bls_1018_1951.pdf

Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1,1950

Bulletin No. 1018

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS E van Clague, Commitsioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1,1950

Bulletin No. 1018

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office. Washington 25, D. C. Price 20 cents


Letter of Transmittal

United States D epartment of Labor,Bureau of Labor Statistics,

W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . , M a y 22, 1951.

T h e Secretary of Labor:

I h a v e th e h o n o r to t r a n s m it h e re w ith a r e p o r t o n th e a n n u a l s tu d y o f u n io n sca les of w ag es a n d h o u rs in e ffec t o n J u ly 1, 1950, fo r th e p r in t in g in d u s t r y in 77 c itie s.

T h is r e p o r t w as p re p a re d in th e B u r e a u s D iv is io n o f W a g e S ta t is t ic s b y J o h n F . L a c isk e y .

Ewan Clague, C o m m i s s i o n e r .H o n . M aurice J . T obin,

S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r .

ContentsPage

Summary_____________________________________________________________________ 1Scope and method of study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1Trend of union wage scales_____________________________________________________ 2R ate variations by type of work------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2Regional variations------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8Standard workweek------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9Union scales by city and trade_______________________________ _________________ 13

T able 1. Indexes of union hourly wage scales in the printing trades, 1907-50_ 22. Indexes of union hourly wage scales in each printing trade, 1907-50_ 33. Percent increases in union wage rates and percent of union printing trades

workers affected, July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950________________________ 54. Cents-per-hour increases in union wage rates and percent of union printing

trades workers affected, July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950_________________ 65. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing industry, July 1, 1950, and

increases in rates July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950, by trad e______________ 66. D istribution of union members in the printing trades, by hourly wage rates

and by trade, July 1, 1950--------------------------------------------------------------- 77. Increases in union wage rates in the printing trades, by city and industry

branch, July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950________________________________ 88. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades, by city and popula

tion group, July 1, 1950___________________________________________ 99. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades, by region and by

trade, July 1, 1950_________________________________________________ 1010. D istribution of union members in the printing trades, by straight-tim e

weekly hours, July 1, 1950_________________________________________ 1111. Indexes of union weekly hours in the printing trades, 1907-50___________ 1112. Indexes of union weekly hours in each printing trade, 1907-50___________ 1213. Union scales of wages and hours in the printing trades in 77 cities, July 1,

1949, and July 1, 1950_____________________________________________ 14

(H)


U n io n W a g e s a n d H o u r s i n t h e P r in t i n g I n d u s t r y , J u l y 1 , 1 9 5 0

Summary

Hourly wage scales of union printing trades workers rose 2.1 percent or 5 cents an hour in the year ending July 1, 1950. On that date union hourly scales averaged $2.27. In book and job shops, union scales advanced 2.3 per cent or 5 cents; and in newspaper plants, 1.6 percent or 4 cents.

Day shift scales for printing trades workers on newspapers averaged $2.44, about 14 percent higher than the $2.14 average for those in book and job (commercial) shops. Part of this difference is attributable to the inclusion of rates for lesser skilled workersbindery women and press assistants and feedersin the average for book and job shops. Scales for hand and machine compositors on the day shift in newspaper establishments averaged 8 cents an hour above those in commercial shops. Photoengravers in book and job shops, however, had scales 4 cents an hour higher than those in newspaper establishments.

Over 60 percent of the 127,000 unionized printing trades workers included in the survey received scale increases as the result of contract negotiations effective in the 12 months ending July 1, 1950.

The standard workweek for union workers in the printing trades declined slightly during the year and averaged 37.2 hours on July 1, 1950. In book and job shops, the average straight-time workweek was 37.4 hours compared with 36.8 for day and night shift workers combined in newspapers; day shift workers averaged 37.3 hours a week, 1 hour more than workers on the night shift.

Scope and Method of Study

The information presented in this report is based on union scales in effect on July 1, 1950, and covers127,000 union printing trades workers in 77 cities ranging in population from 40,000 to over1,000,000. Data were obtained partially from local union officials by mail questionnaire. In

some cities, local union officials were visited by Bureau representatives for the desired information. Data were also obtained from central trade associations and union sources and from union publications.

Union scales are defined as the minimum wage rates or maximum schedules of hours agreed upon through collective bargaining between trade- unions and employers or employer groups. Rates in excess of the negotiated minimum which may be paid for special qualifications or other reasons are not included.

Average scales are designed to show current levels and are based on all scales reported in effect

Indexes of Union Wage Scales in Printing Trades

(1)


2in the cities covered on July 1, 1950; individual union scales were weighted by the number of members reported working at that rate. These averages are not strictly comparable with similar averages in previous surveys because of fluctuation in union membership and in classifications studied. Average cents-per-hour and percentage increases from July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950, were based on comparable quotations for the various occupations in both periods weighted by the number of union members reported in 1950.

Trend of Union Wage Scales

The 2.1-percent rise in union scales between July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950, raised the Bureau's index of hourly wage scales for union printing trades 94.9 percent above June 1, 1939 (table 1). Of the total rise, over four-fifths occurred during the last 5 years. Following the cessation of hostilities in 1945 union scales of printing trades workers advanced 70 percent. This was substantially less than the 79-percent increase in a somewhat similar period following World War I (May 15, 1918, to May 15, 1923).

T a b l e 1. Indexes1 of union hourly wage scales in the 'printing trades, 1907-50

[June 1, 1939 100]

YearAll

printing

Bookandjob

Newspaper

YearAll

printing

Bookandjob

Newspaper

1907: May 15 (2) 27.0 35.3 1929: May 15___ 89.9 89.9 90.01908: May 15___ (3) 29.9 37.2 1930: May 15___ 91.3 91.5 90.91909: May 15___ (3)

(3)32.1 38.8 1931: May 15___ 91.8 92.1 91.2

1910: May 15___ 33.8 40.1 1932: May 15___ 91.1 91,2 91.01911: May 15___ 36.0 34.7 40.7 1933: May 15___ 85.7 86.1 85.11912: May 15 36.6 35.3 41.4 1934: May 15 87.5 88.5 86.21913: May 15___ 37.3 36.0 42.3 1935: May 15 90.8 90.4 91.51914: May 15.__ 38.0 36.8 42.7 1936: May 15___ 92.9 93.0 92.81915: May 15___ 38.2 36.9 43.0 1937: May 15-__ 96.0 96.0 96.31916: May 15___ 38.6 37.5 43.2 1938: June 1___ 99.1 99.2 98.81917: May 15___ 39.9 38.8 44.3 1939: June 1___ 100.0 100.0 100.01918: May 15.__ 43.4 43.0 46.4 1940: June 1___ 101.4 100.9 102.21919: May 15___ 53.1 53.0 56.0 1941: June 1___ 102.6 102.0 103.61920: May 15___ 68.1 69.1 68.5 1942: July 1____ 107.0 106.4 108.11921: May 15.__ 74.6 76.1 74.5 1943: July 1____ 110.4 109.3 112.61922: May 15 75.4 76.4 75.2 1944: July 1____ 113.1 112.2 115.11923: May 15___ 77.7 79.4 76.0 1945: July 1____ 114.6 113.7 116.71924: May 15.__ 81.5 82.7 80.6 1946: July 1____ 134.2 133.7 135.51925: May 15.__ 82.7 83.5 82.0 1948: Jan. 2....... 170.2 169.8 171.51926: May 15 84.5 85.4 83.8 1949: July 1____ 190.9 190.5 192.41927: May 15. 1928: May 15___

87.088.6

87.588.7

86.388.5

1950: July 1____ 194.9 194.9 195.5

1 Index series designed for trend purposes; periodical changes in union scales are based on comparable quotations for the various occupations in consecutive periods weighted by number of union members reported at each quotation in the current survey period.

2 Combined data for years 1907-10 not available.

The extent of wage adjustments between July 1, 1945, and July 1, 1950, is reflected by comparing the wage scales effective on the two dates. On July

1,1945, hourly scales of $1.20 to $1.60 were received by about three-fifths of the union printing trades workers compared with less than 6 percent on July 1, 1950, when nearly three-fifths had scales of $2.10 to $2.70 an hour (table 6). On July 1, 1945, only a ninth of the book and job workers and over a third of the newspaper workers had scales exceeding $1.60 an hour. But on July 1, 1950, four- fifths of the printing trades workers in book and job shops and practically all of those on newspapers had negotiated hourly scales of $1.60 or more.

Contract negotiations between July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950, raised the wage scales of three of every five organized printing trades workers (table 3). For three of every four receiving scale increases, the adjustment was less than 5 percent; for one of every five, the advance ranged from 5 to 10 percent. Although individual rate advances in both branches of the industry varied from less than 5 cents an hour to more than 50 cents, most raises were less than 10 cents an hour (table 4). Of those workers benefiting from upward revisions in scales nearly three-fifths had hourly increases of 5 to 10 cents; for about a fourth, the advance amounted to less than 5 cents an hour. The index of wage scales for each printing trade included in the survey advanced from 1 to 3 percent between July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950. Electrotypers, photoengravers, and bindery women registered the greatest gains in book and job shops; the 2.8 percent advance for pressmen-in-charge was highest among the eight newspaper trades in the study (table 5).

Rate Variations by Type of Work

Wage scales in the printing industry are generally distinguished according to type of work performed by the establishmentbook and job (commercial) or newspaper. The composition of the work force differs materially in each branch. In commercial shops, a substantial proportion of the work force is composed of bindery women and press assistants and feeders, who perform less skilled and routine tasks, but on newspapers, the work force consists primarily of skilled journeymen.

On July 1, 1950, union scales of printing trades workers averaged $2.14 an hour in book and job shops compared with $2.54 in newspaper plants. Day-shift workers on newspapers had an average


3wage scale of $2.44 an hour; night-shift scales averaged 20 cents higher. The average day-work scale in newspapers was 14 percent above the level in commercial shops. The number of workers normally employed on night-shift work in book and job establishments was too small to yield significant results; therefore, this group was excluded from the study.

Individual trades in book and job shops averaged from $1.18 for bindery women to $2.79 for photoengravers. Press assistants and feeders also

had an average scale of less than $2 an hour. Electrotypers, with a $2.69 average scale were the only other group to exceed the $2.44 level for day work in newspapers. Photoengravers, also ranked highest in newspapers, averaging $2.84 an hour; mailers registered the lowest average ($2.20) among the eight printing trades studied in this branch of the industry. Hand and machine compositors, important in both commercial and newspaper printing, averaged $2.42 in the former and $2.50 for day-shift work in the latter.

T able 2.Indexes 1 of union hourly wage scales in each printing tradet 1907-50[June 1,1939=100]

BOOK AND JOB

1948: Jan.

