BLOOD. Plasma Red blood cell White blood cell Platelets.
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Transcript of BLOOD. Plasma Red blood cell White blood cell Platelets.
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BLOOD
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Plasma
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Platelets
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Formed Elements
• ____________ = red blood cells (RBCs)
• __________ = white blood cells (WBCs)
• ____________ = cell fragments
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Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
The main function is to _____________
Anatomy of circulating erythrocytes◦Biconcave disks◦Essentially bags of hemoglobin◦ _______________ (no nucleus)◦Contain very few organelles; lack
mitochondriaOutnumber white blood cells 1000:1
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Hemoglobin (Hb)
__________-containing protein
Binds strongly, but reversibly, to ______Each hemoglobin molecule has four
oxygen binding sites
Each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules
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When there is a high concentration of oxygen (ex. in the lung) hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin. When the blood reaches the tissue which have a low concentration of oxygen the hemoglobin dissociates with the oxygen and the oxygen is released into body tissues
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Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Crucial in the body’s defense against disease
These are complete cells, with a __________ and ____________
Able to move into and out of blood vessels (_____________)
Can move by ameboid motionCan respond to chemicals
released by damaged tissues – _______________
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Leukocyte Levels in the BloodNormal levels are between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per millimeter
Abnormal leukocyte levels◦Leukocytosis
Above 11,000 leukocytes/ml Generally indicates an infection
◦ Leukopenia Abnormally low leukocyte level Commonly caused by certain drugs
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Types of LeukocytesGranulocytes
◦Granules in their cytoplasm can be stained
◦ Include:
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Types of LeukocytesAgranulocytes
◦ Lack visible cytoplasmic granules◦ Include:
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GranulocytesNeutrophils (most common)
◦Multilobed nucleus with fine granules◦Act as _________ at active sites of
infectionEosinophils (not a common WBC)
◦Large brick-red cytoplasmic granules◦Found in response to ____________
and_________________
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GranulocytesBasophils (not a common WBC)
◦Have _______________-containing granules
◦Initiate ____________; involved in ________
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AgranulocytesLymphocytes (second most
common WBC)◦Two types play an important role in
the_______________ B-cells – produce antibodies T-cells – direct immune response
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AgranulocytesMonocytes
◦Largest of the white blood cells◦Function as ________________◦Important in fighting chronic
infection
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PlateletsDerived from ruptured
multinucleate cells called __________________
Needed for the clotting processNormal platelet count =
300,000/mm3
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Hematopoiesis_______________ formation occurs
in ____________ bone marrowAll blood cells are derived from a
common stem cell - ______________Hemocytoblast differentiation
◦_________ stem cell produces lymphocytes◦_________ stem cell produces other formed elements
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Fate of ErythrocytesUnable to divide, grow, or
synthesize proteinsWear out in _____________________When worn out, are eliminated
by____________ in the _______ or _____
Lost cells are replaced by division of hemocytoblasts
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Control of Erythrocyte ProductionRate is controlled by a hormone -
___________________________ produce most
erythropoietin as a response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood
Homeostasis is maintained by __________ feedback from blood oxygen levels
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Control of Erythrocyte Production
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http://people.sinclair.edu/normahollebeke/107/Blood%20Worksheet.pdf