Blake Lapthorn Construction green breakfast - 5th Studio presentation - 20 March 2013

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The challenges and rewards of making our built heritage sustainable – lessons from Trinity College, Cambridge

5th Studio is an award-winning design practice based in the UK, with studios in London and Cambridge.

5th Studio’s work encompasses architecture, urbanism and landscape. We avoid specialism. We work in a studio setting which fosters a spirit of collaboration and a creative energy that are central to our work.

5th Studio is an innovative, can-do organisation ready to take on any challenge. We think big, while our work is grounded in the particular conditions of each project and site. We create designs and strategies that are radical, beautiful and sensitive.

5th Studio

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Why make our built heritage sustainable?

“At present 45% of the UK’s energy is consumed heating air and water in existing buildings, and 85% of today’s buildings will form 70% of the building stock in 2050. If we are to get anywhere near meeting the CO2 emissions reduction targets (80% reduction in emissions relative to 1990 to be achieved by 2050), then all existing buildings will need a major retrofit to ensure the improved efficiency of energy use.”

Professor Michael Kelly. CSA to DCLG from 2006.

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+ Relationship between college’s refurbishment cycle and changing climate and regulatory context

+ Energy price futures

+ Carbon Reduction Commitments

+ Well-being, comfort (and productivity) of occupants

Why make New Court sustainable?

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New Court

1. Rooms Character and comfort

3. FacadeRenewal of fabric

2. SustainabilityFabric and systemsa. Photovoltaic panelsb. Fresh air intake and outletsc. Extract air and heat exchanged. Fabric upgrades - air tightness - insulatione. Under� oor heatingf. Ground-source heat boreholes

a.

b.c.

e.

f.

d.

Built 1822 - 5William WilkinsGrade I Listed

159 Rooms

2/3 Shared facilities

1/3 Ensuite rooms

Accessible Rooms

Fellows teachingand residential sets

Seminar Room

Complete new services installations

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Outcomes100%

40%

23%

10%

43% increase in efficiency of the systems that meet this reduced demand– more efficient heating, lighting, ventilation equipment and control systems.

60% reduction in demand – improved insulation, reduced air leakage, improved use of daylight.

55% reduction in the carbon in the energy (electricity/heat) supply - pv generation, ground source heat pump.

Future carbon emissions of New Court- reduced by 89.74%, to 10.26%, of existing

Existing carbon emissions of New Court

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1. Agency landscape - strengths / weaknesses

2. Policies - local and national

3. Building - fabric and character

4. An integrated package of works

Four things:

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1. Agency landscape - strengths / weaknesses

CHRIS SMITHNational Planning Director

STEVE TROWHeritage Protection

Director

ROGER BOWDLERListing Designation

REGIONALDIRECTORS

Hist

oric

Bui

ldin

g In

spec

tors

Scie

nce

Advi

sors

Envi

rone

mnt

al

Inte

llige

nce

Stra

teci

c Pl

anni

ng

BRIAN RIDOUTSenior Architectural

Conservator. (Expert in Timber)

Envi

ronm

enta

l St

udie

s

Cons

erva

tion

+ Te

chno

logy CHRIS WOOD

Head of Conservation and Research.

SPABJonathan Garlick

Chief Technical Offi cer

Georgian Group

Historic Scotland

CADDW

National TrustKeith Jones

Chief Technical Offi cer

Archimetrics

Glasgow Caledonian University

independenttechnical advisers

BILL BORDASSTriage Development

(unpaid)

EnglishHeritage

Other amenity groups

REGIONALOFFICERS

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CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES POLICIES AND GUIDANCE FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT

MANAGING CHANGE TO SIGNIFICANT PLACES

Consider the effects on authenticity and integrity

91 Evidential value, historical values and some aesthetic values, especially artistic ones, are dependent upon a place retaining (to varying degrees) the actual fabric that has been handed down from the past; but authenticity lies in whatever most truthfully reflects and embodies the values attached to the place (Principle 4.3). It can therefore relate to, for example, design or function, as well as fabric. Design values, particularly those associated with landscapes or buildings, may be harmed by losses resulting from disaster or physical decay, or through ill-considered alteration or accretion. Design value may be recoverable through repair or restoration, but perhaps at the expense of some evidential value. Keeping a large machine, like a water mill or boat lift, in use, may require replacement and modification of structural or moving parts which could be retained if it ceased to operate, producing a tension between authenticity of fabric and function.