Year BinderywomenBook

bindersCompositors, hand

Electrotypers

Machineoperators

Machinetenders(machin

ists)Mailers Photoengravers

Pressassistants

andfeeders

Pressmen,

cylinder

1 * 30.6 32.7 28.5 35.2 25.0 32.533l9 32.8 28.6 36.5 27.7 34.11 * 34.334.7

32.8 28.7 37.9 28.1 37.0IK 34.2 29.9 39.2 28.7 37.216 35.3 35.1 31.6 39.6 29.8 38.0l* 35.5

36.435.9 32.1 40.6 39.7 30.3 38.61 * 36.3 32.7 41.7 40.3 31.0 39.1

1 K 37.0 37.2 34.2 42.1 40.4 31.8 40.01 K 33.7 37.1 37.4 34.9 42.2 40.6 32.0 40.010----------------------15 3A 3 37.1 38.2 35.9 42.3 40.6 33.1 32.5 40.51 / 36.7 39. 4 39.0 37.0 43.3 41.6 36.0 34.2 41.3

41.0 44.3 43.0 38.9 46.8 45.7 38.2 39.9 45.815 53.1 56.5 52.6 44.6 56.4 56.2 44.5 51.5 55.516 73.3 74.3 69.2 63.8 71.8 70.4 61.4 70.7 72.1

15 85.6 81.3 79.4 74.2 81.3 81.4 65.4 76.5 79.615 82.9 78. 0 80.8 75.7 81.4 80.4 66.0 74.0 77.815 86. 6 82.8 82.7 80.4 82.9 82.0 66.7 82.9 83.916 87. 9 86. 5 86.4 83.4 86.4 85.6 71.4 82.1 86.415 88.9 87.5 85.9 83.1 86.4 85.7 73.2 86.7 87.51^ 87.289.2

89.0 87.6 83.9 87.4 88.7 77.9 87.7 89.315 90.9 89.2 84.9 90.8 89.2 81.6 88.8 89.4

1-6 89.7 90.5 90.5 85.6 91.1 89.6 83.9 89.4 90.21-5 90.4 91.5 91.0 87.6 92.6 90.3 85.1 90.2 91.7is 91.1 92.6 93.0 90.1 95.1 92.0 85.3 91.3 93.41 *5 91. 5 93.0 93.5 92.1 95.6 92.9 85.5 92.0 94.015 89.2 89.6 93.3 91.8 95.6 93.5 88.1 88.0 91.616 85.7 86.4 87.6 86.0 89.7 88.0 _________ 86.4 82.0 85.915 90.1 89. 6 88.5 92.0 89.8 90.7 87.7 85.1 88.3

15 90.9 90.8 90.1 93.4 91.3 91.1 93.3 87.0 89.415 92. 6 92.0 92.8 93.8 94.4 93.9 95.6 89.9 93.115 94.0 94.6 96.3 95.0 97.0 96.7 92.8 96.8 94.5 96.41 98.6 98.1 99.5 99.3 99.7 99.6 98.3 99.2 99.4 99.31 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.01 100.5 100.5 101.7 100.2 100.7 101.1 102.7 100.8 100.7 100.6

102.7 102.0 103.2 102.3 101.6 101.9 104.0 101.2 101.7 101.4

1 108.8 107.3 107.0 104.1 106.4 106.6 109.4 103.0 107.8 106.41 112.1 111.3 110.0 107.0 109.5 109.8 111.3 103.5 111.2 109.41 117.7 112.9 113.5 109.4 110.3 112.3 113.7 108.9 113.7 110.91 120.1 113.6 114.8 111.6 111.6 114.0 115.8 111.3 115.2 112.11 146.2 136.0 134.1 127.2 129.9 130.4 140.1 127.0 139.2 131.22 191.5 173.7 172.2 155.1 163.5 166.7 178.9 149.9 182.1 167.61 210. 5 193.7 193.4 178.6 184.0 187.0 206.8 173.2 201.9 186.01____________ 217.2 198.9 196.5 184.5 186.1 188.9 210.0 178.7 207.0 190.2

Pressmen,

platen

32.133.234.334.935.636.136.8

37.437.538.340.244.354.473.7

82.380.583.886.486.890.991.8

90.291.693.193.691.685.387.688.391.996.2 99.1100.0100.6101.6

106.5109.9 111.7113.1133.5175.3195.9201.5

See footnote at end of table.


4N EW SPAPER

T a b le 2. Indexes 1 of union hourly wage scales in each printing trade, 1907-50 Continued[June 1,1939=100]

Year Compositors, handMachineoperators

Machinetenders

(machinists)

Mailers Photoengravers

Journeymen

feb pressmer

Men-in-charge

L

Journeymen and men-in- charge

combined

Stereotypers

1907: May 15 _________________________ 35.5 36.2 34.1 37.91908: May 15___________________________ 37.4 37.8 36.2 39.91909: May 15___________________________ 39.4 39.0 37.8 41.21910: May 15___________________________ 41.1 40.2 39.0 42.21911: May 15________________ __________ 41.9 40.5 39! 3 42.51912: May 15___________________________ 42.8 41.3 45.0 39.8 43.11913: May 15___________________________ 43.5 42.0 45.3 40.7 45! 71914: May 15___________________________ 44.0 42.4 45.6 41.0 46.11915: May 15___________________________ 44.2 42.8 45.9 41.2 46.21916: May 15____ ____________________ 44.4 43.0 46.0 36.3 41.5 46.71917: May 15___________________________ 45.5 44.3 46.5 37.9 42.3 47.91918: May 15___________________________ 47.5 45.8 48.8 41.0 45! 6 49.91919: May 15___________________________ 57.1 55.7 61.9 48.3 56.1 56! 11920: May 15___________________________ 69.4 69.1 76.4 55.7 69! 4 68.51921: May 15__________________________ 75.7 73.5 79.7 65.9 74.3 79.81922: May 1 5 _______ 77.4 75.5 80.4 69.0 70.5 78.61923: May 15___________________________ 78.1 76.3 80.6 68.8 71.4 80.21924: May 15___________________________ 82.3 80.9 85.2 71.6 79.4 82. 51925: May 15___________________________ 82.9 82.4 82.9 74.5 83.0 84! 71926: May 15___________________________ 84.8 84.5 82.1 80.1 83.0 85.81927: May 15___________________________ 87.7 86.3 86.8 81.2 87! 3 86.91928: May 15___________________________ 89.3 89.5 88.8 84.5 89.2 86.91929: May 15___________________________ 90.8 90.5 90.7 84.9 89.5 91.01930: May 15___________________________ 91.7 91.2 91.4 86.2 91* 1 9l! 71931: May 15___________________________ 91.7 91.3 91.6 87.1 91.6 92.11932: May 15___________________________ 90.8 90.7 91.0 88.1 92.8 9l! 21933: May 15___________________________ 84.8 84.8 84.6 81.5 86* 8 86.11934: May 15___________________________ 86.1 85.9 85.7 85.3 87.0 87! 41935: May 15___________________________ 91.7 91.6 91.5 89.4 91.8 91.41936: May 15___________________________ 93.3 93.1 93.2 91.6 92! 3 92.81937: May 15___________________________ 97.3 97.1 97.2 96.7 93.3 95.3 95.71938: June 1___________________________ 99.3 99.3 99.5 99.3 98 0 97] 9 99.01939: June 1___________________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100! 01940: June 1___________________________ 102.1 101.9 101.9 103.1 101.1 102.3 102.3 102.4 102.81941: June 1___________________________ 103.4 102.9 103.1 107.2 101.5 103.8 103.5 103.9 104.51942: July 1____________________________ 107.7 107.3 107.9 114.3 103.6 107.8 107.8 107.9 109.51943: July 1____________________________ 112.4 111.5 112.4 120.1 104.9 113.1 112.8 113.2 114.11944: July 1____________________________ 114.5 114.0 114.9 121.9 107.7 116.0 115.5 116.1 117.31945: July 1------------------------------------------ 116.0 115.2 116.3 123.9 110.0 117.9 117.2 117.9 118.21946: July 1___________________________ 132.5 132.4 133.7 150.9 126.2 139.2 137.7 139.2 136.61948: Jan. 2____________________________ 170.3 169.4 170.5 191.9 153.0 173.6 170.4 173.4 171.91949: July 1__________ ________________ 187.5 186.7 188.0 219.0 171.3 199.1 193.4 198.6 197.51950: July 1____________________________ 190.0 188.9 190.0 222.4 174.2 203.4 198.8 203.1 202.1

1 Index series designed for trend purposes; periodical changes in union scales are based on comparable quotations for the various occupations in consecutive penods weighted by number of union members reported at each quotation in the current survey period.


5T a b l e 3 . Percent increases in union wage rates and 'percent of union printing trades workers affected, July 1, 1949 y toJuly 1, 1950

Trade

All printing trades---------------------

Book and job_________ _____Bindery women______________Bookbinders---------------------------Compositors, hand_______ a___Electrotypers-------------------------Machine operators___________

Machine tenders (machinists) .Mailers_______________________Photoengravers----------------------Press assistants and feeders__Pressmen, cylinder___________Pressmen, platen------- ------------

Newspaper_____________________Day work____________________Night work__________________

Compositors, hand:Day work__________________Night work________________

Machine operators:Day work__________________Night work________________

Machine tenders (machinists):Day work__________________Night work________________

Mailers:Day work__________________Night work-------------------------

Photoengravers:Day work__________________Night work________________

Pressmen (journeymen):Day work__________________Night work________________

Pressm en-in-charge:Day work__________________Night work________________

Stereotypers:Day work__________________Night work________________

Percent affected by Percent of union printing trades workers receiving increases of

No change Increase Decrease Under 5 percent5 and under 10 percent

10 and under

15 percent

15 and under 20 percent

20 and under

25 percent25 percent and over

38.1 61.6 0.3 47.7 12.1 1.1 0.4 0.3 (930.2 69.7 .1 55.0 13.3 .6 .4 .4 (919.9 80.1 53.2 24.2 .9 .4 1.3 0.131.4 68.6 57.9 7.7 .5 1.9 .5 .140.8 59.2 54.1 5.1 0)

5.2 94.8 67.4 27.3 . l60.1 39.9 35.6 3. 6 . 761.7 38.3 34.7 3.650.8 49.2 39.2 9.1 .8 .112.0 87.6 .4 60.7 24.7 1.6 .1 .533.7 66.2 . l 49.8 15.9 .4 . l21.3 78. 6 . l 67.2 10.6 .8 0)17. 7 82.3 66.4 14.1 .7 .1 1.053.4 45.8 .8 33.6 9.6 2.0 .3 .3 (948.2 50.1 1.7 34.9 12.0 2.9 .3 (9 (958.4 41.6 (9 32.0 7.4 1.2 .3 .6 .1

44.0 53.1 2.9 43.2 9.9 (955.1 44.9 38.2 6.7

47.7 47. 7 4. 6 39.3 8.3 . i57.2 42.8 38.5 4.3

56.1 43.5 .4 37.3 5.4 .853. 5 46.5 44.3 2.0 .252.9 47.1 25.7 19.2 2.267.1 32.9 18.7 13.5 . 7

62.1 37.9 19.8 12.8 5.1 .259.8 40.2 20.2 19.0 .3 .753.3 46.7 24.5 13.7 8.4 .164.2 35.8 24.0 4.4 4.7 2.6 .1

51.6 48.3 .1 25.7 9.2 12.8 .3 .358.2 41.6 .2 25.9 2.7 8.0 .2 4.6 .234.2 65.8 49.3 13.5 .1 2.942.6 57.4 41.4 11.4 .1 4.5

i Less than 0.05 percent.


6T a b le 4. Cents-per-hour increases in union wage rates and percent of union printing trades workers affected, July 1, 1949,to July 1, 1950

Trade

Percent of workers affected

by wage rate increases

Percent of union printing trades workers receiving increases of

Under 5 cents

5 and under

10 cents10 and under








50 cents50 cents

and over

All printing trades____________________________ 61.6 14.2 36.2 6.8 2.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0)Book and job______ _______________________ 69.7 17.0 42.8 5.9 2.9 . 5 .1 .4 0) .1 (0Bindery'women _ .... 80.1 52.3 25.1 1.3 1.4

Bookbinders 68.6 14.1 45. 8 4.5 1.2 .1 .4 1.9 . 5 61Compositors, hand_____________________ ___ 59.2 1.6 51.6 3.9 2.1E lee.tr ntypers _ _ 94.8 64.1 17.1 13.2 .3 . 1Machine'opera tors _ _ 39.9 3.0 31.8 3.3 1.1 .7Machine tenders (machinists) 38.3 2.8 31.7 3.1 .7Mailers 49.2 28.6 12.3 2. 5 5.0 . 7 ~Photoengravers ..... _ ... . ..... 87.6 58.4 14.8 ll.6 1.0 .4 .9 .2 .3Press assistants and feeders __ _ 66.2 9.3 50.3 5.9 .7 (0Pressmen, cylinder . 78.6 26.9 39.2 8.2 3.5 .8 (0Pressmen, platen _ _ 82.3 18.6 50.4 8.8 3.4 .1 1.0

Newspaper___________________________________ 45.8 8.7 23.5 8.5 2.3 .6 1.4 .1 .3 0) .3 .1Day work ^ _ __ _ ., 50.1 8.7 25.5 9.3 3.3 .8 2.0 .1 .4 (i) (1)Night work___ ________________________ __ 41.6 8.8 21.6 7.7 1.3 .4 .9 0) .3 (0 .5 .1Compositors, hand:

Daywork . _ _ 53.1 9 9 32.2 10.5 .5 0)Night work .. . _..... 44.9 8.0 27.2 9.3 .4Machine operators:

Daywork _ _ . . .... 47.7 9.7 28.6 8.7 .6 .1Night work_________________________ ___ 42.8 9.9 25.8 6.6 .5

Machine tenders (machinists): (Day work . 43.5 13.6 23.7 5.0 .4 .8Night work_______________________________

Mailers:46.5 10.9 32.0 3.1 .3 .2

Day work________________________________ 47.1 8.4 17.3 19.5 .3 1.6 ______ ______ _______ ______ ______ ______Night work_______________________________ 32.9 6.2 12.8 12.5 .3 .6 .5

Photoengravers:Day work 37.9 1.3 18.2 6.0 6.3 1.4 4.5 .2Night work_______________________________ 40.2 5.2 14.9 4.6 10.3 4.2 .3 .7

Pressmen (journeymen) :Day work________________________________ 46.7 6.0 17.8 4.7 9.7 1.9 6.5 . 1Night work 35.8 6.0 16.0 4.3 2.1 .8 3.9 2.7

Pressmen-in-charge:Day work________________________________ 48.3 4.4 19.6 4.6 3.8 3.1 8.0 4.2 .3 ____ ______ .3Night work____________ __________ _____ 41.6 5.8 17.4 4.6 .4 .9 5.8 1.8 ______ .2 ___ ...__ 4.7

Stereotypers:Day work_______________ ___________ 65.8 13.7 35.6 9.7 3.8 .1 ______ ______ 2.9 ______ ____ ____ _Night work. --------------------------- 57.4 20.7 20.7 8.8 2.6 .1 4.5

i Less than 0.05 percent.

