,900 4.3 33,100 .29 17.41957 ____________________________________________________________ 3,673 19.2 1, 390 3.1 16,500 .14 11.41958 - ..............................- ______________ 3,694 19.7 2,060 4.8 23,900 .22 11.61959 — .............. .................................................. 3, 708 24.6 1 , 880 4.3 69, 000 .61 36.71960 - - - __ __________ ______ ........ 3, 333 23.4 1, 320 3.0 19, 100 .17 14.51961 ............ ............................. 3, 367 23.7 1, 450 3.2 16,300 .14 11.2

1 The number of stoppages and w orkers relate to those beginning in the year; average duration, to those ending in the year. M an-days o f idleness include all stoppages in effect.

Available information for earlier periods appears in Handbook of Labor Statistics, BLS Bulletin 1016 (1951), table E -2 . F or a discussion o f the procedures involved in the collection and com pilation of work stoppages statistics, see Techniques of Preparing M ajor BLS Statistical S eries , BLS Bulletin 1168 (1955), ch. 12.

2 In this and following tables, w orkers are counted m ore than once if they were involved in m ore than 1 stoppage during the year.

3 Figures are simple averages; each stoppage is given equal weight regardless o f its size.


8

Table 2. W ork Stoppages Involving 10,000 or More Workers, Selected Periods

Period

Stoppages involving 10,000 or m ore w orkers

Number

W orkers involved M an-days idle

Number (thousands)1

Percent of total for

periodNumber

(thousands)1P ercent o f total for

period

1935—39 (average) _______ _________ 11 365 32.4 5,290 31.21947—49 (average) ________________ _ 18 1, 270 53.4 23,800 59.91945 ............................................................ 42 1,350 38.9 19, 300 50.71946 _ - _ ___ __________ 31 2,920 63.6 66,400 57.21947 _________________________________ 15 1,030 47.5 17,700 51.21948 _ _ _______________________ 20 870 44.5 18,900 55.31949 _ _ 18 1,920 63.2 34,900 69.01950 ............................................................ 22 738 30.7 21,700 56.01951 _____________________ ___ ___ 19 457 20.6 5,680 24.81952 _ _ __ _ _ ____ 35 1,690 47.8 36,900 62.61953 _ ____________________________ 28 650 27.1 7,270 25.71954 „ ___________________________ 18 437 28.5 7, 520 33.31955 _______________________________ 26 1,210 45.6 12,300 43.41956 ............................................................ 12 758 39.9 19,600 59.11957 ___ _________________________ 13 283 20.4 3,050 18.51958 _________________________________ 21 823 40.0 10,600 44.21959 ............................................................ 20 845 45.0 50,800 73.71960 ............................................................ 17 384 29.2 7, 140 37.41961 -------------------------------------------------- 14 601 41.4 4,950 30.4

1 Includes idleness in stoppages beginning in earlier years.

Table 3. Work Stoppages by Month, I960—61

Month

Number of stoppages W orkers involved in stoppages M an-days idle during month

Beginningin

month

In effect during month

Beginning in month

(thousands)

In effect during month

Number(thousands)

Percent o f total

employedNumber

(thousands)

Percent o f estimated

total working

time

I960

January 191 313 71 131 0.30 1, 110 0.13February ____________________________ 242 373 65 128 .29 1,280 .14M arch _______________________________ 270 430 85 130 .30 1, 550 .15A pril ________________________________ 352 535 150 222 .50 1,930 .21May __________________________________ 367 574 156 236 .53 2 , n o .23June _________________________________ 400 629 214 314 .70 2,950 .30July --------------------------------------------------- 319 530 125 233 .52 2, 140 .24August ___ _______________ ________ 361 554 134 221 .49 1, 700 .16September __________________________ 271 500 131 209 .46 1,650 .17October _________________ ___________ 258 432 106 146 .33 1,500 .16November _____ __ _ ___ .. 192 368 53 85 .19 732 .08D ecem ber ___________________________ 110 250 28 53 .12 458 .05

1961

January ______________________________ 196 309 76 90 .20 589 .06February ____________________________ 191 319 113 133 .30 768 .09March _______________________________ 224 350 47 62 .14 478 .05A pril ________________________________ 281 399 88 112 .25 984 .11May ________________________________ _ 393 561 110 148 .33 1,610 .16June _________________________________ 337 554 171 240 .52 1,660 .17July _ _ _ . 352 553 102 177 .40 1,460 .16August ______________________________ 355 605 84 157 .34 1, 320 .12September __________________________ 315 573 314 372 .81 2, 580 .28October ______________________________ 324 568 226 275 .60 2,480 .24November _________________ 257 501 86 160 .35 1, 500 .16Decem ber ___________________________ 142 366 37 86 .19 855 .09


9

Table 4. W ork Stoppages by Contract Status and Major Issues, 1961

Contract status and m ajor issue

Stoppages beginning in 1961 Man-days idle during 1961

Number PercentW orkers involved

Number Percent Number Percent

All stoppages ------ ------- ----------------- -------- 3, 367 100.0 1,450, 000 100.0 16, 300,000 100.0

Negotiation of first agreement orunion recognition -------------------------------------- 513 15." 2 36, 300 2. 5 979, 000 6 .0

General wage changes andsupplementary benefits ------------ -------- 106 7, 550 182,000

Wage adjustments ---------------------------------- 18 1, 740 28,500Union organization and security ------------ 360 24, 100 710,000Job security and plant administration — 20 1, 290 36,300Interunion or intraunion matters ______ 7 1, 500 22, 400Other ------------------------------------------------------- 2 120 200

Renegotiation o f agreement (expirationor reopening) -------- — ---------------------------- 1, 517 45. 1 1, 020, 000 70.2 13, 200, 000 81. 3

General wage changes andsupplementary benefits ----------------------- 1, 214 487,000 6, 550,000

Wage adjustments ---------------------------------- 52 25,300 724, 000Hours o f work --------- — ------------ — — 3 1, 170 3, 190Union organization and security ------------ 89 62, 300 1,650,000Job security and plant administration . . 112 425, 000 4, 120,000Interunion or intraunion m atters ----------- 12 9, 960 24, 000Other ------------------------------------------------------- 35 8, 880 165,000

During term of agreement (negotiationo f new agreement not involved) --------------- 1, 084 32. 2 378,000 26.0 1, 890,000 11.6

Wage adjustments ---------------------------------- 70 19,000 64, 100Hours o f work ---------------------------------------- 3 630 1, 520Union organization and security ------------ 46 4, 770 22, 400Job security -------------------------------------- — 145 123, 000 577,000Plant administration ----------------- -------- 363 129,000 668, 000Interunion or intraunion matters ----------- 315 74, 000 199,000Other ................................................................. 142 27, 500 358,000

No contract, or other contract status ------- 57 1.7 7, 640 . 5 52, 100General wage changes and

supplementary benefits ----------------------- 22 2, 700 12,800Job security and plant administration — 17 3, 280 10,900Interunion or intraunion m atters — — 9 1, 130 20,800Other ----------------------------- ----------------------- 9 530 7, 540

No information on contract status ------------- 196 5. 8 10, 200 . 7 122, 000

NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals


10

Table 5. Major Issues Involved in W ork Stoppages, 1961

M ajor issues


(all stoppages)

Number PercentW orkers involved


All issues ____ ____ — __ __ __ — — 3, 367 100.0 1,450,000 100.0 16,300,000 100.0

General wage changes __ „ _ _________ 1,359 40.3 483,000 33.3 6,520,000 40.0General wage increase - ------- -------- 590 115,000 1,490,000General wage increase, plus

supplementary benefits ____________ 473 219,000 3,080,000General wage increase, hour

decrease _ . ______________ _____ 22 4,410 60,400General wage decrease ______ __ __ 14 2, 110 72,800General wage increase and

e s calation .. 4 430 14,100Wages and working conditions ______ 256 143,000 1,800,000

Supplementary benefits — ____ _____ 145 4.3 33,200 2.3 458,000 2.8P ensions, insurance, other welfare

program s ---- ------- — ------- — 41 9,830 122,000Severance or d ism issal pay ________ 20 5, 880 47,400Prem ium pay ________________________ 21 3,000 42,600Other supplementary benefits _______ 63 14,500 246,000

Wage adjustments __ __________________ 154 4.6 46,800 3.2 823,000 5.0Incentive pay rates or

admini str a t io n _____________________ 61 18,400 204,000Job classification or job rates ______ 57 24,900 603,000Downgrading __ __ _ __ __ . . . 2 320 1,860R e troa ctiv ity ______________________ __ 15 1,420 8, 590Method of computing pay __ __ __ _ 19 1, 750 5,960

Hours of work __________________________ 6 .2 1,800 .1 4, 710 (l )D ecrease -------------------------------------------- 6 1,800 4, 710

Other contractual m atters _____________ 26 .8 2,860 .2 32,500Duration of contract ___ ____ __ __ 15 1,990 28,800U n sp ecified ___ __ __ __ __ ------- — 11 870 3, 670

Union organization and s e c u r it y ________ 518 15.4 92,300 6.4 2 ,390,000 14.7Recognition (certification) — _ 194 9,470 279,000Recognition and job security-

issues ______ __ __ ____ __ __ __ 13 3,430 58,100Recognition and econom ic

issues ______________________________ 106 6, 560 215,000Strengthening bargaining position,

or union shop and econom icissues - ■■ , __ ______________ 116 65,900 1,740,000

Union security _ __________ __ __ 46 3,480 62,800Refusal to sign

agreement __ __ __ __ ------- — — 15 1,060 15,100Other union organization

m a tte r s ___ ______ __ ___ __ 28 2,390 16,000

Job security — __ — — — ------------ — 243 7.2 183,000 12.6 1,800, 000 11.0Seniority and/or layoff _ ____ _____ 143 45,000 618,000Subcontracting __ __ __ ------------ __ 28 15,900 297,000New m achinery (a ll technological

issues) _____________ — — — — — 11 8, 300 51,200Job transfers, bumping, etc. ----------- 12 3,960 52,300Transfer of operations or

prefabricated goods ________________ 10 28,100 407,00039 81,500 380,000

See footnote at end of table.


11

Table 5. Major Issues Involved in W ork Stoppages, 1961— Continued

M ajor issues


(all stoppages)Number Percent

W orkers involved

Number Percent Number P ercent

Plant adm in istra tion___ _______________ 462 13.7 503,000 34.7 3,630,000 22.3Physical fa cilities,

surroundings, etc. _________________ 15 5, 170 15,500Safety m easures, dangerous

equipment, etc. ___ __ ------- -------- 38 15,900 159,000Supervision ______ ------- — — 19 3, 310 18,800Shift work _ _____ ____ __ _____ 10 5,670 14,700Work assignments ___________________ 40 10,300 85,400Speedup— workload __ _______________ 58 25,000 151,000Work r u l e s __________ _______________ 32 17,100 231,000Overtim e work — — — ------------ — 9 1, 530 4, 850Insubordination, discharge,

discipline __ ___________ ________ 196 53,200 229,000Other ------------------------------------------------ 45 365,000 2,720,000

Other working conditions — ------------ 48 1.4 15,200 1.0 333,000 2.0Arbitration „___________ ___ _ 11 3, 720 23,700Grievance procedures __ „ _ -------- 18 9,890 292,000Unspecified contract v io la t io n s_____ 19 1,630 17,000

Interunion or intraunion matters _______ 364 10.8 87,700 6.0 273,000 1Union r iv a lry 3 -------- ----------------------- 4 1,980 23,700Jurisdiction4 ...__ ..__. ____ 17 9, 150 11,800Jurisdictional— work assignment ---- 281 27,300 123,000Union adm inistration, 5 no relation

to contract ________ ____ ____ — 3 ' 1, 170 1,490Sym pathy_____ — — — — ------- — 46 20,800 70,700O t h e r -------------------------------------------------- 13 27,400 41,800

Not r e p o r t e d ------------------------------------------- 42 1.2 3,680 .3 14,000

1 L ess than 0.05 percent.2 Includes General M otors and F ord strikes, which involved a variety of issues at the plant level. See text.3 Includes disputes between unions of different affiliation, such as those between unions affiliated with

A FL-CIO and nonaffiliated.4 Includes disputes between unions, usually of the same affiliation or two locals of the same union, over

representation of w orkers.5 Includes disputes within a union over the administration of union affairs or regulations.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals.


12

Table 6. W ork Stoppages by Industry Group, 1961

Stoppages beginning in 1961

M an-days idle during 1961 (all stoppages)

Industry groupNumber W orkers

involved Number

Percent of estimated

total working

time

A ll industries — - — — — - - — — ---- 1 3, 367 1,450, 000 16, 300,000 0.14

Manufacturing __ ------- — — -------- 1 1,677 897,000 9,780,000 0.24

Prim ary metal industries . — --------------- _ ------- 126 74,400 665,000 0.23Fabricated m etal products, except ordnance,

m achinery, and transportation equipment --------------- 191 96,600 1,130,000 .41Ordnance and accessor ies — ---- ---- -------- 6 6, 160 51, 400 .10E lectrica l m achinery, equipment, and supplies -------- 114 67,100 716,000 .20M achinery, except e lectrica l --- --- ------------ ----------- 176 89,100 1,240,000 .34Transportation equipment _____________________________ 98 297,000 2,500,000 .65Lumber and wood products, except furniture ------------ 75 12,500 234,000 .15Furniture and fixtures ------------------------------------------------- 70 12,500 256,000 .28Stone, clay, and glass products ______ — — ------- 130 24,400 458,000 .32Textile m ill p r o d u c ts __________________________________ 35 5, 970 39,100 .02Apparel and other finished products made from

fabrics and sim ilar m aterials _ __________ _ ---- - 112 15,100 146,000 .05Leather and leather products . . ------- ---- — — — 25 18,200 70,400 .08Food and kindred products _ _ _ ------- — _ - 177 80,000 589,000 .13Tobacco manufactures __________________ *--------------------- - - - -

Paper and allied p r o d u c ts _____________________________ 62 15,300 324,000 .22Printing, publishing, and allied industries --------------- 50 8,850 93, 500 .04Chemicals and allied products ------------------------------------ 94 14,100 441,000 .21Petroleum refining and related industries ----------------- 17 15,000 316,000 .61Rubber and m iscellaneous plastics products ------------- 65 22,600 215,000 .24Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and optical goods;watches and c l o c k s ___________________________________ 19 12,500 170,000 .19

M iscellaneous manufacturing in d u s tr ie s_____________ 56 10,400 125,000 .13

Nonmanufacturing ______________________________ 11,694 555,000 6,500,000 2 . 08

Agriculture, forestry , and fish eries _ ------ — ------ 31 10,900 80,600 (3)Mining . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . ---------- - 154 37,700 310,000 0.18Contract construction _________________________________ 824 217,000 3,490,000 .50Transportation, communication, e lectr ic ,

243 211,000gas, and sanitary serv ices _________________________ 1, 710,000 . 17W holesale and retail trad#» 308 62, 400 716,000

3, 000.02

Finance, insurance, and real estate -------------------------- 4 230 ( 3)Services - - — ------- - ------- —.— — 103 9, 070 173,000 (?)Government — - — — ---- - — — 28 6,610 15,300 (3)

1 Stoppages extending into 2 or m ore industry groups have been counted in each industry affected; w orkers involved and man-days idle were allocated to the respective groups.

2 Excludes government.3 Not available.



13

Table 7. W ork Stoppages by Region, 19611 and I960

RegionStoppages

beginning in—W orkers involved

in stoppages beginning in—

Man-days idle during

(all stoppages)

Percent of estimated total

working time

1961 1960 1961 1960 1961 1960 1961 1960

United States ------------------------- 2 3, 367 2 3, 333 1,450,000 1, 320,000 16,300,000 19,100,000 0. 14 0. 17

New England ---- — ------- — 232 215 66,800 97,400 843, 000 2, 880, 000 0. 10 0. 35Middle Atlantic ---------------------- 1,048 1,030 375,000 438,000 4,350,000 5, 510,000 . 17 . 21East North Central --------------- 843 831 538,000 308,000 4,910, 000 3, 480, 000 .20 . 14West North Central -------------- 264 227 84, 400 120,000 1,230, 000 2, 300,000 . 14 .21South A tla n tic ------------------------ 318 333 93, 900 94, 300 1,060, 000 1, 220,000 .07 .08East South Central --------------- 205 211 43, 700 64,300 535, 000 953, 000 . 10 . 17West South Centred ----- ---- 175 156 59,200 41,600 1, 140, 000 527, 000 . 13 .06Mountain ------ — — - — — 153 146 41,000 34, 600 538, 000 1, 090,000 . 14 .30P acific --------------- ----------------- 419 408 151,000 118,000 1, 680, 000 1, 150,000 . 12 .09

1 The regions used in this study include: New England— Connecticut, Maine, M assachusetts, New Hampshire,Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic— New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; East North Central— Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and W isconsin; West North Central— Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, M issouri, Nebraska, North Dakota; South Atlantic— Delaware, D istrict o f Columbia, F lorida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central— Alabama, Kentucky, M ississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central— Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Mountain— Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New M exico, Utah, and Wyoming; and P a c ific— Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

2 Stoppages extending across State lines have been counted in each State affected; workers involved and m an-days idle were allocated among the States.



14

Table 8. W ork Stoppages by State, 1961


Man-days idle during 1961 (all stoppages)

StateNumber W orkers

involved NumberPercent of estimated

total working time

United S ta te s ______________________ 1 3, 367 1,450,000 16,300, 000 0.14

Alabama ------- — _ _ -------- ----- 65 12,900 167,000 0.11Alaska .. . . ____ _̂_____________ 10 2, 770 40,800 .49Arizona _________ __ _ _ ______ 13 2, 790 31,800 .05Arkansas . , __________________ 30 3,480 43, 100 .06California . _____ _____ 269 99,100 1,110,000 .11

Colorado __________________________ 49 16,800 220,000 .21Conne cti cut . 56 17,900 372, 000 .18Delaware _ __ __ — ____ 23 5, 260 78,800 .23D istrict of Columbia — __ 10 4, 910 45,600 .06F lorida ------------------------------------------- 66 23, 600 183,000 .06

Georgia ________ — _______ ___ 30 17,600 241,000 .11Hawaii _____ r__ ______,______._______ 33 21,700 47,100 (2)Idaho . _ -- ...___________ , ....... 18 1, 570 20,100 .06Illinois ------------ ----- --------- 219 91,900 869,000 .11Indiana __ __ ____ __ ___ ___ 107 60, 700 510,000 .17

j owa _______________________________ 47 12,800 158,000 .11Kansas ____ , . 39 7,680 65,400 .06Kentucky , _ , . ..... ...... ..... , 67 15,700 119,000 .09Loui s i ana _ 34 5, 840 207,000 .13Maine --------------------------------------------- 6 520 4,700 .01

Maryland ____ ____ ________ - 46 14,000 185,000 .10Massachusetts ___ ___________ . . 134 44,500 412,000 .10Mi c h ig a n _________________________ 180 239,000 1, 820, 000 .38Minne s ota , . „ .. 46 20,700 452,000 .22M ississippi ______ — ____ _ 15 4,230 47,100 .06

M issouri __________________________ 88 34,500 470,000 .16Montana n 16 1, 920 38,200 .12Nebraska _______________ ,__ 26 5,830 70,300 .09Nevada ____________ _ ___ ___ 9 2, 830 28,000 .13New Hampshire ------- -------------- 3 170 2, 030 (1 2 3 )

New Jersey ________________________ 234 82,300 762,000 .17New M exico _______________________ 19 3,650 53,400 .12New York 421 180,000 1, 860, 000 .14North Carolina ___ — __ ______ 14 2, 000 6,460 (3)North D a k ota_____ _________ _______ 4 160 3, 780 .02

Ohio _ _ _______ — — -------- - 283 127,000 1, 420, 000 .21Oklahoma . . . . __ . . . ___ ___ 29 8, 550 92,400 .08Or e g on — _______________ 25 13,000 229,000 .22Pennsylvania . — _ — — --------- 393 112,000 1, 730, 000 .21Rhode Island ___ __ ____ 23 2,470 17,300 .03

South C a r o lin a _____________________ 8 1, 080 13, 000 .01South Dakota —_____________________ 14 2, 650 7, 240 .03Tennessee . . . . . . . . 58 10,900 202,000 .10TeX3Ls ■,, ■ ■,,,n■■ ,r 82 41,300 798,000 .15Utah ------------------------------------------ 13 8, 980 128,000 .24

Vermont __ . . . . . . — 10 1, 210 34,400 .15Virginia . . . — ---- — - ---- 40 12,900 112,000 .05Was hingt o n ______ ___ __________ 82 14, 800 251, 000 .15West V ir g in ia ___________________ 81 12,700 197,000 .21W iseonsin __ _____. 54 18,700 285,000 .11Wyoming _ — . 16 2, 380 17,600 .09

1 Stoppages extending across State lines have been counted in each State affected; w orkers involved and man-days idle were allocated among the States.