92 The decision as to which value should prevail if all cannot be fully sustained always requires a comprehensive understanding of the range and relative importance of the heritage values involved (guided by the assessment of significance: paragraphs 82-83), and what is necessary (and possible) to sustain each of them. Retaining the authenticity of a place is not always achieved by retaining as much of the existing fabric as is technically possible.

93 A desire to retain authenticity tends to suggest that any deliberate change to a significant place should be distinguishable, that is, its extent should be discernible through inspection. The degree of distinction that is appropriate must take account of the aesthetic values of the place. In repair and restoration, a subtle difference between new and existing, comparable to that often adopted in the presentation of damaged paintings, is more likely to retain the coherence of the whole than jarring contrast.

94 Integrity (literally, ‘wholeness, honesty’) can apply, for example, to a structural system, a design concept, the way materials or plants are used, the character of a place, artistic creation, or functionality. Decisions about recovering any aspect of integrity that has been compromised must, like authenticity, depend upon a comprehensive understanding of the values of the place, particularly the values of what might be lost in the process.

95 Every place is unique in its combination of heritage values, so, while it is technically possible to relocate some structures, their significance tends to be diminished by separation from their historic location. There are exceptions, for example public sculpture not significantly associated with its current site, or moving a structure back from an eroding cliff edge, thus recovering its intended relationship with the landform. Relocated structures may also acquire new values in a new location.

45

Retaining the authenticity of a place is not always achieved by retaining as much of the existing fabric as is technically possible.

A desire to retain authenticity tends to suggest that any deliberate change to a significant place should be distinguishable, that is, its extent should be discernible through inspection.. In repair and restoration, a subtle difference between new and existing..is more likely to retain the coherence of the whole than jarring contrast.

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Grade II* Listed Building

Grade II Listed Building

Grade I Listed Building

Poor Floorscape

Positive View

Panoramic View

Grade II* Registered Park & Garden

Grade II Registered Park & Garden

Good Feature

Poor Feature

(c) Crown copyright (Licence No.100019730)

1 : 2,500

FB

7.6m

Drain

BM 8.31m

6.98mBM

New Court

BM 8.01m

7.3m

()

Third Court

BridgeNew Court

Chapel Court

QUE

EN'S

RO

AD

St John's College Fellows' Gardenor Wilderness

Posts

Path (um)

7.6m

Posts

Posts

Drai

n

TCB

Posts

Posts

Drain

6.7mPost

BM 7.94m 8.5m

Clare Hall Piece

7.9m

King's College Fellows' Garden

Drai

n

Bin

Broo

k

6.7m

FB

The Backs

THE AVENUE

THE AVENUE8.30m

BM

BridgeTrinity

BM

Master's Garden

Mas

ter's

Lod

ge

WALK

8.70m

Bowling Green

St John'sOld Bridge

BACHELOR'S

River C

am

BM 9.27m

(priCh

Second Court

8.2m

New Court

Nevile's Court

(founded 1546)

Trinity College

TRINITY LANE

SD

Great Court

fountain

Drain

BM 6.45m

GarretDrain

Garret Hostel Lane

Drain

(founded 1350)

Post

Trinity Hall

El Sub Sta

6.7m

Hostel

Fellows' Garden

Lane

JerwoodLibrary

ThorntonBldg

Bldg

Latham

Gatehouse

Building

Bridge

GarretHostel

Master's and Fellows'Garden

Master's and Fellows' Garden

Clare College

Master's Garden

Scholars' Garden

Bridge

Master's Lodge

Clare College

BMDrain

7.9m

9.37m

Clare

8.5m

BM 8.60m

BM 9.16m

GARRET HOSTEL LANE

LB

(founded 1350)

Trinity Hall

South

Lodge

Front Court

Master's

Court

Front Court

North CourtCherry Tree Court

Master's Lodge

(founded 1348)

Caius College

Master's

Chapel

Gonville and

Garden

(private)

Senate House Passage

Old Schools

CaiusCourt

(founded 1346)

Gonville and Caius College

CourtGonville

(private)

7.9m

Chapel

Pump

8.5m

BM 9.22m

West Court

(founded 1346)

