PowerPoint Presentation

Bloodborne Pathogens Awareness & Needle Stick Safety1ObjectivesIdentify Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs)Understand how diseases are transmittedDetermine your risk of exposureProtect yourself from exposure through preventionRespond appropriately if exposedUnderstand your right to medical evaluations

2Slide Show NotesThe objectives of the session are to train you to:Identify bloodborne pathogens, or BBPs, that might be present in the workplace;Understand how certain diseases are transmitted through blood;Determine your risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens in the workplace;Protect yourself from exposure through prevention and by following certain procedures if you are exposed;Respond appropriately if you are exposed to bloodborne pathogens; andUnderstand your right to medical evaluations.Bloodborne Pathogen StandardRequired by OSHA (29 CFR 1910.1030)

Applies to employees in all industries who may be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials

Good Samaritan acts such as assisting a co-worker with a nosebleed would not be considered occupational exposure. Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications3By law OSHA requires training in bloodborne pathogens for workers at risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens as part of their normal job duties.

Youre at risk of occupational exposure when there is a reasonable chance that you may have skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials in the course of performing your normal responsibilities.

Although the risk of occupational exposure is highest for healthcare workers, as we will see, you still do have exposure risks as part of your jobs.

Were here today to alert you to them and minimize them.

Bloodborne Pathogen StandardRequired by OSHA (29 CFR 1910.1030)

At the time of initial assignment to tasks where occupational exposure to blood or other potential infectious materials (OPIM) may take place.

Annually, thereafter. Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications4By law OSHA requires training in bloodborne pathogens for workers at risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens as part of their normal job duties.

Youre at risk of occupational exposure when there is a reasonable chance that you may have skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials in the course of performing your normal responsibilities.

Although the risk of occupational exposure is highest for healthcare workers, as we will see, you still do have exposure risks as part of your jobs.

Were here today to alert you to them and minimize them. What are Bloodborne Pathogens?Microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are present in human blood and can cause diseases in humans

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications5Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are present in human blood that can cause diseases in humans.

Some of the bloodborne pathogens youre at risk of contracting in your day-to-day responsibilities are HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV).

Other types of bloodborne pathogens include malaria and syphilis.

HIV, HBV and HCV are the threats you should be most concerned about because of the potential for infection once youre exposed, because they can be with you for the rest of your life, and most importantly because they can kill you.

Now youll learn a little more about those three.Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)The virus which causes AIDSDevastates the bodys immune system~1 million persons living with HIV/AIDS in U.S.; 40,000 new cases each yearSymptoms: flu like illness, weakness, diarrhea, weight loss.Signs of illness may not be present for yearsAIDS is chronic and fatal Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications6HIV is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). AIDS attacks the bodys immune system and weakens it so it cannot fight off other diseases.

There are roughly 1 million persons infected with HIV in the U.S. In 2000, there were 45,000 new cases.

Symptoms vary, but often include flu like symptoms such as weakness, fever, sore throat, nausea, headaches, diarrhea, a white coating on the tongue, weight loss or swollen lymph glands.

After the initial infection, it may be years before a person infected with HIV shows any signs of illness.

While treatment is improving, AIDS is a fatal disease for which there is no known cure.

