bls_0553_1932.pdf

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORW . N. DOAK, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner

BULLETIN OF TH E UNITED ST A T E S! No. 553B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T I S T I C S / ...................E M P L O Y M E N T A N D U N E M P L O Y M E N T S E R IE S

FLUCTUATION IN EMPLOYMENT IN OHIO

1914 to 1929

March, 1932

UNITED STATESGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON s 1932

For sale by the superintendent of Documents, Washington, d . c .

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

ContentsPage

Sources and scope of study-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1Part 1. Summary:

Completeness of material__________________________________________ 7Fluctuation of employment

Males_________________________________________________________ 8Females______________________________________________________ 21Comparison of males and females______________________________ 34Both sexes____________________________________________________ 37

Unemployment of males in Ohio as approximately measured by fluctuation of employment____________________________________________ 47

Part 2. General table:General table______________________________________________________ 53Table A. Fluctuation in employment in industries other than mining

and quarrying in Ohio, 1914 to 1929, by occupation group, industry, and sex_____________________________________________________ 54

in


BULLETIN OF THE

U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSNO. 553 WASHINGTON March, 1932

FLUCTUATION IN EMPLOYMENT IN OHIO 1914 TO 1929

Long-continued depressions attract general attention to the instability m the volume of employment, but there appears to be little understanding of the irregularity in the volume of employment during periods of so-called normal industrial activity. This lack of understanding is in large part due to the scanty information regarding monthly fluctuations in employment for all employees within a given area. The most comprehensive statistics on this subject for the United States are undoubtedly those contained in the employment returns for the State of Ohio, which cover practically all employees in the State over a period of years. Some of these returns have been published in annual reports of the Ohio State government; others have never been made public.

The present report brings this material together and shows the fluctuation of employment of wage earners, clerical employees, and salespeople (no traveling) in Ohio during each of the 16 years, 1914 to 1929. All industry groups are covered, with the exception of interstate transportation and governmental activities, although the coverage for agriculture and for the subgroup domestic service, is, for reasons later explained, not so nearly complete as for other industries included.

Sources and Scope of StudyFor convenience in presentation this report is divided into two

parts. Part 1 offers a brief analysis and text discussion of the detailed material included in part 2 and also presents a discussion of unemployment of males in Ohio as approximated by fluctuation of employment. This part o f the report was prepared by Frederick E. Croxton, Columbia University, and Fred C. Croxton, Columbus, Ohio. Part 2 includes a general table which shows the month to month fluctuation in employment of three general occupation groupswage earners; bookkeepers, stenographers, and office clerks; and salespeople (not traveling)in each of the seven industry groups (agriculture, construction, fisheries, manufactures, service, wholesale and retail trade, and transportation and public utilities).^ Detailed data for mining and quarrying, showing monthly fluctuations in employment by types of mining (coal mining, sandstone quarrying, etc.) will be found in the Monthly Labor Review of the Bureau of Labor Statistics for August, 1930 (pp. 12-23).

The data for part 2 were collected and compiled by the office of the State government of Ohio responsible for labor statistics. That office

1


2 FLUCTUATION OF EMPLOYMENT IN OHIO, 1914-1929was the department of investigation and statistics of the Industrial Commission of Ohio from 1913 to June 30, 1921. Since July 1,1921, the name has been the division of labor statistics, Department of Industrial Relations of Ohio.1

The statistical information was collected each year and was compiled by the Ohio department for all of the years except 1922. The material for 1922 was compiled by the United States W omens Bureau. While the compilations were made each year, the information was published by the Ohio department for only 1914, 1915, 1923, 1928, and 1929, with a summary report for 1924 and 1927 accompanying the 1928 report.2

The compilations of the Ohio material as presented in this report are for the State as a whole. The compilations on file in the division of labor statistics, Department of Industrial Relations of Ohio, contain similar material for each of the more populous counties of the State and also include data concerning classified rates of wages and total wage and salary payments.

The statistical data were furnished annually, as required by law, by employers in Ohio. The information was requested during 1914 to 1923, inclusive, of all employers of five or more persons and during 1924 to 1929 of all employers of three or more persons in all industry groups except interstate transportation and governmental activities.

The list of establishments reporting fluctuation of employment and the list of establishments carrying workmens compensation insurance are carefully checked against each other from year to year. Compensation insurance was compulsory during 1914 to 1923 for all employers employing five or more, and since January 1, 1924, it has been compulsory for all employing three or more. Employers of less than the minimum number are permitted, but not required, to avail themselves of the provisions of the State workmens compensation law. Employers may also carry insurance for employees m household or domestic service but are not required to do so.

Some employers with less than five (less than three from 1924 to 1929) report the statistical data each year, and comparatively few employing five or more (three or more from 1924 to 1929) fail to report. The failures to report are mostly among those employing comparatively small numbers. The lists m the workmens compensation insurance file and in the statistical file have been expanded from year to year and represent a somewhat more nearly complete coverage during the later years than during the earlier years of the 16-year period.

1 The work for the period covered b y this report was carried on under the follow ing chiefe of the department or division: Fred C . Croxton, D ec. 1,1913, to June 30,1916; George F . M iles, July 1,1916, to D ec. 31, 1921; W . J. Biebesheimer, Jan. 3, 1922, to M ar. 3,1923; 0 . W . Brach, M ar. 5, 1923, to Jan. 31, 1929; George F . M iles, Feb. 1,1929, to M ar. 31,1931. On A pr. 1,1931, John G ilbert succeeded M r. M iles as chief of the division.

2 General summaries for the years 1924 to 1929, and for m ining and quarrying for 1914 to 1929, werepublished in the M onthly Labor Keview of the U . S. Bureau o f Labor Statistics for A pril, August, and Decem ber, 1930.


T a b l e 1. Number of establishments reporting fluctuation of employment, 1914 to 1929

Industry group

A griculture.............................................. .Construction........................................... .Fisheries....................................................M anufactures...........................................M ining and quarrying:

Coal m in in g l ___________________Fire-clay m ining..............................Gypsum m ining............................. .Lim estone quarrying......................Sandstone quarrying..................... .

Service...... ............................................... .Trade, wholesale and retail................. .Transportation and public u tilities... Industries not otherwise classified . . .

T otal...............................................

1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929

153 270 363 450 520 552 586 504 519 548 732 910 1,052 1,199 1,329 1,4442,004 3,219 3,963 4,372 4,273 4,747 5*382 4,890 5,005 5,883 7,364 8,407 9,145 9,724 9,942 10,183

15 25 30 34 38 41 39 27 27 26 25 23 22 21 20 216,740 7,890 8,299 8,600 8,858 9,011 9,652 8,632 8,403 8,701 9,125 9,502 9,704 9,880 9,937 10,035

795 827 752 1,206 1,333 1,162 1,343 1,053 1,423 1,230 1,000 889 879 858 714 67989 89 103 112 100 104 97 98 99 110 108 108 110 105 112 1084 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

75 92 118 112 103 99 103 113 113 120 116 119 119 114 122 12132 50 44 50 49 44 46 42 48 51 49 43 44 46 42 33

1,069 1,469 1,788 2* 111 2,556 2,563 3,847 2,823 3,032 3,341 4,233 * 5*971 6,761 7,598 8,210 9,3353,361 4*112 4,437 4,908 5,330 5,657 6,589 5,638 6,067 6,276 7,689 7,277 7,867 8,526 8,916 9,524

798 996 1,137 1,149 1,134 1,081 1,146 1,048 1,071 1,129 1,271 1,353 1,453 1,561 1,625 1,67427 25 23 22 21 20 21

15,144 19,043 21,038 23,108 24,298 25,064 28,833 24,871 25,837 27,418 31,740 34,628 37,181 39,656 40,992 43,181

* The m ines w hich are not included herein varied from 186 in 1916 to 38 in 1928, and represent cooperative m ines, mines in which owners did their own work, and a few which tailed to report the num ber of em ployees on the 15th of each m onth.

* A considerable' part o f the increase in num ber o f establishments in service and of the decrease in trade, as compared w ith the previous year, is due to change o f classification o f offices from trade to service. This change of course also affects the number o f em ployees.

CO

SOU

RCES AND

SCOPE O

F STUD

Y


4 FLUCTUATION OF EMPLOYMENT IN OHIO, 1914-1929The industry groups included are agriculture, construction, fisheries,

manufactures, mining and quarrying, service, wholesale and retail trade, and transportation and public utilities. The great majority of Ohio farmers who hire help employ fewer than three persons, and therefore this report does not give a complete picture of conditions, with reference to fluctuation of employment, in agriculture. The figures in the subgroup domestic service also do not afford a complete report, as workmens compensation insurance is not compulsory for such employers, and furthermore comparatively few would employ three or more in domestic service. In all other industry groups included this report gives practically a complete picture except for the very small establishment .

The total number of establishments reporting each year and the number within each industry group are shown in Table 1.

There was from year to year a fairly steady increase in number of establishments reporting, except that the number reporting for the three years, 1921 to 1923, were fewer than for 1920. Some part of the increase in 1924 was doubtless due to the change from five to three in the minimum number of employees under the compulsory insurance law as noted on a preceding page. Within each year each establishment reported for the full 12 months.

The maximum, minimum, and average number of employees for whom information was furnished in each of the 16 years are shown in Table 2. The high point in numbers covered was reached in 1929 when during the month of maximum employment 1,356,004 persons were reported.