T able 5.Average union hourly wage rates in the printing industry, July 1, 1950, and increases in rates July 1, 1949, toJuly 1, 1950, by trade

TradeAverage rate per

hour July 1,1950 i

Amount of increase July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950 2

Percent Cents-per-hour

All printing trades________

Book and job---------Bindery women...Bookbinders_____Compositors, hand.Electrotypers-------Machine operators .

$2.27 2.1 4.6

2.14 2.3 4.91.18 3.2 3.62.07 2.7 5.42.42 1.6 3.92.69 3.3 8.62.42 1.1 2.7

Machine tenders (machinists)---------Mailers------- -----------------------------Photoengravers_________________Press assistants and feeders------------Pressmen, cylinder---------------------Pressmen, platen________________

Newspaper-------- -------------------------Day work_____________________Night work____________________Compositors, hand______________

Day work____________________Night work---- -------- ---------------

2.42 1.0 2.42.07 1.6 3.22.79 3.2 8.61.94 2.5 4.82.40 2.2 5.32.12 2.9 5.9

2.54 1.6 4.12.44 1.9 4.52.64 1.4 3.72.59 1.3 3.42.50 1.5 3.62.67 1.2 3.2

TradeAverage rate per

hour July 1, 1950 1

Amount of increase July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950 a

Percent Cents-per-hour

NewspaperContinued Machine operators________________ $2.60 1.2 3.0

Day work_______________ 2.50 1.2 3.0Night work____________________ 2.68 1.1 2.9

Machine tenders (machinists)_______ 2.64 1.1 2.9Day work_____________________ 2. 56 1.1 2.7Night work____________________ 2.70 1.1 3.0

Mailers_________________________ 2.20 1.6 3.4Day work_____________________ 2.09 2.0 4.0Night work_______ __________ 2.28 1.3 2.9

Photoengravers__________________ 2.84 1.7 4.8Day work_______ _____________ 2. 75 1.8 4.7Night work____________________ 2.95 1.7 4.9

Pressmen (journeymen)___________ 2. 55 2.2 5.4Day work_____________________ 2.42 2.5 5.9Night work____________________ 2.72 1.8 4.8

Pressmen-in-charge________________ 2.74 2.8 7.4Day work_____________________ 2.61 2.9 7.3Night work____________________ 2.92 2.6 7.5

Stereotypers_____________________ 2.52 2.3 5.7Day work_____________________ 2.42 2.4 5.8Night work___________________ * 2.67 2.2 5.7

1 Average rates are based on all rates in effect on July 1, 1950; individual * Based on comparable quotations for 1949 and 1950 weighted by the numberrates are weighted by the number of union members reported at each rate. of union members reported at each quotation in 1950.


93530551-

T a ble 6. Distribution of union members in the printing trades, by hourly wage rates and by tradet July 1, 1950

TradeAveragerateper

hour

Percent of union members whose rate (in cents) per hour was

Under80

80andunder90

90andunder100

100andunder110

110andunder120

120andunder130

130andunder140

140andunder150

150andunder160

160andunder170

170andunder180

180andunder190

190andunder200

200andunder210

210andunder220

220andunder230

230andunder240

240andunder250

250andunder260

260andunder270

270andunder280

280andunder290

290andunder300

300andunder310

310andunder320

320andover

0.2All printing trad as __ $2,2742.137 1.179 2.071 2.423 2.685 2.4222.415 2. 070 2.786 1.935 2.401 2.1192.5412.4382.6402.591 2.497 2.669 2.599 2. 499 2.6822. 637 2.559 2.704 2.201 2.093 2.2832.842 2.747 2.951 2. 5512.415 2.7172.740 2.605 2.915 2.517 2.417 2.666

0.1.1.5

0.1 0.9 2.63.9

22.7.4

3.6 3.0 0.5 1.7 0.4 1.1 1.2 1.8 2.3 6.2 6.7 7.1 9.4 14.2 13.6 8.0 6.3 3.6 1.9 2.9 0.6Book and job _ _ .1

.61.42.76.2

5.430.72.1

4.625.9

.10)

.72.5.4

2.613.3

.1.6

1.11.1

1.6 1.6 2.5 2.8 7.9 8.6 7.9 7.8 13.5 12.3 5.3 2.4 .5 1.8 3.6 .5B indery'women_____________________ i __Bookbinders___________________________ .1

0)3.3.4

1.5.2.3.3.1

5.9

8.1.6

13.24.63.23.76.2

13.2

29.16.9.3

8.19.53.3 1.08.3 5.8

18.63.05.4 .8

15.47.91.65.04.47.5 3.3 8.7

13.222.25.58.0 3.1

2.216.422.211.25.3

20.71.68.89.15.9

12.315.49.3

10.525.1 6.6

51.052.09.6

11.2 .4

7.62.6

16.0 20.7 11.4

2.331.5

.86.43.4 4.0

11.3 .4

35.6 6.7

16.222.3 10.1

3.2 4.59.2

11.617.7

.516.7T 1.9

13.3 10.016.4

.71.97.9 1.7

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Compositors, hand______________________Electrotypers._________________________ 3.3 44.6Machine operators______________________ 0) .6

.75.8

.3

.74.2.1

7.71.7 9.11.52.5 .5

.1Machine tenders (machinists)_____________Mailers_______________________________ 2.3 .7 14.3 3.3