2 Data not available.3 Less than 0.005 percent.



15

Table 9. W ork Stoppages by Metropolitan Area, 19611

M etropolitan area

Stoppages beginning in

1961M an-days idle

during 1961 (all stoppages)

Metropolitan area


1961Man-days idle

during 1961 (a ll stoppages)Num

berW orkersinvolved

Number

W orkersinvolved

Akron, O hio______________ 24 6, 590 90,700 Jacksonville, F la ________ 13 1,410 21, 000Albany—Schenectady1- Jersey City, N .J________ 41 12,100 107,000

Troy, N .Y ______________ 27 9,430 154,000 Johnstown, P a ___________ 7 1,470 28,200Albuquerque, N. M ex____ 9 260 2,710 Kalamazoo, M ich________ 8 2,570 22,500Allentown—Bethlehem— Kansas City,

Easton, P a _____________ 30 6,350 102,000 Mo.—K a n s______________ 35 18,800 150,000Ann A rbor, M ich ________ 9 13,100 92,600

King ston—N ewbur gh—Atlanta, G a_______________ 20 16,200 229,000 Poughkeepsie, N .Y ____ 12 2,090 26,500Atlantic City, N. J ________ 8 640 5,900 Knoxville, Tenn_____ __ 9 710 10,500Baltim ore, M d ___________ 31 10,900 146,000 Lancaster, P a ___________ 8 3,910 70,200

7 600 14,300 L a nsing , M ich 7 11,000 47,400Beaumont—Port Las Vegas, N ev_________ 7 1, 180 22,800

Arthur, T e x _____________ 16 7, 270 186,000Lawrence—Haverhill,

M a s s ___________________ 7 6,000 18,200Billing s , M ont____________ 5 120 6,830 Lexington, K y ___________ 5 330 7,590Binghamton, N .Y ________ 8 1, 340 7,640 Lima, O h io______________ 7 4, 080 52,600

22 2, 700 52,500 Lincoln, Nebr _ ____ 9 2, 110 44,900Boston, M a ss____________ 65 27,600 208,000 Little Rock—NorthB ridgeport, Conn________ 10 2, 090 40,300 Little Rock, A rk _______ 12 1,410 8,930

Buffalo, N .Y _____________ 53 21,900 217,000Canton, O h io_____________ 14 4, 820 58, 400 Lorain—E lyria, O h io____ 11 6, 680 97,600Charleston, S .C __________ 5 810 9, 380 Los Angeles—Long

7 770 3, 200 B each, C a lif 75 29,600 307,000Chattanooga, T en n _______ 7 1,900 2 5 , 200 Louisville, K y___________ 28 6,490 84,200

Memphis, T en n _________ 16 1,770 44,300Miami, F la ______________ 18 15,900 127,000

Cheyenne, W yo----------------- 7 170 710Chicago, 111______________ 84 51,900 366,000 Milwaukee, W is_________ 20 8, 350 59,700Cincinnati, O h io _________ 31 21, 500 182,000 Minneapolis—St. Paul,Cleveland, O hio__________ 61 34,400 352,000 M inn____________________ 33 19,100 428,000Columbus, O hio__________ 27 7,480 95,000 M obile, A la _____________ 12 3,270 43,800

Muncie, In d -------------------- 8 6, 200 25,900Corpus Christi, T e x _____ 8 750 9,430 Muskegonr-MuskegonDallas, T e x ______________ 13 3, 240 31, 300 Heights, M ic h _________ 6 470 4, 690Davenport-Rock Island—

Moline, Iowa—111________ 14 4,580 87,500Dayton, O hio_____________ 25 6,720 72,600 Nashville, Tenn_________ 9 2, 870 25,200Decatur, 111______________ 6 1,930 42,700 New Bedford, M a ss_____ 7 1,620 10,700

New Haven, Conn________ 12 2, 760 22,100New London-Groton—

Denver, C o lo _____________ 35 13,300 204,000 Norwich, C on n ________ 7 160 1,410Des M oines, Iow a ------------ 13 3, 570 46,600 New Orleans, L a ________ 14 2,280 34,400Detroit, M ich_____________ 92 126,000 940,000E rie, P a _________________ 7 770 11,300 New York, N .Y __________ 285 119,000 1,060,000Fall R iver, M ass________ 21 1,440 8, 100 Newark, N .J ____________ 69 27,400 269,000

Norfolk—Portsmouth,U'l̂ rvl’j Mirh 9 54,300 284,000 Va___________ 12 2, 850 37,600F ort Lauderdale— Oklahoma City, O k la ------ 7 800 5,700

Hollywood, F la _________ 7 310 640 Omaha, N e b r ____________ 9 3, 520 23,200Fort Wayne, In d _________ 8 3, 540 47,300F ort Worth, T e x _________ 10 2,400 13,900 Orlando, F la ____________ 6 200 1,640Fresno, C a lif____________ 7 360 13,000 Pater sonr-Clifton^

Passaic, N .J___________ 55 13,700 161,000Pensacola, F la __________ 5 60 1,440

Galveston—Texas Peoria, 111_______________ 16 14,000 71, 500City, Tftv 7 2, 370 20, 800 Philadelphia, P a ________ 145 65,600 1,030,000

Gar y—Hammond—Ea stChicago, In d ____________ 22 8,770 78,100 Pittsburgh, P a __________ 82 17,900 286,000

Grand Rapids, M ich _____ 5 5, 830 50,400 Portland, O reg __________ 16 9,420 192,000Great Falls, Mont________ 6 620 7, 130 Pr ovidenc e—Pawtucket,Hartford, Conn___________ 15 6,870 189,000 R . I _____________________ 19 1,680 15,600

Pueblo, C o lo _____________ 7 1, 340 7,770Reading, P a _____________ 12 1,750 38,800

Honolulu, H aw aii________ 30 8,970 33,500Houston, T e x ________ __ 22 23,200 438,000 Richmond, V a ___________ 6 210 900Huntingtonr-Ashland, R ochester, N .Y _________ 22 5,040 98,500

W. V a .-K y ______________ 15 4, 710 31,700 R ockford, 111------------------- 9 750 3,090Indianapolis, Ind_________ 11 5,960 43,100 Sacramento, C a lif---------- 8 530 8, 170Jackson, M ich____________ 11 4,990 107,000 Saginaw, M ich___________ 5 6,780 73,800

See footnote at end of table,


Table 9. W ork Stoppages by Metropolitan Area, 19611 — Continued

Metropolitan area


1961Man-days idle

during 1961 (all stoppages)

M etropolitan area


1961M an-days idle

during 1961 (all stoppages)Num

berW orkersinvolved

Number

W orkersinvolved

St. Joseph, M o __________ 5 1,080 7,670 Stockton, C a lif_________ 18 1,680 21,300St. Louis, Mo __ ____ _ 69 21,100 405,000 Syracuse, N .Y __________ 7 4,030 48,000San Antonio, Tex . . . _____ 6 380 8,000 Tacom a, W ash _________ 12 2,710 28,800San Bernardino— Tampa—St. Petersburg,

River side—Ontario, F la ...................................... 17 1,670 16,600Calif ............................. S 560 4, 140 T erre Haute, In d _______ 5 380 2,400

San Diego, C a li f________ 12 2,770 74,200

San F rancisco— Toledo, Ohio . . . . . . . 12 3,710 58,400Oakland, C alif. . . . . 87 47,300 466,000 Topeka, Kans___________ 6 1,940 16,700

San Jose, C a lif__________ 19 8,350 111,000 Trenton, N .J__ . . _. . . 15 5,030 30,700Santa Barbara, C a li f____ 8 410 3, 010 Tucson, A r i z ___________ 6 340 1,230Savannah, Ga ____________ 6 400 3,460 Tulsa, O k la _____________ 8 3,890 23,400Scranton, P a _____________ 14 2,260 12,800

Seattle, W ash____________ 23 4,910 86,900 Utica—Rome, N .Y . __ ._ 7 3,490 38,400Sioux City, Iow a ________ 6 560 19,000 Washington, D .C ________ 14 9,550 77,500Sioux F alls , S. D a k ____ 6 660 2,450 Waterbury, C onn_______ 7 2,640 48,300South Bend, In d _________ 7 1,150 2, 760 W aterloo, Iowa_________ 9 5,980 39,200Spokane, W ash__________ 5 770 15,800 Wheeling, W. V a .............. 10 2,050 39,600

Springfield, 111__________ 6 940 7,660 Wichita, Kans . . . . . . 9 430 3,780Springfield, M o _________ 5 480 11,200 W ilkes-B arre—Sp r ingf ieldr—Chic ope e— Hazleton, P a __________ 27 3,540 38,400

Holyoke, M a s s ________ 14 1,520 28,600 Wilmington, D e l________ 20 4,080 37,200Stamford, C onn_________ 5 470 5, 760 York, P a ________________ 8 1,170 13,800Steubenville—Weirton, Young stown-W ar r en,

Ohio-W. V a_____________ 9 2,220 39,000 O h io ----------------------------- 19 9,560 50,800

1 Includes data for each o f the m etropolitan areas that had 5 or m ore stoppages in 1961.Some m etropolitan areas include counties in m ore than 1 State, and hence, an area total may equal or exceed

the total fo r the State in which the m ajor city is located.Stoppages in the mining and logging industries are excluded .Intermetropolitan area stoppages are counted separately in each area affected; the w orkers involved and

m an-days idle w ere allocated to the respective areas.

Table 10. Work Stoppages by Affiliation of Unions Involved, 1961

Affiliation

Stoppages beginning in 1961 M an-days idle during 1961


W orkers involved

Number Percent Number P ercent

Total — — — — . — ________ — _. 3,367 100.0 1,450,000 100.0 16, 300,000 100.0

A FL—C IO _______________________________ 2,492 74.0 1,250, 000 86.4 14,500,000 88.8Unaffiliated unions _____________________ 784 23.3 167,000 11.5 1,530,000 9.4Single firm unions . . ________ ____ 15 .4 6,850 .5 78,100 .5Different affiliations 1 _________________ 41 1.2 21,400 1.5 201,000 1.2No union in v o lv e d ______________________ 30 .9 2,020 .1 7,250 (?)Not r e p o r t e d ----------------------------------------- 5 .1 610 (1 2 ) 2,300 (2)

1 Includes work stoppages involving unions of different affiliations— either 1 or m ore affiliated with AFL-CIO and 1 or m ore unaffiliated unions, or 2 or m ore unaffiliated unions.

2 Less than 0.05 percent.



17

Table 11. W ork Stoppages by Contract Status and Size o f Stoppage:, 1961

Contract status and size of stoppage (number of w orkers involved)

Stoppages beginning in 1961 M an-days idle during 1961


W orkers involved


All stoppages ____________________________ 3, 367 100.0 1,450,000 100.0 16,300, 000 100.0

6 and under 20 __ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ 678 20.1 8,030 0.6 152,000 0.920 and under 100 _________________________ 1,312 39.0 63,700 4.4 1,060,000 6.5100 and under 250 _______________________ 669 19.9 104,000 7.2 1,640,000 10.1250 and under 500 . „ — __ __ __ __ 312 •9.3 109,000 7.5 1,590,000 9.7500 and under 1, 000 _____________________ 201 6.0 137,000 9.4 1,700, 000 10.41, 000 and under 5,000 __________________ 165 4.9 315,000 21.7 4,120,000 25.35, 000 and under 10, 000 _________________ 16 .5 115,000 7.9 1,070, 000 6.610,000 and over __ ____ __ __ __ __ _ 14 .4 601,000 41.4 4,950,000 30.4

Negotiation of first agreementor union r e c o g n it io n ___________________ 513 15.2 36,300 2.5 979,000 6.0

6 and under 2 0 ________________________ 205 6.1 2, 390 .2 66,700 .420 and under 100 __ __ ____ . . _ __ 226 6.7 9,830 .7 300,000 1.8100 and under 250 ____________________ 55 1.6 8,030 .6 339,000 2.1250 and under 500 ____________________ 15 .4 4, 920 .3 101,000 .6500 and under 1, 000 _________________ 8 .2 5, 590 .4 112,000 .71,000 and under 5, 000 _______________ 4 .1 5, 590 .4 60, 600 .45, 000 and under 10, 000 ______________ - - - - - -10, 000 and o v e r ______________________ - - - - - -

Renegotiation of agreement(expiration or reop en in g )______________ 1,517 45.1 1,020, 000 70.2 13,200,000 81.3

6 and under 20 . . . . _ _ . . _. . . 189 5.6 2, 360 .2 47, 300 .320 and under 100 . . . . ._ ____ 566 16.8 28,700 2.0 533,000 3.3100 and under 250 . . . . . . . . . ._ 355 10.5 55, 800 3.8 1,080, 000 6.6250 and under 500 . . . . . . . . . 167 5.0 57, 000 3.9 1,250,000 7.7500 and under 1, 000 _________________ 112 3.3 75,800 5.2 1,310,000 8.01, 000 and under 5, 000 _______________ 102 3.0 196,000 13.5 3,380, 000 20.75, 000 and under 10, 000 ______________ 14 .4 102,000 7.0 1,050, 000 6.410,000 and o v e r __________________ _____ 12 .4 502,000 34.6 4,600, 000 28.3

During term of agreement (negotiationof new agreement not in v o lv e d )________ 1,084 32.2 378,000 26.0 1,890, 000 11.6

6 and under 20 . . . — __ 201 6.0 2, 290 .2 21,900 .120 and under 100 __________________ ___ 388 11.5 19,900 1.4 148,000 .9100 and under 250 ____________________ 234 6.9 36,800 2.5 182,000 1.1250 and under 500 __ 123 3.7 44,100 3.0 208,000 1.3500 and under 1, 000 _________________ 76 2.3 52, 100 3.6 271,000 1.71,000 and under 5, 000 _______________ 58 1.7 112, 000 7.7 679,000 4.25, 000 and under 10, 000 ______________ 2 .1 12, 800 .9 24,800 .210,000 and over ._ _ . . . . ._ . . 2 .1 98,500 6.8 354,000 2 .2

No contract, or other contracts t a t u s_____ — — ___ — — — — — 57 1.7 7, 640 .5 52, 100 .3

6 and under 2 0 ________________________ 16 .5 190 (M 1,480 (M20 and under 1 0 0 ______________________ 24 .7 1, 110 .1 10, 400 .1100 and under 250 __________ —________ 10 .3 1,530 .1 23,000 .1250 and under 500 __________________ _ 3 .1 1,080 .1 6, 530 (M500 and under 1, 000 _________________ 3 .1 1,900 .1 7, 030 ( )1, 000 and under 5, 000 _______________ 1 (M 1,830 .1 3,660 n5, 000 and under 10, 000 ______________ - - - -10, 000 and o v e r ______________________ - - - - - -

No information on contract status ______ 196 5.8 10,200 .7 122,000 .86 and under 2 0 ________________________ 67 2.0 810 .1 14,600 .120 and under 100 . . . __________________ _ 108 3.2 4, 220 .3 63,900 .4100 and under 250 . . . . . __ . . . . 15 .4 2,210 .2 20,000 .1250 and under 500 ____________________ 4 .1 1,510 .1 21,600 .1500 and under 1, 000 _________________ 2 .1 1,490 .1 2, 060 (l )1, 000 and under 5,000 _______________ - - - - -5, 000 and under 10, 000 . . . . . . _. - - - - - -10, 000 and o v e r ______________________

L ess than 0.05 percent.

NOTE: Because of rounding* sums of individual items may not equal totals.


18

Table 12. W ork Stoppages by Number o f Establishments Involved, 1961

Number of establishments involved1

Stoppages beginning in 1961 M ay-days idle during 1961 (all stoppages)

NumberP ercent

oftotal

W orkers involved

NumberPercent

oftotal

NumberP ercent

oftotal

Total _________ __________ ________ - _ 3, 367 100. 0 1,450,000 100. 0 16,300,000 100. 0

1 establishment ___ ________________ ___ 2,519 74.8 432,000 29.8 5,530,000 34. 02 to 5 establishments ------------- -------------- 428 12.7 139,000 9 .6 2 ,150,000 13.26 to 10 establishments _______________ . . 111 3. 3 28,100 1.9 357,000 2 .211 establishments or m ore. -------------------- 177 5. 3 745,000 51. 3 6 ,710,000 41.2

11 to 49 establishments -------------- — 128 3.8 134,000 9 .2 1,750,000 10. 750 to 99 establishments _____________ 26 .8 402,000 27.7 3,270,000 20. 1100 establishments or m ore ------- ---- 2 . 1 3,480 .2 102,000 .6Exact number not known 2 ____________ 21 .6 206,000 14.2 1 ,590,000 9 .8

Not reported _____________________________ 132 3.9 108,000 7 .4 1,530,000 9 .4

1 An establishment is defined as a single physical location where business is conducted or where serv ices or industrial operations are perform ed; for example, a factory, m ill, store, m ine, or farm . A stoppage may involve 1, 2, or m ore establishments o f a single em ployer or it m ay involve different em ployers.

2 Information indicates m ore than 11 establishments involved in each of these stoppages.



19

Table 13. W ork Stoppages Involving 10,000 or More Workers Beginning in 1961

Beginningdate

A pproximate

duration (calendar

d a y s)1

Establi shm ent( s) and location

Union( s) involved 2

Approximate

number of w orkers involved 2

M ajor term s of settlem ent3

Jan. 10 14 New York Harbor C arriers (ra ilroad tugboats, fe rr ie s , e tc .) , Port of New York;New York and New Jersey. 4

Railroad and Marine D ivision of Seafarers* International Union: National Marine Engineers* Benefic ia l A sso ciation; International Organization of M asters, Mates and Pilots.

4 23, 000 Agreem ent provided for a 4 -percent pay ra ise, 2 percent retroactive to July 1,1960, and 2 percent effective M arch 1,1961, and elimination of the cost-o f-liv in g escalation clause. Captains and engineers received an extra 45 -cent-a-day increase, retroactive to July 1, I960, to reduce the New York-Philadelphia wage d iffe r ential. The a g r e e m e n t also included changes in paid holidays and vacations, and establishment of a joint com m ittee (headed by a neutral chairman) to work out changes in the railroad welfare p ro gram. The agreem ent called fo r the r e fe rra l of the c rew -s ize issue to a P re s idential Comm ission.

Feb. 17 7 A m erican A irlines, In c .; Eastern A ir Lines; National A irlines, In c .; Pan A m erican World A irways, Inc. ; Trans World A irlin es, Inc. ; Western A ir Lines, In c .; The Flying Tiger Lines, Inc. (44 States).

Flight Engineers* International A ssociation.