T able 2. Number of employees (both sexes) covered by reports of division of labor statistics, Department of Industrial Relations of Ohio, 1914 to 1929

Year M aximummonthM inim um

m onthAverage of 12 m onthly

reportsYear M aximumm onth

M inim umm onth

Average of 12 m onthly

reports

1914 ________ 699,731 851,990

1,032,839 1,094,971 1,141,742 1,157,486 1,241,540

874,556

631,217 673,460 865,034

1,025,847 1,036,782 1,016,085 1,009,799

843,949

672,154 773,128 972,563

1,072,245 1,098,632 1,086,617 1,179,358

860,747

1922......... ........ 1,072,712 1,169,640 1,134,424 1,206,246 1,259,325 1,225,049 1,282,584 1,356,004

816,354 1,052,896 1,063,262 1,086,463 1,151,739 1,152,874 1,105,408 1,230,724

952,311 1,124,383 1,095,488 1,157,779 1,210,846 1.194,148 i; 218,541 1,306,622

1915__________ 1923____ _____101fi 1924..................1017 1925...................1918................... 1926..................1919................... 1927.............. .1920............... ... 1928-...............1921................... 1929__________


P art 1.SUMMARY

By Frederick E. Croxton, Columbia University and Fred C. Croxton, Columbus, Ohio


Completeness of MaterialAs previously noted the employment data compiled by the division

of labor statistics of the Ohio State government covers practically all employees within the State except those in interstate transportation and governmental activities and those employed by employers of less than five persons prior to 1924 and of less than three persons since the beginning of 1924. The approximate completeness of the materia included in this study and in the reports of the division of labor statistics of Ohio can be seen from a comparison of the divisions report on the single industry group manufactures with the United States Census of Manufactures. The census reports do not include establishments reporting value of products of less than $5,000. The reports of the division of labor statistics on the other hand include only a comparatively few establishments regularly employing fewer than three persons. The census figures would therefore include a number of small manufacturing establishments not asked to furnish information to the division of labor statistics. The census and the Ohio reports are compared for 1925, 1927, and 1929 in Table 3.

T able 3. Comparison of coverage of United States census reports on manufactures in Ohio and of reports (manufactures section only) of division of labor statisticsy Department of Industrial Relations of Ohio, 1925, 1927, and 1929

Year and report EstablishmentsW age earners (average for the year)

Am ount paid in wages

1925

United States census of manufactures___ ____ __________ 11,1319,502

676,661 651,944

$975,738,405 J 956,106,644Ohio report________ _________________________________

Difference______________ _______ ________________ 1,629 24,717 19,631,761

1927

United States census of m anufactures..____ ___________ 10,9619,880

669,097 649, 111

968,181,165 1950,200,395Ohio report__________ ___________- .................................... .

D ifferen ce._____________________________________ 1,081 19,986 17,980,770

1929

United States census of manufactures *.... .............. ............ 11,85510,035

741,143718,108

1,102,166,499 11,076,213,730Ohio report.................... .......................................... ................

D ifference.............. _ ..................................................... 1,820 23,035 25,952,769

i Amount reported paid to wage earners, and does not include amounts paid to bookkeepers, stenographers, and office clerks, salespeople (not traveling), and superintendents and managers.

a Press release, U . S. Bureau of the Census, Jan. 20, 1932.

Even with the omission from the reports of the division of labor statistics of practically all manufacturing plants regularly employing fewer than three persons (a considerable number of which would be in the United States census reports), the number of wage earners and the total amount paid in wages are not far below the census figures for manufactures in Ohio. 'Die per cent which the division of labor statis-

7


8 PART 1. SUMMARYtics* figures form of the census figures for each of those two items is as follows:

Year W ageearners Wages

96.3 98.01927 ........................................................................................................................... ............ 97.0 98.11929 ...................................... ................................................................................................... 96.9 97.6

The present study, however, combining the reports of the division of labor statistics, includes not only wage earners but also bookkeepers, stenographers, and office clerks, and salespeople (not traveling) in agriculture, construction, fisheries, manufactures, service, wholesale and retail trade, and transportation and public utilities. In mining and quarrying all persons employed in or around the mines and quarries are included.

The amount reported paid in wages and salaries in 1929, the last year in the 16-year period, by the 43,181 establishments covered in this study is shown below. Information concerning superintendents and managers is not included in the tables in this report.

Wage earners___________________________________$1, 523, 848, 976Bookkeepers, stenographers, and office clerks____ 282, 709, 980Salespeople (not traveling)______________________ 119,084,364Superintendents and managers__________________ 134, 705,187

Total_____________________ ______________ 2,060,348,507

Fluctuation of Employment of MalesTable 4 shows the fluctuation of employment of males each year

when the eight industry groups are combined. The table also carries an average for each of the 16 years.T able 4. Number of males covered by reports to the division of labor statistics,

Department of Industrial Relations of Ohio, 1914 to 1929

Year Maximum M inim umAverage of 12 m onthly

reportsYear M aximum M inim um

Average of 12 m onthly

reports

1914_________ 569,663 700,759 859,150 913,903 921,398 937,211 998,935 680,651

506,234 540,558 713,854 848,245 847,>497 804,116 792,564 653, 731

545,676 632,794 808,554

' 889,343 885,477 866,536 944,397 665,261

1922................. 848,069 931,266 891,731 945,843 990,383 953,784 993,705

1,054,154

626,884 832,645 833,115 847,398 898,011 869,457 843,462 921,442

748,186 889,887 857,062 907,167 946,740 921,753 939,567

1,004,283

1915_________ 1923________1916_________ 1924............. .1917_________ 1925............. .1918_________ 1926............... .1919_________ 1927...............1920_________ 1928.................1921_________ 1929...... ........

Chart 11 shows graphically the fluctuation of employment of males each year. The line is broken at the end of each year as the number of establishments is not the same from year to year. Within each year, however, the establishments are identical throughout the 12 months.

Table 5 shows the number of males reported employed on the 15th of each month for each of the 16 years, 1914 to 1929. The first of the nine sections shows the information for all industries combined, while the succeeding sections cover the eight industry groups individually.

1 The authors extend their thanks to M r. Jorge V . D&vila for his assistance in the construction of the several charts.


Chart 1.FLUCTUATION OP EMPLOYMENT OP MALES IN ALL INDUSTRIES: 1914-1929

tr*O

!GO

CD

FLUCTU

ATION

OF


T able 5* Males employed on 15th of each month, 1914 to 1929, hy industry groups

ALL INDUSTRIES1

M onth 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929

January___February. _M arch........A pril...........M ay............June............Ju ly ............August........Septem ber.October___N ovem ber.D ecem ber..

555,697 558,030 569,663 549,621 545, 235 548,996 542, 234 550,974 556,596

'547,643 517,188 506,234

540,558 551,214 574,406 602,552 618,893 642,249 650,234 659,056 681,852 682,683 689,073 700,759

713,854 740,310 759,144 777,118 795,600 822,445 826,384 848,468 854,029 853,485 859,150 852,663

848,245 854,418 877,818 879,144 906,029 913,903 908,991 911,778 906,513 901,143 898,284 865,852

847,497 855,958 881,768 8184,440 900,385 917, 496 921,398 920,504 888,335 885,581 869,771 852,590

820,983 804,116 805,772 817,255 824,699 856,851 893,668 925,356 931,566 894,672 886,287 937,211

961,903 951,197 981,917 982,823 971,265 998,935 995,788 965,574 955,450 919,211 856,131 792,564

680,651 662,338 657,843 665,437 663,133 673,854 653, 731 660,085 665,693 671,853 673,336 655,178

626,884 647,123 673,255 667,360 707,275 750,652 761,413 805,001 824,463 830,497 836,239 848,069

832,645 848,078 881,498 892,444 912,478 931,266 912,117 919,377 904,433 896,394 885,051 862,860

862,220 876,561 888,191 891,731 866,478 835,015 833,115 841,817 855,505 857,965 838,390 837,756

847,398 854,952 873,411 892,788 909,376 918,419 920,908 929,071 940,847 945,843 932,780 920,205

898,011 901,989 911,317 935,611 947,910 964,176 964,411 972,119 990,383 983,512 960,473 930,974

891,916 916,287 937,848 930,440 941,492 953,784 938,788 938,007 938,244 918,203 886,564 869,457

843,462 867,442 892,281 915,801 941,917 954,636 962,310 981,749 993,705 991,935 975,080 954,484

943,520 964,803 990,123

1,016,233 1,037,462 1,049,661 1,054,154 1,046,642 1,038,943 1,026,051 m

962,364 921,442 m

AGRICULTURE ^

January___F eb ru a ry ..M arch_____A p ril..........M ay............June............Ju ly............August____Septem ber.O ctober___N ovem ber.D ecem ber..

1,531 1,552 1,693 2,212 2,259 2,377 2,399 2,366 2,147 2,216 2,009 1,635

1,9321,9662,3182.892 3,038 3,044 3,467 3,1372.893 2,835 2,525 2,244

2,6422,7402,9243,6233,8474,2634,4044,2003,9593,7183,2982,962

3,2693,2523,6544,5384,6944,9785,3465,0604,7884,3214,0513,464

* 3,425 3,489 4,053 4,467 4,723 5,227 4,972 4,799 4,607 4,297 3,822 3*440

3,1953,3273,6274,3694,4095,1465,3764,8854,4434,1693,7373,385

3,4383,4433,6814,3424,7105,1975,4004,9344,8934,7184,2483,824

3,090 3,138 3,636 4,321 4,315 4,686 4,888 4,607 4,274 4,163 3,731 3,365

3,0122,9553,3684,1624,4124,9845,0334,7584,3444,0393,7533,361

3,0643,0823,0723,8484,1534,8735,1354,8084,5724,6584,1163,661

3,8593,8744,1385,3315,4625,9826,5126,1645,8985,7004,9974,369

4,3274,3795,0166,0426,0806,4967,0976,8536,4276,2205,7035,068

4,7294,7135,0156,2736,5637,2777,9487,6267,2387,3206,4375,318

5,3575,3045,8576,8917,1448,1378,4008,1157,8977,8726,5375,714

5,8616,7776,3567,4937,7498,6589,4648,8238,7708,5797,4006,519

5,919 2 5,953 nj 6,633 g 8,103 8,333 9,468

10,050 K} 9,211 8,861 8,740 7,415 6,549

-SUM

MARY


CONSTRUCTION

January___ 22,526 24,875 38,441 49,822 43,603 37,042 53,860 42,057 31,694 47,672 52,324 51,524 52,399 56,921 52,080 49,542F ebru ary .. 20,438 23,841 38,838 48,257 43,604 35,527 53.013 38,432 31,460 45,152 51,634 52,986 52,482 58,981 50,753 50,018M arch........ 23,114 29,364 39,203 54,497 50,971 37,498 60,513 41,315 31,666 50,941 55,906 59, 111 54,263 65,065 57,176 58,130A pril--------- 30,663 39,039 61,784 62,600 60,089 45,705 69,737 47,120 38,394 60,060 69,433 72,232 66,877 75,457 68,597 69,931M ay............ 34,958 45,382 69,735 75,477 61,988 49,343 74,893 43,888 50,032 68,601 75,276 81,497 79,622 85,765 79,710 80,023June............ 38,818 47,700 66,603 78,105 70,766 57,512 78,974 54,239 59,515 77,337 81,176 87,586 90,691 94,085 85,003 88,829July............ 39,598 61,708 71,601 81,066 72,474 61,797 82,070 57,369 64,605 80,650 88,089 90,616 93,835 98,081 89,484 95,223August____ 40,379 52,819 76,437 84,054 72,002 67,680 81,318 57,995 70,164 84,259 88,318 90,700 94,992 100,433 95,077 94,807Septem ber. 40,965 55,850 76,904 82,687 65,688 70,440 84,965 60,017 69,084 80,458 86,653- 87,782 96,523 99,312 92,355 91,017O ctober___ 37,904 54,719 75,745 79,400 64,853 71,757 78,046 57,795 69,272 77,904 85,380 86,243 91,526 92,351 91,753 91,330N ovem ber. 32,464 52,002 71,704 74,407 57,786 69,963 69,424 50,550 65,569 73,794 76,471 77,206 84,819 81,182 82,726 79,288D ecem ber.. 23,156 43,085 60,952 56,047 51,742 63,568 58,248 44,065 56,033 64,025 62,968 69,282 72,484 66,776 67,696 64,790