1.3T i

4.5

~~~3

.240.1~~~

Photoengravers________________________ 8.3~5~9~

5.1Press assistants and feeders_______________Pressmen, cylinder______________________ (0 .3 1.1 .6 .60)

(0

2.10).5

3.3 1.9.1

1.4

0).1

12.8.3

1.4.1.1.1

5.6 .3

5.7.4.8.1

15.01.46.7.4.5.3

22.4 10.216.4

3.03.1 3.0

Pressmen, platen________________________ .2

0)

.7

.1

.10)

Newspaper________________________________

0)13.78.8

18.5

9.6.2

18.7

2.21.92.5

1.4.1

2.7

.8 .5Day work_____________________ _________ Night work_____________________________ 0) 1.6 .9Compositors, hand_______________________

Day work_____________________________ (0 .1 1.7.3

4.2.1

6.92.7

12.42.2

18.914.8

25.410.7

16.924.0

13.522.4Night work________________ __________ 20.6 2.2Machine operators________________________

Day work_____________________________ .1 .1 1.2.4

4.8.2

8.02.9

9.52.2

18.312.5

30.68.4

13.224.7

14.221.5Night work____________________________ 23.4 3.8

Machine tenders (machinists)______________Day work_____________________________ 1.8 4.0

1.49.6.9

13.88.9

27.35.8

17.6 33.1

25.925.6Night work------------------------------------------ 22.1 2.2Mailers__________________________________

Day work_____________________________ (0.11.0.2

.3 1.0.3

5.9.7

3.51.8

19.93.2

17.318.1

17.22.9

14.66.8

18.946.5

.411.2Night work------------------------------------------ .1 7.5 0) .6

Photoengravers__________________________Day work______________ _ __________ 1.2 1.9

1.3.6

2.47.01.3

5.21.2

23.44.0

18.810.9

3.432.6

38.52.4Night work------------------------------------ ------ 5.1 20.7 18.1Pressmen (journeymen)___________________

Day work_____________________________ .1.2

.4 .7.2

3.4.8

8.81.6

21.0 L 4

37.36.5

23.717.6

3.310.3

1.329.3Night work------------------------------------------ 25.5 5.1 1.0 .5

Pressmen-in-charge-----------------------------------Day work--------- ----------------------------------- 1.1

.71.3.4

2.9.4

8.11.1

42.11.3

21.09.4

20.110.8

1.615.4

2.49.4Night work____________________________ .2 27.2 20.4 3.3Stereotypers____________________________

Day work____________________________ .2 .8.4

4.21.3

7.53.4

28.98.9

29.917.6

22.711.4

3.314.9

2.112.4

.49.0Night work_____________________ ______ 1.7 18.9 .1

Less than 0.05 percent.


8T a ble 7. Increases in union wage rates in the printing trades, by city and industry branch, July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950

City

All printing trades Book and job

Percent of increase

Centsincrease

Percent of increase

Centsincrease

All cities--------------------- 2.1 4.6 2.3 4.9

Atlanta, Ga__________ 2.8 5.8 3.1 6.0Baltimore, Md_________ 1.5 3.1 .4 .7Birmingham, Ala______ 2.5 5.2 1.6 2.9Boston, Mass__________ .2 . 5 .4 .9Buffalo, N. Y_________ 3.2 6.9 3.1 6.1Butte, Mont__________ 4.1 8.7 5.0 9.2Charleston, S. C______ 3.6 7.1 5.4 10.0Charleston, W. Va_____ 1.5 2.8 0 0Charlotte, N. C________ 3.0 6.3 2.7 5.3Chattanooga, Tenn____ 3.4 7.5 8.4 16.3

Chicago, 111___________ 1.5 3.7 2.0 4.8Cincinnati, Ohio_______ 2.9 6.6 4.8 9.8Cleveland, Ohio_______ 1.0 2.2 1.5 3.2Columbus, Ohio_______ 1.4 3.1 2.4 4.9Dallas, Tex_______ ___ 2.5 5.9 1.2 2.7Dayton, Ohio_________ .5 1.1 .2 .4Denver, Colo__________ 3.2 6.8 2.1 3.9Des Moines, Iowa______ 4.5 8.9 4.9 8.9Detroit, Mich_________ 2.9 7.1 4.0 9.2Duluth, Minn........ .......... 5.2 9.9 4.9 7.8El Paso, Tex__________ 3.7 8.4 4.2 8.7Erie, Pa______________ .3 .8 0 0Grand Rapids, Mich___ 3.4 7.4 3.3 6.7Houston, Tex_________ 1.7 4.0 .6 1.3Indianapolis, Ind......... 3.2 7.0 3.0 6.1Jackson, Miss__________ 8.8 14.0 2.1 3.3Jacksonville, Fla_______ 1.9 4.2 11.6 17.2Kansas City, Mo---------- 4.3 8.8 3.2 6.2Knoxville, Tenn_______ 2.9 6.3 7.6 13.6Little Rock, Ark........ . 4.8 8.9 4.5 7.4

Los Angeles, Calif........... .1 .2 .2 .4Louisville, Ky_________ 2.6 5.1 2.5 4.0Manchester, N. H______ 2.3 4.4 1.4 2.4Memphis, Tenn________ 3.6 7.2 3.6 5.9Miami, Fla____________ 1.7 3.9 0 0Milwaukee, Wis________ 4.2 8.6 4.6 8.9Minneapolis, Minn_____ 4.6 9.7 5.4 10.8

Newspaper

City

All printing trades Book and job Newspaper

ercent of increase

Centsincrease

Percent of increase

Centsincrease

Percent of increase

Centsincrease

Percent of increase

Centsincrease

1.6 4.1 Mobile, Ala__________ 3.8 8.3 7.7 15.0 2.9 6.4"M p w a r lr N J 1.2 2.9 1.1 2. 5 1 4 3.5

2.3 5.3i i C w cU V. . . . . . . . .New Haven, Conn_____ 4! 9 9.5 4.1 7'. 6 6.0 1 2 ! 7

2.5 5.8 New Orleans, La______ 6.7 12.7 7.5 13.7 5.6 11.53.4 7.6 New York, N. Y______ 1.3 2.9 1.8 3.9 0 ) (2)0 03.4 8.2 Norfolk, Va__________ 4.7 10.4 5.3 10.1 4.6 10.4

Oakland, Calif----------- 2.5 6.2 3.4 8.2 1.0 2.53.6 8.5 Oklahoma City, Okla__ 2.0 4.2 4.3 7.4 .6 1.43.1 6.3 Omaha, Nebr_________ 4.7 9.8 4.1 8.1 5.1 11.04.2 8.8 Peoria, 111___________ 3.2 6.8 1.8 3.6 4.3 9.83.2 6.72.5 5.5 Philadelphia, Pa______ 4.9 10.2 3.1 6.2 8.5 18.7

Phoenix, Ariz_________ 3.6 8.1 3.6 7.4 3.7 8.7.4 1.2 Pittsburgh, Pa________ 1.7 3.7 . 4 .9 2.9 6.8

1 .0 2.5 Portland, Maine_______ 6.2 11.3 1.9 2.4 6.6 12.40 ) (2) Portland, Oreg________ 1.9 4.6 4.2 9.4 0 0

0 03.1 7.6 Providence, R. I______ 1.2 2.9 4.6 9.6 0 0

Reading, Pa__________ 4.8 9.7 4.4 8.5 5.0 10.92.3 5.5 Richmond, Va------------ 3.9 7.2 3.5 5.4 4.3 9.33.9 9.4 Rochester, N. Y______ 3.1 6.6 4.4 8.6 .9 2.23.7 8.8 Rock Island (111.) Dis1.1 3.0 trict 3______________ 4.3 8.6 5.5 9.7 3.6 7.75.3 10.9

St. Louis, Mo_________ 1.8 3.8 3.4 6.4 - .7 -1 .73.7 8.3 St. Paul, Minn_______ 4.0 6.9 3.9 6.4 4.5 11.3.5 1.0 Salt Lake City, Utah__ 4.2 9.2 0 ) (2) 5.0 11.3

3.5 7.9 San Antonio, Tex______ 4.6 9.5 5.2 8.9 4.4 9.82.7 6.6 San Francisco, Calif____ 1.7 4.2 1.9 4.4 1.4 3.73.5 8.6

Savannah, Ga________ 3.4 6.9 0 0 3.8 8.012.4 20.0 Scranton, Pa_________ 3.8 6.3 4.1 6.3 2.8 6.5

.4 .9 Seattle, Wash_________ 1.6 4.0 2.6 6.4 .1 .26.1 14.0 South Bend, Ind______ 4.9 9.7 6.7 12.7 1.1 2.42.3 5.2 Spokane, Wash________ 2.2 5.0 3.2 6.2 1.8 4.55.0 10.4

Springfield, Mass______ 4.5 8.1 4.4 7.7 4.8 9.70 0 Syracuse, N. Y_______ 3.7 7.2 5.5 8.6 2.5 5.82.8 6.7 Toledo, Ohio_________ 1.7 3.8 .7 1.4 2.4 6.02.7 5.6 Washington, D. C_____ 2.2 4.5 2.4 4.5 1.8 4.63.6 8.5 Wichita, Kans________ 2.6 5.0 2.9 5.2 2.3 4.92.4 6.2

Worcester, Mass______ 2.7 6.1 5.8 11.9 1.8 4.23.4 8.0 York, Pa____________ 6.1 11.4 8.1 14.6 2.7 5.32.6 6.5 Youngstown, Ohio_____ 1.8 3.3 .8 1.3 3.5 7.6

1 Less than 0.05 percent.2 Less than 1 mill.

Regional Variations

Since scale negotiations in the printing industry are generally conducted locally, wage scales have always varied between cities except where union jurisdiction covers broad geographic areas or several adjacent cities. In addition, area levels are affected by variations in the proportion of workers in each craft as well as the extent to which the industry is covered by union contracts in the individual areas.

When the cities are grouped by population, average hourly scales are typically higher in the larger metropolitan centers than elsewhere. On newspapers, the average hourly scale of each population group ranked in descending order according

Includes Rock Island and Moline, HI., and Davenport, Iowa.

to city-size group. Highest average scales were in the largest size group, and lowest in the smallest. In commercial shops, however, the second largest city size group (500,000 to 1,000,000) had an average hourly scale 3 cents below the next smaller size group. The smallest size group of cities (40,000 to 100,000 population) had a level 2 cents above the next larger size group (table 8).

The ranking of city levels in each size group tended to vary with the branch of the industry. Chicago had the highest average scale level in the1,000,000 and oversize group for book and job shops, but was third in newspapers; New York City ranked first in newspapers and fourth in commercial shops in this size group.

On a regional basis, average union hourly scales


9T able 8. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades, by city and population groupf July 1, 1950

Book and job 1 Newspaper

City and population groupAverage

hourlyrate


hourlyrate


hourlyrate

City and population groupAver

agehourlyrate

Group I (1,000,000 or more): Chieagn, Til $2.473

2.389Group IV (100,000 to 250,000):

Worcester, Mass $2.169 2.113

Group I (1,000,000 or more): New York, N. Y $2.755

Group IV (100,000 to 250,000) : Miami, Fla_____________ $2.601

Detroit, Mich ____ _ Chattanooga, Tenn___ _ _ Detroit, Mich_________ __ 2.669 Spokane, Wash_________Des Moines, Iowa_____ _

2.497Los Angeles, Calif 2.376 fJr?ynd Rapids, Mioh 2.075 A vera ge fo r grou p I - ___ _ 2 .6 4 2

2 .6292.461

A vera ge fo r grou p I . 2 .2 7 6 Dayton, Ohio___ 2.057 Chieago, Til Oklahoma City, Okla ___ 2.429New York, N. Y _ 2.171 Peoria, 111_____ _ 2.039 Los Angeles, Calif____ 2.468 Dayton, Ohio______ 2. 411Philadelphia, Pa_. _ _ _ 2.093 Norfolk, Va______ _ 2. 029 Philadelphia, P a __ __ 2.394 Jacksonville, Fla______ _ 2.397

Group II (500,000 to 1,000,000): San Franpisen, 2.346

Omaha, Nebr. Charlotte, N. C__ __

2.025 2.016 2.015

Group II (500,000 to 1,000,000) : San Franeisen, Calif 2.624

Norfolk, Va____________Peoria, 111_____________Syracuse, N. Y____ ___

2.378 2.372 2.368

Pittsburgh, Pa___ 2.128 Reading, Pa____ 2.008 Washington, D. C___ _ _ 2.622 Worcester, Mass____ 2.368Cleveland, Ohio _ _ _ 2.084 Erie, Pal________ _ 1.999 Cleveland, Ohio___ 2. 591 Salt Lake City, Utah. 2.361Buffalo, N. Y . 2.039 Spokane, Wash 1.966 St. Louis, Mo___ - 2.574 Grand Rapids, Mich_ _ 2.355Milwaukee, Wis_ 2.020 Miami, Fla 1.949 Boston, Mass _ _ _ _ 2.539 Scranton, Pa___ ___ 2.354A vera g e fo r grou p I I __St. Louis, Mo __ _

2. 011 1.934

New Haven, Conn. Des Moines, Iowa___

1.9291.927

A verage fo r aroup I I . . Buffalo, N.'Y__________

2 .5 3 7 2 .501

A vera ge fo r grou p I V _____South Bend, Ind____ _

2 .3 3 3 2. 296

Boston, M ass.__ 1.918 Knoxville, Tenn__ _ 1.912 Milwaukee, Wis_ _ _ 2.464 Knoxville, Tenn____ _ - 2.282Washington, D. C_ 1.878 Salt Lake City, Utah. 1.904 Pittsburgh, Pa_ 2.424 Chattanooga, Tenn__ 2.279Baltimore, Md 1.746 A vera g e fo r grou p I V . 1 .8 8 5 Baltimore, Md__ 2.387 Reading, Pa___________ 2.266

Group III (250,000 to 500,000): Seattle, Wash 2.490

Rock Island (111.) District2_Springfield, Mass_____ __Wichita, Kans_ ___

1.8631.8331.821

Group III (250,000 to 500,000): Seattle, Wash________ 2.734

Omaha, Nebr______ _ _Youngstown, Ohio _ _ Richmond, Va____ __

2.262 2.258 2.248

Oakland, Calif__ __ 2.467 Oklahoma City, Okla. 1. 785 Oakland, Calif_______ __ 2.639 New Haven, Conn ____ 2.237Portland, Oreg- . 2.320 Dnlnt.h, Minn 1.671 St. Paul, Minn _ _ __ 2. 623 Rock Island (111.) District2.

Charlotte, N. C___ _____2.233

