Muscular Tissue Prof. Ji-Cheng Li (Zhejiang University School of Medicine)
Blood and Hemopoiesis Prof. Ji-Cheng Li (Zhejiang University School of Medicine)
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Transcript of Blood and Hemopoiesis Prof. Ji-Cheng Li (Zhejiang University School of Medicine)
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Blood and HemopoiesisBlood and Hemopoiesis
Prof.Prof. Ji-Cheng LiJi-Cheng Li
(Zhejiang University School of Medicine)(Zhejiang University School of Medicine)
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1. Components:---formed elements: 45%• red blood cell-erythrocyte• white blood cell-leukocyte• platelets
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---plasma: 55%, PH 7.3-7.4, 90% water
• contain: • plasma protein (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen),
• lipidprotein• enzymes• hormone• vitamin• inorganic salt • products of metabolism
serum: plasma without fibrinogen
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Blood smear: Wright or Giemsa stain methods
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1. Cells1. Cells
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1) erythrocyte, red blood cell ---normal number: (4.2-5.5)X1012/L in male; (3.5-5.0)X1012/L in female ---structure: • biconcave discs in shape, • 7.5-8.5 um in diameter, 1-2um thick• no nucleus and organella• filled with hemoglobin (Hb)
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-normal Hb : 120-150g/L in male 105-135g/L in female
-Function:combine and transfer Oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide(CO2)
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reticulocyte: • immature cell• remained ribosome: delicate network structure w
hen stained with brilliant cresyl blue• 0.5-1% of total erythrocyte population in adult• 3-6% in neonate
---life span: 120 days
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2) leukocyte---a group of large cells with nucleus---involve in defense and immune reaction---normal number: (4.0-10) X109/L
---classification: • granulocytes: /neutrophil /eosinophil /basophil• agranulocytes: /lymphocyte /monocyte
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① neutrophil: 50-70% of total leukocyte population---structure: LM: • round, 10-12um in diameter• rob-liked or polymorphous nucleus, 2-5 lobes• fine neutrophilic granules• pink cytoplasm
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EM: specific granule: • 80% • small, 0.3-0.4 um ovoid or irregular in shape• contain: lysozyme, phagocytin (defensin) azurophilic granule: • 20%• large, round or ovoid , 0.6-0.7 um • electron dense• contain: acid phosphatase, peroxidase, ect.
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---function: phagocytose bacterium:
• specific g.-kill B
• azurophilic g.- digest B
---life span: in blood 6-8 hours, in CT 2-3 days
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Neutrophilic granulocyteNeutrophilic granulocyte
Neutrophilic granulocyteNeutrophilic granulocyte
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② eosinophil: 0.5-3% of total leukocyte population
LM: • round,10-15 um in diameter• 2 lobes nucleus• rough bright red granules: acidophilic gra
nules
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EM: granules: • round or ovoid • with cube-liked electron dense crystal
• contain: -ACPase-histaminase-peroxidase
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---function: counteract the infection of parasitereduce allergic reaction
---life span: in blood 6-8 hour, in CT 8-12 days
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Eosinophilic granulocyteEosinophilic granulocyte
致密结晶体致密结晶体
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• ③ basophil: 0-1% of leukocyte population
LM: • less, round 10-12 um • lobe, “S” shaped or irregular nucleus• basophilic g.: contains heparin, histamine
and acidophil chemotactic factor• cytoplasm: contain leukotriene
---function: involve in allergic reaction---life span: 10-15 days
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Basophilic granulocyteBasophilic granulocyte
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④ monocyte:3-8% of total leukocyte population
LM: • large round, 14-20um • nucleus appear as kidney, horse-shoe or ovoid in
shape• cytoplasm: gray-blue in color, contain azurophili
c g.