Hepatitis B (HBV)Attacks the liverSurvives in dried blood for up to 1 week at room temperatureSymptoms: fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexiaCan be chronic and fatal Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications7Hepatitis B is a virus that affects the liver. While initially causing inflammation of the liver, it can potentially lead to more serious conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.HBV can survive in dried blood for up to 7 days, making it a significant concern for housekeepers, janitors, custodial personnel, laundry personnel whose contact with dried blood may come outside of an emergency or first aid situation.Its symptoms are similar to a mild flu, starting with a sense of fatigue and stomach pain. However, it may take up to 9 months before symptoms become noticeable.Hepatitis B can be chronic and fatal. Even if it is diagnosed and you get help, theres a chance you wont recover. About 6-10% of infected adults cannot clear the virus from their livers and develop chronic HBV. That is, they become HBV carriers for life. 25% of these carriers later develop cirrhosis. There is no known cure for chronic HBV.One strain, fulminant hepatitis, develops in about 1-2% of cases and is 85% fatal even with the most advanced medical care.There is a vaccine for HBV, which can minimize your chances of acquiring the disease, which well discuss later.Hepatitis B (HBV)2 Billion People infected Worldwide.12 Million infected in U.S.More than 1 Million chronically infected.100,000 new infections each year.5,000 people die each year from HBV and its complications.~ 1 Health Care worker dies each day from HBV. Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications8Hepatitis B is a virus that affects the liver. While initially causing inflammation of the liver, it can potentially lead to more serious conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.HBV can survive in dried blood for up to 7 days, making it a significant concern for housekeepers, janitors, custodial personnel, laundry personnel whose contact with dried blood may come outside of an emergency or first aid situation.Its symptoms are similar to a mild flu, starting with a sense of fatigue and stomach pain. However, it may take up to 9 months before symptoms become noticeable.Hepatitis B can be chronic and fatal. Even if it is diagnosed and you get help, theres a chance you wont recover. About 6-10% of infected adults cannot clear the virus from their livers and develop chronic HBV. That is, they become HBV carriers for life. 25% of these carriers later develop cirrhosis. There is no known cure for chronic HBV.One strain, fulminant hepatitis, develops in about 1-2% of cases and is 85% fatal even with the most advanced medical care.There is a vaccine for HBV, which can minimize your chances of acquiring the disease, which well discuss later.Hepatitis C (HCV)Can lead to chronic hepatitis and liver cancer

4 million infected in U.S.

Only 25% diagnosed

Can be chronic and fatal

20,000 25,000 deaths annually

No effective vaccine exists

Potentially Infectious MaterialsBlood

Human bodily fluids such as:Semen, Vaginal secretions,Saliva

Any bodily fluid containing visible blood

Any bodily fluid that cannot be identified

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications10Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted when infectious materials enter the bloodstream through various forms of contact, which well see in a minute.|

Blood is the primary carrier, however, there are other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) which should be treated just as seriously.

OPIM, include vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, joint fluid, lung fluid, pericardial fluid, and other bodily fluids.

You can be infected by any bodily fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood.

You can be infected by any bodily fluid where it is impossible to differentiate and identify exactly what it is.

Transmission of PathogensContaminated sharp objects or needlesBroken skin, including rashesMucous membranesEyesMouthNose11Slide Show NotesTransmission of pathogens in the work environment is most likely to occur in the following ways:First, transmission by contaminated sharp objects or needles is the most common way if you are cut with a sharp object that is contaminated with infected blood or bodily fluids. Essentially, the contaminated blood or bodily fluid is being injected into your bloodstream through the cut. Examples of sharp objects in a manufacturing environment that could be contaminated include broken glass, a utility knife blade, or the edge of a sheet of metal.Broken skin, including rashes or abrasions, can also be a point of transmission if an infected object makes contact with it.Finally, the mucous membranes of your eyes, mouth, and nose may be points of transmission for infection. This way is unlikely but possible.Remember, the contaminated blood or bodily fluid must make direct contact with your blood in order for transmission to occur.Modify the slide to accurately reflect the potential transmission points at your facility. These potential exposures should be the same as listed in your written Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan (ECP).Contact with bleeding co-workerContact with blood while administering first aidTouching a contaminated surfaceAssigned to clean up bloodContact with contaminated products or equipment in restroomsUsing a tool covered in dried bloodRoutes of Exposure12Slide Show NotesRoutes of exposure means the different ways you might be exposed to bloodborne pathogens in the workplace. Which of the following do you think are routes of exposure that you need to beware of?Contact with a co-worker who suffers a bleeding injury, such as a cut, abrasion, or amputation. Yes, nearby workers could be exposed by contacting the blood at the time of the injury.Contact with blood while administering first aid, such as when applying pressure to a wound or wrapping an injury. Yes. Touching a contaminated surface, such as a table, tool, or control panel, that has been contacted with infected blood. Yes. Being assigned to clean up blood or bodily fluids after an injury. Yes. Contact with contaminated products or equipment in restrooms. Yes.Using a tool covered in dried blood. Yes. Modify the slide to reflect any potential exposure to bodily fluids at your facility. These potential exposures should be the same as those listed in the ECP. Show trainees a copy of your ECP.Possible Exposure IncidentsDuring an industrialaccident While administeringFirst AidDuring post-accidentclean-upWhen performing routine maintenance or janitorial work