Dallas, Tex___ _ __ _ 2.233 Syracuse, N. Y _____ _ 1.662 Minneapolis, Minn__ _ __ 2.589 2.185Houston, Tex_ 2.203 Jacksonville, F la ___ 1.653 Newark, N. J _ __ 2.580 Duluth, Minn______ ____ 2.176Newark, N. J 2.193 Youngstown, Ohio _ 1.612 Portland, Oreg__ _ _ __ 2. 573 Wichita, Kans_____ 2.164Providence, R. I__ 2.190 Scranton, Pa . 1.591 Toledo, Ohio 2.572 Erie, Pa.............. ...... 2.160Cincinnati, Ohio 2.123 Richmond, Va 1.584 Indianapolis, Ind___ _ _ 2.536 Springfield, Mass_____ _ 2.101Columbus, Ohio__ ___Minneapolis, Minn_______Indianapolis, Ind_

2.115 2.087 2.067

Group V (40,000 to 100,000):Phoenix, Ariz 2.165

Cincinnati, Ohio _ ___Dallas, Tex______ ___Houston, Tex.__ ___

2.534 2. 523 2. 518

Group V (40,000 to 100,000): Phoenix, Ariz . _ 2.428

Rochester, N. V 2.065 El Paso, Tex _ _ 2.164 A vera ge fo r grou p I I I . ____ 2 .5 1 3 Butte, Mont___________ 2.424A vera ge fo r grou p I I I 2 .0 3 6 Mobile, Ala. ____ 2.088 Columbus, Ohio___ ____ 2 .485 El Paso, Tex________ 2.351Atlanta, Ga_ ___ ___ 2 .016 Charleston, S. O 1.961 Louisville, Ky___ ____ 2.484 Mobile, Ala_____ _ 2.300Kansas City, Mo___ 1.984 York, Pa_____ __ . 1.949 Providence, R. I_ __ __ 2.484 A vera ge fo r grou p V ____ _ 2 .2 6 6Toledo, Ohio.. __ - __ 1.966 Butte, Mont____ _ _ _ _ 1.918 Denver, Colo_____ _ _ 2.473 Savannah, Ga_____ 2.200New Orleans, La. 1.952 A vera g e fo r grou p V 1 .9 1 0 Kansas City, Mo___ _ __ 2.441 Little Rock, Ark__ _____ 2.179Birmingham, Ala_ 1.885 Charleston, W. Va 1.757 Memphis, Tenn _ _ _ _ _ 2.423 Charleston, W. Va.............. 2.169Denver, Colo 1.877 Manchester, N. H 1.747 Rochester, N. Y__ __ 2.379 Manchester, N. H_ ___ 2.120San Antonio, Tex 1.814 Little Rock, Ark_ _ __ 1.732 San Antonio, Tex._ 2.349 Charleston, S. C__ __ 2.073Memphis, Tenn. _ _ 1.722 Savannah, Oa 1.632 Birmingham, Ala__ 2.347 York, Pa________ 2.032St. Paul, Minn___ __ __ 1.693 Jackson, Miss. _ _ __ 1.608 Atlanta, G a____ 2.341 Portland, Maine__ _ _ _ 2.006Louisville, Ky 1.632 Portland, Maine .. 1.277 New Orleans, La_ 2.153 Jackson, Miss_____ _ 1.875

1 The averages in the book and job tabulation include rates for the semiskilled-bindery women and press assistants and feedersas well as the highly skilled journeymen, composing room and pressroom workers and

were highest on the Pacific coast ($2.46) and lowest in the Border States ($2.05). The Great Lakes region also had scales exceeding the national hourly average. In the newspaper branch of the industry, the Middle Atlantic region with an average hourly scale of $2.60 ranked highest, while the Southeast was lowest with a $2.34 average. The Pacific and Great Lakes regions were the only other regions above the $2.54 national average (table 9).

Standard Workweek

Changes in straight-time weekly hours between July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950, reduced the average straight-time workweek of printing trades workers to 37.2 and lowered the index to 95.2. The stand-

others. The number of semiskilled workers organized in a city may have influence on the average for the city.

2 Includes Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa.

ard workweek was 37.4 hours in commercial shops compared with 36.8 in newspapers; day shift in the latter branch averaged 37.3 hours a week, 1 hour more than the night shift.

Union agreements in effect on July 1, 1950, specified a standard workweek of 36% hours for three-eighths of the workers in unionized book and job shops; of 37% for another three-eighths; and of 40 hours for a fifth. Standard weekly schedules of less than 36% hours were provided for about 1 of every 25 workers in commercial shops. Work schedules of 37% were most common in newspaper establishments. Over half of the printing trades workers were covered by contracts stipulating this schedule, a fifth had a 36% hour workweek, and an eighth had a weekly work schedule of 35 hours (table 10).


10

Shorter work schedules for night workers than for day workers were specified in a number of contracts applying to newspaper plants. Weekly schedules of 37% hours were in effect for three- eighths of the night workers compared with two- thirds of the day workers, 36% for a fourth of the

night workers and for slightly less than a sixth of the day workers and 35 hours for over a sixth of the night workers and a sixteenth of the day workers. A ninth of the night workers were on schedules of less than 35 hours; very few day workers were on this schedule.

T able 9. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades, by region 1 and by trade, Ju ly 1, 1950

Trade U nitedStatesN ew

EnglandM iddle

AtlanticBorderStates

Southeast

GreatLakes

M iddleW est

Southwest

M ountain Pacific

A ll printing trades_______________________________________ $2.27 $2.15 $2.26 $2.05 $2.14 $2.34 $2.12 $2.25 $2.22 $2.46

B ook and job______________________________________________ 2.14 1.92 2.13 1.80 1.93 2.24 1.94 2.04 1.94 iT iiBindery women______________________ _____________ __ 1.18 1.10 1.15 1.02 1.09 1.21 1.19 1.09 1.15 1.46Bookbinders------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.07 2.07 1.90 2.08 2.10 2.29 2.12 2.06 2.10 2.56Compositors, hand_____________________________________ 2.42 2.11 2.37 2.17 2.23 2.51 2.31 2.30 2.24 2.57Electrotypers_________ _______________________________ 2.69 2.31 2 .82 2.21 2.42 2.73 2.35 2.41 2 .32 2.67Machine operators____ ______________ _______________ 2.42 2.11 2.45 2.21 2.24 2.48 2.29 2 .30 2.20 2.58

Machine tenders (m achinists)-------------- ---------------------Mailers___________________________________________________

2.422.07

2.10 2 .46 2.19

2.161.47

2.13 2.02

2.49 2.13

2.23 2.16

2.24 2. 54 2.47 2.68Photoengravers__________________________ ________ 2.79 2.41 2.95 2.47 2.44 2.81 2.44 2.30 2.37

Press assistants and feeders___________ :___________ _ 1.94 1.79 1.94 1.64 1. 47 2.04 1.66 1. 54 1.53 1.97Pressmen, cylinder____________________________________ 2.40 2.11 2.47 2.10 2.13 2.46 2.25 2.07 2.23 2.64Pressmen, platen_______________________________________ 2 .12 1.83 2.17 2.03 2.10 2.09 2.05 1.79 2.01 2.55

N ew spaper_____________________________ ___________________ 2.64 2.47 2.60 2.48 2.34 2.58 2.47 2.42 2.44 2.58D a y w ork----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 .44 2.38 2 .46 2.41 2.29 2.47 2.40 2 .32 2.39 2.51N ig h t w ork------------ ------------------------------------------------- __ 2.64 2.56 2.71 2.56 2.39 2.68 2.55 2.52 2.51 2.65

Compositors, hand____________________________________ 2.59 2.49 2.64 2.58 2.39 2.65 2.52 2.50 2 .52 2.66D a y work_____________ ___________________ __________ 2.60 2.41 2.55 2.51 2 .34 2.54 2.46 2.39 2.47 2.57N igh t w ork_____ _____________________________________ 2.67 2.57 2.71 2.64 2.45 2.73 2.59 2.58 2.57 2.72

Machine operators_____________________________________ 2.60 2.51 2.67 2.56 2.37 2.65 2.54 2.47 2 .62 2.65D a y work-------- -------- ,_____________________ _____ ______ 2.50 2.44 2.55 2.49 2.33 2 .52 2.48 2.38 2.46 2.56N ig h t w ork----------------------------------------------------------------- 2.68 2.58 2.74 2 .62 2.41 2.74 2.62 2.55 2 .56 2.74

M achine tenders (m achinists)------------------------------------ 2.64 2.55 2 .72 2.55 2.37 2.64 2.56 2.50 2.56 2.68D a y work-------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 .56 2.48 2.67 2.49 2 .32 2.53 2.51 2.40 2 .50 2.62N ig h t w ork___________________________________________ 2.70 2.62 2.75 2.61 2 .42 2.74 2.65 2.59 2 .62 2.75

Mailers___________________________________________________ 2 .20 1.95 2 .18 1.93 1. 92 2.30 2.18 1.88 2.05 2.35D a y work________________________ _____________________ 2.09 1.92 2.04 1.84 1. 87 2.20 2.14 1.78 1.96 2.29N igh t w ork_______________________ ________________ 2.28 1.96 2.28 2.03 1.97 2.37 2.23 2 .02 2.16 2.40

Photoengravers_____ ____ ______________________________ 2.84 2.72 2.99 2.74 2.52 2.93 2.68 2.54 2.56 2.74D a y work------------------------------------------------------------- __ 2.75 2.62 2.90 2.66 2.39 2.80 2.64 2.47 2.54 2.67N igh t w ork--------------------------------------------- ---------------- 2.95 2.81 3.11 2.85 2.60 3. 07 2.79 2.67 2.63 2 .82

Pressmen (journeym en)----------------------------------------------D a y w ork--------------------------------------------------------------------

2.55 2.47 2.65 2.41 2.42 2.57 2.44 2.36 2.39 2,542.42 2.30 2.44 2.34 2.35 2.44 2.36 2.28 2.34 2.47

N ig h t w ork_________ _______________________________ 2.72 2.67 2.84 2.48 2.49 2.73 2.57 2.49 2.49 2.64

Pressmen-in-charge__ ___________ ________________ 2.74 2.68 2.85 2.61 2 .62 2.74 2.61 2.53 2.53 2.74D a y work----------------------------------------------------- ---------- 2.61 2.50 2 .66 2.55 2.54 2.62 2.51 2.45 2.47 2.67N ig h t w ork----------------------------------------------------------------- 2 .92 2.89 3.05 2.70 2.69 2.93 2.75 2.66 2.64 2.85

Stereotypers____________________________________________ 2.52 2.56 2.58 2.39 2.39 2.56 2.41 2.37 2.37 2.53D a y work-------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.42 2.43 2.37 2.30 2.35 2.48 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.50N ig h t w ork____ ___________________________________ 2 .67 2.72 2 .84 2.51 2.43 2 .70 2.51 2 .42 2.43 2.58

1 The regions used in this study include: New England.Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic.New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border States.Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia; Southeast.Alabama,, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Great Lakes.Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West.Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Southwest.Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Mountain Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; Pacific.California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.


11

T able 10. Distribution of union members in the printing trades, by straight-time weekly hours, July 1, 1950

Percent of members whose straight-time hours per week were

TradeAverage

hours per week 30

Over30

andunder

3535

Over35

andunder36H

36K

Over36Kand

under3 7 H

3 7 H

Over37^and

under40

40 42 Over 42

All printing trades_________________________ 37.2 0) 2.2 6.4 0.2 32.2 0.6 42.6 1.7 13.9 0.2 (0Book and job __ . . 37.4 0) .1 3.4 38.5 0) 37.5 1.5 19.0 0)Bindery women 37.7 1.1 32.7 41.2 .2 24.8

Bookbinders _ . . ...... _ . 37.4 .7 53.0 23.0 6.0 17.3C om positors, h an d ......... . . ............ 37.4 1.9 37.4 44.1 .5 16.1Electrotypers . . . . . . . 37.7 .3 22.7 58.1 .8 18.1Machine operators 37.3 0.1 1.5 43.9 39.0 .6 14.5 0.4Machine tenders (machinists) 37.3 47.6 37.0 15.4Mailers 37.6 8.0 .5 20.2 1.1 38.6 31.6Photoengravers .... ............... . ...... 36.6 26.2 28.2 41. 7 1.4 2.5Press assistants and feeders 37.5 .7 44.9 31.8 .4 22.2Pressmen, cylinder 37.6 1.6 38.3 34.9 .7 24.5Pressmen, platen 38.1 .5 19.3 45.7 .8 33.7

Newspaper 36.8 .1 6.1 12.3 .6 20.0 1.8 52.3 2.3 3.9 .6Day work. ... .............. 37.3 .4 7.0 15.0 1.7 66.6 2.9 4.4 2.0Night work 36.3 .1 11.6 17.4 1.2 24.8 2.0 38.5 1.4 3.0