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EM: • azurophilic granule: peroxidase, ACPase, ly
sozyme
---function: actively mobile and chemotaxis
---life span: in blood 1-5 days, in CT which become into macrophage- mononuclear phagocytic system
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⑤ lymphocyte:
20-30% of total
leukocyte population
LM: • round, small LC 6-8 um, medium-sized LC 9-
12 um, large LC 13-20 um in diameter• round nucleus with indentation, chromatin ap
pears as spot-liked and electron-dense • cytoplasm: /basophilic:bright blue in color
/less
/azurophilic granule
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EM: /free ribosome /mito. /RER---classification:• TC: thymus dependent lymphocyte, 75%, involve
in cellular immune reaction and regulate immune response
• BC: bone marrow dependent lymphocyte, 10-15%, become into plasma cell, involve in humoral immune response
• large granular cell: KC (killer cell) and NKC( nature killer cell), 10%
---function: involve in immune response
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LymphocyteLymphocyte
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division
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3) blood platelet:
cytoplasmic fragment of megakaryocyte in bone marrow
---normal number: 100-300X109/L
---structure:
LM: • disc-liked, 2-4um → irregular in shape Stimulation
• in groups• Granulomere• hyalomere
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EM: /tubular systems: • opening tubule system- increasing the exchange
area, facilitate the intaking and releasing• dense tubule system- SER, collecting calcium (C
a2+ ) and synthesizing prostaglandin
/granules: • specific granule: mediate electron density, with d
ense core, contains clotting factor, fibrinogen, acidic hydrolase
• dense granule: electron dense, contains serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine), ADP,ATP, Ca2+ and adrenalin
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---function: • involve in clotting and stopping the bleed:
-aggregation
-release components of granule, make thrombinogen become into thrombin, then later make fibrinogen become into fibrin
• protecting endothelium and take part in repairing of endothelium
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血小板(血小板( EMEM))Blood plateletBlood platelet
特殊颗粒特殊颗粒
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3. Bone marrow and hemopoiesis
1) Places for hemopoiesis and structure of bone marrow
①Places for hemopoiesis:
yalk sac ( 3W)→liver(6W) →spleen(4M) →bone marrow
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② Structure of bone marrow: red bone marrow
---hemopoietic tissue: • reticular T.• hemopoietic cell, macrophage, fibroblast, mes
enchymal cell ---sinusoid: cap.
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*hemopoietic inductive microenvironment ( HIM):
The environment for hemopoietic cell growth and development
Bone marrow HIM includes N of bone marrow, BV, fiber, extracellular GS and hemopoietic stromal cells
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* stromal cells:
---including reticular cell, fibroblast, macrophage, endothelial cell and lipid-laden cell
---function:
• supporting
• secrete cellular factors, regulate the proliferation and differentiating of hemopoietic cells
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2) Hemopoietic stem cell and hemopoietic progenitor cell①hemopoietic stem cell (HSC): multipotential
stem cell---originated yalk sac →red bone marrow constit
utes about 0.5% of total bone marrow cells similar to small LC in shape
---feature: • strong potential to proliferation multidifferentia
ted ability• ability to copy itself: keep certain number
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②hemopoietic progenitor cell (HPC):
i.e. committed stem cell
---originated from hemopoietic stem cell
---forming colony forming unit (CFU) under the regulate of colony stimulating factor (CSF)
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3) General regulation of hemopoietic processes:
---main steps:
• promordial stage
• immature stage
• mature stage
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---regulations:• Size of cell become smaller and smaller• Nucleus become smaller and smaller or
disappears Chromatin: from fine and loose to rough and
dense• Cytoplasm: -more and more -basophilic: weaker and weaker -specific granule: more and more• Ability to division: from have to no, but keep
the potentials
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红细胞发生红细胞发生
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ProerythroblastProerythroblast
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Early erythroblastEarly erythroblast
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Intermediate erythroblastIntermediate erythroblast
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Late erythroblastLate erythroblast
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ReticulocyteReticulocyte
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ErythrocyteErythrocyte
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??????
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TEMTEM
neutrophil
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??????
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TEMTEM
monocyte
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??????
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TEMTEM
Eosinophilic granulocyteEosinophilic granulocyte
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??????
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TEMTEM
LymphocyteLymphocyte
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??????
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Basophilic granulocyteBasophilic granulocyte
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• When hemoglobin of erythrocyte escapes into the plasma, the outward passage of hemoglobin is called
A. anemia
B. microcyte
C. macrocyte
D. hemolysis
E. agglutination
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• D
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• During development the platelets are derived from the azurophilic granules of
A. macrophage
B. megakaryocyte
C. lymphoblast
D. monoblast
E. erythroblast
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• B
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• The blood components are formed by plasma and formed elements. The later includes _____________, ___________________ and __________________.
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• red blood cell-erythrocyte
• white blood cell-leukocyte
• platelets
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• The cytoplasm of erythrocyte contains rich ______________ which combined with __________________ or __________________. The immature erythrocyte is ____________________.
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hemoglobin (Hb)Oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide(CO2)
reticulocyte
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Thanks!Thanks!