73, 000 Secretary of Labor Arthur J. Goldberg arranged a truce, under which the Flight Engineers agreed to return to work on all lines except 1 (W estern A irlines, Inc. ), 5 while a 3-man Presidential Com m ission (chaired by P rofessor Nathan P. F ein- singer), studied the dispute. The Com m ission made 2 reports to the P re s ident, May 24 and October 17, 1961, with recom m endations for eventual m erger of the A ir Line Pilots A ssociation and Flight Engineers' International A ssociation; e s tablishment of a Joint Committee on interunion cooperation, with public m em bers selected by each carrier , to aid in the accom plishm ent of the m erger; A ir Line Pilots A ssociation to refrain from instituting legalproceedings to change existing rights o f Flight Engineers, for a m inimum period of 2 years; Flight Engineers to have a biding priority on the third seat (on 3-man je t crew s), but that engineers would be required to take certain pilot training to qualify; a ll new flight engineer vacancies would be filled by pilots; that the 2 unions take appropriate steps to insure that m em bers of each may continue to participate in existing retirem ent and insurance program s. No final agreement was reached by the end of 1961.

A pril 7 13 California Metal Trades As sociation (127 plants), Alameda, Contra Costa,San F rancisco, and San Mateo Counties, California.

International A ssociation of M achinists.

12, 000 2-year contract provides for wage increase from 6 cents to 10 cents an hour retroactive to A pril 1, 1961, and 5 cents to 9 cents effective A pril 1, 1962; and im proved health and w elfare coverage. The cost-o f-liv in g escalator clause, d is continued in June 1959, w ill be reinstated in October 1962; increases w ill be lim ited to 1 cent for each l/z -point change in the BLS Consumer P rice Index, with a m aximum of 3 cents an hour.

May 1 32 Construction industry, upstate New York.

International Union of Operating Engineers and Plum bers and Pipe Fitters.

10, 000 Operating Engineers: 2-year contract providing 15-cent hourly increase re tro active to May 1, and an additional 15 cents effective May 1, 1962.

Plum bers and Pipe Fitters (Albany): 2-year contract providing for an im m ediate 10-cent-an-hour increase, and a 15-cent-an-hour increase in June 1962; 4 -cent-an-hour w elfare contribution and 1-cent-an-hour p e n s i o n fund contribution; payment of sickness and disability insurance.

See footnotes at end of table.


20

Table 13. W ork Stoppages Involving 10,000 or More W orkers Beginning in 1961— Continued

Beginningdate

A pproximate

duration(calendar

days)1

Establishment^ s) and location

Union( s) involved 2

A pproximate


M ajor term s of settlem ent3

May 1— Continued

Plum bers and Pipe F i t t e r s (T roy): 2 -year contract providing for a 17-cent- an-hour increase the firs t year of con tract, and a 15-cent-an-hour increase the 2d year.

May 1 61 Construction industry, Philadelphia area, Pennsylvania.

International Union of Operating Engineers.

10, 000 2-year contract providing a 15 -cent hourly wage increase each year, a 5 -cen t- an-hour increase in welfare contribution the firs t year, and a 21/2~c « 1t-an-hour increase in pension payments each year. Agreem ent a lso c a 11 ed for h i r i n g hall with 90-day r e c a l l clause, a n d work rule changes.

June 1 1 Sperry Gyroscope Co. and Ford Instrument Co. (13 plants), Division of Sperry Rand C orp ., Queens and Nassau Counties, New York.

International Union of E lectrica l, Radio and Machine W orkers.

12 , 000 Ford Instrument Co. : 3-vear contract provides for 2 % -percent annual increase effective in June of 1961, 1962, and 1963; cost-o f-liv in g allowance frozen at current 24-cents an hour for 1st year of con tract; escalation resum ed in 2d and 3d years; 3 weeks* vacation after 10 years* employment (was 12 years); 15-percent night-shift d ifferential included in va cation pay of em ployees working nights 40 weeks of vacation year (7V2 percent for 20 weeks* nightwork); im proved pension provision ; company paid m ajor m edica l insurance; a sixth day of paid sick leave.

Sperry G yroscope Co. : Contract sim i- lar to Ford Instrument Co. (above) except that current cost-o f-liv in g allow ances amount to 22 cents (a 1-cent cost- of-liv ing decrease went into effect in May 1961); union elected to retain its own m ajor m edical plan.

June 1 58 Construction industry, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.

Sheet Metal Workers* International A ssociation.

10, 000 1-year contract providing a 17-cent- an-hour wage increase, effective June 1, 1961, an additional 4 cents effective Decem ber 1, 1961, and 2 cents effective A pril 1, 1962. A key factor in the con tract called for the appointment, by State Labor Conciliator, of a 3-m an negotiating com m ittee to negotiate term s o f subsequent contracts.

June 16 18 M aritime industry, East, Gulf, and West Coast ports.

National M aritime Union; M asters, Mates and Pilots;

(6 ) Strike ended by Taft-Hartley injunction. (See appendix C .)

National M aritim e Union (East and Gulf C o a s t com panies): 4 -year agreem ent

Am erican Radio A sso c iation; Seafa rers ' International Union;Marine Engin eers ' Benefic ia l

'Association; Radio O fficers Union; Staff O fficers Association o f A m erica.

called for immediate wage increases of 4 percent with additional increases of 2V4 percent in each of the 3 following years; increased annual vacation tim e to 60 days after 1 year of serv ice with same company. The contract a lso provided an additional 50 cents per m an-day company contribution to the union*s pension and w elfare fund, and im proved provisions on food, lodging, and transportation costs; the issue of changes in working conditions and work rules to be submitted to a subcom m ittee for study and, if no agree - ment by Decem ber 15, 1961, unresolved issues to be submitted to arbitration. The issue of Am erican-ow ned vesse ls operating under foreign flags to be studied by a public factfinding board appointed by the Secretary of Labor.



21

Table 13. W ork Stoppages Involving 10,000 or More W orkers Beginning in 1961:—-Continued

Beginningdate

AppiJoxi-mate

duration(calendar

days)1

Establishment^ s) and location

Union( s) involved

June 16— Continued

A pproximate

2 number of workers

_____ involved 2

Maj or term s of settlement 3

M asters, Mates and P ilots and A m eri- ,£an_fiadi.o A ssociation (East and Gulf Coast com panies): 4-year contracts provided for same percentage increases in wages as NMU contract (ARA rates w ere increased by $10 a month before application of the percentage increases); company contributions to the unions' w elfare and pension fund i n c r e a s e d by $1 .15 a m an-day; MMP vacations w ere increased from 70 to 90 days annually after 1 year of serv ice in the industry; no change was made in vacation schedules for ARA personnel. Similar agreem ents reached with 2 other em ployer groups operating from South Atlantic and Gulf ports.

M asters, Mates and P ilots (Tanker com panies): 4 -year agreement c a l l e dfor a 4-percent increase in basic wages and other earnings retroactive to June 15, an additional 2V4-percent increase e ffec tive on that date in each of the following 3 years; im proved pensions and welfare benefits and an additional fourth mate on deep-sea tankers operated by the M ilitary Sea Transportation Service under charter to private companies.

Marine Engineers' Beneficial A ssoc ia tion (M ajor East Coast Cargo, Passenger and Tanker companies)! 3-year contracts provided im proved pension, vacation, and welfare provisions. Maximum increases of 3V2 percent to be allocated to either wages or fringe benefits, to be effective in both 1962 and 1963. Similar agreement reached with the P acific M aritime A ssociation. M ost of the dry-cargo operators granted the right to organize their foreign -flag v e s s e l s ; agreements with tanker companies called for the establishment of a union-management com m ittee to study the issue for 18 months.

Seafarers' International U n i o n : A l-though Seafarers w ere involved in the strike, m ost o f their contracts did not expire until September 1961.

June 21 1 New York Shipping A sso ciation, P ort of New York; New York and New Jersey.

InternationalLongshorem en'sAssociation.

25,000 W o r k e r s returned w i t h o u t form al agreement after a 1-day protest against the Seamen's strike.

Sept. 6 20 General M otors C orp., Interstate (94 plants in 17 States).

United Autom obile W orkers.

239,000 The stoppage involved a number of contract issues at the plant and company level, mainly o f a noneconom ic character* such as re lie f periods, production standards, and rules relating to plant rep re sentation. General wage and supplementary benefit issues under the new m aster agreement had been agreed upon prior to the stoppage. 7

See footnotes at end of table,


22

Table 13. W ork Stoppages Involving 10,000 or More W orkers Beginning in 1961— Continued

Beginningdate

A pproximate

duration(calendar

days)1

Establishm ent s) and location

Union( s) involved 1 2

A pproximate


M ajor term s of settlem ent3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Oct. 1 8 33 Caterpillar Tractor C o ., Aurora, Decatur, and P eoria , 111. ; York, Pa.; and Davenport, Iowa.

United Autom obile W orkers.

18, 000 3-year contract providing annual wage increases ranging from 6 to 9 cents an hour depending on rates of pay, with the firs t increase retroactive to October 2, 1961; continuation of escalator clause; 1 cent of the 18-cent cost-o f-liv in g a llowances diverted to help pay im proved pe n s i on and hospital-surgical benefits; im proved pension plan for em ployees r e tiring after January 1, 1962, including establishment of survivorship option sim ilar to A m erican M otors, paid-up life insurance and option to continue hospital- surgical insurance. The contract also called for the company to assum e full cost of im proved hospital-surgical insurance for all em ployees; im proved contributory life insurance and sickness and accident benefits; im proved SUB, including increased separation pay, amount and extent of weekly benefits, short workweek benefits, and moving allowances, sim ilar to A m erican M otors; increased night-shift differential; and supplementary jury-duty pay.

Oct. 3 9 19 Ford M otor Co. (24 States)

United Autom otive W orkers.

9 116,000 See General M otors C orp .10

Nov. 1 24 Construction industry, Houston, Tex.

International Hod C arriers ', Building and Common L aborers' Union.

15, 000 20-month contract providing two 10- cent-an-hour increases (effective November 27, 1961, and November 27, 1962), bringing rates to $2. 30 an hour in 1962.

Demands for exclusive hiring hall were dropped after the court ruled it would violate the Texas righ t-to-w ork law, but the contract included a contractors* c o operation clause, allowing the contractors to h ire from any source, but the union w ill have equal opportunity to furnish the em ployees.

Dec. 1 The Great Atlantic and P acific Tea C o ., Inc. ; A m erican Stores Co. ; and Food Fair Stores, In c ., Delaware, southern New Jersey, and eastern Penn sylvania.

Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North Am erica.

14, 000 27-month contract p r o v i d i n g for a $6 -a -w eek increase im m ediately and an additional $5 a week in 15 months. The contract a lso provided a liberalized vacation plan and overtim e pay for working m ore than 1 evening a week. Permanent com m ittee established to determ ine the amount of m eat a butcher would be expected to p rocess in 1 night.

1 Includes nonworkdays, such as Saturdays, Sundays, and established holidays.2 The unions listed are those d irectly involved in the dispute, but the number of w orkers involved m ay in

clude m em bers of other unions or nonunion w orkers idled by disputes in the same establishments.Number of w orkers involved is the maximum number made idle for 1 shift or longer in establishments d i

rectly involved in a stoppage. This figure does not m easure the indirect or secondary effects on other establishments or industries whose em ployees are made idle as a result of m aterial or serv ice shortages.

3 Adapted largely from Current Wage Developments, published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.4 P icket lines w ere established at railroad term inals and railroad operating em ployees w ere idled in 10 States.5 W estern A irlines, Inc. discharged the engineers and replaced them with pilot qualified engineers; limited

serv ice was resum ed in March.6 Estimates in the p ress of the number of workers idle ranged from 20, 000 to 70, 000. However, after ex

tensive checking with em ployers, unions, and State and Federal agencies relative to the number of vesse ls in port during the strike, the average number of crewmen per vessel, and the percent of union m em bership unemployed, the Bureau estimated the number idle at about 25, 000.

7 See Current Wage Developments, October 1, 1961, for details of General M otors settlement.8 Em ployees returned to work October 12, but walked out again October 29.9 National agreement was reached October 11 and m ost w orkers returned to work by October 16; a few

thousand were idle through October 21.10 See Current Wage Developments, November 1, 1961, for details of Ford settlement.


23

Table 14. W ork Stoppages by Duration and Contract Status Ending in 1961

Duration and contract statusStoppages W orkers involved Man-days idle

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

A ll stoppages -------------------------------------------- 3, 324 100.0 1,440,000 100.0 15,600,000 100.0

i , , .T 388 11.7 152,000 10.6 152,000 1.02 to 3 days ________________________________ 558 16.8 136,000 9.4 283,000 1.84 to 6 days ________________________________ 454 13.7 106,000 7.4 355,000 2.37 to 14 days ---------------------------------------------- 642 19.3 289,000 20.0 1,,820,000 11.615 to 29 days ______________________________ 526 15.6 525,000 36.4 5,,060,000 32.330 to 59 days ______________________________ 416 12.5 165,000 11.4 4,,000,000 25.560 to 89 days ______________________________ 149 4.5 44,100 3.1 1,,950,000 12.590 days and over _________________________ 191 5.7 25,100 1.7 2,,040,000 13.0

Negotiation of first agreement orunion recognition _______________________ 505 15.2 35,900 2.5 945,000 6.0

1 day __________________________________ 29 .9 2, 640 .2 2, 640 (M2 to 3 days _____________________________ 52 1.6 4, 020 .3 6,930 ( )4 to 6 days _____________________________ 42 1.3 2, 130 .2 7, 140 (M7 to 14 days ___________________________ 94 2.8 5,470 .4 40,500 .315 to 29 days __________________________ 77 2.3 6, 320 .4 86,700 .630 to 59 days __________________________ 92 2.8 7,720 .5 204,000 1.360 to 89 days ____________________ ______ 40 1.2 2,980 .2 148,000 .990 days and over ------------------------------- 79 2.4 4, 590 .3 449, 000 2.9

Renegotiation of agreement(expiration or reopening) ----------------------- 1,476 44.4 1,010,000 70.2 12,,700,000 81.5

1 day ___________________________________ 72 2.2 67,600 4.7 67,600 .42 to 3 days _____________________________ 148 4.4 42,200 2.9 82,200 .54 to 6 days _________________________ __ 166 5.0 48,900 3.4 177,000 1.17 to 14 days ______ ___________________ 320 9.6 149,000 10.4 1, 070,000 6.915 to 29 days __________________________ 344 10.3 500,000 34.7 4, 740,000 30.330 to 59 days __________________________ 259 7.8 148,000 10.3 3, 580,000 22.960 to 89 days ---------------------------------------- 87 2.6 37,900 2.6 1, 600,000 10.690 days and over ---------------------------------- 80 2.4 18,300 1.3 1, 370,000 8.8

During term of agreement (negotiationof new agreement not involved) ________ 1,073 32.3 375,000 26.0 1, 680,000 10.8

1 day _____________________ ____________ 245 7.4 78,900 5.5 79,000 .52 to 3 days -------------------------------------------- 302 9.1 82,500 5.7 178,000 1.14 to 6 days -------------------------------------------- 214 6.4 54,100 3.7 167,000 1.17 to 14 days ___________________________ 177 5.3 131,000 9.1 684,000 4.415 to 29 days ---------------------------------------- 70 2.1 17,000 1.2 214,000 1.430 to 59 days ---------------------------------------- 37 1.1 6,880 .5 163,000 1.060 to 89 days __________________________ 13 .4 3, 000 .2 126,000 .890 days and over ---------------------------------- 15 .5 1, 370 .1 74,300 .5

No contract, or other contract s ta tu s ------ 56 1.7 7,620 .5 51,600 .31 day __________________________________ 11 .3 840 .1 840 ( ' )2 to 3 days .. ___ 20 .6 4, 680 .3 11,000 .14 to 6 days -------------------------------------------- 5 .2 110 ( * ) 430 (?)7 to 14 days ----------------------------------------- 8 .2 1,020 .1 6,440 ( l )15 to 29 days __________________________ 5 .2 670 (?) 8,830 .130 to 59 days _________________________ 2 .1 40 < ) 1,000 (?)60 to 89 days ---------------------------------------- 2 .1 30 ( > 1, 360 { ' )90 days and over ______________________ 3 .1 230 C ) 21, 700 .1

No inform ation on contract status _______ 214 6.4 11, 300 .8 218, 000 1.41 day __________________________________ 31 .9 2, 210 .2 2, 210 ( J )2 to 3 days _____________________________ 36 1.1 2, 590 .2 5,080 ( )4 to 6 days -------------------------------------------- 27 .8 1, 140 .1 3,620 ( l )7 to 14 days ----- ------------------------ ------ 43 1.3 1,960 .1 13,800 .115 to 29 days ---------------------------------------- 30 .9 870 .1 12,400 .130 to 59 days ---------------------------------------- 26 .8 1,830 .1 53,100 .360 to 89 days __________________________ 7 .2 180 (?) 9,450 .190 days and over ______________________ 14 .4 570 ( ) 118,000 .8

1 L ess than 0.05 percent.



24

Table 15. Mediation and Type o f Government Mediation in W ork Stoppages by Contract Status Ending in 1961

Mediation, type of government m ediation, and contract status

Stoppages W orkers involved Man-days idle

NumberP ercent

oftotal

NumberPercent

oftotal

NumberP ercent

oftotal

A ll stoppages ---------------------------------------- 3, 324 100. 0 1,440,000 100. 0 15,600,000 100. 0Government m ediation1 ______ 1,474 44. 3 1,090,000 75. 2 13,300, 000 85 .2

Federal ____________________________ 1,056 31.8 879,000 60.9 10,500,000 67. 1State ...._______________________ ___ 210 6. 3 24,700 1.7 313,000 2. 0Federal and State mediation

combined _____________ _________ _ 190 5.7 128,000 8.9 2 ,110,000 13.5Other_____________ _________________ 18 . 5 53,400 3. 7 414,000 2 .6

Private mediation ------------------------------ 19 .6 5,490 .4 33,300 . 2No mediation reported ------------------ 1,831 55. 1 352,000 24.4 2,280,000 14.6

Negotiation of first agreem ent ---- ------- 505 15.2 35,900 2. 5 945,000 6. 0Government m ediation ----------------------- 177 5. 3 17,900 1.2 583,000 3. 7

Federal ----------------- ----------------------- 127 3. 8 13,000 .9 517,000 3. 3State ------------------ ------------------- — 40 1. 2 2,810 .2 35,700 . 2Federal and State m ediation

combined _______ _______ _ ---- 10 . 3 2, 100 . 1 30,700 . 2O th e r ........................ .......................... _ - - - - -

Private mediation --------------- — 1 (1 2) 70 (2) 260 (2)No mediation reported ___________ — 327 9 .8 17,800 1.2 362,000 2. 3

Renegotiation o f agreement(expiration or reopening) ______________ 1,476 44 .4 1,010,000 70. 2 12,700,000 81. 5

Government m ediation ----------------------- 1, 110 33.4 945,000 65. 5 12,000,000 76.5Federal ____________________________ 800 24. 1 756,000 52.4 9,300,000 59.5State ____________-__________ _______ 130 3.9 16,600 1.2 237,000 1. 5Federal and State m ediation

combined ______________ — _ — 166 5 .0 120,000 8. 3 2,020,000 12.9Other ________________ __________ 14 .4 51,900 3.6 403,000 2 .6

Private m ediation ------------------------------ 6 .2 1, 190 . 1 18,000 . 1No m ediation reported ----------------------- 360 10. 8 67,100 4 .6 767,000 4 .9

During term of agreement (negotiationof new agreement not involved)------------- 1,073 32. 3 375,000 26. 0 1,680,000 10. 8

Government mediation -------------------- 121 3 .6 119,000 8. 3 644,000 4. 1F e d e r a l__________________________ 75 2. 3 108,000 7. 5 571,000 3.6State ------------------------------------------------ 31 .9 4,790 . 3 35., 100 . 2Federal and State mediation

combined _________________________ 11 . 3 5,330 .4 26,900 .2Other -------------------------------------------- 4 . 1 1,540 . 1 11,400 . 1

