Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf...
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Transcript of Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf...
![Page 1: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Blood Types & Donation
Biology 11Ms. Lowrie
![Page 2: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Donation History
• 1667: – 1st blood transfusion (calf to human)– Treatment: ‘madness’– Died 6 months later
– What killed him?
![Page 3: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Donation History
• 1670:– Law passed banning blood transfusions
Trouble:– Blood = life-giving fluid– Would other traits
be passed?
![Page 4: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Donation History
• 1818:– 1st successful blood transfusion– Women lost blood during birth
• Gave husband’s blood
• 1825 – 1830:– 10 more transfusions– 50% success
![Page 5: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Donation History
• By 1919:– Karl Landsteiner discovered blood
groups• Won 1930 Nobel Prize
– Blood would clot if stored
• 1937:– First blood bank
![Page 6: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Blood Types
• Antigens:
– A type of glycoprotein
– Act as identifying markers
• Found on RBC
cell membrane
![Page 7: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Blood Types
• Antibodies:
– Found in plasma
– Protect against foreign RBC antigens
![Page 8: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Blood Types
• Incompatible blood types:
– Antibodies attack antigens
– Causes agglutination or coagulation
(clotting)
– RBCs cannot carry
oxygen
![Page 9: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Blood Types
Hint:
• Antibodies are always opposite to
antigens
– Otherwise we would attack our own
blood!
![Page 10: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Blood Types
Antigens Antibody
Location
- On red blood cell - In plasma
Function
- Cell identification
- Looks for foreign antigens
- Fights (if necessary)
Examples
Antigen A Antibody A
Antigen B Antibody B
![Page 11: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Blood Types
Blood Type
A B AB O
Diagram
Antigen(s) on RBC
Antibody(s) in
plasma
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ABO Blood Types
Blood Type
A B AB O
Diagram
Antigen(s) on RBC
A B A & B None
Antibody(s) in
plasmaAnti B Anti A None
Anti A &
Anti B
![Page 13: Blood Types & Donation Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. Donation History 1667: –1 st blood transfusion (calf to human) –Treatment: ‘madness’ –Died 6 months later.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef25503460f94c0414c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rh Factor
• Named after Rhesus monkeys
• Rh antigens present = Rh+
• Rh antigens absent = Rh-
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Rh Antibodies
• Natural antibodies DO NOT exist for
Rh factor
• Are created in a Rh- person if they are exposed to Rh+ blood
• Exposed how?
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+/- Blood Types
Antigens Antibody
Positive
(Rh+)Rh none
Negative
(Rh-)None
Anti-Rh(if previously
exposed)
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Rh and Pregnancy
• Erythroblastosis Fetalis
• Serious condition • Mother and baby blood is
incompatible– Mother is Rh- – Baby is Rh+
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First Rh+ Baby
• Mother and baby are fine– BUT during delivery blood mixes
• Mother is exposed to Rh+ blood– Will start to develop
Rh antibodies
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Second Rh+ Baby
• Problems arise!!
• Mother now has Rh antibodies – Antibodies attack baby's Rh antigens– Causes agglutination
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What Happens???
• Baby receives less oxygen and is born blue– “Blue babies”
• Good news:– Can be prevented/treated
with medication
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Questions???