FISHERIES

January----- 140 233 268 254 359 321 224 208 212 161 221 217 199 191 174 295F eb ru a ry .. 197 232 463 363 320 260 235 219 215 171 244 213 186 172 199 261M arch......... 259 395 384 286 378 357 260 240 274 232 274 269 239 262 265 326A pril............ 338 513 479 600 541 415 403 322 365 292 366 350 332 338 285 409M ay............ 314 561 648 577 555 430 401 350 386 356 410 397 448 368 342 397June............ 330 445 597 504 428 421 406 310 318 347 372 346 366 329 323 399Ju ly ............ 301 490 499 465 444 456 455 323 330 311 339 346 308 293 293 337August........ 272 383 467 466 410 455 467 293 321 295 312 328 295 292 277 311Septem ber. 282 428 487 499 406 419 388 300 300 317 359 327 305 303 261 326O ctober___ 299 439 481 513 455 452 373 292 316 343 366 317 315 295 296 335N ovem ber. 322 463 511 554 518 444 391 305 339 325 342 311 312 313 285 318D ecem ber.. 271 367 356 338 368 491 309 249 275 285 288 218 237 244 214 260

MANUFACTURES

January___February. _ M arch_____

June,...........July_______August........Septem ber.October___N ovem ber.D ecem ber..

401,402 406,193 414,964 420,460 408,634 406*040 393,718 389,204 391,394 385,431 364,469 365,680

382,060 396,916 412,348 424,976 432,669 445,410 447,993 456,120 471,752 474,155 481,885 501,143

518,384 544,689 661,181 667,420* 671,078 585,395 680,926 595,364 599,460 599,344 608,830 615,019

619,909 627,847 642,024 632,123 640,474 642,411 633,432 632,996 629,980 629,136 631,083 619,865

614,041 621,939 637,245 629,617 641,721 648,915 652,387 653,095 632,192 633,177 628,157 617,968

602,363 590,102

O0, OAC602,798 632,027 654,024 657,445 619,219 651,173 678,048

701,867 694,478 714,378 703,081 682,393 700,612 692,454 661,805 648,086 618,677 565,345 514,154

440,225 431,222 424,156 424,900 424,589 419,664 397,575 403,679 406,453 413,609 422,783 418,278

406,620 425,833 449,555 467,846 490,888 518,894 519,922 529*821 529,101 535,441 544,206 565,531

566,002 584,403 609,374 609,583 618,230 622,642 602,198 605,163 591,700 586,397 582,585 573,596

582,801 596,091 603,049 594,256 562,220 522,868 512,881 521,943 535,155 538,065

571,100 576,878 587,812 592,199 596,130 595,775 594,467 598,210 609,860 614,180 611,661 607,741

601,385 607,019 612,204 618,042 615,627 618,187 614,802 621,566 633,794 626,935 607,191 594,753

578,423 600,396 612,926 613,716 612,030 611,694 592,322 588,479 587,992 575,337 559,659 558,384

558,766 583,7/98 597,365 600,641 609,455 611,121 612,458 623,178 632,655 629,528 623,522 619,882

637,888 657,172 668,539 676,130 683,544 681,951 678,699 668,389 662,839 649,203 602,460 580,228

1 Includes a sm all num ber o f persons in some of the years in industries not otherwise classified. This num ber seldom exceeds 50.

FLUCTU

ATION

OF EM

PLOYM

ENT

MALES


T able 5. Males employed on 15th of each month, 1914 to 1929, by industry groups ContinuedMINING AND QUARRYING *

M onth 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 192(8 1929

January February- -M arch........A pril...........M ay............June............Ju ly.............August____Septem ber.O ctober___N ovem ber . Decem ber

48,877 48,624 48,97012.67912.679 12,402 16,663 29,178 33,487 34,791 33,378 33,416

32,18631,30431,10432,21230,51335,43236,80636,58139,71040,69742,45243,261

42,08843,00043,23936,94740,46143,17645,09646,48447,20347,66247,91847,208

48,82548,90648,98948,71750,80152,98053,76055,01055,29155,57456,23857,301

55,30355,90356,85256,84157,47158,00858,71958,73857,10056,76954,56953,395

50,45846,76846,34447,00448,70650,83551,80154,39755,09155,04516,29646,862

53,59552,65252,98452,32953,51655,08655,50756,70257,20757,94858,27359,034

52,167 48,107 46>651 43,190 44,926 47,035 46,858 47,794 49,043 50,973 51,046 46,237

45,50946,30346,64510,71511,74513,15613,99141,29061,27062,55063,09562,516

58,85357,81357,03654,23952,91053,18250,97450,16961,91652,01549,22946,628

45,39145,88644,37337,24435,35335,02135,88936,45338,49840,57740,05740,067

39.360 39,120 37,185 31,985 32,74332.361 31,086 33,454 35,932 37,659 39,161 39,316

37,585 36,239 35,257 33,332 31,017 30,197 28,881 29,149 32,973 38,013 43,283 40,858

40,984 41,505 41,417 15,503 15,124 15,706 15,64716.23717.238 17,788 17,656 17,785

15,215 16,006 16,714 16,954 18,138 19,553 20,614 21,961 23,940 25,793 27,340 27,121

26,44927,25427,55726,45725,77926.519 25,761 27,90028.520 29,331 m 29,637 > 28,796 ^

SERVICE ^

January February. -M arch........A pril...........M ay............June............Ju ly............August.......Septem ber- October N ovem ber . Decem ber

13,205 13,182 13,278 13,660 13,669 13,665 13,496 13,472 13,435 13,300 13,151 12,910

16,904 16,925 17,310 18,070 18,365 18,746 19,818 19,753 19,684 18,274 18,121 17,956

19,897 19,973 20,352 20,960 21,637 22,197 22,499 23,133 22,464 22,787 22,734 22,393

24,272 24,385 25,038 25,497 25,818 26,642 26,510 26,754 26,516 25,822 25,514 25,081

28,84828,69229,33029.768 30,299 30,484 29,571 29,301 28,37926.769 26,833 27,286

28,12828,52829,13030,25131,30531,80831,67632,10731,71031,81031,70331,867

35,01635,15435,90037.012 37,912 38,933 39,373 39,43339.012 38,398 37,896 37,132

35,123 35,183 35,629 37,116 37,035 37,470 37,157 36,690 36,588 36,064 35,754 35,129

35,439 35,842 36,509 37,744 38,575 39,648 40,499 40,727 41,809 40,750 40,055 39,422

40,417 41,013 41,895 42,890 44,057 45,368 44,920 45,805 46,858 46,080 45,536 45,324

47,487 48,182 49,016 50,881 51,638 52,152 51,430 51,387 51,686 50,712 49,668 48,848

61,565 61,687 62,641 65,617 66,587 67,676 67,591 68,067 68,305 67,625 66,391 65,419

67,554 68,140 69,374 72,228 73,821 74,852 73,643 74,014 74,209 73,432 72,270 71,451

70,541 71,000 72,191 76,083 76,531 77,337 76,253 76,390 76,943 75,471 74,244 73,125

74,929 75,067 76,489 79,171 80,757 81,980 81,58282.155 83,082 82,128 80,86280.155

Ul82,090 H 82,694 g 84,957 87,895 ^ 89,814 91,408 5 91,247 *5 91,207 92,127 90,266 88,235 86 625

PART

1.SU

MM

ARY


66429

32-

TRADE, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

January___ 39,986 45,460 51,238 57,846 57,786 56,551 69,296 64,397 64,933 71,363 80,374 72,715 77,246 81,112 79,924 84,446February-_ 39,909 45,148 51,237 58,145 57,841 56,547 68,346 63,724 64,528 71,779 80,776 72,391 76,801 81,228 79,815 84,631M arch....... 40,179 45,784 51,788 58,427 58,208 57,516 69,388 63,745 65,338 73,156 81,161 73,050 77,228 81,709 80,463 85,711April.......... 40,662 46,614 52,764 58,635 58,188 58,938 69,905 64,268 66,877 74,065 82,232 73,916 78,274 82,220 81,569 87,012M ay........... 41,068 47,230 52,906 59,106 58,061 60,196 70,174 64,223 67,937 74,700 82,631 74,352 78,669 82,969 82,352 87,757June______ 41,728 47,333 53,280 59,416 58,090 62,043 71,126 65,015 68,974 75,962 82,794 74,777 79,025 83,348 83,141 88,763Ju ly .......... 41,470 47,205 53,189 59,566 57,319 63,448 71,908 64,069 69,620 75,506 82,810 74,465 79,577 83,203 83,458 89,368August....... 41,390 47,355 53,441 59,176 56,862 64,404 71,596 63,743 69,507 75,401 82,792 74,899 79,760 83,307 84,014 90,137September . 41,639 48,097 54,409 59,182 55,659 64,666 71,409 64,096 70,093 76,454 83,557 75,538 81,160 84,014 85,717 91,423October 41,199 49,001 55,528 59,251 55,443 65,366 71,064 64,973 70,952 76,496 84,422 77,181 82,135 84,941 86,691 92,518November . 41,041 49,294 56,442 59,688 55,139 66,153 71,235 65,274 72,201 77,906 85,035 77,582 82,751 85,049 86,800 91,940December 41,305 50,530 57,552 60,263 56,667 67,110 71,269 65,204 74,589 79,349 87,368 79,324 84,522 87,673 89,394 93,980