Private mediation --------------------------- 12 .4 4,230 . 3 15,000 . 1No mediation reported ----------------------- 940 28. 3 251,000 17.4 1,020,000 6. 5

No contract, or other contract status___ 56 1. 7 7,620 .5 51,600 . 3Government mediation ----------------------- 4 . 1 290 (*) 20,800 . 1

Federal ------------------------- -------------- 1 (2) 50 (*) 140 <*)State ------- ---------------------- ----------- 2 . 1 60 (2) 3,260 (2)Federal and State mediation

combined _________________________ 1 (2) 180 (2) 17,400 . 1Other -------------- ----------------------------- - - - -

Private m ediation ----------------- ----------- - - - - - -No m ediation reported _____________ 52 1.6 7, 330 . 5 30,800 . 2

No inform ation on contract status----------- 214 6 .4 11,300 .8 218,000 1.4Government m ediation ----------------------- 62 1.9 2,710 .2 121,000 .8

Federal .. 53 1.6 2,200 .2 107,000 .7State _______________r_____ ,____ 7 .2 350 (2) 1,420 (2)Federal and State mediation

combined -------------------------------------- 2 . 1 170 (2) 12,000 . 1Other -------- ------------------- ------------- - - - - -

Private mediation ------------------------------ - - - - •- -

No m ediation reported ----------------------- 152 4 .6 8,630 .6 97,100 .6

1 Includes 6 stoppages involving 1,710 w orkers in which private m ediation was also involved.2 Less than 0. 05 percent.



25

Table 16. Settlement of Stoppages by Contract Status Ending in 1961

Stoppages W orkers involved M an-days idleContract status and settlement


3,324 100.0 1,440,000 100.0 15,600, 000 100.0Settlement r e a c h e d ___________________ 2,918 87,8 1,280,000 89.0 13,900,000 88.7No form al settlement— work resum ed

(with old or new w o r k e r s )__________ 356 10.7 155,000 10.7 1,650, 000 10.6Em ployer out of business ____________ 37 1.1 1,850 .1 66, 800 .4Insufficient inform ation to c la s s i f y __ 13 .4 1,290 .1 40, 900 .3

Negotiation of first agreement or6.0union recognition __ __ __ — ____ __ 505 15.2 35,900 2.5 945,000

Settlement r e a c h e d ---- --------- — — — 357 10.7 28,000 1.9 593,000 3.8No form al se ttlem en t_______ —------------ 135 4.1 7,320 .5 318,000 2.0Em ployer out of business --- ------- — 10 .3 360 ( J ) 8,980 .1Insufficient information to c lassify — 3 .1 220 ( l ) 25, 500 .2

Renegotiation of agreement (expiration1,476 81.5or reopening) _ __ __ _ — — __ — 44.4 1,010,000 70.2 12,700, 000

Settlement r e a c h e d ------------------------ .---- 1,390 41.8 971,000 67.3 11,900, 000 76.3No form al settlement _ — __ — _ 71 2.1 41, 100 2.9 774,000 4.9Em ployer out of business ------------- ---- 13 .4 760 .1 25,300 .2Insufficient information to c lassify — 2 .1 120 (1) 4, 640 (M

During term of agreement (negotiation26.0 1,680, 000 10.8of new agreement not in v o lv e d )------------ 1,073 32.3 375,000

Settlement r e a c h e d ___________________ 965 29.0 271,000 18.8 1,150,000 7.4No form al settlement _ __ _ __ 96 2.9 103,000 7.2 494,000 3.2Em ployer out of business ------------------ 11 .3 670 30,100 .2Insufficient inform ation to c la s s i f y __ 1 { ' ) 50 (l ) 8,460 .1

No contract, or other contract s ta tu s ---- 56 1.7 7,620 .5 51,600 .3Settlement reached - 34 1.0 4,920 .3 37,200 .2No form al settlement . . . _ __ _ __ 18 .5 1,850 .1 12,400 .1Insufficient information to classify — 4 .1 850 .1 2, 000 (M

No information on contract s t a t u s -------- - 214 6.4 11,300 .8 218,000 1.4Settlement r e a c h e d ---- --------- __ __ __ 172 5.2 9,670 .7 158,000 1.0No form al settlem en t_________ _______ 36 1.1 1,560 .1 57,100 .4Employer out of business ------------------ 3 .1 50 (?) 2,420 ( ! )Insufficient information to classify — 3 .1 50 n 310 (*)

1 Less than 0.05 percent



2 6

Table 17. Procedure: for Handling Unsettled Issues in W ork Stoppages by Contract Status Ending in 196l|

Procedure fo r handling unsettled issues and contract status

Stoppages W orkers involved M an-days idle


A ll stoppages cov ered 1 _________________ 528 100.0 278,000 100.0 2 ,050,000 100.0A rbitration ____________ ___ - ---- 110 20.8 60,200 21.7 455,000 22.2D irect n eg otia tion s__________ _________ 130 24.6 75,700 27.3 704,000 34.3R eferral to a government agency ____ 59 11.2 29,300 10.5 353,000 17.2Other means __ __ _ — - — — 229 43.4 112,000 40.5 541,000 26.4

Negotiation of firs t agreement orunion recognition ______________________ 61 11.6 2, 870 1.0 60,000 2.9

Arbitr ati on _________ ______________ 11 2.1 390 .1 8, 140 .4D irect negotiations ----------------------------- 17 3.2 1, 500 .5 30,200 1.5R eferral to a government a g e n c y ____ 31 5.9 810 .3 21,200 1.0Other means __________ ..._____________ 2 .4 170 .1 420 (1 2)

Renegotiation of agreement(expiration or reop en in g )______________ 110 20.8 144,000 51.8 1,420, 000 69.4

Arbitration ,L „ .___ ,_______ ________ . 39 7.4 40,200 14.5 363,000 17.7D irect negotiations ___________________ 57 10.8 56,000 20.2 613,000 29.8R eferral to a government a g e n c y ------ 12 2.3 24,600 8.9 312,000 15.2Other means ________ ___ - __ 2 .4 23,000 8.3 137,000 6.7

During term of agreement (negotiationof new agreement not involved) ------------ 331 62.7 129,000 46.6 548,000 26.7

Arbitration __ . ____ . . . . . — 56 10.6 19,400 7.0 81, 900 4.0D irect negotiations . ---- ------- . — 50 9.5 17,800 6.4 60,400 2.9R eferral to a government, a g e n c y ____ 9 1.7 3, 570 1.3 5, 550 .3Other means __ . . . . — -------- 216 40.9 88,500 31.9 400,000 19.5

No contract, or other contract s ta tu s___ 4 .8 340 .1 1, 180 .1Ar bitr ati on — __,_______________ T- - - - - - -D irect n eg otia tion s_________ _________ 3 .6 330 .1 720 (?)R eferra l to a government a g e n c y ------ 1 .2 10 (2) 460 (2)Other means __________________________ ~ “ “ “ “

No inform ation on contract status ______ 22 4.2 1, 300 .5 20,000 1.0Ar bitr ati on 4 .8 140 (2) 1,880 . 1D irect n eg otia tion s----------------------------- 3 .6 no (2) 160 (2)R eferral to a government a g e n c y ------ 6 1 . 1 290 . 1 13, 600 .7Other means _ . ---- . — — -------- 9 1.7 760 .3 4, 400 .2

1 Excludes stoppages on which there was no inform ation on issues unsettled or no agreement on procedure for handling.

2 L ess than 0.05 percent.



27

Appendix A: Tables— Work StoppagesTable A-l. W ork Stoppages by Industry, 1961

Industry

All industries -----

Manufacturing

Prim ary metal industries ------------------Blast furnaces, steel works, and

rolling and finishing m il ls -----------Iron and steel foundries-----------------Prim ary smelting and refining of

nonferrous metals -----------------------Secondary smelting and refining of

nonferrous metals and a llo y s ------Rolling, drawing and extruding of

nonferrous metals -----------------------Nonferrous foundries —------------------Miscellaneous primary metal

industries -----------------------------------

Fabricated metal products, except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment --------------------------

Metal cans --------------------------------------Cutlery, handtools, and general

hardware _________________________Heating apparatus (except electric)

and plumbing f ix tu r e s ------------------Fabricated structural metal

products __________________________Screw machine products, and bolts,

nuts, s c rews, rivets, and

Metal stam pings------------------------------Coating, engraving, and allied

services ----------------------------- ----------Miscellaneous fabricated wire

products ---------------------------------------Miscellaneous fabricated metal

products ---------------------------------------

Ordnance and accessories ------------Ammunition, except for

small arms ---------------------------Tanks and tank components ___Sighting and fire control

equipment ____________________Small arms ammunition-----------

Electrical machinery, equipment, andsupplies-----------------------------------------------

E lectric transmission and d istribution equipment______________ -

E lectrical industrial apparatus ,____Household appliances ----------------------E lectric lighting and wiring

equipment ________________________ _Radio and television receiving sets,

except communication types ______Communication equipment__________Electronic components and

a cce sso r ie s______________1________Miscellaneous electrical machinery,

equipment, and supplies ---------------

Machinery, except e le ctr ica l_________ —Engines and turbines________________Farm machinery and equipm ent____Construction, mining, and mate

rials handling machinery andequipment _________________________

Metalworking machinery andequipment ________________________

Special industry machinery, exceptmetalworking m achinery__________

General industrial machineryand equipment_____________________

Office, computing, and accountingmachines ___________________________

Service industry machines __________Miscellaneous machinery, except

Stoppages beginning Man-daysidle,1961

Stoppages beginning in 1961 Man-days

idle,Industry 1961

Number Workersinvolved

(allstoppages) Number Workers

involved(all

stoppages)

13,367 1,450,000 16,300,000 Manufacturing— Continued

Transportation equipment______________ 198 297,000 2, 500,000111,677 897,000 9, 780,000 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle

equipment 62 272,000 2,240,000Aircraft and parts —_______________ _ 14 2,440 35,600

1126 74,400 665,000 Ship and boat building andrepairing 12 6,910

2,590124,000

10, 10039 32,100 224,000 Railroad equipment . .. _ _ 631 16,000 162,000 M otorcycles, bicycles, and parts ___

Miscellaneous transportation1 680 4,060

8 6, 110 78,300 equipment. 5 12,400 93,200

1 20 2,040 Lumber and wood products, except13,100 123,000

17,500furniture _ _ . _ _ . . 175 12,500 234,00020

19 Logging camps and loggingcontractors ___________________ 3 660 14,900

13 3,890 58,200 Sawmills and planing m il ls _________ 20 3, 770 96,100Mill work, veneer, plywood, and

prefabricated structuralwood products 31 5,860

1,560620

89,500 26, 100

7, 650Wooden containers__ ________ __ 10

121191 96,600 1, 130,000 Miscellaneous wood products____ __7 2,060 31, 800

Furniture and fixtures _ 1 70 12,5008,000

256, 000 166, 00016 18,800 88,500 Household furniture _______________ _ 52

Office furniture 6 1,390 47,50014 3,420 112,000 Public building and related

furniture__________ ___ ___ 400 12,80076 18,100 295,000 Partitions, shelving, lockers,

and office and store fixtures 9 2,290 24,300Miscellaneous furniture and

1122

1,39043,900

22, 000 390,000

fixtures 3 380 5, 170—— _ -— - -------------

12 470 10,400 Stone, clay, and glass products________ 130 24,400 458,000Flat glass ___________________________ 8 6,470 77,700

8 1,370 12,500 Glass and glassware, pressedor blown _ __________________________ 5 1,920 4, 240

32 7, 040 168,000 Glass products, made ofpurchased glass ___________________ 6 250 3,030

Cement, hydraulic. _ _ 5 830 4,88099,3006 6, 160 51,400 Structural clay products _____________ 21 3,570

Pottery and related products _____ _ 10 2,070 32,0002 230 6,900

39, 500Concrete , gypsum, and plaster

1,980 products ____ _ __ _ 564

7,510200

168,000 5, 600Cut stone and stone products ________

2 3,910 4,590 Abrasive, asbestos, and m iscel1 50 410 laneous nonmetallic mineral

15 1,590 62, 900

M l4 67, 100 716,000 Textile m ill products 35 5,970 39,100Broadwoven fabric m ills, man

30 6, 710 82,400 made fiber and s ilk ________________ 3 150 35016 4,230 86, 600 Broadwoven fabric m ills, wool:12 4,840 40, 300 Including dyeing and finishing_______ 1 140 860

Knitting mills ________ ___________ 10 710 12, 70027 8,570 130,000 Dyeing and finishing textiles, ex

cept wool fabrics and knit g ood s___ 8 3, 600 12,200£ 6,450 36,400 Floor covering m ills _ _________ _ 3 440 2,3009 4, 290 96, 900 Yarn and thread mills _ 350 1,400

Miscellaneous textile goods 9 580 9,2809 4,860 46,500

11 27,100 196, qoo Apparel and other finished productsmade from fabrics and similar m ateria ls_____________________________ 112 15,100 146,000

1176 89,100 1,240,000 Men's, youths', and boys' suits,10 11,600 105,000 Coat ft j anri ___ __ 4 1,470 19,50013 3,840 25,700 Men's, youths', and boys' furnish

ings, work clothing, and allied garments ___ 7 2,060 11,100

30 26,300 380,000 Women's, m isses ', and juniors*outerwear ___ - - — 67 7,030 83,500

24 9,860 164,000 Women's, m isses ', children's,and infants* undergarments _______ 4 530 1,860

28 3,840 130,000 Hats, caps, and m illin ery______ 3 1,320 6,140G irls ', children's, and infants*

39 20,400 148,000 outerwear _________________________ 6 180 7, 650Fur goods __________________________ 4 50 550

5 1,560 15,900 Miscellaneous apparel and20 5,530 168,000 a cce sso r ie s________________________

Miscellaneous fabricated textile3 2, 070 12,400

18 6,100 98, 800 p ro d u c t .----------------------------------------- 14 370 3, 760

See footnote at end of table.


28

T able A -l. W ork Stoppages by Industry, 1961— Continued

Industry

Manufacturing— Continued

Leather and leather products-------Leather tanning and finishing — Industrial leather belting

and packing ---------------------------Boot and shoe cut stock and

findings ---------------------------------Footwear, except rubber --------Luggage ------------------------------------Handbags and other personal

leather g ood s -------------------------

Food and kindred products --------------------Meat products_______________________Dairy products----------------------------------Canning and preserving fruits,

vegetables, and sea foods --------------Grain m ill products _________________Bakery products------------------------------—

Confectionery and relatedproducts —---------------------------------------

Beverage industries---------------------- —Miscellaneous food preparations

and kindred products-------------------—

Paper and allied products __________Pulp m ills -----------------------------------Paper m ills, except building

paper mills -------------------------------Paperboard mills ------------------------Converted paper and paperboard

products, except containers andboxes —__________________________

Paperboard containers andboxes —--------------------------------------

Building paper and building board m ills ____________________

Printing, publishing, and alliedindustries ----------------------------------------—

Newspapers: Publishing, publishingand printing -----------------------------------

Periodicals: Publishing, publishingand printing ------------------------------------

Books ----------------------------------------------Commercial printing----------------------- -Manifold business forms

manuf actu r in g _____________________Bookbinding and related

industries --------------------------------------Service industries for the printing

trade ----------------------------------------------

Chemicals and allied products --------------Industrial inorganic and organic

chemicals ------------------------------------ —Plastics materials and synthetic

resins, synthetic rubber, synthetic and other man-made fibers,except glass -----------------------------------

Drugs ________________________________Soap, detergents and cleaning prep

arations, perfumes, cosm etics,and other toilet preparations---------

Paints, varnishes, lacquers,enamels., and allied products —---- --

Agricultural chem ica ls-------------- -------Miscellaneous chemical p rod u cts----

Petroleum refining and relatedindustries ---------------------------------------

Petroleum refining -----------------------Paving and roofing materials ------Miscellaneous products of

petroleum and coal --------------------

Rubber and miscellaneous plasticsproducts ------------------------------------------

Tires and inner tubes -------------------Rubber footw ear__________________Reclaimed rubber________________Fabricated rubber products, not

elsewhere classified _-----------------Miscellaneous plastics products — 1


idle,1961(all

stoppages)Industry

„ , . . Man-daysidle,1961(all

stoppages)

in 1961

Number Workersinvolved Number Workers

involved

Manufacturing— Continued

25 18,200 70,400 Professional, scientific, and controlling3 120 1,510 instruments; photographic and optical

goods; watches and clocks „ ----------- 119 12,500 170,0001 30 480 Engineering, laboratory, and scien

tific and research instruments1 50 870 and associated equipment---------------- 2 8 ,9 8 0 93,000

17 16 ,900 62,100 Instruments for measuring, con1 60 130 trolling, and indicating physical

characteristics __________________ _ 11 2 ,9 6 0 46, 2002 1,050 5,370 Optical instruments and lenses -------- 1 40 690

Surgical, m edical, and dental177 80,000 589,000 instruments and supplies--------------— 4 290 18,80041 24,200 179,000 Photographic equipment and22 20,400 130,000 supplies --------------------------------------- 2 210 11,400

18 4,870 28,600 Miscellaneous manufacturing12 3,580 41,000 industries ____________________________ 56 10,400 125,00020 3,540 30,400 Jewelry, silverware, and plated

6 11,100 15,400 ware _______________________________ 1 30 1,760Musical instruments and p a rts --------- 1 1,080 30,300

7 2,240 13,500 Toys, amusements, sporting and37 7,870 108,000 athletic goods ____________________ 11 1,300 14,500

Pens, pencils, and other office and14 2, 190 43,700 artists' m ateria ls--------------------------- 2 110 560

Costume jewelry, costume novel62 15,300 324,000 ties, buttons, and miscellaneous

2 640 21 ,000 notions, except precious m etal-___ 4 300 2,350Miscellaneous manufacturing

9 3, 120 55,200 industries _________________________ 37 7,560 75,0006 2, 400 47,100 Nonmanufacturing________________ 1 1,694 555,000 6 , 500, 000

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries — 31 10,900 80,60018 3, 620 161,000 Mining --------------------------------------------------— 154 37, 700 310,00025 2, 700 26,800 Metal ________________________________ 14 11,100 180,000

Anthracite __________________________ 5 350 4, 1702 2 , 800 13,400 Bituminous coal and lignite --------- — 117 25,100 90,700

Crude petroleum and naturalgas ________________________________ 1 90 5,830

50 8 , 850 93,500 Mining and quarrying of nonmetallicminerals, except fuels __________ _ 17 1 ,0 2 0 29,300

10 2,230 31,300 Contract construction __________________ 824 217,000 3,490,0002 60 2,720 Transportation, communication, e lec 2 90 1,360 tric, gas and sanitary se rv ice s______ 243 211 ,000 1,710,000

26 6 , 260 51,800 Railroad transportation____________ _ 9 24,300 169,000Local and suburban transit and

3 40 2,280 interurban passengertransportation ____________________ _ 56 17,800 291,000

3 50 1,610 Motor freight transportationand warehousing___ ______ . . . . 105 14,900 153,000

4 120 2, 390 Water transportation _ 31 57,800 359,000Transportation by air _____________ 6 77,600 515,000

94 14,100 441,000 Transportation services ____________ 2 260 4, 720Communication_____________________ 18 9,350 75,200

25 5,000 255,000 E lectric, gas and sanitaryservices ___________________ ____ 16 9, 350 141,000

Wholesale and retail trade ____________ 1308 62,400 716,00016 4 010 86 600 Wholesale trade _____________________ 185 24,600 238,000

8 1*500 12!700 Retail tra d e_________________________ 124 37,900 478,000Finance, insurance, and real esta te____ 4 230 3,000

Insurance __________________________ 1 70 1, 6008 1,490 38,300 Real estate__________________________ 3 160 1,400

12 560 5,410 Services —______________________________ 103 9,070 173,00017 980 21,700 Hotels, rooming houses, camps,

8 570 22,000 and other lodging places __________ 9 380 21,600Personal services ---------------------------- 20 2,300 22,300Miscellaneous business s e rv ice s___ 27 2 ,2 9 0 43,900

17 15,000 316,000 Automobile repair, automobile9 14,500 310,000 serv ices, and garages_____________ 18 700 6 ,0 1 07 410 5 760 Miscellaneous repair s e rv ice s ______ 8 230 3,400

Motion p ictu res--------------------------------- 3 110 650. Amusement and recreation services,1 20 430 except motion pictures ____________ 8 1 ,9 1 0 39,500

Medical and other health services _ _ 3 320 25,000Educational services _______________ 2 220 3,820on

92 2 ,bOU

7 70021b, 000

76 000 Museums, art galleries, botanical2 1,580 15,900 and zoological gardens ____________ 1 130 4,3903 * 270 960 Nonprofit membership

organization __ __________ __ __ 4 490 2,58020 8,270 69 ,800 Government--------- ---------------- ------------- 28 6, 610 15,30031 4, 780 52,400 Local government _____ __ _ „ 28 6,610 15,300

1 Stoppages extending into 2 or m ore industries or industry groups have been counted in each industry or group affected; workers involved and man-days idle were allocated to the respective industries.