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications13These are some of the most likely situations where you can be exposed to bloodborne pathogens in an industrial or general office setting. Youre at risk for exposure if you are near an accident. You may be splashed by blood.You may come into contact with blood or OPIM while administering first aid. For example, you may have to apply pressure to a gushing wound.. During clean-up, youre at risk for contact with potentially infectious materials that are still on the accident scene.You're also at risk during routine maintenance or janitorial work, where blood or OPIM can still be present on equipment that hasnt been properly decontaminated.Youre at risk when handling laundry, such as contaminated protective personal equipment (PPE) or clothing covered with potentially infectious materials.

Suggestions for the SpeakerThis is a good time to give examples of other situations where workers may be at risk of exposure in your facility.Items caked with dried bloodAdhesive bandages or tissuesContaminated sharp objectsLiquid or semi-liquid bloodWhich of the following is considered a regulated waste?

Disposable PPE that results from the cleanup of a cutBlood that is absorbed without release of a liquid when compressedPathological and microbial wastes containing blood or OPIM

14Slide Show NotesNow it is time for an exercise. Which of the following do you think are considered regulated waste versus nonregulated waste?Here are the correct answers. Items caked with dried blood,Contaminated sharp objects, Liquid or semi-liquid blood, and Pathological and microbial wastes containing blood or OPIM are all considered regulated wastes.Disposable PPE that results from the cleanup of a cut, blood that is absorbed without the release of liquid when compressed, and adhesive bandages or tissues are considered nonregulated waste.Did you get them all correct? If not, be sure to review this information again.Exposure Control PlanUniversal precautions

Engineering controls

Work practice controls

Post-exposure follow-up

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications15We have a written Exposure Control Plan, as required by OSHA, that outlines what we are doing to insure you do not come into contact with a bloodborne pathogens on the job and what the procedures are to follow when an exposure incident does occur.

We will now review the basic components of how we can all prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens on the job. Suggestions for the SpeakerThis is a good time to hold up a copy of your exposure control plan and explain where it can be found or how to obtain a copy. The OSHA standard specifically requires employees to have access to the plan.Universal PrecautionsTreat all human blood and bodily fluids as if they are infected with HIV, HBV, HCV and other bloodborne pathogens. Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications16Universal precautions are the building blocks of exposure control.

Its a preventive approach to controlling the spread of infectious diseases in which ALL human blood and other bodily fluids are treated as if they are infected with HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens.

The take-away here is simple and straightforward: when you come into contact with blood or other bodily fluids, you will treat them as if they were infected. As far as you are concerned, every drop of blood, every speck, is in fact carrying HIV - no ifs, ands, or buts.Engineering Controls & Work Practice ControlsEngineering ControlsHand Washing facilitiesBiohazard waste bags

Work Practice ControlsPersonal protective equipment (PPE)First aid responseSpill clean-upLaundryWaste disposalExposure response

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications17Engineering controls and work practice controls work in tandem to prevent exposure. Not only do you have to follow the right procedures; you have to use the right equipment.

Engineering controls are items designed to reduce your exposure either by removing, eliminating or isolating hazards. Some examples include spill kits, handwashing stations, eye wash stations, biohazard waste bags and boxes, or in a healthcare setting, resheathing devices on needles and scalpels.

Work practice controls work hand-in-hand with engineering controls. These are specific practices and procedures you perform as part of your job to eliminate the threat of exposure.

Well review use of personal protective equipment, emergency response situations, proper handwashing, clean-up, laundry and waste disposal.