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

January 28,030 36,918 40,896 44,048 44,132 42,925 44,607 43,384 '39,461 45,054 49,736 46,567 56,892 58,367 56,495 56,891February- _ 27,935 34,882 39,370 43,263 44,170 43,057 43,876 42,313 39,983 44,606 49,848 47,275 56,387 57,681 56,009 56,820M arch....... 27,206 35,783 40,073 44,903 44,731 43,492 44,813 42,471 39,896 45,731 50,247 48,304 57,716 58,401 57,435 58,270April.......... 29,167 38,236 43,141 46,534 44,929 44,803 46,014 44,200 41,253 47,404 51,961 50,423 60,231 60,212 61,073 60,296M ay........... 31,874 41,145 45,288 49,082 45,567 45,988 47,266 43,807 43,296 49,407 53,461 51,565 62,121 61,541 63,396 61,815June........... 33,636 44,139 46,934 48,867 45,578 46,288 48,601 45,435 45,159 51,492 54,623 53,377 63,559 63,128 64,839 62,324J u ly .-....... 34,589 42,747 48,170 48,846 45,512 47,087 48,621 45,492 47,409 52,365 55,139 55,216 65,395 64,568 64,940 63,469August....... 34,713 42,908 48,942 48,262 45,297 47,404 49,319 45,284 48,409 53,415 54,422 56,535 64,695 64,735 66,247 64,680September - 33,247 43,438 49,143 47,570 44,304 47,352 49,490 44,922 48,458 52,092 53,673 56,652 64,160 64,525 66,907 63,830October----- 32,503 42,563 48,220 47,126 43,818 46,854 49,987 43,984 47,173 52,447 52,716 56,394 63,815 64,128 67,149 64,328November . 30,354 42,331 47,713 46,749 42,947 46,818 49,319 43,893 47,017 51,505 51,911 54,841 63,389 61,904 66,126 63,071December 27,962 42,173 46,221 44,493 41,724 45,880 48,594 42,651 46,338 49,939 50,675 53,813 61,330 59,736 63,484 60,214

2 Includes all male employees working in or around mines and quarries. Figures for 1914 to 1920, inclusive, include a small number of females (less than 300) employed as office help which could not be segregated. Available figures for gypsum mining in 1917 showed only the months of maximum and minimum employment for the year, the remaining 10 months were estimated on the basis of the seasonal movement in adjacent years.

CO

FLUCTU

ATION

OF EM

PLOYM

ENT

]


iOOflOO

Chart 2.FLUCTUATION OF EMPLOYMENT OF MALES IN CONSTRUCTION, 1914-1029

0 /9/4 /915 J9/6 /9/7 /9/d /9/9 /920 /92i 1922 /92J /924 J925 /926 1927 J926 /929

PART 1


750,mChart 3.FLUCTUATION OF EMPLOYMENT OF MALES IN MANUFACTURES, 1914-1929

650000

550,000

45Q000

350,000

0

A/ J A A'/-AA r \

/1 1

/V

\ / V /

19/4 19/5 19/6 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929

Oi

FLUCTU

ATION

OF EM

PLOYM

ENT

MALES


16 PART 1. SUMMARYChart 2 indicates graphically that the movement of employment

among males in the construction industry was much the same in many of the years.

Chart 3 shows the monthly employment of males in the manufactures group which includes approximately two-thirds (72.5 per cent in 1914, 64.8 per cent in 1928, and 65.1 per cent in 1929) of the males covered in this report.

Table 6 provides a comparison of the industry groups with reference to maximum and minimum employment withm each year. The fluctuation of employment of males in the all industries group varied from 4 per cent to 26.1 per cent. The fluctuation was below 10 per cent in 6 years, between 10 and 15 per cent in 5 years, and above 15 per cent in 5 years.

Omitting from consideration agriculture and fisheries, which are represented by a comparatively small numbers of employees, the widest fluctuation was found in construction in 12 years and in mining and quarrying in 4 years. The second widest fluctuation occurred in mining and quarrying in 9 years, in construction in 4 years, in manufactures in 2 years, and in service in 1 year.T a b l e 6. Maximum and minimum employment of males in each industry group,

1914 to 1929[Mining and quarrying in 1914 to 1920, inclusive, include a small number of females (less than 300) employed

as office help which could not be segregated]

Maximum Minimum Variation from maximumYear and industry group

Number

1914

M onth Number M onthNum- Per

ber cent

All industries..............................

Agriculture.............................................Construction......................................Fisheries................................... .............Manufactures........... ...........................Mining and quarrying.........................Service..................................................Trade, wholesale and retail.... ............Transportation and public utilities. .

569,663

2,399 40,965

338 420,460 48,970 13,665 41,728 34,713

March..............

July..................September___April................

........do...............March...........June............... .

........do...............August.............

506,234

1,531 20,438

140 364,469 12,402 12,910 39,909 27,206

December........ 63,429 11.1

January........... 868 36.2February......... 20,527 50.1January........... 198 58.6November____ 55,991 13.3June................. 36,568 74.7December........ 755 5.5February......... 1,819 4.4March.............. 7,507 21.6

1915

All industries..............................

Agriculture............................................Construction........................................ .Fisheries..................................................Manufactures............................. ..........Mining and quarrying.........................Service.....................................................Trade, wholesale and retail................Transportation and public utilities..

700,759

3,467 55,850

561 501,143 43,261 19,818 50,530 44,139

December........

July..................September-----M ay.................December............... do...............July..................December........June.................

540,558

1,93223,841ooo

382,05030,51316,90445,14834,882

January______

........do...............February.........

____ do________January...........M ay.................January...........February.........

160,201

1,535 32,009

329 119,093 12,748 2,914 5,382 9,257

22.9

44.357.3 58.6

29.514.710.721.0

1916

All industries..............................

Agriculture.............................................Construction..........................................Fisheries.............................................. .Manufactures........................................Mining and quarrying.........................Service.....................................................Trade, wholesale and retail.................Transportation and public utilities..

859,150

4,404 76,904

648 615,019 47,918 23,133 57,552 49,143

November___

July..................September-----M ay........ .........December........November___August.............December........September___

713,854

2,642,441

518,384 36,947 19,897 51,237 39,370

January............ 145,296 16.9

....... do............... 1,762 40.0

........do............... 38,463 50.0

....... do............... 380 58.6____ do________ 96,635 15.7April......... ....... 10,971 22.9January........... 3,236 14.0February......... 6,315 11.0

------ do------------- 9,773 19-6


FLUCTUATION OF EMPLOYMENT MALES 17T a b l e 6* Maximum and minimum employment of males in each industry group,

1914 to 1929 Continued

Year and industry group

1917

All industries..

Agriculture................... ......................Construction......................................Fisheries...............................................Manufactures......................................Mining and quarrying.......................Service..................................................Trade, wholesale and retail......... . . .Transportation and public utilities.

1918

All industries.

Agriculture................... ......................Construction.......................................Fisheries...............................................Manufactures....................................Mining and quarrying.......................Service...................................................Trade, wholesale and retail...............Transportation and public utilities.

1919

All industries .

Agriculture................... ......................Construction.......................................Fisheries........................ ......................Manufactures......................................Mining and quarrying................. .Service............................... ...................Trade, wholesale and retail...............Transportation and public utilities.

1920

All industries............................

Agriculture...........................................Construction........................................Fisheries...............................................Manufactures.....................................Mining and quarrying.............. .........Service._______ ___________________Trade, wholesale and retail________Transportation and public utilities.

1921

All industries............................

Agriculture................. ....................Construction........................................Fisheries................................................Manufactures..................................Mining and quarrying................. .Service..............................................Trade, wholesale and retail......... .Transportation and public utilities.

1922

All industries.. ....................

Agriculture-............. .........................Construction............. ............... ..........Fisheries................................. ..............Manufactures.......................................Mining and quarrying...................Service-..................................................Trade, wholesale and retail..............Transportation and public utilities.

Maximum Minimum Variation from maximum

Number Month Num ber M onthN um

berPercent

913,903 June................. 848,245 January........... 65,658 7.2

5,34684,054

July _ 3,25248,257

February_____ 2,094 35,797

39.2August............. ____ do............... 42.6

600 April. 254 January______ 346 57.7642,411 57,301 26,754

June_________ 619,865 48,717 24,272

December____ 22,5468,5842,482

3.5DfiCftmhfir April................. 15.0August......... . January........... 9.3

60,263 December........ 57,846 ____ do........... 2,417 4.049,082 M ay................. 43,263 February......... 5,819 11.9

921,398 July.................. 847,497 January........... 73,901 8.0

5,227 June................. 3,425 ........do________ 1,802 34.572,474 July.................. 43,603 ........do........ 28,871 39.8

555 M ay................. 320 February......... 235 42.3653,095 August_______ 614,041 January---------- 39,054 6.058,738 ........do......... . 53,395 December____ 5,343 9.130,484 58,208 45,578

937,211

June_________ 26,769 55,139 41,724

804,116

October______ 3,715 3,069 3,854

133,095

12.2March_______ November___ 5.3J u n e ________ DAAA.mhp.r 8.5

December........ February......... 14.2

5,376 July.................. 3,195 January........... 2,181 40.671,757 October........... 35,527 February......... 36,230 50.5

491 December........ 260 ........do............... 231 47.0678,048 ........do............... 584,322 M ay_________ 93,726 13.855,091 September----- 16,296 November___ 38,795 70.432,107 August............. 28,128 January______ 3,979 12.467,110 December........ 56,547 February------- 10,563 15.747,404 August............. 42,925 January......... 4,479 9.4

998,935 June................. 792,564 December........ 206,371 20.7

5,40084,965

July , _ 3,43853,013

January______ 1,96231,952

36.3September___ February......... 37.6

467 August............. 224 January......... 243 52.0714,378 April......... ....... 514,154 December........ 200,224 28.059,03439,43371,90849,987