Clare College

CourtCobble

King's College Chapel

Drain

The Backs

BridgeKing's

Great Lawn

(founded 1441)

King's College

Fountain

Fn

First Court

Webb's Court

Pond Po

CP

Ward Bdy

CRCP

ED & Ward BdyCP

ED &

CR

CW

ED & Ward Bdy FW

CW CWFW

Cambridge Historic Core Appraisal • June 2006

Garret Hostel Lane • page 2 of 4

N

SustainableDesign andConstruction

SupplementaryPlanning Document

June 2007

Policy 8/16 Developers of major proposals above a threshold of 1,000 square metres...will be required to provide at least 10% of the development’s total predicted energy requirements on-site, from renewable energy sources... Local Plan 2006.

Garret Hostel Lane

SIGNIFICANCE • HIGH

General Overview

Garret Hostel Lane is a busy street, especially in summer when it is popular with visitors as a route to the river. Onlythe leg on the west bank is entirely car-free and is a pedestrian / cycle route; the east leg is a right of way used byvehicles for accessing and servicing the colleges.

All the buildings along the lane are used by either Trinity College or Trinity Hall.

View west along Garret Hostel Lane

Cambridge Historic Core Appraisal • June 2006 Garret Hostel Lane • page 1 of 4

A popular but narrow lane lined by colleges onthe east bank and cutting attractively across‘The Backs’ on the west bank of the Cam.

Garret Hostel Lane, althoughnot named, is evident on mapsfrom the 1592 onwards and'Garret Ostell Greene' appearson a map dated 1574. Today,

the lane is a popular route fortourists wandering down to theriver and students movingbetween the city centre andWest Cambridge.

Trinity College gardens

Old Brew House

Garret Hostel BridgeLanterns

New Court, Trinity CollegeView east along Garret Hostel Lane Jerwood Library, Trinity Hall

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NEW COURT - Heritage Survey PhotographsStaircase DD

2F GYP

D10

D11a

Fire surrounds

Painted Stone surround - to consistent pattern (as right)Blocked flue/disconnected gas fires

hearths generally in laminate sheet - raised hearths generally on 3rd floor only

exceptions:Later surrounds:A1A3 (lower room)A4b - slate surround - no paint/no mouldingsB3 - plainE1F1I12K5

None

Superior surrounds:A3 upper room: similar style but more ornate in unpainted marble

A5 lower and upper rooms: similar style but more ornate, painted

M9 lower and upper rooms similar style but more ornate, lower in unpainted marble, upper painted

M?

Arched Niches

Generally beaded - shelves and cupboards within (on approx 20%?) vary considerably with no discernible pattern - perhaps no shelves originally?

GF 2 arches generally except:1F 2 arches generally except: L4a 1 only, F3a none, 2F 1 arch per room generally

Big arch to rear room:Staircase A & B, L & M? GF onlyStaicase F and H, GF and 1F only

Standard fire surround Superior surround

G

3

1

2

To preserve and repair the existing fabric and, only where necessary, to renew or adjust this to accommodate fabric upgrade. Some of these rooms have four external walls and an insulated lining would be added to each of these. To maintain the existing arrangement and details, this would be installed across the full extent of each wall, allowing a reinstatement/like-for-like replacement of the existing cornice, picture rail (where present) and skirting details. Joinery pieces and the fireplace are to be refurbished and re-installed

Grand Rooms

Standard - formal

Standard - normal / informal

Attic Rooms

Back rooms

Room Category, Prevalence and Significance

increased ‘status’increased ‘form

ality’

Typical Room Appearance

Rare(5 rooms)

1/10

1/4

1/4

1/3

HIGH (Archway Rooms)

N/A (New Seminar Room)

MODERATE

MODERATE(/LOW - generally slightly lower significance than ‘Standard - formal’)

LOW

LOW

Approach

A lining would be added to accommodate insulation to external walls only. A similar lining element would accommodate the main service risers to internal walls - as shown on plan.

Fitted furniture is envisaged as a distinct, subordinate, and removable timber intervention. This would be separate from the background wall/lining and it’s maximum height keyed to door surround height.

An insulated lining would be added to accommodate insulation to external walls only. A similar lining element would accommodate the main service risers to internal walls - as shown on plan.