Suggestions for the SpeakerProvide examples of other engineering controls specific to your facility. Do your workers know where the nearest eye wash stations or handwashing facilities are? Do they know where to obtain proper waste disposal items?Personal Protective EquipmentFirst line of defenseExamples and uses LimitationsRules:Remove before leavingwork areaWash hands after removingProperly dispose of contaminated PPE

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications18Personal protective equipment (PPE) is your first line of defense against infection on the job. As its intended to be a barrier against transmission, appropriate PPE doesnt allow blood or other potentially infectious materials to pass through it under normal circumstances. PPE should be used when theres a reasonable chance of contact with blood or OPIM. Gloves should be worn whenever providing first aid or medical care, whenever you handle soiled materials or equipment, and whenever you are cleaning up spills of risky materials. Protective clothing should be worn in cases where splashes or spills are likely and also when working with risky materials. Face protectors such as splash goggles should be worn whenever risky materials could splash, splatter or spray in your face. Resuscitation equipment should be used instead of mouth-to-mouth.There are limitations. PPE must be clean and in good repair. PPE that is torn, punctured or has lost its ability to function as an effective barrier should not be used. Disposal PPE should not be reused under any circumstances. And while using PPE, dont forget the basics - dont touch your eyes or nose with gloves, for example. Reusable PPE should be placed in the proper disposal containers or laundry receptacles. Wash your hands with soap and water after you have removed any PPE youve used.

Suggestions for the SpeakerBring examples of common PPE at your facilityReview rules for reusable v. disposal PPE and familiarize employees with the location of disposal or laundry receptacles in your facility.

Use Personal Protective EquipmentBarrier protection prevents exposureUse gloves when applying bandages or cleaning upEyewear or masks protect against splashesProtective clothing or aprons protect against spurting blood19Slide Show NotesUse personal protective equipment to prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens.Barrier protection is a vital part of preventing exposure. Remember, the concept of universal precautions includes avoiding contact with all potentially contaminated blood or bodily fluids.Use gloves, made of latex or nitrile, for applying bandages, cleaning up, and decontaminating. You must wear gloves in any situation that involves potential contact with blood or bodily fluids.Eyewear such as goggles, or even a face shield, is needed to protect against splashes of blood that might be absorbed through your mucous membranes.Protective clothing or aprons protect skin and clothing against spurting blood. Many bodily fluid disposal kits contain disposable aprons and shoe covers. Most clothing can be decontaminated by washing, but it can be difficult to remove blood from shoes.Bring your workplaces Bodily Fluid Disposal Kit that is probably located in a first-aid kit. Take out the different types of PPE and show them to the employees.Bring examples of PPE specific to your workplace, and ask for volunteers to demonstrate how to put on, use, take off, and properly dispose of PPE.First-Aid ResponseAdopt Universal Precautions Encourage self-care Use PPE Avoid applyingpressure without barrier

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications20If you are responding to an emergency situation, remember the most important rule - adopt universal precautions. Treat all blood or bodily fluids as if infectious.

Encourage as much self-care by the victim as possible under the circumstances. For example, if its a small cut, let them apply direct pressure themselves.

Wear PPE at all times in activities where there is a high likelihood of exposure risk in your emergency response situation.

If you have to apply pressure to stop bleeding, at no time are you to use just your hands. Wear gloves. Remember - no wound is too small. It just takes a drop of blood to infect you. Housekeeping: Spill Clean-upUse PPE & Universal PrecautionsCover spill or area with paper towel or ragsPour disinfectant solution over towels or rags Leave for at least 10 minutesPlace materials in appropriate containerArrange for pick-up and disposal

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications21When you are assigned the task of clean-up after an accident, adopt universal precautions and use appropriate PPE.

Remember, HBV can survive in dried blood for up to 7 days. So dont assume that if blood or OPIM is dry, you can cut corners. You are still at risk of infection.

If you are assigned to clean up a spill, cover the area containing blood or OPIM with paper towels or rags, pour a disinfectant solution over the towels, leave for at least 10 minutes, then remove.

When finished, place materials in waste disposal bag.

Arrange for pick-up and disposal.

Well talk about proper labeling next.

Suggestions for the SpeakerIdentify individuals to be contacted for spill clean up at your facility. Give locations of clean-up materials, the location of labels and infectious waste bags, and the procedure for pick-up of contaminated waste.