Dp.PATnhfir 52,32935,01668,34643,876

April_________ 6,7054,4173,5626,111

11.4August _ January______ 11.2J u ly ................ February_____ 5.0October........... ........do............... 12.2

680,651 January........... 653,731 July.................. 26,920 4.0

4,888 60,017

July 3,09038,432

January ___ 1,79821,585

36.8September___ February......... 36.0

350 M ay 208 January______ 142 40.6440,225 January......... 397,575 July.................. 42,650 9.752,167 ........do........ 43,190 April................. 8,977 17.237,47065,274

June_________ 35,12363,724

January 2,3471,550

6.3November____ February......... 2.4

45,492 July.................. 42,313 ........do________ 3,179 7.0

848,069 December........ 626,884 January........... 221,185 26.1

5,033 July ............ 2,955 February------- 2,078 41.370,164 August............. 31,460 ........ d o________ 38,704 55.2

386 M a y............. . 212 January........... 174 45.1565,53163,095

DftOATnhftr 406,620 10,715

_ _ do 158,911 28.1November____ April................. 52,380 83.0

41,809 September___ 35,439 January........... 6,370 15.274,589 December........ 64,528 February......... 10,061 13.548,458 September___ 39,461 January........... 8,997 1&6


T a b l e 6 . Maximum and minimum employment of males in each industry group,1914 t 1929 Continued

18 PART 1. SUMMARY


Maximum Minimum Variation from maximum

Number M onth Number M onthN um

berPercent

1923

All industries..... ..................... . 931,266 .Tune _ _ 832,645 January _ 98,621 10.6

A gricu lture........................................... 5,135 July 3,064 ____ do________ 2,071 40.3Construction.......................................... 84,259 August 45,152 February 39,107 46.4Fisheries.......................................... ....... 356 M ay. _ 161 January 195 54.8Manufactures................................. ....... 622,642 .Tune 566,002 ____ do________ 56,640 9.1Mining and quarrying______________ 58,853 January 46,628 December 12,225 20.8Service..................................................... 46,858 September___ 40,417 January 6,441 13.7Trade, wholesale and retail 79,349 December _ _ 71,363 ____ do________ 7,986 10.1Transportation and public utilities. .53,415 August... 44,606 February_____ 8,809 16.5

1924

All industries. ___ _ 891,731 April . _ 833,115 Ju ly_________ 58,616 6.6

Agriculture- ...................... ............ ....... 6,512 July 3,859 January 2,653 40.7Construction 88,318 August.. 51,634 February_____ 36,684 41.5Fisheries . 410 M ay ___ 221 January 189 46.1Manufactures 603,049 March. 512,881 J u ly . . . ............ 90,168 15.0Mining and qnarrving___________ 45,886 February_____ 35,021 June 10,865 23.7Service___ 52,152 June_________ 47,487 January 4,665 8.9Trade, wholesale and retail 87,368 December _ _ 80,374 ____ do________ 6,994 8.0Transportation and public utilities.. 55,139 July.................. 49,736 ____ do............... 5,403 9.8

1925

All industries.__________ _ 945,843 October _ 847,398 January 98,445 10.4

Agriculture- 7,097 July. ___ 4,327 ____ do............... 2,770 39.0Construction_______________________ 90,700 August_______ 51,524 ____ do________ 39,176 43.2Fisheries.................................................. 397 M a y_________ 213 February------- 184 46.3Manufactures 614,180 October. 571,100 January______ 43,080 7.0Mining and quarrying_ __ 39,360 January 31,086 July__________ 8,274 21.0Service. 68,305 September___ 61,565 January______ 6,740 9.9Trade, wholesale and retail_________ 79,324 December 72,391 February_____ 6,933 8.7Transportation and public utilities. . 56,652 September___ 46,567 January---------- 10,085 17.8

1926

All industries.............................. 990,383 September___ 898, Oil January______ 92,372 9.3

Agriculture________________ _ __ _ 7,948 July. 4,713 February_____ 3,235 40.7Construction 96,523 September___ 52,399 January______ 44,124 45.7Fisheries 448 M ay. 186 February_____ 262 58.5Manufactures__________ _ _ _ 633,794 September___ 594,753 December........ 39,041 6.2Mining and quarrying. 43,283 November____ 28,881 July.................. 14,402 33.3Service 74,852 June _ 67,554 January............ 7,298 9.7Trade, wholesale and retail . _ 84,522 December 76,801 February_____ 7,721 9.1Transportation and public utilities. . 65,395 July.................. 56,387 ........do ............... 9,008 13.8

1927

All industries _ _ ______ 953,784 June.. _ _ _ _ 869,457 December____ 84,327 8.8

Agriculture. ____ _ _ _ _____ 8,400 July ___ 5,304 February_____ 3,096 36.9Construction _ __ _ 100,433 August _ _ _ 56,921 January______ 43,512 43.3Fisheries 368 M ay. 172 February_____ 196 53.3Manufactures _____ 613,716 April_________ 558,384 December____ 55,332 9.0Mining and quarrying _ _____ 41,505 February_____ 15,124 M a y_________ 26,381 63.6Service. _ _______________ __________ 77,337 June_________ 70,541 January______ 6,796 8.8Trad, wholesale a^d retail 87,673 December 81,112 ........ do..... ......... 6,561 7.5Transportation and public utilities. _ 64,735 A n g u st___ 57,681 February 7,054 10.9

1928

All industries.............................. 993,705 September___ 843,462 January______ 150,243 15.1

Agriculture . . . _____ 9,464 July__________ 5,777 February_____ 3,687 39.0Construction 95,077 August 50,753 ........do________ 44*324 46.6Fisheries _ _ _____________ 342 M ay_________ 174 January______ 168 49.1Manufactures......................................... 632,655 September___ 558,766 73,889 11.7Mining and quarrying......................... 27,340 November____ 15,215 ____ do............... 12,125 44.3Service..................................................... 83,082 September___ 74,929 ___ do............... 8,153 9.8Trade, wholesale and retail_________ 89,394 December 79,815 February_____ 9,579 10.7Transportation and public utilities.. 67,149 October............ 56,009 -------do............... 11,140 16.6


FLUCTUATION OF EMPLOYMENT MALES 19T a b l e 6* Maximum and minimum employment of males in each industry group,



1929

All industries ................. .......

Agriculture.............................................Construction..........................................Fisheries.................................................Manufactures........................................Mining and quarrying. .......................Service...................................... ..............Trade, wholesale and retail.................Transportation and public utilities..

Maximum Minimum Variation frommayi'miim

Number M onth N um ber M onthNum

berPercent

1,054*154 July..................

____ do..............____ do________April_________M ay.................November____September___December........August.............

921,442 December-------

January...........____ do...............December-------

........do...............July..................January............

____ d o ...............February-------

132,712 12.6

10,05095,223

409683,54429,63792,12793,98064,680

5,91949,542

260580,22825,76182,09084,44656,820

4,13145*681

149103,316

3,87610,0379,5347,860

41.148.0 36.415.113.1 10.910.1 12.2

Table 7 affords an opportunity to compare fluctuation of employment of males when separated into three general occupation groups wage earners; bookkeepers, stenographers, and office clerks; and salespeople (not traveling). More than 85 per cent (90.8 per cent in 1914, 87 per cent in 1928, and 86.5 per cent in 1929) o f all males reported were classified as wage earners. Percentage fluctuations by occupation groups are shown later in a comparison of males and females.


Table 7. Males employed on 15th of each month, 1914 to 1J929, by general occupation groups, all industriesWAGE EARNERS

Month 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929

January........February__M arch_____April.............M ay..............June..............July.......... . .August_____September,,October........Novem ber. _ Decem ber...

506,382 508,932 520,377 499,731 495,475 498,981 492, 212 500,997 506,751 497,947 467,815 456,275

487,020 497,832 520,561 548,242 564,066 586,627 594,282 602, 860 625,196 625,615 631,445 641,942

652,933 678,846 696,426 713,872 731,814 757,849 760,937 782,368 787,714 786,695 791,732 784,181

778,608 784,206 806,869 807,687 834,262 841,435 836,019 838,796 833,892 828,832 825,720 792,912

772,970 781,332 806,330 809,424 825,067 841,721 846,043 846,087 815,337 813,956 798,021 780,039

746,632 728,824 729,349 739,627 745,909 776,592 811,202 840,732 846,850 809,230 799,261 848,478

872,289 860,455 889,981 890,084 878,195 905,398 901,813 872,547 864,024 829,421 767,451 704,389

596,858 579,562 575,569 583,881 581,939 593,329 574,033 580,733 586,728 593,125 594,365 575,490

548,049 568,020 593,433 586,485 625,466 667,264 676,944 720,130 739,039 744,790 749,822 760,159

743,620 758,249 790,175 800,489 819,683 837,221 817,273 824,501 809,167 801,284 789,321 766,101

762,095 775,821 786,955 789,457 764,470 732,970 730,615 739,427 753,125 755,834 735,982 733,989

744,327 751,323 768,799 787,303 803,413 811,604 813,300 821,051 832,815 837,381 823,889 810,449

787,792 791,315 799,553 822,718 834,308 850,225 850,052 857,378 875,444 868,512 844,820 814,244

778,089 801,947 822,755 815,022 824,944 836,494 821,371 820,379 820,216 800,513 768,493 749,785

725,946 749,362 772,858 795,457 820,932

'832,285 839,348 858,066 869,270 867,041 849,603 827,290

814,369 834,716 858,136 882,652 902,666 913,540 916,978 908,625 900,360 887,471 823,963

* 782,529

BOOKKEEPERS, STENOGRAPHERS, AND OFFICE CLERKS i

January____February___March..........April.............M ay.............June..............July............August.........September..October........N ovem ber..Decem ber...