The existing sloped ceiling is to be lined-out to provide the additional insulation depth required - the junction detail between sloped ceiling and adjacent walls is to be maintained.

Fitted furniture is envisaged as a distinct, subordinate, and removable timber intervention separate from the background wall/lining.

An insulated lining is to be added only to the outside walls. A similar lining would accommodate the main service risers to internal walls - as shown on plan.



NEW COURT - Heritage Survey Photographs

Trinity College

New CourtListed Building Consent Application for refurbishment works

Heritage Survey Photographs

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Thermal imagingAir pressure testingIn-situ u-value measurementMaterial property calibrationHygrothermal gradient monitoringMoisture and thermal input monitoring

J4336: Trinity College New Court \\Jamaica\jobfiles\J4336\Reports\Stage D\Moisture modelling\20110127 Trinity New Court Moisture Modelling Report Rev A.doc

Max Fordham Consulting Engineers London Cambridge Edinburgh

Page 14 of 29 Case Orientation/render Solution Total U-value

1 East, cement-lime external render 150mm Phenolic foam insulation with VCL 0.15

2 North, cement-lime external render 150mm Phenolic foam insulation with VCL 0.15

3 West, cement-lime external render 60mm Pavadentro

or 30 mm Phenolic foam without VCL

0.39

4 West, limestone facing 150mm Phenolic foam insulation with VCL 0.15

5 South, exposed brickwork 40mm Pavadentro 0.47


Table 4.1. Recommended strategy for each test case wall, based on simulation results.

4.3 Alternative breathable insulation types Pavadentro is being considered along with two other types of breathable insulation. Gutex Thermoroom is a wood-fibre based insulation, similar to Pavadentro but not incorporating a functional vapour control layer (although optionally it may be used with the Intello membrane). Gutex is available in similar thicknesses to Pavadentro. Its thermal performance is similar (see table 1.2). Another breathable insulation for consideration is Calsitherm calcium-silicate board. The properties of this board are also summarised in table 1.2.

Gutex and Calsitherm boards are compared against Pavadentro in a repeat simulation of Case 5. A 100mm thick Gutex board was compared to a 100mm Pavadentro board. Calsitherm is available only in a maximum thickness of 50mm, and so will be compared alongside the nearest equivalent thickness of Pavadentro – the 40mm thick board. The results are shown in figures 4.7 (a) to (f).

The comparison shows that Pavadentro is preferable because it is more effective at buffering down the higher peaks in interstitial relative humidity. This is likely to be due to its higher capacity for moisture uptake within the simulated RH range (see figure 4.6).

Calsitherm in fact has a very high saturation moisture content; although most of its moisture uptake appears to be in the range 95-100% RH. This indicates that Calsitherm’s optimum effectiveness is in the presence of liquid moisture at sites of interstitial condensation. For these conditions to occur, relative humidity would have to be well in excess of the 80% limit for mould growth. (It would be interesting to hear the manufacturers comments on this.)

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Tem pera ture, oC

Rel

ativ

e H

umd

ity,

%

Gutex, 100mm Pavadentro, 100mm LIM 0 LIM I LIM II

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Tem pera ture, oC

Rel

ativ

e H

umd

ity,

%

Cals itherm, 50mm Pavadentro, 40mm LIM 0 LIM I LIM II

Fig. 4.5(a) Case 5 variation comparing 100mm Pavadentro and 100mm Gutex Thermoroom board applied to the south-facing unrendered wall. Temperature and humidity isopleth showing one year of hourly simulation data for conditions at the inner face of the original brickwork.

Fig. 4.5(b) Case 5 variation comparing 40mm Pavadentro and 50mm Calsitherm board applied to south-facing unrendered wall. Temperature and humidity isopleth showing one year of hourly simulation data for conditions at the inner face of the original brickwork.

J4336: Trinity College New Court \\Jamaica\jobfiles\J4336\Reports\Stage D\Moisture modelling\20110127 Trinity New Court Moisture Modelling Report Rev A.doc

Max Fordham Consulting Engineers London Cambridge Edinburgh

Page 14 of 29 Case Orientation/render Solution Total U-value


2 North, cement-lime external render 150mm Phenolic foam insulation with VCL 0.15

3 West, cement-lime external render 60mm Pavadentro

or 30 mm Phenolic foam without VCL

0.39

4 West, limestone facing 150mm Phenolic foam insulation with VCL 0.15

5 South, exposed brickwork 40mm Pavadentro 0.47


Table 4.1. Recommended strategy for each test case wall, based on simulation results.