Remove glass and other sharp materials using a brush and dust pan, or tongsDo not use your handsUse paper/absorbent towels to soak up the residual liquidsDisinfect all surfaces, and allow time to dry before using againDecontamination Involving Sharp Objects22Slide Show NotesFor decontamination involving sharp objects:Remove glass and other sharp materials using a brush and dustpan, or tongs;Do not use your hands to pick up sharp objects;Use paper or other absorbent towels to soak up the residualliquids; andDisinfect all surfaces after contaminated items and fluids are removed, and allow time for the surfaces to dry completely before using them again. Allow at least 10 minutes for air drying, unless there are other written instructions.Housekeeping: Waste DisposalUse PPE when handlingLeak-proof containersProper labelingLabels Red Bags or ContainersDrop-off sites

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications23If you are involved in waste disposal, adopt universal precautions and wear appropriate PPE when handling infectious waste containers.

Containers must be leak-proof and be clearly labeled. You should use labels containing the biohazard symbol. These should also be fluorescent orange with letters and symbols in contrasting color.

You can also use leak-proof red bags or red containers instead of labels.

Know the specific drop-off sites for infectious waste in your area. Never put it in a normal trash container.

Suggestions for the SpeakerThis would be a good time to show employees examples of the specific labels, bags, and containers used for infectious waste in your facility; tell them where these are kept; and review designated locations for infectious waste drop-off. Housekeeping: Handling SharpsTo prevent contamination:Use a device such as dustpan and broom to pick up sharp objects

Place sharp objects in the correct type of labeled sharps container

Place all contaminated waste in red biohazard bags within a secondary container Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications24Contaminated laundry is clothing or PPE that is soiled with blood or OPIM.

Remember, even though blood or OPIM is dried, you still can be infected.

When dealing with contaminated laundry: use PPE, such as gloves or aprons; handle as little as possible; and pre-soak all contaminated clothing in disinfectant.

If blood or OPIM gets on your clothing, remove it and wash with detergent as soon as possible.

Suggestions for the SpeakerFamiliarize workers with the specifics of laundry decontamination at your facility.Housekeeping: Handling SharpsTo prevent contamination:Wash hands as soon as possible after contamination and after removing gloves

Do not handle items such as pens or door handles while wearing gloves

Clean and decontaminate equipment and surfaces that had contact with infectious materials Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications25Contaminated laundry is clothing or PPE that is soiled with blood or OPIM.

Remember, even though blood or OPIM is dried, you still can be infected.

When dealing with contaminated laundry: use PPE, such as gloves or aprons; handle as little as possible; and pre-soak all contaminated clothing in disinfectant.

If blood or OPIM gets on your clothing, remove it and wash with detergent as soon as possible.

Suggestions for the SpeakerFamiliarize workers with the specifics of laundry decontamination at your facility.The Sharps Safety ContinuumPrepare to use the device the moment the sharps are first exposedTake precautions while using sharpsTake precautions during cleanupTake precautions during disposal26This slide summarizes the steps along the sharps safety continuum that will be reviewed in detail.

Work practices to prevent sharps injuries are typically present as a list of specific practices to avoid (for example, recapping used needles) or to use (such as, sharps disposal containers).

Data show that the risk of a sharps injury begins at the moment sharps are first exposed and ends once sharps are permanently removed from exposure in the work environment. Therefore, to promote safe work practices, healthcare personnel need to have an awareness of the risk of injury throughout the time sharps are exposed. They should also use a combination of strategies to protect themselves and their coworkers through the handling of the device. We will now review recommended practices that reflect this concept. Sharps Safety PracticesBe preparedBe awareDispose with care

27The recommended work practices that help ensure safety can be simplified into three quick points: Be prepared. Be aware. Dispose with care. Clean Up and Dispose With CareInspect containerKeep hands behind sharps Never put hands or fingers into sharps containerWhile Disposing of Sharps28While disposing of sharps:

Visually inspect the sharps container for hazards caused by overfilling. You should also make sure the sharps container being used is large enough to accommodate the entire device. Keep your hands behind the tip of any sharps. Avoid bringing the hands close to the opening of a sharps container. Never place hands or fingers into a container to facilitate disposal of a device.