Compositors, hand . _ ...... ...... 36.9Daywork .................. . ... .................... 37.0 .9 16. i 22.7 3.5 56.0 4.5 2.3Night work...... . __._ _ ___ __ .... 36.9 .4 10.2 32.9 3.4 48.8 1.9 2.4

Machine operators _ .... ... . 37.0Day work .... __ _____ __ ____ _ 37.1 .7 8.8 21.5 3.4 58.3 4.7 2.6Night work 36.9 .2 9.6 34.9 3.8 47.3 1.9 2.3

Machine tenders (machinists) 37.0Dav work _ 36.9 .8 8.8 30.7 2.8 51.9 2.8 2.2Night work ...... . _ . ... . . 37.0 .2 6.0 35.3 2.9 52.4 1.2 2.0

Mailers _ _ _ ... _ ...... ..... ......... 36.8Daywork _ _ .... _ _ . . _ 37.7 5.3 1.4 .6 75.0 4.9 12.8Night work _ _ . . . . . 36.2 20.8 18.6 26.8 .4 28.2 1.5 3.7

Photoengravers .... _ .. . _ . . ... _ _ 37.1Daywork. _ . . . . . . . . . 37.1 39.6 .5 56.2 3.7Night work 37.1 6.1 .3 36.4 .8 49.5 6.9

Pressmen (journeymen) _ _____ 36.5Day work _ ... _ . _ _ _ 37.6 .3 4.0 10.2 74.6 1.1 5.3 4.5Night work 35.1 31.2 41.4 5.6 1.6 17.6 .7 1.9

Pressm en -i n -oh ar ge ...................................... . 36.6Day work___ _ ... ................... . 37.7 . 1 3.6 8.0 75.8 1.3 4.8 6.4Night work.. ... ..... _ ................... . _ 35.2 29.7 40.0 8.0 1.1 18.4 .4 2.4

Stereotypers ............ .................. . _ 36.7Day work _ _ _ . . ... ... ... 37.5 8.9 .4 .2 82.3 1.6 6.6Night work. __ . ........... . ........... _ 35.6 1.8 26.3 11.2 12.9 .2 39.8 1.2 6.6

1 Less than 0.05 percent.

T able 11.Indexes of union weekly hours in the printing trades, 1907-50[June 1,1939=100]

YearAll

printing

Bookandjob

Newspaper Year

Allprinting

Bookandjob

Newspaper Year

All print

ing .

Bookandjob

Newspaper

1007: May 15 0 ) 136.6 120.5 1922: May 15 _ 115.2 112.5 120.6 1937- May 15 100.8 100.8 101.01008: May 15 0 ) 130.3 119.9 1923: May 15_________ 114.7 111.8 120.4 1938: June 1 100.3 100.3 100.51900* May 15 0 ) 129.2 119.6 1924: May 15 114.2 111.8 118.7 1939: .Time 1 100.0 100.0 100.01910- May 15 (i) 128.8 119.3 1925: May 15 _ 114.2 111.9 118.4 1940* .Tune 1 99.8 99.8 99.71911 May 15 127.1 128.8 119.3 1926: May 15 114.1 111.7 118.6 1941- .Tune 1 99.8 99.8 99.31919* May 15 127.0 128.7 119.1 1927: May 15 114.0 111.7 118.3 1942 July 1 99.5 99.8 99.21913- May 15 126.9 128.7 119.0 1928: May 15 114.0 111.7 118.0 1943* July 1 99.8 100.1 99.219(4- May 15 126.8 128.7 118.7 1929: May 15 113.9 111.6 117.8 1944: July 1 99.8 100.1 99.21915- May 15 126.8 128.7 118.6 1930: May 15_________ 113.8 111.5 117.6 1945: .Tnlyl 99.8 100.1 99.2191 6* May 15 126.8 128.7 118.5 1931: May 15________ 113.7 111.5 117.6 1946- July 1 97.3 96.6 98.81917: May 15_________ 126.8 128.7 118.5 1932: May 15_________ 109.9 1072 114.6 1948: .Tan. 2 95.5 94.4 97.81918- May 15 126.8 128.7 118.5 1933: May 15_________ 109.0 106.1 114.0 1949: .Tnly 1 95.3 94.3 97.31919- May 15 126.8 128. 6 118.7 1934: May 15 103.4 102.4 105.0 1959- Tnly 1 95.2 94.2 97.11990- May 15 123.1 123.8 118.6 1935: May 15 _ _ _ _ 101. 7 100.9 103. 21921: May 15_________ 115.6 113.9 118.3 1936: May 15_________ 101.3 101.0 101.9

1 Combined data for 1907-10 not available.


12

T a ble 12. Indexes of union weekly hours in each printing trade, 190750[June 1, 1939=100]

BOOK AND JOB

Year BinderywomenBook

bindersCom

positors,hand

Electrotypers

Machineopera

tors

Machinetenders

(machinists)


Press assistants

and feeders

Pressmen,

cylinder

Pressmen,

platen

1907: May 15____________________________ 132.7 119.0 129.3 119.7 131.9 128.5 126.11908: May 15___________ ___ _______ 120.8 119.0 128.8 119.7 119.8 122.3 12l! 71909: May 15.__ ______ _____________ 120.1 119.0 128.6 119.7 118! 6 12o! 5 119.21910: May 15____________________________ 119.7 119.0 125.2 119.7 118.4 12o! 3 119.01911: May 15____________________________ 119.3 119.0 124.4 119.7 118.4 120.3 119! 01912: May 15_______________ ____ 119.3 118.9 124.4 119.3 120.7 118! 4 12o! 3 119! 01913: May 15____________________________ 119.3 118.9 124.2 119.3 120.7 n s! 1 12o! 3 119! 11914: May 15____________________________ 119.3 118.9 123.9 119.3 120.7 118.1 120.3 119.11915: May 15____________________________ 118.4 119.3 118.9 123.9 119.3 120.7 118.1 120.3 119.11916: May 15___________ ______ ____ 118.4 119.3 118.9 123.8 119.5 120.9 130.0 118.1 120.3 119.11917: May 15___ ______ ___ _______ 118.4 119.3 118.9 123.7 119.5 120.9 i3o!o n s ! 1 120.3 119.11918: May 15__ _ __________ ___ . 118.4 119.3 118.9 123.7 119.5 120.9 129.6 118.1 120.3 119.11919: May 15____________________________ 118.4 119.3 118.9 123.7 119. 5 120.9 129.6 n s! 1 120.3 119.11920: May 15_____________ - _ _____ 118.4 119.3 118.9 123.6 119.5 120. 9 119! 6 n s ! 0 120.3 119.01921: May 15_____ _________ _ ______ 112.9 113.2 112.5 119.7 113.3 112.0 119.3 111. 7 113. 7 112.81922: May 15__ __________ _ ___ 111.5 112.1 110.2 118.1 111. 7 111. 6 119.3 110.5 112! 3 112.11923: May 15__ _ ___ ___ 111.0 111.6 109.1 119.1 111.2 111.2 119.3 109.7 111! 8 110.71924: May 15__. _____________________ 111.0 111.2 109.4 118.8 110.8 111. 1 119.3 109.9 112.0 111.01925: May 15__ _ _ _ ______ _ _ 111.0 111.6 109.4 119.9 111. 2 111.3 119.6 109.6 111! 4 lio! 91926: May 15__ _____________ _ 111.2 111.4 109.4 119.9 111.0 111. 1 119.3 109! 5 111. 2 110.01927: May 15__ ______ _ _ _ 110.5 111. 1 109.4 120.0 111. 2 111. 1 119.3 109.4 111. 2 110.01928: May 15__ __________ _ _ 110.4 111.9 109.4 119.9 111.0 111. 1 119.3 109.3 111. 0 110.31929: May 15____________________________ 110.6 111.1 109.4 119.6 111.0 111. 1 119! 3 109! 3 m !o lio! 41930: May 15____ __________ ________ 110.5 111.0 109.4 118.2 111.0 111. 1 119.1 109.3 111. 0 lio! 41931: May 15-_ _ __ _ ______ ___ 110.4 110.9 109.4 117.4 111.0 111. 1 119.1 109! 3 111! 0 lio! 91932: May 15__________ ______ _____ 110.5 110.8 109.1 117.5 110.9 111. 1 113.2 96! 1 101! 4 108! 41933: May 15___________ ______________ 110.5 110. 7 105.6 111.4 106.1 105. 6 109! 4 101. 5 102! 6 105.91934: May 15________ ______ - ___ 103.4 103.4 103.0 107.8 103.1 101. 7 108.0 98.1 99! 0 101. 51935: May 15__ _ . _ ____ _ __ 102.7 101.7 101.1 105. 5 101. 2 100.8 103.7 97.9 98.7 100.81936: May 15____________ _____________ 102.2 101. 7 100.3 103.5 100. 3 100.2 102.3 100. 4 100. 7 100. 81937: May 15____________________________ 101.7 101.7 100.2 103.2 100.2 100.2 100.0 101.7 100.2 100.3 lOo! 31938: June I . . . _ _ -------------- 101.2 101.3 100.0 101.1 100.0 100.1 100.0 100.7 100.0 100.0 100.01939: June 1_____ _ _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.01940: June 1___ - - ------------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.7 100.0 100.0 99.5 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.01941: June 1___ _ _ ___________ 100.0 99.9 100.0 97.7 100.0 100.0 99.5 99.8 100.0 100.0 99.81942: July 1_____________________________ 100.2 100.0 100.0 97.7 100.0 100.0 99.5 99.4 100.0 100.0 99.81943: July 1____ _ _ ___ 100.2 100.0 100.0 105.6 100.0 100.0 99.5 99.3 100.0 100.0 99.81944: July 1_____________________________ 100.2 100.0 100.0 105. 6 100.0 100.0 99.5 99.3 100.0 100.0 99.81945: July 1_____________________________ 100.2 100.0 100.0 105.6 100.0 100.0 99.5 99.3 100.0 100.0 99.81946: July 1_____________________________ 97.0 95.7 95.6 103.2 94.9 95.5 94.8 98.8 97.5 96.0 96.71948: Jan. 2________________ _____________ 94.8 93.7 93.7 100.1 93.3 93.4 92.9 97.8 93.9 94.0 94.51949: July 1_____________________________ 94.7 93.6 93.6 99.6 93.2 93.3 93.0 97.5 93.8 93.9 94.41950: July 1_____ _______________________ 94.7 93.4 93.5 99.0 93.2 93.2 93.0 97.1 93.8 93.9 94.4


13

T a b l e 12. Indexes of union weekly hours in each printing trade, 1907-50 Continued[June 1, 1939=100]

N E W S P A P E R

Year Compositors, handMachineoperators

Machinetenders

(machinists)


Web pressmen

StereotypersJourney

menMen-in-charge

Journeymen and men-in- charge

combined

1907* May IS 121.8 123.7 113.8 122.5IQnS- Mnv IS 121.7 123.7 111.8 120.71QOQ- May IS 121.7 123.7 111.0 119.41910: May 15 _ ___ 121.7 123.7 110.7 118.01911: Ma>T 15 121. 7 123.7 110.7 117.01912: May 15_ _ _ __ _______ 121.3 123. 4 126.4 110.4 117.51913: May 15 121.3 123.3 126.4 110.4 117.6

1914: May 15 121.0 122.9 126.3 110.4 117.41915: May 15______ ___ _______ _____ 120.9 122.5 126.0 110.4 117.31916: May 15. _ _ - ___ ______ __ 120.7 122.4 125.9 120.9 110.4 117.31917: May 15 _ ____ 120. 7 122 4 125.9 120.9 ' 110.3 117.21918: May 15____ _ _ _ _____________ ____ 120.9 122.7 126.0 119.6 110.3 117.21919: May 15__ __ _ _ _ _______ 120.9 122.7 126.0 119.2 111.1 117.31990* May IS 121.2 122.8 126.1 118.0 110.7 116.7

1921: May 15___ _____ ___ _ _ 121.0 122. 5 126.1 114.4 110.4 115.11922: May 15_ __ ___ _ _______ __ 122.4 124.4 126.9 115. 2 116.2 117.31923: Mav 15 _ 122.4 124.2 126.9 114.1 115. 6 117.21924: May 15_________ ___ _________ __ _ 121.2 122. 5 126.1 114.1 112.0 117.11925: May 15 _ _ _ 121.1 122. 5 126.8 113.3 111.3 116.61926: May 15- _ _ _______ ____________ 121.3 122 2 126.5 112.9 112.6 116.61927: May 1 5 _ ____ __ _ _ ________ 120.6 122.0 125.8 113.3 112.3 116.4

1928: May 15_ _ __ ___ ________ 120.4 121. 7 126.0 113.1 111.9 117.01929: May 15___ ___ _ ____ _____ 119.9 121.8 125.6 113.1 112.2 116.11930: May 15 ____ __ ___ _______ _ 119. 5 121.6 125. 4 113.0 112.0 116.11931: May 15 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 119.5 121.6 125.4 112.6 112.0 116.31932: May 15___ ___ _____________________ 117.0 116.8 116.7 112.4 109.8 115.31933: May 15- ______________ ___________ 115.7 116.0 115.7 112.7 110.8 113.91934: May 15______ _________ _ - 104.0 103.8 103.8 108.0 105.4 110.2

1935: May 15 _ _ . . __ ___ _______ 102.6 102.7 102.3 104.5 103. 0 107. 71936: May 15 _ _____________ 110. 7 100.7 100.4 104.2 102. 6 107.21937: May 15 _ _____ _____________ 100.1 100.1 100.1 99. 3 103.1 101.3 105.21938: Juno 1- . _ _____ __ .. __ 100.1 100.0 100.0 99.3 100.2 100.7 103.11939: June 1_ . _ ____ - _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.01940: Juno 1_ _ _ -__ _ ________ 99.6 99.8 99.9 99.3 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.11941: June 1- _______________ ___ 99.5 99.6 99.8 99.3 99.7 99.4 99.6 99.4 97.9

1942: July 1__ _ _ ______ ___________ 99.4 99.4 99.4 198.8 99.4 99.3 99.5 99.3 97.81943: July 1 _________________________ 99.4 99.4 99.4 198.8 99.4 99.3 99.5 99.3 97.71944: July 1 __ _______________ _ ____ 99.5 99.5 99.5 i 98.8 99.4 99.3 99.5 99.3 97.71945: July 1 _ ___ ___________ ________ 99.5 99.5 99.5 i 98.8 99.4 99.3 99.5 99.3 97.71946: July 1- - ___ __ _ _ _ ----- 99.1 99.0 99.1 i 98.7 99.1 98.9 99.1 98.9 97.21948: Jan. 2________________________________ 98.1 98.1 98.0 196.8 98.2 98.3 98.6 98.3 96.61949: July 1________________________________ 97.9 97.9 97.9 i 96.5 97.1 97.3 97.9 97.4 95.81950: July 1_________ ______ _ ________ 97.9 97.9 97.9 96.3 96.7 97.0 97.4 97.1 95.5

1 Revised.

Union Scales by City and Trade

Union scales of wages and hours in effect on July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950, are shown in table

13 for the individual trades in each of the 77 cities included in the survey.


T able 13. Union scales of wages and hours in the printing trades in 77 cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950[Hours are the same for both years unless otherwise indicated]