34,864 34,663 34,750 35,200 35,116 35,340 35,499 35,521 35,293 34,984 34,581 34,790

37,284 37,274 37,644 37,852 38,299 39,009 39,418 39,807 40,024 40,297 40,585 41,127

43,096 43,667 44,714 44,989 45,463 46,298 47,121 47,808 47,786 48,031 48,400 48,856

49,668 50,151 50,589 51,089 51,397 52,062 52,602 52,764 52,290 52,015 52,130 51,949

54,128 54,227 54,85054.512 55,03255.512 55,392 54,770 53,269 52,068 52,133 52,056

53,778 54,419 55,255 56,001 56,746 57,935 59,689 61,670 61,486 61,933 63,094 64,169

65,586 66,605 67,448 68,081 68,244 68,561 68,957 68,208 66,382 64,676 63,407 62,385

59,934 58,886 58,167 57,278 56,874 56,170 55,511 55,268 54,787 54,423 54,471 54,417

54,759 54,983 55,360 55,816 56,576 57,823 58,728 59,110 59,326 59,353 59,733 59,987

61,813 62,381 63,308 63,700 64,289 65,028 65,750 65,986 65,730 65,661 65,663 65,812

67,497 67,775 67,872 68,218 67,867 67,690 68,192 68,206 67,964 67,700 67,626 67,762

68,572 68,799 69,091 69,357 69,584 70,172 70,981 71,269 71,205 71,208 71,374 71,359

71,862 72,181 72,65C 72,993 73,426 73,765 74,235 74,574 74,545 74,227 74,438 74,457

73,876 74,268 74,521 74,941 75,178 75,708 75,981 76,223 76,309 75,869 75,864 76,123

75,288 75,616 76,183 76,517 76,770 77,636 78,242 78,792 78,904 78,988 79,277 79,460

80,66281,29081,97482,52483,05983,87384,76185,40085,20884,80784,60984,189

SALESPEOPLE (NOT TRAVELING)

January........February___M arch..........April.............M ay..............June..............July..............August.........September. .October........N ovem ber-. December__

14,451 14,435 14,536 14,690 14,644 14,675 14,523 14,456 14,552 14,712 14,792 15,169

16,254 16,108 16,201 16,458 16,528 16,613 16,534 16,389 16,632 16,771 17,043 17,690

17,825 17,797 18,004 18,257 18,323 18,298 18,326 18,292 18,529 18,759 19,018 19,626

19,96920,06120,36020,36820.370 20,40620.370 20,218 20,331 20,296 20,434 20,991

20.39920.399 20,588 20,504 20,286 20,263 19,963 19,647 19,729 19,557 19,617 20,495

20,573 20,873 21,168 21,627 22,044 22,324 22,777 22,954 23,230 23,509 23,932 24,564

24,028 24,137 24,488 24,658 24,826 24,976 25,018 24,819 25,044 25,114 25,273 25,790

23,859 23,890 24,107 24,278 24,320 24,355 24,187 24,084 24,178 24,305 24,500 25,271

24,076 24,120 24,462 25,059 25,233 25,565 25,741 25,761 26,098 26,354 26,684 27,923

27,21227.448 28,015 28,255 28,506 29,017 29,094 28,890 29,53629.449 30,067 30,947

32,628 32,965 33,364 34,056 34,141 34,355 34,308 34,184 34,416 34,431 34,782 36,005

34,499 34,830 35,521 36,128 36,379 36,653 36,627 36, 751 36,827 37,254 37,517 38,397

38,357 38,493 39,114 39,900 40,176 40,186 40,124 40,167 40,394 40,773 41,215 42,273

39,951 40,072 40,572 40,477 41,370 41,582 41,436 41,405 41,719 41,821 42,207 43,549

42,228 42,464 43,240 43,827 44,215 44,715 44,720 44,891 45,531 45,906 46,200 47,734

48,489 48,797 50,013 51,057 51,737 52,248 52,415 52,617 53,375 53,773 53,792 54,724

i The monthly fluctuations of employment of office help in mining and quarrying were not reported and therefore the numbers have been added in as constants each year. Figures for mining and quarrying in 1914 to 1920, inclusive, include a small number of females (less than 300) which could not be segregated.


PART 1. SUMMARY 21

Fluctuation of Employment of FemalesTable 8 shows the fluctuation of employment of females each year

when the several industry groups are combined. The average for each year is also carried in this table. By comparing the data for females with the information shown in Table 2 for both sexes combined, it will be seen that females formed but 18.8 per cent of the total in 1914 but had increased to 23.1 per cent in 1929.T able 8 . Number of females covered by reports to the division of labor statistics,

Department of Industrial Relations of Ohio, 1914 to 1929

Year Maximum MinimumAverage

of 12 monthly reports

Year Maximum MinimumAverage

of 12 monthly reports

1014 130,068 151,231 177,122 192,973 230,458 239,676 242,669 202,206

122,781 132,902 151,180 177,150 189,285 209,820 217,235 190,218

126,478 140,334 164,009 182,902 213,155 220,081 234,961 195,486

1022_________ 224,643 245,245 248,713 266,861 279,275 284,664 301,222 313,416

189,470 220,251 230,147 239,065 253,728 260,958 261,946 287,221

204,125 234,496 238,426 250,612 264,106 272,395 278,974 302,339

1Q1K 1023_________Iplfi 1024_________1017 1925...................1018 1926 _______1010 1027 _______1090 1028 _______109.1 1929...................

Chart 4^ presents the fluctuation of employment of females each year. As in the preceding charts, the line is broken at the end of each year as the number of establishments is not the same from year to year. Within each year, however, the establishments are identical throughout the 12 months.

Table 9 shows the number of females reported employed on the 15tb of each month for each of the 16 years, 1914 to 1929. The first section shows the information for all industries combined. From a comparison of the section relating to manufactures in this table with the corresponding sections in Table 14, it will be seen that females formed 17 per cent of the total employed in that industry group in 1914, 18.8 per cent in 1928, and 18.9 per cent in 1929.


320,000Chart 4.FLUCTUATION OF EMPLOYMENT OF FEMALES IN ALL INDUSTRIES, 1014-1929 toto

PA

RT

1.

SU

MM

AR

Y


T a b l e 9* Females employed on 15th of each month, 1914 to 1929, by industry groupsALL INDUSTRIES i

Month 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929

January........F ebruary ...March..........April.............M a y .............June..............July..............August.........September..October........November. _ December__

128,385 129,188 130,068 128,764 126,848 125,401 122,781 123,411 126,644 127,041 124,228 124,983

132,902 135,233 138,687 138,493 138,007 139,137 136,524 137,919 143,028 146.213 148,635 151,231

151,180 154,926 158,479 161,947 161,087 162,702 163,246 163,442 168,268 172,022 173,689 177,122

177,602 177,150 180,834 180,055 178,745 181,068 180,231 181,015 185,946 189,418 189,790 192,973

189,285 193,271 199,731 201,913 204,456 216,295 219,199 221,238 226,133 228,798 230,458 227,078

214,387 211,969 211,447 211,031 209,820 213,526 217,779 221,897 225,920 229,482 234,035 239,676

233,119 233,346 238,592 240,267 239,635 242,605 242,669 238,388 237,044 231,985 224,652 217,235

193,905 195,217 197,104 196,732 195,170 195,246 19a 218 191,345 193,900 196,907 197,882 202,206

189,470 192,435 195,496 198,562 198,143 202,915 204,199 205,663 210,035 211,433 216,506 224,643

220,251 224,690 231,821 233,302 233,909 238,374 234,923 234,308 237,200 239,239 240,688 245,245

235,915 239,277 241,991 242,693 237,382 234,371 230,147 230,454 237,745 240,808 241,616 248,713

239.065 242,601 245,196 247,275 247,992248.065 244,560 247,998 255,881 260,403 261,448 266,861

253,728 256,062 260,254 261,523 261,487 261,390 257,570 260,743 268,942 273,964 274,332 279,275

260,958 264,204 268,639 271,202 270,468 271,265 268,332 270,201 277,415 281,532 279,860 284,664

261,946 266,618 271,281 272,092 274,337 278,546 276,755 278,769 286,054 290,349 289,724 301,222

287,221291,959295,890299,479301,418303,776301,850304,534311,985313,416307,254309,282

AGRICULTURE

January------- 166 271 283 316 347 386 366 391 340 334 436 477 556 590 652 727February___ 190 274 312 339 384 398 412 409 368 383 464 517 604 649 730 778M arch.......... 210 301 329 416 474 452 456 435 399 457 573 570 660 755 805 921April............. 246 353 377 478 576 494 540 557 467 536 680 792 871 1,021 1,027 1,178M ay.............. 251 360 389 464 561 476 561 488 506 573 675 780 928 992 1,081 1,170June.............. 220 371 456 593 684 599 544 539 484 632 696 696 975 1,060 1,106 1,228J u ly . . .......... 229 506 631 551 511 669 734 447 425 561 719 771 989 1,009 1,222 1,345August......... 191 294 402 492 526 456 480 415 408 471 600 627 774 791 967 962Septem ber.. 198 284 415 501 533 439 490 410 385 516 611 651 819 820 1,003 1,084October........ 196 283 381 439 541 451 480 382 347 468 552 598 813 806 977 1,007N ovem ber.. 166 251 306 369 457 365 425 352 334 414 498 548 700 679 779 865D ecem ber... 166 245 304 328 398 367 426 364 315 398 474 498 584 647 747 775

i Includes a small number of persons in some o f the years in industries not otherwise classified/ This number seldom exceeds 50.

toCO

FLUCTU

ATION

OF EM

PLOYM

ENT

FEMALES


T a b l e 9. Females employed on 15th of each month, 1914 to 1929, by industry groups ContinuedCONSTRUCTION

M onth 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929

January........ 587 661 788 977 1,237 1,406 1,678 1,406 1,300 1,489 1,904 2,003 2,256 2,239 2,283 2,423February. __ 585 665 810 984 1,247 1,405 1,686 1,388 1,299 1,513 1,915 2,011 2,256 2,249 2,281 2,443March.......... 599 665 824 999 1,300 1,442 1,747 1,409 1,335 1,541 1,928 2,022 2,295 2,275 2,308 2,462April............. 628 692 847 1,021 1,349 1,457 1,833 1,431 1,379 1,579 1,966 2,060 2,323 2,318 2,340 2,496M ay.............. 636 698 872 1,074 1,376 1,491 1,840 1,427 1,418 1,679 1,995 2,110 2,356 2,336 2,360 2,531June.............. 670 702 884 1,094 1,487 1,532 1,856 1,445 1,427 1,680 2,025 2,135 2,410 2,378 2,408 2,603July............... 640 698 901 1,151 1,527 1,574 1,847 1,415 1,402 1,687 2,033 2,176 2,438 2,361 2,435 2,615August_____ 641 690 899 1,122 1,572 1,597 1,840 1,392 1,423 1,680 2,012 2,180 2,463 2,379 2,473 2,625September. _ 661 704 908 1,143 1,566 1,622 1,828 1,411 1,415 1,647 2,028 2,173 2,447 2,368 2,464 2,598October........ 649 713 926 1,125 1,566 1,644 1,823 1,430 1,434 1,687 2,044 2,152 2,466 2,365 2,477 2,646N ovem ber.. 625 709 928 1,124 1,544 1,661 1,786 1,413 1,445 1,701 2,013 2,142 2,468 2,384 2,490 2,616D ecem ber... 616 706 928 1,122 1,526 1,660 1,782 1,412 1,448 1,689 2,006 2,111 2,449 2,364 2,473 2,584