Clean Up and Dispose With CareVisually inspect sharps container for overfillingOnly Authorized team members replace containers before they become overfilledKeep filled containers for disposal in a secure area

After Disposing of Sharps29After disposing of sharps, you should:

Visually inspect the outside of waste container for evidence of protruding sharps. If found, notify safety personnel so they can appropriately dispose of the sharps container. Replace sharps containers before they become overfilled. If a sharps container is overfilled, place a new container and use forceps or tongs to remove protruding devices and place them in the new container. Keep filled sharps containers awaiting final disposal in a secure area.

Contact your SupervisorIf authorized and instructed follow procedures and handle carefullyKeep hands behind sharps at all timesUse mechanical device if you cannot safely pick up sharps by handClean Up and Dispose With CareIf You Find Improperly Disposed Sharps in Work Environment30If you encounter improperly disposed sharps in the work environment, handle them carefully. Keep your hands behind sharps at all times. Use a mechanical device to pick up sharps if they cannot be handled safely.

Housekeeping: Contaminated LaundryLaundry soiled with blood or OPIMUse PPEHandle as little as possiblePre-soak all contaminated clothingIf blood or OPIM gets on clothing, remove and thoroughly wash with detergent ASAP

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications31Contaminated laundry is clothing or PPE that is soiled with blood or OPIM.

Remember, even though blood or OPIM is dried, you still can be infected.

When dealing with contaminated laundry: use PPE, such as gloves or aprons; handle as little as possible; and pre-soak all contaminated clothing in disinfectant.

If blood or OPIM gets on your clothing, remove it and wash with detergent as soon as possible.

Suggestions for the SpeakerFamiliarize workers with the specifics of laundry decontamination at your facility.Is This a Safe Work Practice? Yes or No? Please Unmute your Phones ([Star] *6) and lets discuss:

Removing contaminated PPE and clothing before leaving the work areaSeeking immediate medical attentionEating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics in any work areas where there is the possibility of exposure to blood or chemicalsWearing double gloves to reduce contamination risk

32Slide Show NotesHere are some common work practices. Decide if you think these are safe work practices when dealing with potentially infected blood and other bodily fluids.Should youremove contaminated PPE and clothing as soon as possible, and always before leaving the work area, and wash your skin under where the clothing was contaminated? Yes, this is a safe practice.Should youseek immediate medical attention after possible exposure to have a healthcare professional determine if follow-up is required? Yes, this is also a safe work practice.Should youeat, drink, smoke cigarettes, apply cosmetics, or handle contact lenses in any work area where there is the possibility of exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids? No, this is not safe.Should youconsider double-gloving so that you can remove the outer glove if you have to and still have a barrier? Yes, this is a good idea.Review any special practices adopted by your facility and described in the ECP. Tell trainees whom to contact if they are not sure what to do.Is This a Safe Work Practice? Yes or No? (cont.)

Disposing of contaminated items properlyStoring food in any work area where blood, bodily fluids or chemicals may be presentDisinfecting contaminated equipment and work surfacesWashing up immediately after exposure33Slide Show NotesShould youdispose of contaminated items properly if they cannot be decontaminated? Yes, this is a safe work practice.Should youplace or store food or drink on bathroom shelves, cabinets, countertops, or work surfaces in any work areas where blood or bodily fluids might be found? No, never store food or drink near blood or bodily fluids.Should youdisinfect equipment, tools, and work surfaces that may have been contaminated with blood or bodily fluids? Yes, this is a safe work practice.Should youwash up immediately after you may have come in contact with blood or bodily fluids? Yes, this is also a safe work practice.Exposure IncidentWash cuts and skin thoroughly Rinse nose and mouth for 15 Min.Flush eyes with clean water or sterile solution for 15 Min.Clean all contaminated surfacesReport all incidents

34Slide Show NotesAn exposure incident is a specific incident of contact with potentially infectious blood or OPIM. If you think you have been exposed, observe the following procedures:First, wash any cuts and skin thoroughly with soap and water. If there was no infiltration of blood or OPIM into mucous membranes or open skin surfaces, it is not considered an occupational exposure.Rinse your nose and mouth to remove any potential splashes of blood or OPIM.Flush eyes with clean water or sterile solution if you were not wearing goggles or safety glasses.Clean and decontaminate all infected surfaces.Finally, report all incidents involving blood or other bodily fluids so that the company can determine if exposure occurred to any employee and offer post-exposure medical evaluations if necessary. After each incident, an incident investigation report should be completed. The report should include whether blood was spilled, documentation of the spill locations, who cleaned it up, and the cleanup and waste disposal methods.Explain any special workplace-specific procedures to follow if an exposure incident occurs, including the method of reporting the incident.Post-Exposure EvaluationConfidential medical evaluation and follow-up after exposure incident Identify and document source and circumstancesof exposureTest source individuals blood for HIV/HBV Provide blood sample Healthcare professionals written opinion

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications35After you report the exposure incident to your supervisor, you will receive a confidential medical evaluation and follow-up care.