July 1,1949 July 1, 1950

Trade or occupationRateper

hour

Rateper

hour

Hoursper

week

ATLANTA. GA.

B o o k a n d j o b

Bindery women------- ------------- $1.130 $1.170 40Bookbinders_________________ 2.190 2.265 40Compositors, hand___________ 2.250 2.325 40Electrotypers________________ 2.370 2.445 40Machine operators____________ 2.250 2.325 40Mailers_______________________ 2.050 2.125 40Photoengravers______________ 2.560 2. 560 37)4Press assistants and feeders 1.485 1.535 40Pressmen, cylinder___________ 2.200 2.275 40

2-color presses______ ________ 2.300 2.375 40Rotary and offset presses.. . 2.360 2.435 40

Pressmen, platen____ ________ 2.200 2.275 40

N e w s p a p e r

C o m p o s ito rs , h a n d d a ywork______________________ 2.400 2.453 37 H

Compositors, handn i g h twork----------------------------------- 2. 480 2. 533 37%

Machine operatorsday work. 2.400 2.453 37HMailersday w o rk __________ 1.725 1.775 40Mailersnight work_________ 1.840 1.893 37HPhotoengraversday work. . . 2. 560 2.613 37 HPhotengraversnight w ork ... 2.720 2.773 37 %Pressmen, web pressesday

work______ ________________ 2.400 2.453 37HPressmen, web pressesnight

work_______________________ 2.508 2.561 37HP ressm en-in -charge d ay

work_______________________ 2.600 2.673 37%Pressmen-in-chargenight

work_______________________ 2.708 2.781 37 )4Stereotypersday work______ 2.400 2.453 37 y*Stereotypersnight work____ 2.508 2.561 37)4

BALTIM ORE, M D .

B o o k a n d j o b

Bindery women:Journey women____________ .930 .930 40Semiskilled________________ .750 .750 40Unskilled__________________ .650 .750 40

Bookbinders_________________ 1.770 1.770 40Compositors, hand___________ 2.000 2.000 40Electrotypers________________ 2.000 2.000 40Machine operators___________ 2.000 2.000 40Machine tenders (machinists) 2.000 2.000 40Mailersday_______________ _ 1.688 1.778 40Photoengravers:

Agreement A _____________ 2.400 2.453 37UAgreement B ---------------------- 2.667 2.667 37>|

Press assistants and feeders:Platen or small automatic

press assistants........ .......... 1.300 1.300 40Cylinder press (over 31 in.)

assistants________________ 1.630 1.630 402-color cylinder press assist

ants_____________________ 1.670 1.670 40Pressmen, cylinder:

2-color presses______________ 2.090 2.090 40Small automatic presses,

31 in. and under--------------- 1.860 1.860 40Single-color presses over 31

in________________________ 2.000 2.000 40Pressmen, platen....................... 1.700 1.700 40

N e w s p a p e r

Compositors, handdaywork 2.400 2.400 36%C om positors, handnight

work_____________________ 2.536 2.536 36%Machine operatorsday work. 2.400i 2.400 36%M achine operatorsnight

work_______________________ 2.536i 2.536 36%M achine tenders (m achin

ists)day work____________ 2.400i 2.400 36%M achine tenders (m achin

ists)night work__________ 2.536i 2.536 36%Mailersday work___________ 1.688 1.725 40Mailersnight work_________ 1.929 1.972 35

July 1,1949 July 1,1950


hour

Rateper

hour

Hoursper

week

BALTIM ORE M D .Con.

NewspaperContinued

Photoengraversday w ork .. . $2,653 $2,680 1 37V*Photoengravers night work. 2.813 2.840 1 37%Pressmen, web pressesday

work_______________________ 2.138 2.320 1 37%Pressmen, web pressesnight

w ork ..______ ______________ 2.443 2.485 35P ressm en -in -ch a rgeday

work____________________ 2.325 2.520 ! 37HColor only...................... ......... 2.388 2.586 ' 37)4

P ressm en-in-chargenightwork_____________________ 2.657 2.700 35

Color only___________ ___ 2. 729 2.771 35Stereotypersday work______ 2.138 2.320 40Stereotypersnight work____ 2.443 2.487 35

B IRM IN GH AM , ALA.

B o o k a n d j o b

Bindery women____ _________ 1.100 1.100 37 HBookbinders_________________ 2.080 2.080 37)4Compositors, band___________ 2.280 2.330 37^Electrotypers________________ 2.250 2.440 37HMachine operators___________ 2.280 2.330 37 MMachine tenders (machinists). 2.280 2.330 37HMailers______________________ 1.960 2.160 40Photoengravers______________ 2.346 2.453 37MPress assistants and feeders:

Cylinder assistants................ 1.440 1.440 37 KPlaten feeders______________ 1.040 1.040 37^

Pressmen, cylinder__________ 2.080 2.080 37^Rotary presses_____________ 2.080 2.300 40

Pressmen, platen____________ 2.080 2.080 37 HN e w s p a p e r

C om p os itors , hand d aywork_______________________ 2.330 2.383 37'A

Com positors, handnightwork_______________________ 2.430 2.483 37)4

Machine operatorsday work. 2.330 2.383 37^Machine operatorsnight

work_______________________ 2.430 2.483 37)4Machine tenders (machinists)day work____________ 2.330 2.383 37)4

Machine tenders (machinists)night work............ ....... 2.430 2.483 37)4

Mailersday work___________ 1.800 1.900 40Mailersnight work_________ 1.900 2.000 40Photoengraversday w ork. . . 2.323 2.453 * 37)4Photengraversnight w o rk ... 2.477 2.613 2 37)4Pressmen, web pressesday

work_______________________ 2.110 2.250 40Pressmen, web pressesnight

work_________ _____________ 2.411 2.571 35P ressm en -in -ch a rge d a y

work________ _ __ 2.266 2.406 40Pressm en-in-chargenight

work_______ . _ _______ 2.590 2.750 35Stereotypersday work______ 2.110 2.250 40Stereotypersnight work____ 2.210 2.350 40

BOSTON, MASS.B o o k a n d j r>b

Bindery women........ . . I l f 1.110 37HBookbinders. _ . . . \ 07( 2.070 37)4Compositors, han.L 13: 2.133 37^Electrotypcr? - 2.20T 2.300 40Machine op > t -

and mon :v i . ) . >. 13; 2.133 37^Machine t Y- type

and m onotyre)_______ . 2.13? 2.133 37^Photoengravers. ______ _ 2.400 2.453 37^Press assistants and feeders:

Assistants on sinsrle presses; cross feeding presses, under 05 in.; pile feeding presses; cylinder-press as-

* sistants, hand; job automatic cylinder-presses____ 1.830 1.830 37^

July 1,1949 July 1,1950


hourRateper

hourHours

perweek

BOSTON MASSCon.Book and jobContinued

Press assistants and feeders Continued

Assistants on 1 2-color press,1 perfecting press; cylinder presses with 2-pile feeding machines.............. $1,930 $1,930 37)4Assistants on 1 cross feeding machine, over 65 in_____ 1.870 1.870 37)4Assistants or job press feeders 1.170 1.170 37^

Pressman, cylinder:1 perfecting; 1 2-color 2 high

speed cylinders, 25 x 38 in. or larger____________ 2.240 2.240 37)41 cylinder, over 65 in.; cylinders under 65 in.; with 2-pile feeding machines__ 2.150 2.150 37^

Cylinders, under 65 in......... 2.070 2.070 37HJob cylinders; Kelly, Miehle

(vertical or horizontal), Miller, Simplex or other types of job cylinder____ 2.070 2.070 37HPressmen, platen:

2 automatic______________ 1.950 1.950 37)4Hand-fed________________ 1.860 1.860 37)4Newspaper

Compositors, handday work.. 2.524 2.524 37 HCompositors, handnight

work___________________ 2.650 2.650 37)4Machine operators day work_ 2.524 2. 524 37 HMachine operatorsnight

work___________________ 2. 650 2.650 37)4Machine tenders (machinists) day work______________ 2.524 2.524 37HMachine tenders (machinists) night work_____________ 2.650 2.650 37)4Mailersday work__________ 1.970 1.970 35

Mailersnight work________ 2.030 2.030 35Photoengraversday work 2. 696 2.696 37HTint layers---------------------- 2.960 2.960 37 XPhotoengraversnight work__ 2.880 2.880 37HPressmen, web pressesday

work:Agreement A____________ 2. 334 2.334 42Agreement B____________ 2.451 2.451 40

Pressmen, web pressesnight work_________ ______ 2.723 2.723 36

Pressmen-in-chargeday work: Agreement A____________ 2.513 2.513 42Agreement B____________ 2.639 2. 639 40

Pressmen-in-chargenight work___________________ 2.932 2.932 36

Stereotypersday work_____ 2. 584 2. 584 35Stereotypersnight work____ 2.853 2.853 31%

BUFFALO, N. Y.Book and job

Bindery women___________ 1.000 1.040 37HBookbinders_______________ 1.950 2.017 37HCompositors, hand_________ 2.240 2.307 37 HElectrotypers______________ 2.098 2.200 38 UMachine operators__________ 2.293 2.360 37)4Machinist-operators_______ 2.336 2.402 37)4Machine tenders (machinists). 2. 336 2.402 37)4Mailers___________________ 1.900 1.960 40Photoengravers____________ 2.400 2.466 37HPress assistants and feeders:

Cylinder and job cylinder presses------------------------- 1.820 1.870 37H

Rotary web presses_______ 1.973 2.030 37)42-color presses____________ 1.900 1.960 37)4Platen and multilith presses 1.560 1. 610 37HOffset presses (over 23)4 in.)_ 2.020 2.070 37)4Pressmen, cylinder presses: Job cylinder_____________ 2.160 2.227 37 H2-color__________________ 2. 340 2.410 37)4Rotary web_____________ 2.400 2.470 37)4Pressmen, platen___________ 2.000 2.060 37)4

* 40-hour week on July 1,1949. * 38%-hour week on July 1,1949.


15

T a b l e 13. Union scales of wages and hours in the printing trades in 77 cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950 Continued

Trade or occupation

July 1,1949 July 1, 1950

Rateper

hour

Rateper

hour

Hoursper

week

BUFFALO, N. Y.Con.

N ewspaper

Compositors, handday work. $2.400 $2.460 37 HCompositors, handn i g h t

work_______________________ 2.506 2.570 37AMachine operatorsday work. 2.400 2.460 37 H

Machinist-operators________ 2.488 2. 552 37AMachine operatorsn i g h t

work_____________________ 2. 506 2. 570 37 KMachinist-operators________ 2.594 2. 659 37H

Machine tenders (machinists)day work_______________ 2. 488 2. 552 37^

Machine tenders (machinists)night work_______________ 2. 594 2. 659 37^

Mailersday work___________ 1.900 1.960 40Mailersnight work_________ 2.133 2.197 S7V2Photengraversday work____ 2. 666 2.731 37APhotengraversnight w ork ... 2.800 2.864 37^Pressmen, web pressesday

work:Agreement A ______________ 2.308 2.372 37HAgreement B ______________ 2.164 2.372 1 37^Agreement C ______________ 1.881 2.372 37^Color men_________________ 2. 500 2. 572 37^

Pressmen, web pressesnightwork:

Agreement A ______________ 2.415 2.479 37AAgreement B ______________ 2.415 2. 479 37HAgreement C ___ __________ 1.988 2. 479 37A

16

T a b l e 13. Union scales of wages and hours in the printing trades in 77 cities, July l t 1949, and July 1, 1950 Continued

July 1,1949 July 1, 1950

Rateper

hourRateper

hourHours

perweek

$2.557 $2.598 36H

2.391 2.433 m

2.335 2.376 36H

2.364 2.405 36K. 2.226 2.267 36K

2.314 2.355 36K

2.309 2.350 36

2.3262.339

2.368 2.380

36}i36j|

2.460 2.502 36Ji

2.543 2.585 36M

2.474 2.515 36K

2.491 2.533 36H

2.501 2.543 36H

2.502 2.543 36X2.419 2.460 36H

July 1,1949 July 1, 1950

Rate Rate Hoursper per per

hour hour week

$2,538 $2.593 36^2.538 2.593 36H2.880 2.940 36H2.577 2.632 3SH3.113 3.180 302.538 2.632 36H2.577 2.632 36H2.262 2.304 36H2.917 3.000 36A2.979 3.062 3&H

2.302 2.302 36K

2.274 2.274 36Ji

2.357 2. 357 36Ji2.274 2.274 30H2.335 2.335 36H

2.392 2.392 36M2.460 2.460 36M2.543 2.543 36H2.302 2.302 36Vi2.302 2.302 36Vi2.392 2.392 36 X2.491 2.491 36 X

2.343 2.343 36K2.385 2.385 36K2.343 2.343 30H

2.329 2.329 36H

2.429 2.429 36H

2.387 2.387 36H

