- orderly classification of items according to a systematic relationship (low to high, small to big, or simple to complex)

He was one of the greatest minds to influence the field of education. He was born on February 21, 1913 in Lansford, Pennsylvania. As a young man, he was already an avid reader and curious researcher.

Bloom’s most recognized and highly regarded initial work spawned from his collaboration with his mentor and fellow examiner Ralph W. Tyler and came to be known as Bloom’s Taxonomy.

These ideas are highlighted in his third publication, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Handbook I, The Cognitive Domain. He later wrote a second handbook for the taxonomy in 1964, which focuses on the affective domain. Bloom’s research in early childhood education, published in his 1964 Stability and Change in Human Characteristics sparked widespread interest in children and learning and eventually and directly led to the formation of the Head Start program in America. In all, Bloom wrote or collaborated on eighteen publications from 1948-1993.

Fire AlarmObservations of both elementary and secondary classrooms has shown that teachers significantly overuse knowledge questions. In fact, during the course of an average day, many teachers will ask upward of 300 or more knowledge-based questions.

Analysis is the ability to break down material

into its component

parts.

To analyze requires students to identify reasons, causes or motives and reach conclusions and generalization.

analyzedistinguishexaminecomparecontrast

investigate

categorizeidentifyexplain

separateadvertise

What are some of the factors that cause rust?

Why did the United States go to war with England?

What literary devices did the writer use to make the selection interesting to the readers?

Conduct an investigation to

produce information to support a view.

Make a flow chart to show the critical stages of human

development.

Review a work of art in terms of form, color and texture.

Construct a bar graph to illustrate

selected information.

Write a commercial to sell a new product.

Synthesis questions challenge

students to engage in creative and original thinking.

These questions invite students to produce original ideas and solve problems.

• create• invent

compose

• plan• construct

predict• design• propose

formulate

1• How would your life be different

if you could breathe under water?

2• How would you assemble these

items to create a windmill?

3• What other things can you save

in order to economize?

Create a new product. Give it a name and plan a marketing campaign.

Compose a rhythm or put new words to a known melody.

Make up a new language code and write material using it.

Evaluation requires an

individual to make a judgment about

something.

Evaluation questions do not have single right

answers.

judgeselectdecide

choosejustifydebateassess

verifyargue

recommend

discussrate

determineprioritize

Prove that the ant did right in storing food for the rainy day.

Did the grasshopper deserve to go hungry? Cite reasons for your

answer.

What can you say about people who recklessly spend their salary without thinking of saving a portion of it for

future use? What advice can you give them?

Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest.

Write a letter to ... advising on changes needed at...

Prepare a list of criteria to judge a ... show. Indicate priority and ratings.

Expert OpinionNever end a presentation by asking, “Are there any questions?” This is the surest way to turn off students. Instead, say something like, “Take five minutes and write down two questions you have about the lesson. Share those questions and discuss possible answers with a partner.”

*** Knowledge ***

Who are in the picture?

Where was this picture taken?

*** Comprehension ***

What is happening in this picture?

Why are these children dressed like

this?

*** Application ***How would you

describe the photograph to others?What caption would

you write for this photograph?

*** Analysis ***Why are these

children here and not in school?

What do you know about their lives

based on this photo?

*** Synthesis ***What might these children say about

their work in an interview setting?

What might they say about their future?

Level 2. ComprehensionWhat is happening in this picture?Why are these boys dressed like this?

*** Evaluation ***

What is the significance of this photo for the time period depicted?

Compare this photo with one of the

children in a subdivision of the

same age. How are their lives similar?

How are they different?

During the 1990's, a former student of Bloom's, Lorin Anderson, led a new assembly which met for the purpose of updating the taxonomy, hoping to add relevance for 21st century students and teachers.

The changes occur in three broad categories: terminology, structure, and emphasis.

Bloom's six major categories were changed from noun to verb forms.

The new terms are defined as:

Remembering: Retrieving, recognizing, and recalling relevant knowledge from long-term memory.

Understanding: Constructing meaning from oral, written, and graphic messages through interpreting, exemplifying, classifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing, and explaining.

Applying: Carrying out or using a procedure through executing, or implementing.

Analyzing: Breaking material into constituent parts, determining how the parts relate to one another and to an overall structure or purpose through differentiating, organizing, and attributing.

Evaluating: Making judgments based on criteria and standards through checking and critiquing.

Creating: Putting elements together to form a coherent or functional whole; reorganizing elements into a new pattern or structure through generating, planning, or producing.

STRUCTURAL CHANGESThe Knowledge Dimension

The Cognitive Process Dimension

Remember Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create

Factual Knowledge

List Summarize Classify Order Rank Combine

Conceptual Knowledge

Describe Interpret Experiment Explain Assess Plan

Procedural Knowledge

Tabulate Predict Calculate Differentiate Conclude Compose

Meta-Cognitive Knowledge

Appropriate Use

Execute Construct Achieve Action Actualize

Changes in EmphasisThe revised version of the taxonomy is intended for a much broader audience. Emphasis is placed upon its use as a "more authentic tool for curriculum planning, instructional delivery and assessment“.

Reporter:MISS FLORABEL M. BIASONG

ABUYOD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL