BLOODDISORDERS-MEDSURG-small0010-3616144

8/13/2019 BLOODDISORDERS-MEDSURG-small0010-3616144

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BLOOD DISORDERS - MEDSURGStudy this set online at: http://www.cram.com/flashcards/3616144

Most common cause of DIC

sepsis, promyelocyticleukemia

Potential complications of DIC

Renal failure, Gangrene,PE, ALOC, ARDS, Stroke

Bleeding characterized by low platelet andfibrinogen levels, prolonged PT PTT and thrombintime and elevated fibrin degradation products (D-

dimers)

DICCharacterized by massive amounts

of microthrombi with bleeding DICMost common form of

anemiaIRON DEFICIENCY

ANEMIA

Anemia with a soretongue (GLOSSITIS)

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Involves admin of z-trackinjection of iron


Megaloblastic anemia withpallor due to lack of folic acid

FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY ANEMIA


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Lack of intrinsic factor PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

Bone marrow depressed due todrugs or fever with bleeding from

mucous membranes APLASTICThalassemia, G6PD,

sickle cell HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS

Ant ibodies make the plateletssusceptible to phagocytosis ITPIncreased Hgb levels with

purple red complexion POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

Integumentary changes toanemia

PALLOR JAUNDICE ANDPRURITIS

Cardio changes to anemia increased HR AND STROKEVOLUME, ANGINA AND MI

RBC indices MCV, RDW


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Nsg Dx to anemia Acivit y intolerance, ImBALANCED

NUTRITION LESS THAN BODYREQUIREMENTS

Patient teaching toanemia PTs

NUTRITIONAL INTAKE, DRUGTHERAPY COMPLIANCE

Diagnosis iron deficiencyanemia

GUIAC TEST, ENDOSCOPY,COLONOSCOPY, LABS ret count,

TIBC

A genetic disorder of inadequateproduction of normal HgB THALASSEMIA

T or F with hemolytic anemiaplatelet is normal to high trueWith this anemia Body

adapts to decreased HgB THALASSEMIA MINOR

With this anemia Blood t ransfusionsare combined with desferal THALASSEMIA MAJOR

Characterized by large RBCswith impaired DNA synthesis

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA


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Anemia thats either congenital or idiopathic APLASTIC

Normocytic normochromicanemia APLASTIC

Destruction or hemolysis of RBCsat a rate that exceeds production HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

Third major cause of anemia HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

s/s of hemolytic anemiaJAUNDICE, SPLENOMEGALY,

HEPTOMEGALY, TUBULARNECROSIS

A genet ic disorder with presence of Hbs causing RBC to st iff en and

elongateSICKLE CELL DISEASE

Primary s/s of sickle cellcrisis

PAIN AND SWELLING,PALLOR, FATIGUE

Complications of sicklecell disease

ACUTE SPLENIC SEQUESTRATION CRISIS,STROKE, ACUTE CHEST SYNDROME, PRIAPISM,

IRON OVERLOAD DUE TO TRANSFUSIONS


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Dx of sickle cellSMEARS, SICKLING TEST,

ELECTROPHORESIS OF HGB,DNA, XRAY, MRI

Patient teaching for sicklecell

AVOID HIGH ALTITUDES, FLUIDINTAKE, TREAT INFECTIONS AND

PAIN

Care of sickle cellO2 ADMIN, PAIN MGMT, FOLIC

ACID, TRANSFUSIONS,HYROXYUREA, BMT

Bleeding disorder by lack of clotting factor VIII or factor IX HEMOPHILIA

What to check beforetransfusion

ID, CONSENT, PROCEDURE,VS, ORDER, TRIPLE CHECK

When picking up blood MATCH PT WITH BLOOD, EXPIRY

DATE, 2nd RN verify, SIGN SLIP,ORDERS

When prepping for transfusing

STERILE TECHNIQUE, 18/20 G IVCATH, Y-TUBING C NS, VITALS

To start transfusion..check PT ID, FLUSH IV, HANG AND

CHECK FILTER, TITRATE SLOW,VITALS


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After transfusion. VITALS, FLUSH, ASSESSMENT,OBTAIN LABS,"", DOCUMENT

Two major components of blood plasma 55% , cells 45%

Types of leukocytes granulocytes andagranulocytes

Types of granulocytes EOSINOPHILS, BASOPHILS,NEUTROPHILS

Types of agranulocytesLYMPHOCYTE AND

MONOCYTE

Most common form of leukocytewith phagocytic function NEUTROPHIL

How do you know if neutrophil is mature

PRESENCE OF SEGMENTEDNUCLEUS (seg)

How do you know if neutrophil is immature

PRESENCE OF BANDS INNUCLEUS


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Life span of neutrophils 3daysDefends against parasite,

contains histamine EOSINOPHILS

Does phagocytosis withhistamine, serotonin and heparin

BASOPHILSCombats viral infections LYMPHOCYTES

Phagocytize and becomemacrophages MONOCYTES

How much seniors have anemia;how much in senior homes? 2% 40%

Life span of platelets 5-9 daysCells that release

thrombocytes into circulationMEGAKARYOCYTES

from bone marrow


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Four components of normal hemostasis

VASCULAR RESPONSE, REFORMATION o f PLATELET, DEVELOPMENT OF CLOTTING,

LYSIS OF CLOT

Able to produce RBC duringfetal devt; next to kidney SPLEEN

Removes old RBCs, removes HgB,filters bacteria, stores

immunoglobulins, RBCs

SPLEENSite of BM aspiration POSTERIOR ILIACCREST

What happens duringtransfusion rxn?

Blood hemolysis, AGGLUTINATION AND CLUMPING

Universal recipient ab

Origin of T-Cells thymusWhats deficient in Renal

Dialysis PTs? ERYTHROPOEITIN


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Chronic, microcytic, hypochromicanemia, may be asymptomatic


Decrease in myeloid stemcells

PANCYTOPENIA inaplastic anemia

What happens during aschilling test?

Radioactive b12 isinjected with oral b12

Anemia with sphericalRBCs

HEREDITARYSPHEROCYTOSIS

BMT offers cure beforeliver damage occurs thalassemiA

Anemia with hypochromiaand microcytosis, hemolysis thalassemia

Treatment of B-thalassemiadue to long term transfusion DESFERALTreatment for acute iron

toxicity DESFERAL


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Management of InheritedHemolytic Anemias

SPLENECTOMY, O2 ADMIN,BLOOD TRANSFUSION

Common cause of sicklecell crisis pain

occlusion OFMICROCIRCULATION

Dx of sickle cell HGBELECTROPHORESIS

WHAT to do during ironoverload? CHELATION

What you call degraded HgB?(seen with G6PD anemia) Heinz BODIES

Anemia caused by genet icdysf unct ion and RBC membrane

instability G6PD anemia

Decreased HGB/HCT, increasedRET count , positive Coombs test ,antibodies

ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

A proliferat ive disorder in whichmyeloid st em cells escape normal

control mechanisms POLYCYTHEMIA


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Burning fingers and toescharacterized by Polycythemia Vera ERYTHROMELALGIA

Blood disorder when HCT is 60%,splenomegaly, clots, tinnitus POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

Results from neutropeniaor lymphopenia

lymphocytesNsg management of

NeutropeniaID causing agent,

CORTICOSTEROIDS, G-CSF, CBC, ANC

Formula for ANCWBC x (% neutro + %

bands) over 100

Another term for neutrophils POLYS/BANDS

What renal patients get dueto lack of erythropoietin? EPOGEN

When to do bloodtransfusions? When HCT is

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