29

Table A -2. W ork Stoppages by Industry G roup and M ajor Issues, 1961

S.I.C.code

(groupor

division)Industry group

Total <general wage chaages Supplementary benefits

Beginning in 1961 Man-days

idle,Beginning in 1961 Man-days

idle,. 1961 (all

stoppages)


idle,

Number Worker*involved

o Sstoppages) Number Workers

involved Number Workersinvolved

1961(all

stoppages)

Total A ll in d u str ie s ------------------------------- 1 3, 367 1,450, 000 16, 300, 000 11, 359 483, 000 6, 520, 000 145 33, 200 458, 000

Mfg. 1 1. 677 897, 000 9, 780, 000 1769 247, 000 3, 580, 000 83 25, 700 269, 000

19 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ------------ 6 6, 160 51, 400 4 5, 560 45, 70020 Food and kindred p ro d u cts ---------- 177 80, 000 589, 000 84 47, 900 412, 000 9 1, 030 19,90021 Tobacco manufactures ...... -— ------ - - - - - - - - _22 35 5, 970 39, 100 14 1,880 18,400 2 140 250

23 Apparel, etc. 2------------------------------- 112 15, 100 146, 000 26 3, 250 50, 000 10 3, 070 14, 80024 Lumber and wood products,

except furniture ------------------------ 75 12, 500 234, 000 44 4, 610 85, 400 4 3, 020 46, 80025 Furniture and fix tu res ------------------ 70 12, 500 256, 000 39 4, 640 90, 700 1 100 29026 Paper and allied products------------- 62 15, 300 324, 000 23 4,840 96, 200 2 410 6, 770

27 Printing, publishing, andallied industries ------------------------- 50 8,850 93, 500 17 3, 190 36, 000 8 2, 190 15,400

28 Chemicals and alliedproducts -------------------------»---------- 94 14, 100 441, 000 58 8, 150 277, 000 7 1, 790 37,700

29 Petroleum refining andrelated industries ---------------------- 17 15, 000 316, 000 10 4, 610 120, 000 - - -

30 Rubber and miscellaneous65 22, 600 215, 000 28 9, 680 112, 000 2 420 1, 390

31 Leather and leather products — ~ 25 18,200 70, 400 13 16, 200 55, 100 - - -32 Stone, clay, and

glass products----—------------ -------- 130 24, 400 458, 000 69 12, 300 325, 000 6 1, 050 20, 400

33 Prim ary metal industries --------- - 126 74, 400 665, 000 39 10, 400 144, 000 6 1, 960 15, 50034 Fabricated metal products 3 --------- 191 96,600 1, 130, 000 112 30, 500 539, 000 4 2, 370 9, 66035 Machinery, except e le ctr ica l------- 176 89,100 1, 240, 000 81 38,000 669,000 10 4, 070 46, 60036 E lectrical machinery, equip-

114 67,100 716, 000 46 15, 100 189, 000 6 570 17,600

37 Transportation equipment------------ 98 297, 000 2, 500, 000 26 10, 700 191. 000 4 3, 040 9, 52038 Instruments, etc. 5------------------------- 19 12, 500 170, 000 11 11, 100 69, 400 - - -39 Miscellaneous manufacturing

in d u stries ---------------------------------- 56 10, 400 125, 000 35 4, 030 50, 200 2 490 6, 930

Nonmfg. *1, 694 555, 000 6, 500, 000 1 593 237, 000 2, 940, 000 62 7, 510 189,000

A Agriculture, forestry,31 10,900 80, 600 6 8, 020 8,960 - - -

B Mining --------—---------—--------— ------- 154 37, 700 310, 000 16 3, 240 57, 200 4 620 11, 600C Contract construction ---------- ------- 824 217, 000 3, 490, 000 222 105, 000 1, 620, 000 31 3, 830 93, 700E Transportation, communication,

electric, gas, andsanitary serv ices --------------—------- 243 211, 000 1,710, 000 94 53, 200 588, 000 12 2, 450 70, 900

F Wholesale and retailtra d e ----------- ------------------------------- 308 62, 400 716,000 180 55, 400 579, 000 14 600 12, 500

G Finance, insurance, andreal e s ta te --------------------------------- 4 230 3, 000 3 160 1, 400 - - -

H Services ---------------------------------------- 103 9, 070 173, 000 52 5, 330 77, 000 1 10 20I Government---------------------------------- 28 6,610 15, 300 21 5, 960 13, 600



30

Table A -2. W ork Stoppages by Industry G roup and M ajor Issues, 1961— Continued

S.I.C.code

(groupor


Wage adjastmeata Hoars of work Other contractors! natters


idle,Beginningin 1961 Man-days

idle,1961(all

stoppages)

Beginning In 1961 Man-days

idle,


l(Mstoppages) Number Workers

involved Number Workersinvolved stoppages)

Total AH industries_______ _____ 154 46,800 823,000 6 1,800 4,710 26 2, 860 32,500

Mfg. M anufacturing--------------------- 89 28,500 356,000 4 1,090 2,440 19 2,590 28,500

19 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s -------——20 Food and kindred products —--------- 7 1, 300 2, 140 1 460 920 2 130 35021 Tobacco manufactures ------------------ - - - - - - - - -22 Textile m ill products ----- ---------- 2 30 1,250 - - - - -

23 Apparel, e tc .2 __—------------— --------- 11 2,060 4, 900 . 7 580 2, 18024 Lumber and wood products,

except fu rn itu re -------------------------- 2 100 1,890 - - - - - -25 Furniture and fix tu res------------------ 8 2,480 12,500 - - - 2 320 1,96026 Paper and allied products - — . 1 100 200 1 200 600 1 20 30

27 Printing, publishing, andallied industries ------ ----------------- - - - - -

28 Chemicals and alliedp rod u cts___ __ __ 2 250 350 “

29 Petroleum refining andrelated industries ----- ---- — --------- - - - - - - -

30 Rubber and miscellaneousplastics products ----------------------- 1 2, 050 20,500 - - 1 700 4, 900

31 Leather and leather products —---- 4 1,420 3,410 - - - 1 60 13032 Stone, clay, and

glass p rod u cts---- --------- • " 1 130 520 '

33 13 4, 580 7,600 1 300 40034 fahriratoH matal prnHnrta 3 9 1, 950 27,700 3 60 3, 02035 Machinery, except electrical — — 12 4, 270 61,400 - - -36 Electrical machinery, equip*

ment, and su p p lies --------------------- 7 1,910 6,680 - " - -

37 Transportation equipment_________ 6 5, 380 118,000 - - 1 270 9, 28038 Instruments, etc. 5 ---------------------— 2 500 86,600 - - - - -39 Miscellaneous manufacturing

2 170 610 _ j 460 6,660

Nonmfg. Nonmanufacturing — _ 65 18,300 467,000 2 710 2, 270 7 270 3,950

A Agriculture, forestry,and fisheries ____ _____ __ 10 1, 620 27, 100 - - - - - -

B Mining ____________________________ 5 1, 140 4, 100 1 10 170 - - -C Contract construction _ ____ - . 28 14,500 275,000 - - - 1 20 300E Transportation, communication,

electric, gas, andsanitary services —— ----- 10 590 158,000 1 700 2, 100 2 160 2, 680

F Wholesale and retailtrade _______ — - ------ . 9 340 2, 330 4 90 980

G Finance, insurance, andreal e s ta te --------------------------------- - - - - - - - -

H S e r v ic e s --------------------- — -------------- 2 110 480 - - - - -I G overn m en t--------------------------------- 1 10 30



31

T able A -2. W ork Stoppages by Industry G roup and M ajor Issues, 1961— C ontinued

S.LC.code

(groupor


Union organization and security Job security Plant administration



idle,1961(all

stoppages)


idle,




1961(all

stoppages)

Total A ll industries-------------------------------- 1 518 92, 300 2, 390, 000 243 183, 000 1, 800, 000 462 503, 000 3, 630, 000

Mfg. Manufacturing -------------------- 241 28, 700 790, 000 150 66, 400 1, 010, 000 1 231 458, 000 3, 350, 000

19 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ----------- 1 100 4, 490 1 510 1, 19020 Food and kindred products ---------- 20 1, 050 30, 700 16 8, 890 44, 800 26 8,860 47, 90021 Tobacco m anufactures----------------- - _ - - _ _ _ _ _22 Textile m ill products ------------------- 4 140 4, 720 2 120 360 7 3, 500 13, 400

23 Apparel, etc. 2------------------------------- 27 1, 580 31, 900 8 490 10, 200 9 1,930 9, 02024 Lumber and wood products,

except fu rn itu re ------------------------- 11 540 32, 100 3 860 12, 800 8 2, 990 39, 60025 Furniture and fixtures ---------------- 6 650 59, 600 4 1, 670 63, 100 6 2, 160 11, 50026 Paper and allied p ro d u cts ----------- 7 490 25, 200 9 4, 640 41, 700 15 2,820 13, 300

27 Printing, publishing, andallied industries------------------------- 14 300 14, 500 2 410 11, 300 5 1, 470 11, 000

28 Chemicals and alliedproducts-------------------------------------- 9 640 21, 800 7 1, 090 16, 900 8 1, 570 31, 000

29 Petroleum refining andrelated industries---------------------- 3 430 27, 500 3 3, 730 156, 000 - - -

30 Rubber and miscellaneousplastics produ cts----------------------- 10 850 12, 800 5 2, 720 30, 300 14 5, 370 29, 900

31 Leather and leather p rodu cts------- 3 130 8, 420 1 30 30 2 260 3, 15032 Stone, clay, and

glass products --------------------------- 16 1, 250 57, 800 14 3, 370 14, 300 15 5, 760 38, 700

33 Prim ary metal industries ----------- 15 4, 090 74, 900 18 5, 210 61, 600 30 40, 900 316, 00034 Fabricated metal products 3 --------- 26 1,450 69,900 12 3, 540 20, 300 20 56, 100 448, 00035 Machinery, except electrical ------- 28 6, 150 110, 000 16 9, 050 196, 000 23 24, 600 149, 00036 Electrical machinery, equip-

ment, and supplies -------------------- 15 1, 860 105, 000 11 5, 840 134, 000 24 41, 000 261, 000

37 Transportation equipment------------- 12 2, 150 36, 900 15 14, 300 190, 000 27 258,000 1, 930, 00038 Instruments, etc. 5 ----------------------- 3 570 6, 800 2 270 6, 660 1 40 70039 Miscellaneous manufacturing

industries ---------------------------------- 11 4, 300 55, 000 2 190 2, 000 1 730 2, 940

Nonmfg. Nonmanufacturing--------------- 278 63, 600 1, 600, 000 93 116, 000 791, 000 231 44, 100 276, 000

A Agriculture, forestry,and fis h e r ie s ------------------------------- 15 1, 290 24, 200 - - 4 20, 400 - - -

B M in in g--------------- —---- ---- --------------- 16 6, 730 145, 000 33 7, 650 20, 900 63 16,400 56, 800C Contract con stru ction ------------------- 113 50, 100 1, 260, 000 25 1, 690 10, 000 86 11, 500 74, 600E Transportation, communication,

electric, gas, andsanitary s e r v ic e s ----------------------- 38 900 22, 200 23 105, 000 696, 000 45 13, 500 121, 000

F Wholesale and retailtrade ------------------------------------------- 60 1,880 67, 000 10 2, 370 42, 400 23 1, 110 9, 640

G Finance, insurance, andreal estate --------------------------------- 1 70 1, 600 - - - - - -

H Services ---------------------------------------- 34 2, 590 81, 900 2 50 1, 290 10 950 12, 400I Government----------------------------------- 20 20 4 610 1, 640



32

Table A -2. W ork Stoppages by Industry G roup and M ajor Issues, 1961— Continued

S.I.C.code

(groupor


Other working coeditlons Intension or intrannion matters Not reported



idle,*88

stoppages)


idle,


oSstoppages) Number Workersinvolved Number Workers

involved1961(all

stoppages)

Total A ll in d u str ie s ----------------------------- 48 15, 200 333, 000 364 87, 700 273, 000 42 3,680 14, 000

Mfg. M anufacturing------------------- 33 11,600 311, 000 36 26, 200 74, 400 22 1, 500 4, 870

19 Ordnance and a c ce s s o r ie s ----------20 Food and kindred products---------- 4 390 17, 000 8 9,890 12, 800 - - -21 Tobacco m anufactures---------------- - - - - - - - - -22 Textile m ill p ro d u c ts ----------------- 1 10 350 - - 3 150 290

23 Apparel, etc. 2 ---------------------------- 2 120 290 7 1, 700 22, 100 5 270 90024 Lumber and wood products,

except fu rn itu re ----------------------- 1 200 15, 200 2 150 430 - - -25 Furniture and fixtures ---------------- 2 40 2, 000 1 400 12,800 1 10 1, 23026 Paper and allied products----------- 2 1,710 140, 000 - - - 1 70 140

27 Printing, publishing, andallied industries ----------------------- 1 180 350 2 1, 020 4, 660 1 100 300

28 Chemicals and alliedp ro d u cts ----------------------------------- 2 580 56,800 “ 1 50 50

29 Petroleum refining andrelated industries--------------------- - - - 1 6, 180 12,800 - - 1 -

30 Rubber and miscellaneousplastics p rod u cts---------------------- 2 710 2, 770 1 90 90 1 10 10

31 Leather and leather produ cts----- - - - - - - 1 80 23032 Stone, clay, and

glass p ro d u c ts -------------------------- 6 500 1, 550 1 30 30 2 60 210

33 Prim ary metal industries----------- 2 4, 760 41,800 1 2, 250 2, 250 1 20 50034 Fabricated metal products 3 -------- 3 610 11,800 - - 440 2 50 10035 Machinery, except e le ctr ica l----- 1 140 1, 090 3 2, 290 2, 360 2 470 74036 E lectrical machinery, equip

ment, and supplies-------------------- 2 740 1, 600 3 110 760 - - -

37 Transportation equipment----------- 2 900 18, 300 4 2, 040 3, 020 1 180 18038 Instruments, etc. 5----------------------- - - - - - - - - -39 Miscellaneous manufacturing

industries---------------------------------- ■ ” 2 30 200 " ”

Nonmfg. Nonmanufacturing--------------- 15 3,650 22, 400 328 61, 600 198,000 20 2, 180 9, 130

A Agriculture, forestry,and f is h e r ie s ----------------------------- - - - - - - - - -

B Mining ---- ---------------------------- --------- 4 290 9, 080 4 490 1, 710 8 1, 080 3, 040C Contract construction------------------- 7 510 6, 020 303 28, 200 154, 000 8 850 5, 790E Transportation, communication,

electric, gas, andsanitary s e r v ic e s ---------------------- 2 2, 760 6, 980 14 32, 400 40, 600 2 150 150

F Wholesale and retailtrade ------------------------------------------ 1 80 300 5 470 2, 160 2 100 150

G Finance, insurance, andreal estate------------ :--------------------- - - - - - - - -

H S erv ices---------------------------------------- 1 20 50 1 20 120 - -I Government---------------------------------- 1 10 20

1 Stoppages affecting m ore than 1 industry group have been counted in each group affected; workers involved and man-days idle were allocated to the respective groups.

2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.3 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.4 Idleness in 1961 resulting from stoppage that began in I960.5 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks.



33

T able A -3. W ork Stoppages in States H aving 25 or M ore Stoppages by Industry G roup, 19611

Industry group

Alabama Arkansas CaliforniaStoppages beginning

in 1961 Man-days idle during 1961 (all

stoppages)


Man-days idle during 1961 (aU

stoppages)


Man-days idle during 1961 (ah

stoppages)Number Workersinvolved Number Workers


All industries ---- — — --------------— ---- --— -------- 65 12,900 167,000 30 3. 480 43. 100 269 99,100 u i y w

Manufacturing--------— ----------------- --------- 28 6,580 108,000 12 1,880 31,600 116 48,600 649,000

Primary metal industries ---- ----- — ------— ----- 4 500 9, 360 _ _ _ 6 1,820 13,400Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportationequipment -..T.--------------------------------------------- 6 1, 340 27,300 - - - 12 6,480 77,500

Ordnance and accessories . - - - - - - 1 1,980 39,500Electrical machinery, equipment,

and su p p lie s---- ---------------------------— ------------ 1 50 3, 330 1 170 2,480 5 4, 240 42,800Machinery, except electrical —............. — ------- 1 650 5,860 1 120 2, n o 6 3, 370 30, 100Transportation equipm ent________ — ------------- 5 2,640 29,000 - - - 8 14,300 171,000Lumber and wood products, except

furniture----------------- — —— -------— ---------------- - - - 1 30 510 12 1,440 26, 500Furniture and fixtures ----------- ---------------------- - - - 3 620 12,200 6 470 5,470Stone, clay, and glass p rod u cts -------------------- 2 120 5,470 2 450 8,000 12 1,220 55,500Textile m ill products — —— —------------ ---- -— — - - - - - - 1 70 1,960Apparel and other finished products made

from fabrics and similar m aterials------------- - - - - - - 1 50 150Leather and leather products----- ----- —— ------- - - - 1 220 220 - - -Food and kindred products_______— . . . ---- -— — 3 150 1,540 2 70 3,720 24 9,010 113,000Tobacco m anufactures---------------------------------- . - - - - - - - -Paper and allied p rod u cts ----------------------------- 1 280 830 1 200 2, 400 3 210 690Printing, publishing, and allied industries ---- - - - - - - 2 190 1,420Chemicals and allied products -------— ---- ------- 4 640 24,200 - - - 9 750 35,600Petroleum refining and related industries . - - - - - 3 130 1, 190Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.. 1 220 i, n o - - - 7 2,000 27,500Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and opticalgoods; watches and clocks —— —— ----------- — 1 20 500 - - - 1 270 2, 400

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries — ---- - - - - - 6 640 3,590

37 6, 330 58,700 18 1,600 11,400 154 50,500 459,000

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ! 20 560 _ _ _ 24 2,680 39,200M ining________ — --------— -------——------------------- 16 4, 180 16,500 - - - 2 690 7, 160Contract construction------------------------------------ 7 380 1,030 15 1,420 7,960 55 10,300 ,'3, 400Transportation, communication, electric,

gas, and sanitary s e r v ic e s ------------------ ------- 6 1, 320 27, 300 1 30 100 31 27, 000 157, 000Wholesale and retail tra d e ..—..— .........—------- 7 440 13, 200 2 150 3, 370 27 8, 120 134, 000

- - - - - - 1 20 40S e r v ic e s --------------------- ---- -— .— .■■■■■-------— - - - - - - - 13 1,530 28,000Government . . . ----- ---------- — ---- ——— — ----- — - - - - - - 2 140 180

Colorado Connecticut Florida

All industries — — 49 16,800 220,000 56 17, 900. 372,000 66 23,600 183, 000

Manufacturing 18 5,690 47,800 22 4, 140 66,500 14 4, 080 25,600

Prim ary metal in du stries_____ ____________ . 2 70 1,250Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportationequipment _ — - - - 3 800 14,100 1 20 500

Ordnance and a c ce sso r ie s --- ------------------------- - - - - - - - - -Electrical machinery, equipment

and supplies 2 70 850 - - - - - -Machinery, except electrical . . . 3 1,500 27, 100 6 1,560 32,300 2 270 6,010Transportation equipment 1 40 370 - - - 1 40 350Lumber and wood products, except

furniture 1 80 8, 100 - - - - - -Furniture and fixtures ______________________ - - . - - - - - 2 1, 780Stone, clay, and glass p rod u cts_____________ 3 190 620 1 100 1, 300 - - -Textile m ill products - - - - - - - - -Apparel and other finished products made

from fabrics and similar materials - - - - - - 2 50 2,820Leather and leather products__ '_____________ - - - - - - - - -Food and kindred products ---- _ 3 330 3,860 1 10 180 3 2, 350 4,460Tobacco manufactures - - - - - - - - -Paper and allied p rod u cts_____ __. . . ______ . . . . - - - 2 460 1, 370 2 1, 160 3,660Printing, publishing, and allied industries.—. 3 50 2,090 1 10 150 1 100 5,660Chemicals and allied products . . - - - 1 50 160 1 50 100Petroleum refining and related industries---- - - - - - - - - -Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products — 1 3, 350 3, 350 4 320 500 - - -Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and opticalgoods; watches and clocks - - - 1 760 15,200 - - .