4.3 Alternative breathable insulation types Pavadentro is being considered along with two other types of breathable insulation. Gutex Thermoroom is a wood-fibre based insulation, similar to Pavadentro but not incorporating a functional vapour control layer (although optionally it may be used with the Intello membrane). Gutex is available in similar thicknesses to Pavadentro. Its thermal performance is similar (see table 1.2). Another breathable insulation for consideration is Calsitherm calcium-silicate board. The properties of this board are also summarised in table 1.2.

Gutex and Calsitherm boards are compared against Pavadentro in a repeat simulation of Case 5. A 100mm thick Gutex board was compared to a 100mm Pavadentro board. Calsitherm is available only in a maximum thickness of 50mm, and so will be compared alongside the nearest equivalent thickness of Pavadentro – the 40mm thick board. The results are shown in figures 4.7 (a) to (f).

The comparison shows that Pavadentro is preferable because it is more effective at buffering down the higher peaks in interstitial relative humidity. This is likely to be due to its higher capacity for moisture uptake within the simulated RH range (see figure 4.6).

Calsitherm in fact has a very high saturation moisture content; although most of its moisture uptake appears to be in the range 95-100% RH. This indicates that Calsitherm’s optimum effectiveness is in the presence of liquid moisture at sites of interstitial condensation. For these conditions to occur, relative humidity would have to be well in excess of the 80% limit for mould growth. (It would be interesting to hear the manufacturers comments on this.)

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Tem pera ture, oC

Rel

ativ

e H

umd

ity,

%

Gutex, 100mm Pavadentro, 100mm LIM 0 LIM I LIM II

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Tem pera ture, oC

Rel

ativ

e H

umd

ity,

%

Cals itherm, 50mm Pavadentro, 40mm LIM 0 LIM I LIM II

Fig. 4.5(a) Case 5 variation comparing 100mm Pavadentro and 100mm Gutex Thermoroom board applied to the south-facing unrendered wall. Temperature and humidity isopleth showing one year of hourly simulation data for conditions at the inner face of the original brickwork.

Fig. 4.5(b) Case 5 variation comparing 40mm Pavadentro and 50mm Calsitherm board applied to south-facing unrendered wall. Temperature and humidity isopleth showing one year of hourly simulation data for conditions at the inner face of the original brickwork.


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Existing North-South sectionThe proposals adopt a ‘fabric first’ approach to environmental sustainability; minimising energy usage and loss before introducing renewable technologies that are keyed to the existing form of the building and designed to improve the character and qualities of the existing spaces.

4. An integrated package of works - fabric first

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Air-Tightness - existing fabric made good;

penetrations around windows and through external and internal walls sealed

- windows draught-sealed- new membranes at roof and under

floorsTo achieve draught-sealing to 3.0m3/h/m2@50Pa

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Insulation Improvement of the thermal performance of roof, ground floor and external walls and windows, using vapour-permeable insulation to achieve maximum thermal performance without risk to the existing fabric (see companion document on thermal and moisture modelling).


Air-Tightness - existing fabric made good;

penetrations around windows and through external and internal walls sealed

- windows draught-sealed- new membranes at roof and under

floorsTo achieve draught-sealing to 3.0m3/h/m2@50Pa

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Underfloor heating and Ground Source Heat Pumpthe improved thermal performance will allow an underfloor heating system to be fed by a ground source heat pump from a borehole array within the courtyard, allowing removal of the old radiators and pipework

+

4. An integrated package of works - technologies

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Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recoverythis system will supply fresh tempered air to student rooms and extract air from the gyps, showers and wcs, finding a new purpose for the otherwise blocked chimneys.

4. An integrated package of works - technologiesUnderfloor heating and Ground Source Heat Pumpthe improved thermal performance will allow an underfloor heating system to be fed by a ground source heat pump from a borehole array within the courtyard, allowing removal of the old radiators and pipework

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Photovoltaics A PV array mounted on the South-facing roof over Garret Hostel Lane will produce 14,000kWh electricity, saving 7,280 kg carbon, per year.

Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recoverythis system will supply fresh tempered air to student rooms and extract air from the gyps, showers and wcs, finding a new purpose for the otherwise blocked chimneys.

Underfloor heating and Ground Source Heat Pumpthe improved thermal performance will allow an underfloor heating system to be fed by a ground source heat pump from a borehole array within the courtyard, allowing removal of the old radiators and pipework

4. An integrated package of works - technologies

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‘A conversation with Wilkins’4. An integrated package of works - design integrity

about character, expectation, well-being and comfort as much as energy/carbon/cost savings

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010

2030

4050

6070

8090

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

peak heat loss/kW

tipping point

Option peak heatloss /kW

RETAIN FRAMES1 - do nothing 3292 - improve draught seals 2493 - improve draught seals + reglaze with slimline DGU 1684 - keep (as 2* above) + secondary single-glazing immediately inside of window 1905 - keep (as 2* above) + secondary double-glazing immediately inside of window 1446 - keep (as 2* above) + secondary triple-glazing immediately inside of window 1347 - keep (as 2* above) + secondary single-glazing to room-side of window surround 1908 - keep (as 2* above) + secondary double-glazing to room-side of window surround 1449 - keep (as 2* above) + secondary triple-glazing to room-side of window surround 134

RENEW/REPLACE FRAMES10 - replace frames like-for-like, reglaze with existing glass (or like for like replacement) 24911 - replace frames with improved draught seals, reglaze as option 10 24912 - replace frames with improved draught seals, glaze with slimline DGU 16713 - replace frames with improved draught seals, glaze with standard DGU 14914 - replace frames with improved draught seals, glaze with TGU 13615 - replace frames with improved draught seals, glaze with composite TGU 141

Peak heat loss

Viable optionsin energy terms

Summary Table

option 11 option 10

unde

rfloo

r hea

ting

not v

iabl

e

option 1

option 2

option 3 option 12

option 13 option 15

option 14

option 4 option 7

option 5 option 8

option 6 option 9

Key issues: Double-glazing

Options tested

4. An integrated package of works - design integrity

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Conservation Group

Technical Paper 9

Slim‐profile double glazing Thermal performance and embodied energy

Nicholas Heath (Changeworks), Dr. Paul Baker (Glasgow Caledonian University)and Dr. Gillian Menzies (Heriot‐Watt University)

September 2010

“...Additional thermal improvements can be made using new double glazed units which can be retrofitted into existing window frames to minimize the impact on the character of the window. These range from thin or ‘slim profile’ double glazing to more advance vacuum pane technology...”

Historic ScotlandHISTOGLASSSECONDARY GLAZING

Key issues: Double-glazing4. An integrated package of works - design integrity

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1. What are the heritage values of the existing building and what are their relative significances?Including continuity of building use for optimum purpose, collegiality etc

Three questions:

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2. To what extent will the proposals harm, or benefit, these values? What are the harms and to what values do they apply? What heritage benefits arise from the proposals?

Three questions:

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2. To what extent will the proposals harm, or benefit, these values? What are the harms and to what values do they apply? What heritage benefits arise from the proposals?

3. Are any harms outweighed or balanced by heritage or other benefits?

What other benefits would arise from the proposals? Environmental sustainability, research and monitoring, knowledge transfer etc.

Three questions:

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“...The Government is committed to give more power to councils and communities to make their own decisions on planning issues, and believes planning decisions should be made at the local level wherever possible.

The Secretary of State has carefully considered the impact of the proposal, and the key policy issues which this case raises. In his opinion, the proposals do not: involve a conflict with national policies on important matters; .... raise significant architectural and urban design issues...”

Secretary of State.

Decisions

“...such listed buildings, of which there are many in central Cambridge, must evolve if they are to remain in viable use and not become museums...”

Cambridge City Council

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1. Rooms Character and comfort

3. FacadeRenewal of fabric

2. SustainabilityFabric and systemsa. Photovoltaic panelsb. Fresh air intake and outletsc. Extract air and heat exchanged. Fabric upgrades - air tightness - insulatione. Under� oor heatingf. Ground-source heat boreholes

a.

b.c.

e.

f.

d.

Blake Lapthorn Construction green breakfast - 5th Studio presentation - 20 March 2013

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Transcript of Blake Lapthorn Construction green breakfast - 5th Studio presentation - 20 March 2013