FISHERIES

January____ 5 10 10 12 14 26 24 22 20 1 12February___ 5 11 10 12 13 26 23 22 20 1 12March_____ 6 13 12 14 15 27 24 23 22 1 12April_______ 6 19 13 15 18 28 26 23 24 1 13M ay_______ 6 19 13 18 23 30 26 24 26 1 14June_______ 6 18 12 18 22 29 29 23 24 1 14July 5 15 12 15 20 29 25 22 23 1 14August 5 14 11 15 22 30 26 22 22 1 14September. _ 5 14 13 15 21 31 26 22 23 1 14October........ 5 14 12 17 25 31 27 22 22 1 14November __ 5 14 12 17 24 31 27 22 23 1 13Decem ber... 5 12 10 17 23 29 26 21 23 1 13

PART

1.SU

MM

ARY


MANUFACTURES

January., F ebruary ...March___AprU____M ay_____June........July.........August__ _September-.October____N ovem ber-. December

83,386 84,847 84,785 82,241 80,793 79,723 78,296 80,030 81,722 81,254 78,089 76,251

81,845 85,617 87,358 86,080 85,314 86,522 85,288 87,515 90,791 92,447 92,402

94,454 98,671

100,509 101,686 101,169 102,538 103,181 104,690 106,958 108,841 109,147 108,930

110,099 110,738 111,398 109,238 107,990 109,568 108,892 110,494 113,556 116,134 116,166 115,683

114.183 117,895 121,850 123,808 126,157135.183 138,493 140,881 143,604 145,519 146,151 138,784

128,980 126,483 125,205 123,482 122,514 125,547 129,854 134,500 137,027 139,826 142,379 144,551

139,204 139,967 142,988 143,193 142,083 143,919 142,898 139,593 137,260 131,481 123,211 112,408

102,116 105,323 105,915 105,698 104,846 104,966 101,688 104,549 106,460 107,849 108,256 106,993

100,942 105,010 106,545 107,078 107,438 110,553 112,000 114,585 117,085 116,171 118,018 119,758

122,262 127,024 131,462 131,652 131,143 133,601 130,737 130,995 131,205 132,617 131,753 129,188

127,071 130,084 130,637 128,949 124,980 121,986 119,032 120,897 126,300 128,378 127,370 126,242

125,398 128,870 129,929 129,416 129,829 129,106 127,797 131,203 137,109 138,907 138,152 134,229

131,745 134,583 136,991 136,437 135,144 135,096 133,132 136,809 141,803 143,680 142,186 136,970

132,564 136,366 138,518 137,272 136,974 136,638 135,665 138,254 143,617 145,070 142,112 136,596

131,008 135,648 137,606 136,266 137,202 139,800 139,543 143,065 146,837 149,132 146,610 145,125

146,522 151,187 151,378 151,709 152,276 152,454 152,524 156,174 160,879 159,731 153,121 144,285

MINING AND QUARRYING

C a l e n d a ryear2_____ 265 252 246 200 158 164 164 127 133

SERVICE

JanuaryFebruary___M a rc h .. .. . .April.............May........June..............July..............August.........September _.October........Novem ber. _ December.

10,245 10,142 10,209 10,298 10,491 10,526 10,404 10,250 10,216 10,061 10,023 9,859

12,147 12,084 12,245 12,442 12,612 12,936 12,863 12,939 12,662 12,625 12,571 12,557

13,747 13,819 13,954 14,158 14,429 14,913 15,142 15,170 15,004 14,894 14,884 14,464

16,632 16,733 17,055 17,264 17,527 18,048 18,152 18,321 17,979 17,826 17,518 17,403

18,846 18,974 19,220 19,696 20,007 20,720 20,843 21,016 21,050 20,465 20,471 20,638

20,84220,91021,05821,33121,63422.040 22,089 22,125 21,79722.040 21,824 21,732

24,29424,47724,83225,15525,50626,08926,40126,49326,62726,61926,46525,975

26,08126,08426,26426,48226,46126,63826,31725,72525,71025,61625,45325,352

25,52225,62926,01426,05826,48027,38327,12927,09927,45427,68727,66228,019

29,606 29,863 30,174 30,556 31,256 32,40032.279 32; 204 32,759 32,684 32,44232.280

34,48734,71534,92535,72336,07536,49736,00835,61035,81535,91935,69435,494

45,459 45,760 46,149 46,830 47,473

47,44947,50048,12448,38147,93947,986

50,167 50,380 50,896 51,459 52,368 52,901 52,371 52; 392 52,981 54,216 53,870 54,100

53,94054,06154,74555,46256,06356,95656,38755,98056,75156,91556,55856,377

56,524 56,792 57,351 58,043 58,908 59,642 58,757 58,892 59,829 59,927 59,818

62,299 62,272 63,173 64,214 65,053 66,301 65,810 65,530 66,378 66,375 65,740 65,598

2 A small number of females (less than 300) were employed in 1914 to 1920, inclusive, as office help but could not be segregated from mates. Number employed each month, 1921 to 1929, not reported sepatately.

fcOCJ1

FLUCTU

ATION

OF EM

PLOYM

ENT

FEMALES


Table 9 . Females employed on 15th of each month, 1914 to 1929, by industry groups ContinuedTRADE, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

M onth 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929

January........F ebruary -..M arch..........April.............M a y .............June..............J u ly . . . ........August.........September..October........N ovem ber. _ Decem ber...

26,86026,34227,12728,03027,38026,81125,68924,76526,40827,67528,19831,033

28,461 27,441 28,876 29,547 29,588 28,642 27,582 26,925 29,012 30,659 31,193 34,758

32,238 31,531 32,906 34,918 34,057 33,467 32,792 31,495 34,259 36,277 37,427 41,521

37,820 36,448 38,724 39,513 38,856 38,585 38,110 37,181 39,518 40,430 40,983 44,657

40,71540,47642,45242,05141,90742^71742,36441,82743,99244,92345,97849,804

46,60446,58947,35448,55948,12948,29248,17848,05349,84950,43652,61356,041

51,871 51,16152.688 53,335 53,202 53,171 53,239 52,69353.689 54,220 55,354 59,466

48,20946,51247,68847,41946,68446,36845,02744,05144,87046,62047,50853,231

46,391 45,216 46,301 48,786 47,365 47,781 47,595 46,622 48,119 50,357 53,461 59,560

50,73350,12652,00152,61752,74053,27152,68951,88454,21755,13957,69564,825

55,21655,08356,80958,24256,52555,92955,06554,20256,30257,34159,52467,753

49,52849,05049,90051,50350,97750,73249,13349,14850,53053,00455,12164,265

50,60849,85051,04552,00152,16151,48649,95749,64252,35754,20156,41866,361

53,458 52,655 54,019 56,582 55,392 55,252 53,599 53,601 54,756 57,365 59,068 70,118

53,21152,78354.70955.709 55,670 56,032 55,075 53,773 56,465 58,433 60,524 73,635

55,45855,35057,65359,14259,37659,74257,92857,68559,69962,60063,51474,859

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

January.___ 7,146 9,507 9,660 11,746 13,943 16,143 15,682 15,415 14,703 15,538 16,581 16,023 18,214 17,987 18,127 19,647February___ 7,077 9,141 9,773 11,896 14,282 16,158 15,620 15,214 14,641 15,492 16,796 16,216 18,207 18,044 18,243 19,784M arch.......... 7,132 9,229 9,945 12,228 14,420 15,909 15,857 15,105 14,628 15,893 16,899 16,390 18,185 18,143 18,360 20,158April............. 7,315 9,360 9,948 12,526 14,415 15,680 16,185 14,857 14,518 16,070 16,911 16,497 18,249 18,365 18,565 20,594M a y .............. 7,291 9,416 10,158 12,816 14,425 15,546 16,417 14,975 14,658 16,221 16,910 16,646 18,344 18,528 18,974 20,865June.............. 7,445 9,946 10,432 13,162 15,482 15,487 16,997 15,002 15,011 16,494 17,016 16,886 18,336 18,799 19,416 21,301July_____. . . 7,518 9,572 10,587 13,360 15,441 15,386 17,525 15,037 15,373 16,678 17,069 17,057 18,499 19,129 19,581 21,481August......... 7,529 9,542 10,775 13,390 15,394 15,136 17,263 14,926 15,252 16,782 16,914 17,163 18,479 19,014 19,457 21,411September. . 7,434 9,561 10,711 13,234 15,367 15,155 17,124 14,752 15,302 16,566 16,470 17,117 18,350 18,921 19,314 21,200October........ 7,201 9,472 10,691 13,447 15,759 15,054 17,335 14,723 15,163 16,353 16,355 17,185 18,403 18,829 19,261 20,910Novem ber. _ 7,122 9,495 10,985 13,613 15,833 15,162 17,384 14,613 15,311 16,390 16,298 17,371 18,506 18,877 19,361 21,252December__ 7,053 9,915 10,965 13,763 15,905 15,296 17,152 14,568 15,268 16,572 16,526 17,598 18,629 18,381 19,432 21,035

PART 1.SU

MM

ARY


Chart 5.FLUCTUATION OF EMPLOYMENT OF FEMALES IN MANUFACTURES, 1914-1929

$

FLUCTU

ATION

OF EM

PLOYM

ENT

FEMALES


Chart 6.F L U C T U A T IO N OF E M P L O Y M E N T OF FE M A LES IN R E T A IL A N D W H O LE SA LE T R A D E , 1914-1929 t o00

PART 1.