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries-------- 1 100 1,480 - - 1 30 220

Nonmanufacturing - 31 11,200 173, 000 34 13,800 306,000 52 19,500 157,000

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

M ining_________________ _____ . . .—---- . . . . .__— - - - - - - - - -Contract construction _____ 21 10,200 163,000 16 11, 000 276,000 35 2, 750 61, 800Transportation, communication, electric,

gas. and sanitary services _ .... 6 720 6, 160 10 2,520 26, 200 9 16, 100 90, 700Wholesale and retail trade 2 n o 1,860 5 120 1, 480 5 170 3, n oFinance, insurance, and real estate 1 130 1, 250 _ _

Services .... ... . _ _ 3 j _ 3 100 2,010 2 20 120- - - 1 420 1,270



34

T able A -3. W ork Stoppages in States H aving 25 or M ore Stoppages by Industry G roup, 1961— Continued

Georgia Hawaii Illinois

Industry group Stoppages beginning in 1961 Man-days

idle during1961 (all

stoppages)

Stoppages beginning Man-days idle during 1961 (all

stoppages)


Man-days idle during 1961 (all stoppages)Number Workers

involved Number Workersinvolved Number Workers

involved

All industries --------------- ------------------------------- 30 17,600 241,000 33 21,700 47,100 219 91,900 869,000

Manufacturing _________________________ 13 7,900 101,000 15 11,300 18,200 111 69,700 706,000

Prim ary metal industries ___________________ _ _ _ _ _ . 17 6,250 98, 500Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportation equipment — 2 250 5,890 1 20 20 11 7,720 120,000Ordnance and a c ce sso r ie s___________________ - - - - - - - - -E lectrical machinery, equipment, and

supplies _ _________ ___ _ _____ 2 330 2, 180 - - - 11 3,660 75, 100Machinery, except e le ctr ica l------------------------- 2 250 2,600 - - - 19 25,500 245,000Transportation equipment ---------- — ---------- 4 6,970 88,100 - - - 9 3,490 32,200Lumber and wood products, except

fu rn itu re__________________________________ - - - 1 10 170 3 150 4, 090Furniture and fix tu res_______________________ - - - - - - 3 130 1, 080Stone, clay, and glass products ------------ ----- - - - 1 40 80 8 600 7, 320Textile m ill products ______________________ 1 40 150 - - - 1 30 950Apparel and other finished products made

from fabrics and similar m a te r ia ls ----------- - - - - - - 2 40 240Leather and leather products _______ ____ - - - - . - 2 2,290 11,700Food and kindred products __________________ - - - 10 11,200 17,600 10 17,100 46, 600Tobacco manufactures------------------------------------- - - - - - - - -Paper and allied products ------------------------------ - - - 1 40 40 3 800 26,900Printing, publishing, and allied industries__ 1 20 1,310 - - - 6 690 7, 190Chemicals and allied products -------------------- 1 50 540 1 40 260 1 10 11,500Petroleum refining and related industries---- - - - - - - 1 70 1,390Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.. - - - - - - 3 80 1,780Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and opticalgoods; watches and clocks -------- - - - - - - 2 1,080 14,100

Miscellaneous manufacturing in d u stries------- - - - - “ “ 1 40 200

Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- 17 9,650 140,' 000 20 10,400 28,900 108 22,200 163,000

Agriculture, forestry, and fish e r ie s________ _ _ _ 2 7,840 7,840 1 40 2, 130M ining--- ------ --- --------- — — - - - - - - 16 4,530 17,800Contract construction________________________ 5 7,800 124,000 4 540 3,660 47 6, 160 77,100Transportation, communication, electric,

gas, and sanitary services --------------- 7 1,710 15,600 8 1,530 9,860 14 6,630 37,600Wholesale and retail trade ------------------- --------- 3 110 290 2 150 300 18 4,360 25,400Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ________ - - - - - - 1 70 1,600Services ___ ________________________ _____ _ 2 30 600 4 300 7,280 7 290 420G overn m en t--------------------------------------------------- ~ “ ■ 4 110 880

Indiana Iowa Kansas

All in d u stries---- -------------------------- ------- - 107 60,700 510,000 47 12,800 158,000 39 7,680 65,400

Manufacturing _________________________ 71 54,500 476,000 21 8,040 83,400 10 5,650 50,900

Prim ary metal industries ___________________ 15 4, 150 39,600 ! 80 720 _ _ .Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportation equipment — 6 2, 580 11,700 1 150 12,500 - - -Ordnance and a c ce sso r ie s_________________ . - - - - - - - - -E lectrical machinery, equipment, and

supplies____________________________________ 4 20,300 180,000 2 1,280 4,700 1 390 3,880Machinery, except e le ctr ica l------------------------- 8 4,280 11,600 9 1,540 16,500 - - 2700Transportation equipment ----- ------ - 8 16,700 113,000 1 50 410 2 3,020 23,700Lumber and wood products, except

furniture _______ - ------------------------------- - 2 80 6,600 - - - - - -Furniture and fix tu res----------- ----- . . . . 5 1, 510 15,400 - - - 1 50 1,400Stone, clay, and glass products ____ ____ - 7 960 35,700 - - - 1 270 530Textile m ill products ________________________ - - - - - - - - -Apparel and other finished products made

from fabrics and similar m a ter ia ls ----------- 1 70 980 - - - - - -Leather and leather products ----------------------- - - - - - - - - -Food and kindred products --------------- ------------ 4 860 5,530 6 4, 560 45,500 3 190 3,960Tobacco manufactures ----------- ----- ------------ - - - - - - - - -Paper and allied products ----------------------------- 5 660 5,990 - - - - - -Printing, publishing, and allied industries — - - - - - 22, 630 2 50 3,270Chemicals and allied products ---------------------- 4 340 6,220 1 50 70 - - -Petroleum refining and related industries---- 1 1,550 41,400 - - - - - -Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products . . 1 300 300 1 350 350 1 1,690 13,500Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and opticalgoods; watches and c lo ck s --------------------------- 1 120 2,220 - - - - - -

Miscellaneous manufacturing in du stries------- 1 70 810 - - - - - -

Nonmanufacturing ______ ._ -------- - 36 6,260 33,800 26 4,790 74,900 29 2,040 14,500

Agriculture, forestry, and fish er ies ------------- _ _ _ . _ _ _ _Mining _______________________________________ 6 1,500 6,660 - - - - - -Contract construction ----------------------------------- 14 2,720 14,800 15 4.410 69,200 19 950 6.960Transportation, communication, electric,

gas, and sanitary services ------------------------ 8 1,090 7,230 3 n o 590 5 550 4,270Wholesale and retail trade ---------------------------- 4 840 2,840 6 250 4,900 5 530 3,260Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ---- --- . - - - - - - _ . .Services _____________________________________ 3 40 1,660 1 10 40 - - -Government --------------------------------------------------- 1 80 680 1 10 150 “ " ■



35

T able A -3. W ork Stoppages in States H aving 25 or M ore Stoppages by Industry G roup, 1961— Continued

Industry group

Kentucky Louisiana MarylandStoppages beginning Man-days

idle during 1961 (all

stoppages)


idle during1961 (all

stoppages)


Man-days idle during 1961 (all



67 15. 700 119.000 34 5.840 207.000 46 14. 000 185.000

18 7.640 65.700 9 2. 240 149. 000 21 6.990 85. 500

Prim ary metal industries ------------------------------ 3 2, 450 2,970 . _ ! 110 1, 240Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportation equipment— 2 310 8,830 l 50 420 5 1, 110 18,800Ordnance and accessories — — —— ———— - - - - - - - - -E lectrical machinery, equipment, and

4 1, 350 1,600 - - - 1 220 220Machinery, except electrical —— — — — — 1 300 9, 300 1 90 340 1 10 780Transportation equipment — — — ——— —— 1 1,900 17, 100 1 60 530 1 2,960 22, 100Lumber and wood products,

except fu rn itu re-------— — ——— — — — - - - - - - 1 90 620Furniture and fixtures —---- ——— — —— — - - - - - - - - -Stone, clay, and glass products — ......... —— — 2 500 8, 600 1 50 4, 700 2 30 170Textile m ill products ---------------------- ----- -------- - - - - - - - - -Apparel and other finished products made

2 620 1,780 - - - 2 350 16,100Leather and leather products — — — —— — - - 2 2, 850 - - - - - -Food and kindred products — —---------------------- 2 190 12, 600 1 70 70 2 330 410Tobacco manufactures —---------------- --------------- - - - - - - - - -

- - - 1 1, 580 137,000 - - -Printing, publishing, and aUied

industries — — —— --------— — ————— — - - - - - - - - -1 20 n o 2 320 910 2 860 18,000

Petroleum refining and related industries — r - - 1 40 2, 280 - - -Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products— - - - - - - 1 700 4, 900Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and opticalgoods; watches and clocks — ---------------------— - - - - - - - - -

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries — “ - - 2 2, 540 2 210 2, 170

49 8.020 53. 600 25 3. 590 58. 400 25 6.980 99.600

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries — ... . — _ _ _ _ _ _ _M ining----- — —— — — ——— ---- — — — — . 28 3, 870 25,700 - - - - - -Contract construction — —— —— — ...........— 12 3,010 22, 400 14 1,690 31, 200 16 3, 840 62, 900Transportation, communication, electric,

gas, and sanitary services —— ----- -------------- 5 1, 090 5, 090 7 1, 700 21, 900 6 3, 100 36,0002 40 220 3 210 5, 250 2 30 650

Finance, insurance, and real estate----— ------ - - - - _ _ - - _Services — — —————— —— — — -— — — 2 20 200 31 - - 1 10 20Government — —— — — — —

Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota

134 44.500 412. 000 180 239.000 1.820.000 46 20.700 452. 000

80 25.400 284. 000 101 219.000 1.600.000 22 6. 690 63. 000

1 50 200 9 19,400 167,000 1 50 190Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportation equipment— 5 1,940 22, 300 19 29,500 202,000 2 130 1,4301 510 1, 190 - - - 1 50 410

Electrical machinery, equipment, andsupplies------ -------- ----------------- ----------- — — — 9 1, 140 12, 400 7 14, 700 76, 700 - - -

Machinery, except e le ctr ica l------------------------- 7 2, 330 82, 800 17 12, 200 142, 000 3 910 7,910Transportation equipment — --------———----- —— 3 1,620 19,400 22 138,000 928, 000 1 1, 520 13, 700Lumber and wood products, except

furniture ———— —— — — — — —— —— 2 70 140 - - - 2 160 750Furniture and f ix tu r e s ---------------------------------- 2 210 6, 430 - - 2 2, 320 - - -

4 270 1, 160 5 1,500 13, 600 2 180 3,720Textile m ill products ----------------- ------------------------ 2 480 1,070 1 60 110 - - -Apparel and other finished products made

19 4, 470 19,100 - - - - - -

Leather and leather products — ---------— —— — 5 9, 390 13,400 1 30 480 - - -Food and kindred products ........................................ 8 1,720 4, 160 9 1 , 180 37, 400 4 1, 330 5, n oTobacco manufactures-----— - — ----- — ---------- — - - - - - - - - -Paper and allied products -----— ...................— —— 2 300 11,500 1 310 930 2 350 6, 470Printing, publishing, and allied industries — 2 30 700 4 1,050 5, 140 2 150 970Chemicals and allied products —— ------- -— ----- 2 70 920 4 220 1,680 - - -Petroleum refining and related industries — - - - - - - - - -

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products— 3 150 600 8 770 21,000 - - -Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and opticalgoods; watches and clocks —---------------- ------ . . . 3 640 86,700 1 40 700 1 170 3, 700

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries — - - - 4 130 2, 160 1 1,700 18, 70054 19.100 128.000 79 20.200 219,000 24 14, 000 389,000

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries — ------ — _ _ _ _ . _ _ .

M ining----- --------- -----— --------- — ------ ------ —— —— 1 10 100 - - - - - -25 5,060 54, 200 45 16.600 169,000 9 11,000 273,000

Transportation, communication, electric,gas, and sanitary services ------------- --------------- 13 8, 470 54, 600 9 1, 720 31,500 5 1, 320 103, 000

Wholesale and retail trade----------------—— — ----- 11 1 , 110 13, 200 17 1, 520 10, 200 8 1,600 11, 300Finance, insurance, and real estate —------------ - - - - - - - -

3 70 1,760 8 320 8, 280 2 70 1, 6301 4,400 4, 400



36

T able A-3. W ork Stoppages in States H aving 25 or M ore Stoppages by Industry G roup, 1961-—Continued

Industry group

Missouri Nebraska New JerseyStoppages beginning

in 1961Man-days

idle daring 1961 (allstoppages)



stoppages)





All industries . . - - . . . . . 88 34,500 470,000 26 5, 830 70,300 234 82,300 762,000

Manufacturing_______ 45 23, 700 396,000 6 3,870 33,000 142 51, 200 568,000

Primary metal in d u stries__ ___ — 2 430 19, 300 . . . 10 3, 110 19,900Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportation equipment__ 5 1,430 10,700 - - - 12 5,460 43,400Ordnance and a c ce sso r ie s__ — - - - - - - - - -E lectrical machinery, equipment,

and supplies — ---- 8 2, 320 51,400 - - - 10 5,740 99,600Machinery, except e le ctr ica l------------------------- 2 600 49,600 - - - 16 4, 950 65,700Transportation equipment — 4 13,900 197,000 - - - 11 17,100 167,000Lumber and wood products, except

furniture___________________________________ 3 340 23,200 - - - 4 470 5,430Furniture and fixtures __ . . . 2 240 2,880 - - . 4 1,020 29,200Stone, clay, and glass products — _ 5 580 6, 300 - - - 9 870 13,800Textile m ill p rod u cts---- - - - - - - 8 2, 720 12,000Apparel and other finished products made

from fabrics and similar m a te r ia ls________ - - - - - - 6 220 2, 130Leather and leather products__ 3 1,090 2,700 - - - 1 20 440Food and kindred p r o d u c t s --------------------------- 5 1, 530 16,500 4 2,930 10,500 9 1,630 18,100Tobacco manufactures — — — _ - - - - - - - - - -Paper and allied products — _ _ ___ 1 100 200 - - - 8 2,010 17,900Printing, publishing, and allied industries___ 1 40 1,000 - - - 4 260 7,630Chemicals and allied products _ - 2 800 12, 100 1 280 11,800 19 2,210 27,400Petroleum refining and related industries---- - - - - - - 3 760 8,400Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products _ - - - 1 670 10,700 5 2,450 26,700Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and opticalgoods; watches and c lo c k s ____________ ___— - - - - - - 1 60 2, 170

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries-------- 2 290 2,410 - 3 140 1,800

43 10,800 74, 000 20 1,960 37,300 92 31, 100 193,000

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _M ining--------------- ------------------------- ------------------- 1 10 80 - - - 1 10 430Contract construction - — _ — 16 1,610 13,900 16 1,690 34,800 36 5, 150 50,700Transportation, communication, electric,

gas, and sanitary services ------------------ ------ 10 8, 180 44,900 - - - 24 19,000 89, 300Wholesale and retail trade ---------------------------- 11 910 12, 300 2 230 960 20 6, 140 48, 600Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ------------- 1 10 110 - - - - - .Service s _________ ___ 3 60 2,630 2 40 1, 580 7 150 3,440Government --------- - — - - ------- 1 60 60 " " 4 610 1,010

New York Ohio Oklahoma

421 180,000 1,860, 000 283 127,000 1,420,000 29 8,550 92,400

Manufacturing_________________________ 229 76,000 785,000 172 110,000 1, 180,000 14 3,610 71, 900

Prim ary metal in d u stries----------------------------- 11 5,630 46,100 23 18,100 123,000 ! 190 1,510Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportation equipment — 30 8,290 138,000 27 18,900 218,000 3 810 6, 410Ordnance and accessories . . . . . — 1 3, 400 3. 400 - - - - - -E lectrical machinery, equipment,

and su p p lie s ----------------------------- — --------------- 12 1,440 12,200 15 6,670 79,100 - - -Machinery, except e le ctr ica l------------------------- 12 4,770 54,200 20 7, 350 113,000 1 130 1, 130Transportation equipm ent___________________ 8 9,730 74, 700 20 43,700 395,000 2 250 4, 000Lumber and wood products, except

furniture___________________________________ 6 300 2,880 3 120 2, 200 - - -Furniture and fixtures . — - 16 2,230 34,200 11 2,790 79,000 - - -Stone, clay, and glass products______________ 13 5, 310 113, 000 18 3,700 75,700 3 600 9, 100Textile m ill p rod u cts ---------------------- --------- ---- 10 770 9,680 1 20 1,220 - - -Apparel and other finished products made

from fabrics and similar m aterials----- ------- 36 2,870 36,100 2 220 540 - - -Leather and leather products__ 6 4, 020 22,500 - - - - - -Food and kindred products — 13 14,000 156,000 13 1, 310 22,000 2 160 310Tobacco manufactures ---- - - - - - - - - -Paper and allied products — — ---------------------- 11 1, 130 30,800 4 470 4, 070 - - -Printing, publishing, and allied industries^ .. 8 1,000 7,970 2 20 30 - - -Chemicals and allied products . 10 840 11,200 5 460 5,470 - - -Petroleum refining and related industries----- 1 20 30 - - - - - -Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products _ 9 620 7,850 8 4, 340 24, 700 1 1, 350 43,200Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and opticalgoods; watches and clocks . . . . 4 8,840 18, 100 - - - 1 130 6,250

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries-------- 16 790 5,460 6 1,500 36,500 " -

Nonmanufacturing __ ---- _ _ 192 105,000 1,070,000 111 17,500 243,000 15 4, 940 20,500

Agriculture, forestry, and f is h e r ie s ----------- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _M ining_______________________________________ 1 30 2,460 7 1, 790 4, 140 - - -Contract construction---- ---- ------------------ ---- — 48 18,200 397,000 42 6,950 111,000 9 1,880 8,050Transportation, communication, electric,

gas, and sanitary se rv ice s ---- ---------------— — 41 64,700 388,000 22 5, 110 64,200 2 2,960 9,07074 18,000 235,000 31 2, 600 52, 400 3 90 3, 410

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ------------- - - - - - - - - -S ervices---------------------------------------- --------- -------- 26 3,460 47,300 8 1,070 11, 200 31 - -G overn m en t--------------------------------------------------- 2 160 930 1 10 20 " -



37

T able A -3. W ork Stoppages in States H aving 25 or M ore Stoppages by Industry G roup, 1961-—Continued

Industry group

Oregon Pennsylvania TennesseeStoppages beginning

in 1961 Man-days idle during 1961 (all stoppages)


Man-days idle during1961 (all

stoppages)

Stoppages beginningin 1961

Man-dayB idle during 1961 (all



25 13. 000 229.000 393 112.000 1.730.000 58 10.900 202. 000

12 3. 990 43.900 235 62.900 824. 000 22 7. 150 148. 000

16 7, 430 34, 900 ! 420 33, 600Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportation equipment— 1 10 1,070 35 7,210 147,000 1 850 15, 300- - - 1 130 2,410 1 100 4,490

Electrical machinery, equipment, andsupplies —--------------------------------------------------- - - - 16 2,040 29, 300 2 240 7,490

- - - 28 12,000 192,000 3 110 1, 140Transportation equipm ent------— —----------------- - - - 5 4, 210 88,500 3 670 8,910Lumber and wood products, except

7 3, 420 39,100 8 1, 230 6, 610 1 80 170Furniture and fix tu res------------------ —-------------- 1 340 1, 370 8 290 2, 450 2 1,800 47,500Stone, clay, and glass products — —.. .—------ — - - - 19 3,090 37,800 1 2, 210 17,700Textile m ill products —--------------- --------------- — — - - - 5 760 6,950 - - -Apparel and other finished products made

from fabrics and similar m a ter ia ls ----- — —- - - - 36 5,910 64, 000 - - -- - - 3 860 12, 500 1 70 2, 340

Food and kindred products --------------------------------- - - - 14 3,550 31, 200 1 30 560Tobacco m anufactures-----------------— -------- -— ------- - - - - - - - - -

Paper and allied products — - — -------- --------------— - - - 6 1 , 120 9,980 1 40 980Printing, publishing, and allied industries — - - - 9 4,490 29,700 1 20 2, 550Chemicals and allied products — - — ------------- — - - - 7 1,050 7, 130 3 490 4, 800Petroleum refining and related industries —— - - - 6 2, 780 60,000 - - -Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products— 1 70 1,040 4 650 4, 220 - - -Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and opticalgoods; watches and clocks — — ------------------- — 2 150 1, 320 2 360 18, 000 - - -

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ------ - - - - 7 3,760 39,700 1 30 930

13 9.050 185.000 158 48.800 911.000 36 3.750 53. 300.