2.473 2.473 30K2.432 2.432 36H2.517 2.517 36H2.476 2.476 36X

2.302 2.302 36a2.385 2.385 36X

2.343 2.343 30H

Trade or occupation Trade or occupation

July 1,1949


hour

July 1,1950

Rateper

hourHours

perweek

CHICAGO, ILL.ContinuedB ook a n d job Continued

BookbindersContinued Agreement AContinued

Commercial workCon. Operators, Kast or Sher

idan inserting machine with trimmerattachment (1)______

Edition binding: Forwarderscloth,

leather and job; finishers; operators, paper cutters; paper joggers, sheet straight- eners; operators, trimmers; operators, automatic stitching machines; operators, gathering machines; operators, binding machines; operators, covering machines; operators, combination gathering and stitching machines; operators, folding machines, automatic feed(1) ; operators, automatic feed perforating machines__________

Operators, folding machines and feeders,hand feed (1)_______

Case-makers, hand or machine operators; operators-in-charge casing-in machines; edge gilders; marblers; stampers; operators, automatic rounders and backers, automatic gluing machines, lining machines, stock cutters, binders stock headmen; operators, roundcomer machines.........

Book pressers; handgluers_____________

Casers, helpers, pasters, smashers, sawyers, general workers, and tipping for gilders;book repairers----------

Operators, nonautomatic gluing machines_____________

Operators; indexing machines; stock cutters,binders stock______

Tip printers--------------Operators, folding ma

chines, automatic feed(2) ---------------

Operators, folding machines, automatic feed (3)______________

Head stampers, in charge of 1 or moremachines__________

Operator - in - charge- stock and cutting machines------ -------------

Operators, combination cutter and 1 foldingmachine___________

Operators, perfect patent binding machine (1); operators-in- chargegathering, stitching, and covering machine combination_____________

Agreement B:Paper rulers------ -----------

CHICAGO, ILL.Continued Book and jobContinued

Compositors, hand_____Foreign language text.

Electrotypers__________Machine operators---------

Czechoslovak text------Swedish text_________

Machine tenders (machinists) .Mailers----------------------------------Photoengravers----------------------

Rotogravure_______________Press assistants and feeders:

Senior assistants:Presses 25 x 38 in. and

larger:1 2-color; 1 perfecting,

over 46 x 65 in. bed measurement; 2 automatic Miehle units (29 x 41 in.); 1 74-in.; 1 Miller Major (2-color); 2 single MillerMajor (27 x 41 in.)____

Single cylinder; in- charge-of varnishing machines offset; coupon__________________

1 double impression, 2 sheets to 1 cylinder,1 or 2 colors__________

Folding machines, hand-fed:Feeders__________________Feeders and operators, 1

machine-----------------------Folding machines with au

tomatic sheet-fed equipment:

1 machine____________2 machines___________3 machines___________Assistants on folding machines-------------------

Paper joggers----------------------Stock cutters:

On flat machines________Men-in-charge____________

2-color, sheet-fed rotary presses: H a rris -C la y - bourn, 47 x 72 in. Cottrell,36 x 48 in________________

1- or 2-roll rotary presses:Tension men____________Oilers or utility assistants. Assistants on any 2-deck

rotary machine using 1- or 2-roll with insert attachments

Tension men on 4-unit press while operating with odd color (fifthunit)__________________

Oilers or utility assistantson 4-unit press_________

Tension men on 6-unitpress___________________

Offers or utility assistantson 6-unit press__ ______

Tension men on 8-unitpr jnb 2.245 2.245 37% Bindery wnmen 1.080 1.108 40 Compositors, handday

Agreement D: Rotary Bookbinders______________ 1.950 2.000 40 work:prpssps 2.250 2.275 37% Onmpnsitnrs, band 2. 050 2.187 1 37% German t.PYt ... 1. 500 1. 500 40Electrotypers_________ vU/v {JLIVKJu J\JU night work_____________ 2. 525 2.604 37% and color presses:Bindery women___________ 1.150 1.150 * 40 Mailersday wnrk 2.106 2.206 i 38 Pressmenday work____ 2. 523 2.523 37%Bookbinders 1.075 1.975 4 40 Mailersnio'ht wnrk _ 9 849 2. 478 i 38 Offsidp rp.visfpr mpn 2. 589 2. 589 37%

1 40-hour week on July 1,1949. 4 37%-hour week on July 1, 1949. 38%-hour week on July 1,1949.


20

T a b l e 13. Union scales of wages and hours in the printing trades in 77 cities, July 1, 1949, a,nd July 1, 1950 Continued

Trade or occupation

July 1,1949 July 1, 1950

Rateper

hourRateper

hourHours

perweek

DETROIT, M ICH.Con.

NewspaperContinuedPressmen, web pressesCon.

Agreement B Con.Pressmennight work__ $2.735 $2.735 35

Offside register m en__ 2.807 2.807 35Pressmen-in-chargeday

work_______________ 2.789 2.789 37 %Pressmen-in-charge

night work--------------- 3.021 3.021 35Stereotypersday Work_____ 2.597 2.650 37 %Stereotypersnight work----- 2.815 2.869 35

DULUTH, MINN.

B oo k and job

Compositors, hand_________ 1.750 1.750 40Machine operators_________ 1.750 1. 750 40Photoengravers___________ 2.000 2.133 37%Press assistants and feeders:

Cylinder_______________ 1.128 1.230 40Platen feeders___________ .900 .980 40

Pressmen, cylinder:Automatic job cylinder, 2-

color, and perfecting____ 1.580 1.720 40Pressmen, platen:

1 or 2 presses____________ 1.240 1.350 403 presses_______________ 1.325 1.440 404 presses_______________ 1.438 1.565 40

N ew sp a p er

Compositors, handday work. 2.092 2.190 35Compositors, handnightwork__________________ 2. 221 2.319 35

Machine operatorsday work. 2.092 2.190 35Machine operatorsnight

work__________________ 2.221 2. 319 35Machine tenders (machin

ists)day work__________ 2.092 2.190 35Machine tenders (machin

ists)night work________ 2. 221 2. 319 35Mailersday work_________ 1.680 1.800 37%Mailersnight work_______ 1. 789 1. 910 37%Photoengraversday work. _. 2. 320 2. 320 37%Photoengraversnight work. 2. 453 2. 453 37%Pressmen, web pressesday

work---------------------------- 1.925 2.068 35Pressmen, web pressesnight

work__________________ 2.000 2.192 35Pressmen-in-chargeday

work............. ........... ........... 2.068 2. 211 35Pressmen-in-chargenight

work__________________ 2.143 2. 335 35Stereotypersday work____ 1.830 1.986 36 %Stereotypersnight work___ 1. 900 2.056 36%

EL PASO, TEX.

B o o k and jo b

Compositors, hand________ 2. 267 2.347 37%Machine operators-------------- 2.267 2.347 37%Machine tenders (machinists). 2.267 3.347 37%Pressmen, cylinder------------- 1.840 2.000 40Pressmen, platen-------------- 1.840 1.870 40

N e w s p a p e r

Compositors, han dd aywork---------------------------- 2.267 2.347 37%

Compositors, handnightwork__________________ 2.380 2.460 37%

Machine operatorsday work. 2.267 2.347 37%Machine operatorsnight

work---------------------------- 2.380 2. 460 37%M achine tenders (machin

ists)day work-------------- 2.267 2.347 37%M achine tenders (machin

ists)night work________ 2.380 2.460 37%Mailersday work_________ 1.880 1.960 37%Mailersnight work....... ........ 1.900 2.070 37%Pressmen, web pressesday

work__________________ 2.100 2.180 40

Trade or occupation

EL PASO, TEX.Con.N e w s p a p e rContinued

Pressmen,web pressesnightwork_________________

Pressmen-in-chargedaywork__________________

Pressmen-in-chargenightwork__________________

Stereotypersday work_____Stereotypersnight work___

ERIE, PA.B o o k and jo b

Compositors, hand_________Machine operators--------------

Machinist-operators______Pressmen, cylinder----------Pressmen, platen---------------

N e w s p a p e rCompositors, handday

work__________________Compositors, handnight

work__________________Machine operatorsday work.

Machinist-operators----------Machine operatorsnight

work_________________Machinist-operators______

Pressmen, web pressesdaywork----------------------------

Pressmen, web pressesnightwork__________________

Stereotypersday work-------Stereotypersnight work-----Mailers---------------------------

GRAND RAPIDS. MICH.B oo k and iob

Compositors, hand-------------Shopping news---------------

Electrotypers_____________Machine operators--------------

Shopping news__________Mailers----------------------------Press assistants and feeders:

Cylinder_______________Platen--------------------------

Pressmen, cylinder-------------Pressmen, platen---------------

N e w s p a p e r

Compositors, handdaywork__________________

Compositors, handnightwork----------------------------

Machine operatorsday work. Machine operatorsnight

work----------------------------Machine tenders (machin

ists)day work---------------Machine tenders (machin

ists)night work-------------Mailersday work--------------Mailersnight work------------Photoengraversday work Photoengraversnight work__ Pressmen, web pressesday

work__________________Pressmen, web pressesnight

work__________________Pressmen-in-chargeday

work----------------------------Pressmen-in-chargenight

work----------------------------Stereotypersday work-------Stereotypersnight work-----

HOUSTON, TEX.B o o k and job

Bindery women-----------------Bookbinders______________

July 1,1949 July 1, 1950

Trade or occupation

July 1,1949 July 1, 1950

Rateper

hourRateper

hourHours

perweek

Rateper

hourRateper

hourHours

perweek

HOUSTON, TEX.Con.B oo k and job Continued

$2,200 $2,280 40 Compositors, hand_________ $2.507 $2.507 37%Electrotypers_______ ______ 2.350 2.438 40

2.163 2.243 40 Machine operators_________ 2. 507 2.507 37%Machine tenders (machinists). 2.507 2.507 37%

2.263 2.343 40 Photoengravers___________ 2.375 2.581 138%2.100 2.180 40 Press assistants and feeders... 1.830 1.830 402.200 2.280 40 2-color presses__ _______ 1.900 1.900 40

Pressmen, cylinder________ 2.160 2.160 402-color presses___________ 2.300 2.300 40

Pressmen, platen:1 or 2 presses____________ 1.880 1.880 40

2.000 2.000 40 3 presses_______________ 1.970 1.970 402.000 2.000 40 4 presses_______________ 2.050 2.050 402.050 2.050 402.000 2.000 40 N e w s p a p e r1.900 1.900 40

Compositors, handday work. 2.507 2. 573 37%Compositors, handnight

work__________________ 2. 640 2.707 37%2.186 2.186 37% Machine operatorsday work. 2. 507 2.573 37%

Machine operatorsnight2.286 2.286 37% work__________________ 2.640 2.707 37%2.186 2.186 37% Machine tenders (machin2.293 2.293 37% ists)day work_________ 2.507 2.573 37%

Machine tenders (machin2.286 2.286 37% ists) night work________ 2.640 2.707 37%2.393 2.393 37% Mailersday work_________ 1.930 2.000 40Mailersnight work________ 2.000 2.063 402.053 2.107 37% Photoengraversday work.. . 2. 525 2. 588 40Photoengraversnight work.. 2. 669 2.731 402.200 2.257 35 Pressmen, web pressesday2.053 2.106 37% work__________________ 2.181 2.244 402.153 2.206 37% Pressmen, web pressesnight(6) 1.640 37% work_________________ 2.493 2.564 35Pressmen-in-chargeday

work_________________ 2.244 2.306 40Pressmen-in-chargenight

work---------------------------- 2. 564 2.636 352.100 2.150

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