Blood Transfusion

Ahmad Thanin

Objectives

Definition

Blood Transfusion: is the process of transferring blood or blood products into the circulatory system.

Blood Transfusion is a treatment arranged by doctor which involves giving blood or any blood products to the vein.

Where does Blood come from

• In Saudi Arabia, Blood is obtained only from unpaid and voluntary donors, mainly from Governmental Hospitals

• Blood is collected with sterile equipment that is used only once.

Blood ProductsRed CellPlateletGranulocyte Fresh Frozen plasmaCryoprecipitate Cryopoor plasmaStored plasma

AlbuminImmunoglobulin Coagulation Factors

Plasma Derivatives

Plasma Components

Cellular Components

Blood

Blood Groups

Rh Negative

A

B

AB

O Rh Positive

A

B

AB

O

What tests are done on blood before Transfusion ?

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

HIV/AIDS Syphlis

Cross Match Form

Prepared within 1-2 days before surgery.

Complete all the blanks. Time of extracting the

blood is very important. Who extract the blood

must written. Status of the cross match

as hold, urgent or standby. Name of the physician and

signature or stamp. Date of the surgery if

found. Telephone Extension

Number.

Blood Donation Form

In elective cases, the Surgeon has to fill the form and give it to the family for Blood donation in any MOH Blood Bank, Surgery will not happen before that.

In urgent cases, Blood Bank Will give the blood to OR and any department, but the family of the patient they have to donate as almost as the patient will take continuously blood

Computability Tag

Blood Transfusion Equipment • Blood Unit.• Blood Unit Administer Set.• Normal Saline 0.9 %.• Multi Lead Tubing • Three Way Stopcock.• Clean disposable gloves or sterile.• Pressure Bag.• Blood Warmer if needed.• Vital Signs Materials.• Gauze, Syringes

Preparation verify the physician order for type and cross match in order

sheet or the system. Each transfusion event, each order shall include complete

name of the product, Volume (Number of unit), administration time, pre medication orders if indicated, or any special process.

Assess the patient to set in a suitable position and fix the extended arm for transfusion.

Assess the patient to stay in bed rest while blood administered. Patient Education about the steps of the procedures. Vital Signs before initiating the transfusion.

Preparation Observe the patient level of consciousness, Last

Urination, skin turgor and appearance.Review the last recent Lab Result of CBC (HgB &

HCT). If the patient already has an IV running check the

type of the solution that infusing, because only NaCL 0.9% is compatible with blood products.

Assess patient history of allergy or any previous reaction for blood.

Consent Form must signed before transfusion.

Procedure Steps

• E:\Blood Transfusion\Blood Transfusion.mp4

HMG/QAS/GEN 037 Policy • A physician Order is required to administer blood or blood

products.• Clinician must obtain and document consent for blood/blood

products prior administration.• Inspect the blood prior administer for any changing in color,

cloudiness, clots, and excess air.• Check the expiration date of blood unit. • 2 staff nurses or 1 nurse with 1 doctor will apply the procedure.• Patient should monitored for any adverse affect which should

managed properly.• Utilizing the universal precautions.