Agriculture, forestry, and fish er ies -----------— _ 1 30 130 . _ .

Mining — — .......... „ --------- ------------ —-------- ----------------- - - - 19 2, 680 12, 100 7 540 2,760Contract construction —--------------- --------— ----------- 6 7,220 162, 000 65 17,900 591,000 18 2, 450 28,700Transportation, communication, electric,

3 1,150 13,900 33 15,000 203,000 8 530 5,020Wholesale and retail trade -------------------------— — 3 620 8, 680 26 12,000 70,100 1 80 6,020

- - - - _ _ _ _ _

S e r v ic e s ----- --------------- — ....................... ............... 1 60 1,200 13 1,030 34, 200 31 - 2 8, 700Government —------------ --------- -— --------- -------- ----- ------- - 1 60 550

1150 2, 100

Texas Virginia Washington

82 41.300 798.000 40 12.900 112. 000 82 14. 800 251.000

22 14. 800 417.000 12 4. 140 47.400 24 3.750 72. 500

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportation equipment— 2 120 7,520 1 150 2, 850 - -Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ----------- ---- ----------- - - - - - - - - -E lectrical machinery, equipment and

supplies ---------- -------- --------- ---------------- ------— - - - - - - - - -1 60 2, 890 1 1, 100 7, 300 - - -

Transportation equipment —---------------- —------— 4 3,170 30,600 1 1; 200 10, 800 2 140 830Lumber and wood products, except

1 80 4, 410 1 140 11, 300 8 2, 290 52, 200Furniture and fix tu res---- ------------------------------- - - - 2 130 350 2 350 7, 090

2 170 13, 600 - - - 2 30 1, 420Textile m ill p rod u cts ------------------------------------- 1 180 720 - - - - - -Apparel and other finished products made

from fabrics and similar materials ---------— - - - 2 90 2, 460 - - -Leather and leather products — —..... ........ ..... - - - - - - - - -Food and kindred products — — — --------— 4 240 11,200 - - - 2 140 790

- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - 1 350 690

Printing, publishing, and allied industries — - - - - - - 2 30 4,710Chemicals and allied p rod u cts ----------- ---- ------ 3 1, 540 145, 000 2 560 9, 270 2 90 2, 640Petroleum refining and related industries —— 3 9, 180 198,000 1 20 60 2 310 1, 830Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products— 1 30 3,430 - - - - - -Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and opticalgoods; watches and clocks — ------------------ — - - - - - - - -

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries — - " “ 1 730 2, 940 1 30 320

60 26.600 380.000 28 8.720 64. 200 58 11.000 179.000

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries — ---- —— 1 170 5, 740 _ _ _ _ _ 220,400M in in g ------------------------------ --------------------- ---- — 1 90 5,830 7 3,050 8, 420 - - -

39 19,400 304, 000 9 1, 610 12, 200 39 8, 210 94, 200Transportation, communication, electric,

gas, and sanitary services —---- —— —— — 10 6,550 63, 100 9 4,040 43, 400 5 2,250 47,3008 330 1,560 1 10 200 9 410 15,100

Finance, insurance, and real estate — ——- - - - - - - - _ _Services —----------------------------------------------- ---- — 31 - 2 510 2 10 20 4 150 1,810Government — ----------------------------------- ------------ “ " - " “ “ 1 20 20



38

T able A-3. W ork Stoppages in States H aving 25 or M ore Stoppages by Industry G roup, 1961— C ontinued

Industry group

West Virginia WisconsinStoppages beginning

in 1961Man-days

idle duringI Stoppages beginningi in 1961

Man-days idle during 1961 (all stoppages)Number Workers

involved1960 (all

stoppages) Number Workersinvolved

All industries _______________________________________ 81 12,700 197,000 54 18,700 285,000

Manufacturing--------------------------------------------------- 17 3,900 109,000 36 17,800 264,000

Primary metal industries — — ---------- — — — 2 670 3, 130 2 450 13,400Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,

machinery, and transportation equipm ent-------------- 1 10 50 6 560 9,760Ordnance and a c ce sso r ie s ----------------------------------------- - - - - - -E lectrical machinery, equipment, and supplies-------- 1 130 9,020 2 220 3, 240Machinery, except e le ctr ica l------------------------------------- 1 120 360 7 2, 370 118,000Transportation equipm ent----------------------------------------- - - - 2 7,430 45,700Lumber and wood products, except furniture----------- 1 70 2,800 2 290 12,300Furniture and fixtures ______________________________ 1 n o 3,020 - - -Stone, clay, and glass products______ - --------- 4 990 17,100 - - -Textile m ill p rod u cts________________________________ - - - - - -Apparel and other finished products made from

fabrics and similar materials — — - - - - - -Leather and leather products------------- - . . . . . . - - - - - -Food and kindred products _. ___ ______ __ 2 190 430 9 3, 550 14,400Tobacco manufactures ---------------------------------------------- - - - - - -Paper and allied products------------------------------------------- 1 190 940 2 580 27,700Printing, publishing, and allied industries__________ - - - 1 500 7, 600Chemicals and allied p rod u cts ---------------------------------- 3 1, 420 72,700 - - -Petroleum refining and related industries---------------- - - - 1 90 1,710Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products------------- - - 1 1,700 10,200Professional, scientific, and controlling

instruments; photographic and optical goods;watches and c lo ck s__________________________ — ------- - - -

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries------------------- - 1 70 130

N onmanufacturing------------ ------------------------------- 64 8,830 87,800 18 880 21,000

Agriculture, forestry, and f ish e r ie s ------------------------- 1 140 4, 660 _ _ _M ining___ . . . — ----- --- . . . . . — 30 4, 580 18,600 - - -Contract construction _ ---- _ — ---- . . . 21 3,570 47, 100 8 650 11, 100Transportation, communication, electric, gas,

and sanitary services 7 450 14, 300 3 100 4, 360Wholesale and retail trade _ __ 4 90 2,610 6 130 5, 450Finance, insurance, and real estate - - - - ■ -Services______________________________________________ 1 20 500 1 10 20Government___________________ — ------------------------------ " " ■ ■

1 No work stoppages were recorded during 1961 for the industry groups for which no data are presented.2 Idleness in 1961 resulting from stoppages that began in I960. In some cases, the man-days of idleness may refer to m ore stoppages

than are shown for the State and industry group since the man-days figures refer to all strikes in effect, whereas the number of stoppages and workers refers only to stoppages beginning in the year.

3 Part of interstate strike; fewer than 6 workers involved in this State.

NOTE: Stoppages extending into 2 or m ore industry groups have been counted in each industry group affected; workers involved and man- day a idle were allocated among the respective groups. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.


39

Table A -4. W ork Stoppages by Industry G roup and Contract Status, 1961

S.I.C.code

(groupor


TotalNegotiation of first

agreement or union recognition

Renegotiation of agreement (expiration or reopening)



idle,1961(all

stoppages)


idle,




'Sifstoppages)

Total 1 3. 367 1.450.000 16. 300.000 513 36.300 979.000 1 1.517 1.020.000 13. 200.000

Mfg. 1 1.677 897.000 9.780.000 247 21.000 633.000 1 908 684. 000 7.920.000

19 Ordnance and accessories . . . ----— 6 6,160 51,400 100 4,490 4 5, 560 45, 70020 Food and kindred products 177 80,000 589,000 25 1, 330 40,200 93 57, 300 435, 00021 - - _ _ . _ _ _ _22 Textile m ill products ----— -------— 35 5, 970 39,100 6 200 4, 100 16 3, 580 22, 700

23 Apparel, etc. 2 ----------------- — ------— 112 15,100 146,000 25 880 27,100 36 4, 520 54,40024 Lumber and wood products,

75 12, 500 234, 000 17 830 43, 400 42 7,880 147,00025 Furniture and fixtures —-------------- 70 12, 500 256, 000 6 640 59, 600 45 6, 580 140, 00026 Paper and allied products — -------- 62 15, 300 324, 000 9 1, 380 14, 600 28 5, 100 141,000

27 Printing, publishing, and50 8,850 93, 500 17 250 14, 300 23 6, 270 65, 600

28 Chemicals and alliedproducts — ---------------------- —— ---- 94 14,100 441,000 8 680 24, 200 64 10, 200 339,000

29 Petroleum refining andrelated in d u s tr ie s ---------------- ---- 17 15,000 316,000 2 80 1, 420 11 8,610 299,000

30 Rubber and miscellaneousplastics products 65 22, 600 215, 000 11 710 16, 000 33 14, 200 158,000

31 Leather and leather products ------- 25 18, 200 70, 400 4 290 7,000 12 13, 500 47,80032 Stone, clay, and

130 24, 400 458,000 22 1,830 79,700 69 16,400 359,000

33 Prim ary metal industries — — — 126 74, 400 665,000 12 920 21, 600 58 41,000 492, 00034 Fabricated metal products 3 —----- - 191 96, 600 1, 130,000 24 1, 150 51,000 134 86, 900 1,040,00035 Machinery, except electrical —---- 176 89,100 1, 240,000 24 5,050 94, 800 109 63, 100 1,050,00036 E lectrical machinery, equip

ment, and su p p lie s -------------—— 114 67, 100 716,000 11 1, 100 60, 500 62 55, 400 606, 000

37 Transportation equipm ent------------ 98 297,000 2, 500, 000 11 2, 100 34,800 45 258,000 2,220,00038 19 12, 500 170,000 2 80 880 13 12, 100 166,00039 Miscellaneous manufacturing

56 10, 400 125, 000 10 1,440 33, 400 37 7,980 84, 900

Nonmfg. Nonmanufacturing —--------— 1 1.694 555.000 6.500.000 266 15.300 346. 000 1 613 336.000 5.320.000

A Agriculture, forestry,and f is h e r ie s --------- --------- ---------- 31 10,900 80,600 25 2, 700 50,100 2 7, 840 28, 200

B Mining —----------- --------------—----- ---- 154 37,700 310,000 11 380 14, 500 20 10,400 194,000C Contract construction — -------------— 824 217,000 3, 490, 000 58 5,400 68,800 250 165, 000 3, 190,000E Transportation, communication,

electric, gas, andsanitary services ---- ------------------ 243 211,000 1, 710,000 44 2, 170 63, 400 110 85,500 1, 190,000

F Wholesale and retail308 62, 400 716,000 89 2,080 65,700 171 56,700 617,000

G Finance, insurance, andreal estate -------------------------- ------- 4 230 3,000 1 70 1,600 3 160 1,400

H Services -------- 103 9,070 173,000 36 2, 500 81,400 51 5, 280 85,700Governm ent--------------— ..............— - 28 6, 610 15, 300 2 30 180 8 4,960 8, 420



40

Table A -4. W ork Stoppages by Industry G roup and Contract Status, 1961;— Continued

S.LC.code

(groupor


During term o f agreem ent (negotiation o f new

agreement not involved)

No contract or other contract s ta tu s No information on contract s ta tu s

Beginning in 1961

Man-daysidle,

Beginninghfl961 Man-days

idle,1961(all

stoppages)


idle,


^allstoppages) Number Workers


1961(all

stoppages)

Total A ll in d u str ie s----- ---- ------------------- 1.084 378.000 1.890.000 57 7. 640 52. 100 196 10.200 122. 000

Mfg. Manufacturing — ---------- ------ 426 184. 000 1. 130.000 16 3. 830 28. 200 80 3. 660 67.200

19 1 510 1, 19020 Food and kindred products — ----— 49 19,100 97,500 2 1,910 3, 740 8 260 12, 40021 - - - - - - - - -22 Textile m ill p r o d u c ts ---------------- — 10 2,090 11,900 1 40 150 2 60 220

23 Apparel, etc. 2 ----- 39 8,960 45, 200 4 270 17,900 8 420 1,74024 Lumber and wood products,

except furniture ------------------------- 10 3, 380 37, 300 1 20 60 5 370 6, 84025 Furniture and fix tu re s ------------— — 17 5, 200 55,900 - - - 2 40 28026 Paper and allied products —-------— 21 8, 620 166,000 - - - 4 180 1,850

27 Printing, publishing, andallied industries —---------------- ------ 7 2, 240 10,300 - - 3 80 3, 320

28 Chemicals and alliedp r o d u c ts ------------------------------------- 9 2, 320 59, 100 13 870 18,600

29 Petroleum refining andrelated industries ---- — 2 6, 220 13, 900 - - - 2 50 2, 300

30 Rubber and miscellaneousplastics products — ---------------- — 17 7, 570 40,500 1 10 10 3 80 510

31 Leather and leather products — ~ 7 3, 640 14, 100 2 780 1,630 - - -32 Stone, clay, and

glass p r o d u c ts ---- ------------------ — 29 5,430 13, 700 1 10 460 9 700 4, 580

33 Prim ary metal industries —-------- 55 32, 400 151,000 _ _ _ 2 40 54034 Fabricated metal products 3 --------- 27 8, 380 28,700 2 30 50 5 80 5, 46035 Machinery, except e le c t r ic a l------- 39 20,700 86, 200 1 80 150 4 120 1, 35036 E lectrical machinery, equip-

ment, and supplies -..................— 40 10,500 45, 400 - 3 100 3, 340

37 Transportation equipment — ----- — 40 35,900 248,000 1 680 4,060 2 110 1, 25038 Instrum ents etc . 4 ---- ------------------ 2 * 250 2, 630 - - - 1 40 68039 Miscellaneous manufacturing

industries —— — ------------------------- 5 900 4, 310 ~ 4 80 1,840

Nonmfg. Nonmanufacturing--------------- 658 194.000 758.000 41 3.820 23. 900 116 6. 570 54. 900

A Agriculture, forestry.and fisheries -------------------------—— 1 240 1,440 2 130 830 1 20 60

B Mining ------------------------------------------- 115 26,500 86, 500 2 60 4, 380 6 350 10,000C Contract construction —---------- ---- 427 40,100 189,000 15 1,870 11, 400 74 4, 620 29,100E Transportation, communication,

electric, gas, andsanitary services — ----------- — — 76 123,000 451,000 - - - 13 290 7,720

F Wholesale and retailtrade ---------- -------- 29 3,040 28, 200 5 230 1, 190 15 370 3, 480

G Finance, insurance, andreal estate — --------- ---------------- — - _ - . _ - - _ _

H S e r v ic e s -------------— -------— — -------- 8 380 2, 140 2 30 30 6 880 3,930I Government ----------— —----------------- 2 70 80 15 1,490 6, 100 60 550

1 Stoppages extending into 2 or m ore industries or industry groups have been counted in each industry or group affected; workers involved and man-days idle were allocated to the respective groups.

2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.3 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.4 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks.

NOTE: Because of rounding, stuns of individual items may not equal totals.


Appendix B: Data on Strike Issues

To make its strike statistics m ore meaningful in term s of current labor-m anagem ent p rob lem s, the Bureau of Labor Statistics rev ised its c la ss ifica tion of strike issues in 1961, resulting in the detailed data presented fo r the firs t tim e in table 5. This change resulted in the loss of continuity with data for previous years. F or those in terested in long term trends in strike issu es , the listing presented on the follow ing page provides a method of allocating 1961 data among the m ajor issue groups used in previous years.

41


42

M a jor is su e s as id en tified in 1961 re p o r t M a jo r is su e grou p s as id en tified in p r io r r e p o r ts

G en era l w age ch an ge : NG en era l w age in c r e a s eG en era l w age in c r e a s e , p lus supplem entary-

ben e fitsG en era l w age in c r e a s e , hou r d e cr e a s e G en era l w age d e c r e a s e G en era l w age in c r e a s e and esca la t io n W ages and w ork in g con d ition s

Supp lem en tary b e n e f i t s :P e n s io n s , in su ra n ce , o th er w e lfa re p ro g r a m s S ev era n ce o r d is m is s a l pay P re m iu m pay O ther

W age ad ju stm en ts:Incentive pay ra tes o r a d m in istra tion Job c la s s if ic a t io n o r ra tes D ow ngrading R e troa ctiv ity M ethod o f com puting pay

H ou rs o f w o r k :D e c r e a se J

Union org a n iza tion and se cu r ity : ’R ecog n ition (ce r t if ic a t io n )R ecog n ition and jo b se c u r ity is su e s R ecog n ition and e c o n o m ic is su e s Strengthening ba rg a in in g p o s it io n , o r union shop

and e co n o m ic is s u e s Union s e cu r ityR e fu sa l to sign a g reem en t ,O ther union o rg a n iza tion m a tters J

W ages, h o u rs , and su pp lem en ta ry b e n e fits .

U nion org a n iza tion , w a g e s , h o u rs , and su p p lem en ta ry b en e fits .

Job se cu r ity :S en ior ity a n d /o r la y o ff Subcon tractingNew m a ch in ery o r o th er te ch n o lo g ica l is su e s Job t ra n s fe r s , bum ping, e tc .T ra n s fe r o f op era tion s o r p re fa b r ic a te d g ood s O ther

P lant a d m in istra tion :P h y s ic a l fa c i l i t ie s , su rrou n d in g s, e tc .Safety m e a s u r e s , d an gerou s equ ipm ent, e tc .S u p erv is ionShift w orkW ork ass ign m en tsSpeedup (w ork load )W ork ru les O v ertim e w orkInsubord ination , d is ch a r g e , d is c ip lin e O ther

O ther w ork in g con d ition s :A rb itra tion G r iev a n ce p ro c e d u r e s U n sp ecified co n tra ct v io la tion s

O ther con tra ctu a l m a tte r s :D uration o f con tra ct U n sp ecified

►____________ O ther w ork in g con d ition s .