You will be asked to assist in identifying and documenting the source of and circumstances surrounding your exposure.

The source individuals blood will be tested for HBV and HIV as soon as possible (if consent is provided).

You will then be asked for a blood sample in order to determine if infection has occurred. You may decline consent for HIV testing. However, your blood sample will be kept for 90 days. So if you change your mind at any time during that period, you can still request the test.

A healthcare professionals written opinion will be provided to you within 15 days, which will let you know whether or not you are infected.Exposure ReportFirst Aid and/or Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Report (found in your MSDS/SDS book).

Hepatitis B VaccinationMade available to all employees at risk for occupational exposure on initial job assignment

Made available after exposure incident

Copyright 2002 Progressive Business Publications37Hepatitis B vaccination is made available to all employees within 10 working days of initial assignment to duties with occupational exposure risk.

The vaccine is extremely effective in preventing the disease if administered immediately after exposure. It is given in a series of three shots, which gradually build up your immunity to the Hepatitis B virus. There is no danger of you getting the disease from the shots.

Vaccination is offered following an exposure incident at no cost to you unless you have previously received the vaccine series. Once vaccinated, a person does not need to receive the series again.

The first shot is given immediately after the incident. This is followed by a second shot one month after the first and a third shot 5 months after the second.

You can opt to decline the vaccine series, in which case you will be asked to sign a declination form. If you decline the offer, you still can choose to have the vaccine series administered at a later date.

Vaccine DeclinationHepatitis B Vaccine Declination (found in your MSDS/SDS book).What Steps Should You Take If You Have an Exposure Incident?Clean and decontaminate all infected surfaces. Rinse your nose and mouth to remove any potential splashes of blood or OPIM.Report the incident.Flush your eyes with clean water or sterile solution if you were not wearing goggles or safety glasses.Wash cuts and skin thoroughly with soap and water.

Put the response steps in their proper order1.2.3.4.5.39Slide Show NotesNow its time to test your knowledge. In this exercise, imagine that you have potentially been exposed to infected blood or OPIM. Decide the order in which you should take the steps listed on the slide.Here is the correct answer:First, you should wash any cuts and skin thoroughly with soap and water. Next, rinse your nose and mouth to remove any potential splashes of blood or OPIM. Then, if you were not wearing safety glasses or goggles, flush your eyes with clean water or sterile solution. Then, clean and decontaminate all infected surfaces. And finally, report the incident.Bloodborne pathogens can cause fatal diseaseBe aware of exposure at workTake universal precautionsUse PPE and safe work practicesDecontaminate yourself and equipmentUnderstand and follow exposure incident proceduresReport exposure incidents

Key Points to Remember40Slide Show NotesThe following are the key points to remember about this training session:First, bloodborne pathogens can cause fatal disease. They include HIV, which causes AIDS, as well as hepatitis B and hepatitis C.Be aware of the potential for exposure to bloodborne pathogens at work. Exposure can happen if a co-worker suffers a bleeding injury, or when you are administering first aid, touching a contaminated surface, cleaning up blood, cleaning a rest room, or touching a tool that has dried blood on it.Take universal precautions by assuming that all blood or bodily fluid is infected:Use PPE as a barrier between you and the source of infection, and follow safe work practices such as labeling and proper disposal of infectious material.Decontaminate yourself by thoroughly washing up after potential exposure, and decontaminate any tools or equipment that might be exposed.Understand and follow exposure incident procedures if you think you might have been exposed.Finally, report all incidents of possible exposure to blood or bodily fluids so that they can be evaluated and appropriate steps taken if necessary.Questions concerning Bloodborne Pathogens