SUM

MARY


FLUCTUATION OF EMPLOYMENT FEMALES 29Charts 5 and 6 show, respectively, the fluctuation of employment

of females in manufactures and in retail and wholesale trade in each of the 16 years. Manufactures included 64 per cent of all females reported in 1914, 60.4 per cent in 1928, and 50.5 per cent in 1929.

Table 10 compares the industry groups with reference to fluctuation of employment of females within each of the 16 years. The fluctuation of employment of females in the all industries group varied from 5.6 per cent to 17.9 per cent. The fluctuation was below 10 per cent in 7 years, between 10 and 15 per cent in 7 years, and above 15 per cent in 2 years.

Considering the four industry groups (manufactures, service, wholesale and retail trade, and transportation and public utilities) in which considerable numbers of females were reported, the widest fluctuation occurred in# wholesale and retail trade in all years except 1918 and 1920 when it occurred in manufactures. The second widest fluctuation occurred in manufactures in 12 years, in wholesale and retail trade in 2 years, in transportation and public utilities in 1 year, and in service in 1 year.

T a b l e 10. Maximum and minimum employment of females in each industry group,1914 to 1929

Maximum MinimumYear and industry group

Number Month Num ber M onth

1914

All industries.

Agriculture..............

130,068

251

March.

M a y -

Construction.

Fisheries.

Manufactures.........................................Service.....................................................Trade, wholesale and retail.................Transportation and public utilities. .

670 June.[March.A p ril-[M ay

84,84710,52631,0337,529

February.June..........December. August___

1915

122,781

166

585

76,2519,859

24,7657,053

J u ly . . ..............

[January...........{N ovem ber___l December.___February____

{January, February, and June to December.December____........d o . . ...........August.............December........

All industries 151,231 December.

Agriculture. . Construction.Fisheries........Manufactures.........................................Service...................................... ..............Trade, wholesale and retail.................Transportation and public utilities..

12,93934,7589,946

July-----October.

/April___l M ay--------

December.August___December. June..........

132,902

245661

:} . 81,845. 12,084. 26,925

9,141

January...........

December........January.___ ...

........d o ..............

........do...............February.........August.............February.........

1916

All industries.

A gricu lture...........Construction...........

Fisheries.................................................

Manufactures.........................................Service.....................................................Trade, wholesale and retail.................Transportation and public utilities..

177,122

m928

13

109,147 15,170 41,521 10,985

December........

July..................Novem ber___December-___April................M ay.................September___November-----August.............December.___November___

151,180

283" 788

10

94,45413,74731,4959,660

January...........

........do...............____ do...............[ . . . .d o ..............{February.........[December____January...........

........d o . . ...........August.............January...........

1 Not computed owing to small number Involved.

66429 32 3

Variation frommaYimiim

Num Perber cent

7,287 5.6

[ 85 33.9J

85) 12.7

(9J8,596 10.1

667 6.36,268 20.2

476 6.3

18,829 12.1

261 51.652 7.39 (9

11,193 12.0855 6.6

7,833 22.5805 8.1

25,942 14.6

348 55.2140 15.1

} 3 (914,693 13.51,423 9.4

10,026 24.11,325 12.1


30 PART 1. SUMMARYT a b l e 10. Maximum and minimum employment of females in each industry group,


Year and Industry group

Maximum Minimum Variation frommaximum

Number Month Number MonthNum

berPercent

1917

All industries_________ ______ 192,973 December........ 177,150 February_____ 15,823 8.2

Agriculture________________________ 593 June_________ 316 January______ 277 46.7Construction,, _ 1,151 July_________ 977 ____ d o . . ........... 174 15.1Fisheries.................................................. 18 /M a y .................\June_________ } 12

/ ___ do...............\ February_____ } 6 0

Manufactures______________________ 116,166 November___ 107,990 M ay_________ 8,176 7.0Service_____ ________ _____________ - 18,321 August 16,632 January______ 1,689 9.2Trade, wholesale and rfttn.il 44,657 December __ 36,448 February_____ 8,209 18.4Transportation and public utilities.. 13,763 ____ do............... 11,746 January............ 2,017 14.7

1918

All industries.............................. 230,458 November----- 189,285 January............ 41,173 17.9Agriculture 684 June_________ 347 ____ do________ 337 49.3Onnst.mnt.irrn _____ 1,572 August 1,237 ........do________ 335 21.3Fisheries________ __________________ 25 October 13 February_____ 12 0)Manufactures________ __________ __ 146,151 November___ 114,183 January ___ 31,968 21.9Service...................... ............................. 21,050 September___ 18,846 ........do............... 2,204 10.5Trade, wholesale and retail 49,804 December 40,476 February_____ 9,328 18.7Transportation and public utilities.. 15,905 ____ do............... 13,943 January........... 1,962 12.3

1919

All industries_ ..... _ 239,676 December 209,820 M ay _... 29,856 12.5Agriculture 669 July__________ 365 November___ 304 45.4Construction 1,661 November___ 1,405 February _ 256 15.4Fisheries _ _ __ . ... 31

\ September___f October l 26 / January______ I 5 (0[November___ 1 \ February_____

Manufactures 144,551 December __ 122,514 M ay . 22,037 15.2Service........... ......................... ............. 22,125 August 20,842 January 1,283 5.8Trade, wholesale and retail___ . . . 56,041 December 46,589 February_____ 9,452 16.9Transportation and public utilities.. 16,158 February 15,054 October 1,104 6.8

1920All industries ____ ,, 242,669 July. _______ 217,235 December _ 25,434 10.5

Agriculture 734 ____ do________ 366 January, 368 50.1Construction 1,856 June_________ 1,678 ____ do________ 178 9.6Fisheries _ _ . . . ____ 29 ____ do________ 23 February 6 (i)Manufactures_________________ ____ 143,919 ........do............... 112,408 December _ _ 31,511 21.9Service... 26,627 September___ 24,294 January 2,333 8.8Trade, wholesale and retail 59,466 December 51,161 February 8,305 14.0Transportation and public utilities.. 17,525 July.............. 15,620 1,905 10.9

1921

All industries .. 202,206 D ecem ber 1T_ _ 190,218 July . _ 11,988 5.9

Agriculture 557 April 352 November___ 205 36.8Construction_______________________ 1,445 June 1,388 February 57 3.9Fisheries_______________ __________ 24 M a y 21 D ecem ber 3 (i)M anufactures 108,256 November___ 101,688 J u ly _ . 6,568 6.1Service. 26,638 June 25,352 Decem ber..._ 1,286 4.8Trade, w holesale and reta 1 _ ___ 53,231 December____ 44,051 August 9,180 17.2Transportation and public utilities.. 15,415 J a n u ary , 14,568 D ecem ber 847 5.5

1922

All industries 224,643 D ecem ber 189,470 January______ 35,173 15.7Agriculture 506 M a y 315 D ecem ber 191 37.7C onstru ction.. ___ 1,448 D ecem ber. 1,299 February_____ 149 10.3Fisheries. . _ ... ___ 26 M a y . . . 20 /January........... ) 6 0\ February_____ JManufactures__________ ____ ______ 119,758 D ecem ber _ 100,942 January 18,816 15.7Service___________ ______ __________ 28,019 do 25,522 ____ do________ 2,497 8.9Trade, wholesale and reta il________ 59,560 ____ do________ 45,216 F eb ru a ry , 14,344 24.1Transportation and public utilities.. 15,373 July.................. 14,518 April-------------- 855 5.6

1 N ot computed owing to small number involved.


FLUCTUATION OF EMPLOYMENT FEMALES 31T able 10. Maximum and minimum employment of females in each industry group,



Maximum

Number Month

Minimum Variation from maximum

Number Month

Number

Percent

1923All industries..

Agriculture...........................................Construction........................................Fisheries................. ............................Manufactures.......................................Service..................................................Trade, wholesale and retail________Transportation and public utilities.

1924All industries............................

Agriculture...........................................Construction.......................................Manufactures......................................Service............. ............ ..................Trade, wholesale and retail________Transportation and public utilities.

1925All industries............................

Agriculture................................. .........Construction.......................................Manufactures....................................Service...................... ..........................Trade, wholesale and retail________Transportation and public utilities.

1926All industries_____ _____ ____

Agriculture.......................................Construction........................................Manufactures.......................................Service____________________________Trade,"wholesale and retail...............Transportation and public utilities.

1927All industries.............................

Agriculture...........................................Construction........................................Manufactures.....................................Service..................................................Trade, wholesale and retail...............Transportation and public utilities.

1928All industries............................

Agriculture...........................................Construction........................................Manufactures...... ............................ .Service............. ...................................Trade, wholesale and retail________Transportation and public utilities.

1929All industries..................... .......

Agriculture... Construction.. Fisheries.........

Manufactures........................................Service................................................... .Trade, wholesale and retail____ ____Transportation and public utilities..

245,245

6321,701(2)

133,601 32,759 64,825 16,782

248,713

719 2,044

130,637 36,497 67,753 17,069

266,861

792 2,180

138,907 48,381 64,265 17,598

279,275

2,468143,680 54,216 66,361 18,629

284,664

1,060 2,384

145,070 56,956 70,118 19,129

301,222

1,222 2,490

149,132 59,927 73,635 19,581

313,416

1,3452,646

14

160,879 66,378 74,859 21,481

December.

June..........November.t (2)June..........September. December- August___

December.

July...........O ctober...March____June______December. July...........

December___

April...........August.......October____

........do_____December..

........do.........

December..

July............ .November..October_______do____December..

........do.........

December..

June............November.October___June............December.. July............

December..

July............November.October___

____do.........December.. July.........

October..

July.................October______M ay to Octo

ber.September___

........do..............December.......July.................

220,251

3341,489(2)

122,262 29,606 50,126 15,492

10,147

1,904119,03234,48754,20216,298

239,065

477 2,003

125,398 45,459 49,050 16,023

253,728

5562,256

131,745 50,167 49,642 18,185

260,958

2,239 132,564 53,940 52,655 17,987

261,946

6522,281

131,00856,52452,78318,127

287,221

7272,423

12144,28562,27255,35019,647

January___

........do_________do..........T (2)January___

........do......... .February...

____ do_____

July............

January............do_____July.............January___August........November..

January___

........do.........

........do_____

........do..........------do_____February... January____

January____

.d o ......... .January......... \February____/January..........____do________August........... .March............ .

January.........

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