JInterunion o r in traun ion m a tte rs :

U nion r iv a lry 1J u ris d ic tio n *— rep resen ta tion o f w o r k e r sJ u ris d ic tio n a l— w o rk a ss ign m en tUnion ad m in istra tion 1 2 3Sym pathyO ther

\

f____________ Interunion o r intraun ion m a tte rs .

J

1 Includes d ispu tes betw een unions o f d iffe re n t a ffilia t ion , such as th ose betw een unions a ffilia ted w ith the A F L.-C IO and n on a ffilia tes .

2 Includes d ispu tes betw een un ions, u su ally o f the sam e a ffilia t ion o r two lo c a ls o f the sam e union, o v e r rep resen ta tion o f w o r k e r s .

3 Includes d ispu tes w ithin a union o v e r the ad m in istra tion o f union a ffa ir s o r reg u la tion s .


Appendix C: The Maritime Industry Strike, Atlantic, Pacific, and G ulf Coasts, 1961

The em ergency prov isions o f the Taft-H artley A ct w ere invoked once in 1961 to end the strike o f m aritim e unions against shipow ners and operators on the A tlantic, P a c ific , and Gulf coasts. The highlights o f this stoppage and governm ent involvem ent are outlined below in chronologica l order.

June 16

Work stoppage o f m aritim e w orkers began in A tlantic, P a c ific , and Gulf ports after the m aritim e u n ions1 and the shipowners and operators fa iled to agree on the unions' demand that their contracts be extended to cover w orkers on ships owned and operated by United States interests but flying foreign flags. Other demands varied among the unions and r e lated to inequities between licen sed and unlicensed personnel with regard to vacations, travel, and lodging allow ances, and w ork ru les.

June 17

S ecretary o f Labor Arthur J. G oldberg, who upon request o f the President had been directing m ediation e fforts in New York since June 15, asked all parties in the dispute to resum e d irect negotiations. Series o f joint m eetings conducted by the F ederal M ediation and C onciliation S erv ice ended with no p rog ress reported.

June 23

Secretary Goldberg recom m ended to* all parties that they submit their unresolved issues to an im partial public group fo r a period o f 60 days fo r study and recom m endation and subsequent negotiations and that m eanwhile they resum e operations. Ship operators agreed to this proposa l; the unions re jected it.

June 24

President Kennedy ordered an investigation into the im pact o f the strike on the Nation's health, econom y, and safety, preparatory to his decision on whether to invoke the em ergency prov isions of the Taft-H artley A ct. The S ecretary o f Labor ascertained that the stoppage o f shipping was affecting a substantial portion o f trade, com m erce , and transportation, and that it would im peril the national health and safety if the stoppage w ere p e r m itted to continue.

June 26

B oard o f Inquiry appointed by the P resident. M em bers; David L. Cole o f P aterson , N. J. , law yer and form er d irector of the F edera l M ediation and C onciliation S erv ice , C hairman; Samuel I. Rosenm an, law yer of New York City and form er New York State Supreme Court Justice; and Jam es J. Healy, P ro fe sso r o f Industrial R elations, Graduate School of Business A dm inistration, H arvard U niversity. In addition to the duties o f the B oard as r e quired by the statute, the P resident requested that the B oard d irect its im m ediate attention to achieving a settlem ent. He instructed the B oard to report to him on o r b e fore June 30.

1 National M aritim e Union o f A m erica , S ea fa rers ' International Union o f North A m erica , National Marine E ngineers ' B eneficia l A ssociation , International Organization o f M asters, Mates and P ilo ts , A m erican Radio A ssociation , Radio O fficers Union, and the Staff O fficers A ssocia tion o f A m erica .

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June 27

The B oard met in New York in public session b rie fly , then m et privately with shipowners and union representatives to determ ine whether the B oard could arrange prom pt r e sumption of the deadlocked negotiations. The Marine E ngineers 1 B eneficia l A ssocia tion and the International Organization o f M asters, Mates and P ilo ts , through their attorneys, told the B oard that their m em bers w ere excluded from the p rov ision s of the Taft-H artley A ct, because of their su perv isory status.

June 28

M eetings continued, including both form al hearings and in form al inquiries into the facts and issues under B oard o f Inqu iry-F ederal M ediation and C onciliation S erv ice auspices. These m eetings at tim es included both em ployers and unions; at other tim es they w ere held separately with different union and management groups.

June 29

P resident Kennedy postponed until 9 a. m. , July 3, the deadline fo r the B oard to report the facts of the dispute to him.

J^y- 1At a joint con ference attended by the D irector o f the F ederal M ediation and Con

ciliation S erv ice and a m em ber o f the B oard of Inquiry, the M arine Engineers* B eneficia l A ssocia tion reached agreem ent with the P a cific M aritim e A ssocia tion which laid the groundw ork fo r m ovem ent of 150 ships.

July 2

The B oard submitted two reports to the President. The main report outlined the disputes and indicated that, although there had been agreem ent between som e o f the p arties , fu ll a cco rd had ̂ not been reached and the strike was continuing. The supplem ental report outlined the m ediation w ork the B oard had undertaken at the P re s id e n ts request and reported their findings on the proposals m ade for m inim izing the e ffect of the strike on national health and safety.

A greem ents w ere signed by a group o f Gulf Coast shipowners with two unions—M asters, Mates and P ilots and the A m erican Radio A ssociation .

July 3

The President d irected the Attorney General to petition the U. S. D istrict Court fo r the Southern D istrict o f New York fo r an injunction. Judge Sylvester J. Ryan issued a tem p orary 5-day restraining ord er. A ttorneys fo r the National M arine E ngineers ' B eneficia l A ssocia tion , S ea fa rers ' International Union, and the International Organization o f M asters, Mates and P ilots sought a stay o f the restraining ord er until a hearing o f the appeal which had been filed by these defendants from that ord er. Judge Clark o f the U. S. C ircu it Court o f Appeals denied the stay.

July 6

A greem ent reached between National M aritim e Union and the A m erican M erchant M arine Institute after a ser ies o f con ferences held under jo in t auspices B oard o f Inquiry and F ederal M ediation and C onciliation Service .

Sailings o f A m erican ships in ports on three coasts w ere nearly norm al. M ore than half o f the 950-sh ip United States fla g -flee t w ere able to sail under agreem ents reached with unions or under contracts with other unions not involved in the strike.


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July 7

Hearing was held on the G overnm ent's m otion fo r a prelim inary injunction and the tem porary restraining ord er was extended until July 12.

July 10

Judge Ryan extended the tem porary restraining order to an 80-day injunction under the em ergency prov isions of the Taft-H artley A ct preventing any renewal o f the walkout until Septem ber 21. He d irected the unions and the six company groups to continue co llective bargaining in an effort to settle their d ifferen ces b e fore expiration o f the injunction. Judge Ryan d ism issed the argument o ffered by the M asters, Mates and P ilots and the M arine E ngineers' B eneficia l A ssocia tion that they w ere beyond the purview o f the A ct because their m em bers w ere su perv isory personnel rather than em ployees.

A greem ent was reached between the A m erican Radio A ssociation and East C oast d ry - cargo com panies after many m eetings between the parties, participated in by m em bers of the Board o f Inquiry and the F ederal M ediation and C onciliation S erv ice .

August 17

The U. S. Court o f Appeals held hearings on the union petition to d ism iss the injunction.

August 22

The President reconvened the B oard o f Inquiry and m eetings w ere held in New York. Working with the B oard, F ederal m ediators resum ed m eetings with m aritim e groups in an effort to bring about an agreem ent. The U. S. Court o f Appeals upheld a U. S. D istrict court injuction of July 10 against renewal of the m aritim e strike b e fore Septem ber 21.

August 24

The threat o f a renewal o f the strike virtually disappeared as the M arine E ngineers ' B eneficia l A ssociation announced agreem ents com pleted with Atlantic and Gulf dry -cargo and tanker com panies.

August 25

Tanker com panies reached agreem ent with the International Organization o f M asters, Mates and P ilots on the East Coast.

The National Labor Relations B oard m ailed la s t -o ffe r ballots to m em bers o f m a r itim e unions. B allots w ere m ailed in advance to ports where the union m em b ers ' ships w ere scheduled to put in.

Septem ber 1

Final report o f the B oard o f Inquiry submitted to the President. The B oard r e ported that the follow ing disputes rem ained in p ro g re ss : The A lcoa Steamship Co. and theS ea fa rers ’ International Union; the P a c ific M aritim e A ssocia tion and the International O rganization o f M asters, Mates and P ilo ts ; the P a cific M aritim e A ssociation and the A m erican Radio A ssociation . The report included the last o ffer made by the com panies to the unions that had not agreed on a contract.

Septem ber 7

M asters, Mates and P ilots indicated rejection o f the NLRB balloting due to e lig ib ility o f voters being lim ited to those em ployed— approxim ately one-th ird o f the m em bership . A m erican Radio A ssocia tion refused to negotiate with P a cific M aritim e A ssocia tion pending outcom e o f dispute with the M asters, Mates and P ilots.


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Septem ber 9

O fficers of West Coast ships w ere voting in various w orld ports on contract o ffe rs subm itted by the P a cific M aritim e A ssocia tion to the International Organization o f M asters, Mates and P ilots and the A m erican Radio A ssocia tion and by the A lcoa Steamship Co. to the S ea fa rers ' International Union.

Septem ber 16

B oard m em ber Jam es J. Healy, was retained as a specia l m ediator to try to settle the P a c ific Coast m aritim e disputes p r io r to expiration o f the injunction.

A m erican Radio A ssocia tion reached agreem ent with P a c ific Coast shipow ners during con feren ces held under joint auspices o f F ederal M ediation and C onciliation S erv ice and the B oard o f Inquiry. The contract was prom ptly ratified by the m em bership .

Septem ber 18

S ecretary Goldberg announced the appointment of a com m ittee to study the foreign flag issue and make recom m endations. M em bers: Under S ecretary of L abor, W. W illardW irtz, chairm an; Edward Gudeman, Under S ecretary o f C om m erce; and Donald B. Straus, New Y ork, labor arbitrator.

Septem ber 20

M asters, Mates and P ilots re jected the "final o ffe r " o f P a c ific M aritim e A ssocia tion . National Labor Relations B oard suspended tabulation o f the voting because o f apparent e r ro r in last o ffer submitted to M asters, Mates and P ilots em ployed m em bers.

Septem ber 21

The 80-day injunction expired . A lcoa Steamship Co. and the S ea fa rers ' International Union concluded a 1 -year agreem ent a few hours b e fore the expiration. F ederal m ediators continued to take part in negotiations in the P a c ific Coast dispute involving the M asters, Mates and P ilo ts . 2

Septem ber 25

The injunction was d isso lved by F ederal Judge S ylvester J. Ryan on m otion by the Governm ent, e ffective Septem ber 21.

January 25, 1962

The P resident submitted to C ongress a report on the dispute. He concluded with the inform ation that the injunction had been lifted , e ffective Septem ber 21, and that settle ments w ere reached by all parties to the dispute.

2 Strike involving this union and the m em ber com panies of the P a c ific M aritim e A s s o ciation began at P a cific Coast ports Septem ber 28. This dispute was the only part o f the national m aritim e strike which was not settled be fore the expiration o f the injunction. By O ctober 4, 28 ships w ere tied up. On O ctober 5, the S ecretary o f Labor appointed a B oard o f Inquiry, com posed of W. W illard W irtz, Under S ecretary o f L abor; W illiam E. Simkin, D irector , F ederal M ediation and Conciliation S erv ice ; and Jam es J. H ealy, m em ber of the P resid en t's B oard o f Inquiry. Settlement was reached O ctober 11, and the union voted to ratify the contract and return to w ork. Negotiations w ere to continue on som e issu es.


Appendix D: Scope, Methods, and Definitions

W ork Stoppage Statistics

The Bureau’ s statistics include a ll w ork stoppages occu rrin g in the United States involving as many as six w orkers and lasting the equivalent o f a fu ll day o r shift o r longer.

Definitions

Strike o r Lockout. A strike is defined as a tem porary stoppage o f w ork by a group o f em ployees (not n ecessa rily m em bers o f a union) to express a grievance o r en force a d e mand. A lockout is a tem porary withholding o f w ork from a group o f em ployees by an em p loyer (or group o f em ployers) in ord er to induce the em ployees to accept the em ployer ’ s term s. B ecause o f the com plexities involved in m ost labor-m anagem ent disputes, the Bureau m akes no effort to determ ine whether the stoppages are initiated by the w orkers o r the em p loy ers . The term s ’ 's tr ik e11 and, "w ork stoppage" are used interchangeably in this report.

W orkers and Id leness. F igures on "w ork ers involved" and "m an-days id le" include a ll w orkers m ade id le fo r one shift o r longer in establishm ents d irectly involved in a stoppage. They do not m easure secondary id leness——that is , the effects o f a stoppage on other establishm ents o r industries w hose em ployees ipaay be m ade id le as a result of m ateria l o r se rv ice shortages.

The total num ber o f w orkers involved in strikes in a given year includes w orkers counted m ore than once if they w ere involved in m ore than one stoppage during that year. (Thus, in 1949, 365,000 to 400,000 coa l m iners struck on 3 d ifferent occa sion s ; they a c counted fo r 1 .15 m illion o f the yea r ’ s total o f 3 .03 m illion w o rk e rs .)

In som e prolonged stoppages, it is n ecessa ry to estim ate in part the total m an-days o f id leness i f the exact num ber o f w orkers idle each day is not known. Significant changes in the number o f w orkers idle are secured from the parties fo r use in computing m an-days o f id leness.

Idleness as P ercent o f Total W orking T im e. In computing the num ber o f w orkers involved in strikes as a percent of total em ploym ent and id leness as a percent o f total w ork ing tim e, the follow ing figures fo r total em ploym ent have been used:

F rom 1927 to 1950, a ll em ployees w ere counted, except those in o c cu pations and p ro fess ion s in which little , if any, union organization existed o r in which stoppages rarely , if ever, occu rred . In m ost industries, a ll wage and salary w orkers w ere included except those in executive, m anagerial, o r high superv isory positions, or those perform ing p ro fess ion a l w ork the nature o f which made union organization o r group action unlikely. The figure excluded a ll s e lf - em ployed person s; dom estic w ork ers; w orkers on farm s em ploying few er than six person s; a ll F edera l and State Governm ent em ployees; and o ffic ia ls , both elected and appointed, in lo ca l governm ents.

Beginning in 1951, the Bureau’ s estim ates o f total em ploym ent in nonagricu ltural establishm ents, exclusive o f governm ent, have been used. Idleness com puted on the basis o f nonagricultural em ploym ent (exclusive o f governm ent) usually d iffers by le ss than one-tenth o f a percentage point from that obtained by the form er m ethod, while the percentage o f w orkers id le (com pared with total em ploym ent) d iffers by about 0. 5 o f a point. F or exam ple, the percentage o f w orkers idle during 1950 computed on the same base as the figures fo r ea rlier years was 6. 9, and the percent o f id leness was 0. 44, com pared with 6. 3 and 0. 40, respective ly , computed on the new base.

"E stim ated working tim e" is com puted by m ultiplying the average num ber o f w orkers em ployed during the year by the num ber o f days typ ically w orked by m ost em ployees. In the com putations, Saturdays (when custom arily not w orked), Sundays, and established holidays as provided in m ost union contracts are excluded.

1 M ore detailed inform ation is available in Techniques o f Preparing M ajor BLS Statist ica l Series (BLS Bulletin 1168, D ecem ber 1954), pi 106.

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Duration. Although only workdays are used in computing m an-days o f total id leness, duration is expressed in term s of calendar days, including nonworkdays.

State Data. Stoppages occu rrin g in m ore than one State are listed separately in each State affected . The w orkers and m an-days o f id leness are allocated among each o f the affected States. 2 The procedu res outlined on the preceding page have a lso been used in p r e paring estim ates o f id leness by State.

M etropolitan A rea Data. Inform ation is tabulated separately fo r the areas that cu r rently com p rise the list o f standard m etropolitan areas issued by the Bureau of the Budget in addition to a few com m unities h istorica lly included in the strike ser ies b e fore the standard m etropolitan area list was com piled . The areas to which the strike statistics apply are those established by the Bureau o f the Budget. Inform ation is published only fo r those areas in which at least five stoppages w ere recorded during the year.

Some m etropolitan areas include counties in m ore than one State, and, hence, statis tics fo r an area m ay occasion a lly equal or exceed the total fo r the State in which the m ajor city is located.

Unions Involved. Inform ation includes the union(s) d irectly participating in the d is pute, although the count o f w orkers includes a ll who are made idle fo r one shift o r longer in establishm ents d irectly involved in the dispute, including m em bers o f other unions and nonunion w orkers.

Source o f Inform ationO ccu rren ce o f S trikes. Inform ation as to actual o r probable existence o f w ork stop

pages is co llected from a num ber o f sou rces. Clippings on labor disputes are obtained from a com prehensive coverage o f daily and weekly newspapers throughout the country. In form ation is rece ived regu larly from the F edera l M ediation and Conciliation S erv ice . Other sou rces o f inform ation include State boards o f m ediation and arbitration; resea rch d ivisions o f State labor departm ents; loca l o ffices o f State em ploym ent security agencies, channeled through the Bureau of Em ploym ent Security o f the U. S. Departm ent o f L abor; and trade and union jou rn a ls. Some em ployer associa tion s, com panies, and unions a lso furnish the Bureau with w ork stoppage inform ation on a voluntary cooperative basis either as stoppages o ccu r or period ica lly .

Respondents to Q uestionnaire. A questionnaire is m ailed to the parties reported as involved in w ork stoppages to obtain inform ation on the num ber o f w orkers involved, duration, m a jor issu es , location , method o f settlem ent, and other pertinent inform ation.

Lim itations o f Data. Although the Bureau seeks to obtain com plete coverage , i. e . , a "cen su s" o f a ll strikes involving six or m ore w orkers and lasting a fu ll shift or m ore , inform ation is undoubtedly m issing on som e o f the sm aller strikes. P resum ably, a llow ance fo r these m issing strikes would not substantially a ffect the figures fo r num ber o f w ork ers and m an-days o f id leness.

In its efforts to im prove the com pleteness o f the count o f stoppages, the Bureau has sought to develop new sou rces o f inform ation as to the probable existence o f such stop pages. Over the yea rs , these sou rces have probably in creased the number o f strikes r e corded , but have had little e ffect on the num ber o f w orkers o r total id leness.

Beginning in m id-1950, a new sou rce o f strike "lea d s" was added through a coop erative arrangem ent with the Bureau of Em ploym ent Security of the U. S. Departm ent o f Labor by which lo ca l o ffice s o f State em ploym ent security agencies supply monthly reports on work stoppages com ing to their attention. It is estim ated that this in creased the num ber o f strikes reported in 1950 by about 5 percent, and in 1951 and 1952, by approxim ately 10 percent. Since m ost o f these stoppages w ere sm all, they increased the num ber o f w ork ers involved and m an-days o f idleness by le ss than 2 percent in 1950 and by le ss than 3 p e r cent in 1951 and 1952. Tests o f the e ffect o f this added sou rce o f inform ation have not been made since 1952

A s new lo ca l agencies having knowledge of the existence of w ork stoppages are e s tablished o r changes are m ade in their co llection m ethods, every e ffort is m ade to establish cooperative arrangem ents with them.

2 The sam e p rocedu re is follow ed in allocating data on stoppages occu rrin g in m ore than one industry, industry group, o r m etropolitan area.

# U. S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1 9 6 2 O — 6 6 3 1 9 9


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