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Bloodtransfusion 130825104600-phpapp01
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Transcript of Bloodtransfusion 130825104600-phpapp01
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Blood Component Therapy
Muhammad Abdullah
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Blood Component Therapy
• A major advance in the field of blood banking has been the development of blood component therapy
• The basic philosophy is based on the concept that patients are best treated by administration of the specific fraction of blood that they lack
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Scheme for separation of whole blood for component therapy.
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Whole Blood
• • WHOLE BLOOD is Unseparated blood containing an anticoagulent – preservative solution….
• 1 unit of whole blood contains…..• •450ml of Donor Blood.• •50ml of Anticoagulent-Preservative Solution.• •Haemoglobin approx.12g/ml & Haematocrit 35%-45%.• No Functional Platelets…..•Since it is not sterilized , capable of transmitting any agent present in
cells or plasma which has not been detected by routine screening…
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• However whole blood transfusion has significant over packed cells as
• coagulation factor rich…• And if fresh more metabolically active….• Stored b/w +2 and +6 Deg. C in blood bank
refrigerator…• Transfusion should be started within 30 min.of
removal from refrigerator and completed within 4 hrs. b/c changes may occur due to red cell metabolism..
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Indications
• Red cell replacemant in acute blood loss with hypovolaemia
• Exchange transfusion• Contraindications• Chronic anemia..• Incipient Cardiac failure…
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Packed Red Cells
• Packed red cells are cells that are spun down and concentrated.
• 1 unit of packed red cell is approx.330ml and has a haematocrit of 50 – 70 %..
• They are stored in SAG-M (Saline-Adenine-Glucose-Mannitol) to inc.shelf life upto 5 weeks at 2-6 deg. C …
• It carries same infection risk as whole blood.
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Indications
• Replacement of cells in Anemic pt.• Also used with crystalloid and colloid solutions in
acute blood loss conditions.
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Platelets
• Platelets are supplied as pooled platelet concentrate containing about 250 x 10 9 cells per litter.
• Platelets are stored at room temp. and have a shelf life of only 5 days.
• Are usually given to pt. of thrombocytopenia or with platelet dysfunction who are bleeding and undergoing surgery and in pt. with bone marrow failure…
• Not Indicated in……. Pt. with ITP , TTP ,untreated DIC and in cases of Hpersplenisim..
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Complications
• Febrile and allergic urticarial reactions are common especially pt. receiving multiple transfusion…
• Bacterial contamination, mainly from platelet concentrates, is the third leading cause of transfusion-related deaths.
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Fresh Frozen Plasma
• FRESH FROZEN PLASMA IS RICH IN plasma proteins especially ( V and VIII ) coagulation factor..
• IT IS SEPARATED FROM WHOLE BLOOD AND STORED AT-40TO-50 DEG. C WITH 2 YEAR SHELF-LIFE.
• Indications..• IT IS THE FIRST LINE THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF
COAGULOPATHIC HAEMORRHAGE…• Replacement of isolated factor deficiencies…
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• In cases of antithrombin- III deficiency. • Treatment of Immunodeficiencies .• Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura.• Massive blood transfusion (rarely and only when factors V
and VIII are less than 25% of normal) .• Liver disease.
• Precautions…• Acute allergic reactions , severe life threatening
anaphylactic reactions ,
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Cryoprecipitate
• Cryoprecipitate :Cryoprecipitate contains factor VIII:C (i.e.,
procoagulant activity), factor VIII:vWF (i.e., von Willebrand factor), fibrinogen, factor XIII, and fibronectin, which is a glycoprotein that may play a role in reticuloendothelial clearance of foreign particles and bacteria from the blood.
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• Cryoprecipitate should be administered through a filter and as rapidly as possible.
• The rate of administration should be at least 200 mL/hr, and infusion should be completed within 6 hours of thawing.
• Indication : Haemophilia A ,Von Willbrand’s disease,Fibrinogen deficiency,Factor XIII deficiency.
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Thank you...