Bladder Health Promotion_ Pregnancy and Childbirth _ Gender _ Sexual Activity _ Enlarged prostate or...
Transcript of Bladder Health Promotion_ Pregnancy and Childbirth _ Gender _ Sexual Activity _ Enlarged prostate or...
Bladder HealthBladder HealthPromotionPromotion
Community Awareness Presentation Content contributions provided by the Society of Urologic Nurses (SUNA)
National Association for Continence (NAFC)Simon Foundation for Continence
This presentation will review common bladderThis presentation will review common bladder
health concerns, their treatments and ways tohealth concerns, their treatments and ways to
prevent them.prevent them.
These concerns include:These concerns include:
Urinary Tract InfectionsUrinary Tract Infections
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Bladder CancerBladder Cancer
Urinary System Urinary SystemUrine: is formed in the kidneys and
moves down the 2 ureters to the
bladder.
Bladder: stores and eliminates urine
Detrusor: muscle of the bladder
contracts and pushes the urine out
during urination.
Urethra: tube from the bladder that carries urine out of the body.
Pelvic floor muscles: a sling of muscles that surround and press
on the urethra to maintain urine in the bladder.
Bladder FunctionBladder Function
When you are ready toWhen you are ready tourinate, the brain relays aurinate, the brain relays asignal to the sphincter tosignal to the sphincter torelax and open and a signalrelax and open and a signalto the bladder to contract.to the bladder to contract.
After you urinate, theAfter you urinate, the
sphincter closes sphincter closes tightlytightly andand
the bladder relaxes and thethe bladder relaxes and the
refilling can resume.refilling can resume.
Urinary Tract InfectionsUrinary Tract Infections
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)A UTI is an infection anywhere in the urinary tract. Your urinary tract includes the organs that collect and store urine and release it from your body. They are the
•kidneys •ureters•bladder •urethra
Urinary Tract Infections (Urinary Tract Infections (UTIUTI’’ss))
•• Painful urinationPainful urination
•• Cloudy, foul smelling Cloudy, foul smelling
urineurine
•• IrritativeIrritative symptoms symptoms
(frequency, urgency (frequency, urgency
&/or bladder pressure) &/or bladder pressure)
Signs and Symptoms may include any or all of theSigns and Symptoms may include any or all of thefollowing:following:
•• Urine leakage Urine leakage
•• Blood in the urine Blood in the urine
•• Fever Fever
•• Feeling tired and achy Feeling tired and achy
•• Confusion in elderly Confusion in elderly
Risks Factors for Risks Factors for UTIUTI’’ss
__ Pregnancy and Childbirth Pregnancy and Childbirth
__ Gender Gender
__ Sexual Activity Sexual Activity
__ Enlarged prostate or prostate infection Enlarged prostate or prostate infection
__ Physical abnormalities, Physical abnormalities, ieie., strictures,., strictures,
birth defectsbirth defects
__ Weakened immune systemsWeakened immune systems
Prevention of Prevention of UTIUTI’’ss
__ Maintain proper fluid intake. If you Maintain proper fluid intake. If you suspectsuspect
an infection-increase fluid intake, especially an infection-increase fluid intake, especially
waterwater
__ Women should wipe from front to back after Women should wipe from front to back after
passing urine to avoid contaminationpassing urine to avoid contamination
__ Wear cotton undergarments Wear cotton undergarments
__ Shower regularly, gently dry completely Shower regularly, gently dry completely
Treatment of UTI’s
__ Contact your healthcare provider for evaluationand possibly medication
__ Treatment may include antibiotics and pain relievers
__ Common over the counter pain relievers can decrease aches and fever
__ Increase fluid intake especially water
Bladder Control :
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Definition:Definition:
Any uncontrolled loss ofAny uncontrolled loss of
urine of any amounturine of any amount
Urgency and frequency of urination are notUrgency and frequency of urination are not
considered incontinence unless there is loss ofconsidered incontinence unless there is loss of
bladder control, even a few drops of urine.bladder control, even a few drops of urine.
Types of IncontinenceTypes of Incontinence
__ Stress Stress –– leakage of urine due to an increase in leakage of urine due to an increase in
abdominal pressure with sneezing, laughing, liftingabdominal pressure with sneezing, laughing, lifting
or changing positionor changing position
__ Urge Urge –– leakage of urine with a strong urge to urinate leakage of urine with a strong urge to urinate
usually on the way to the bathroomusually on the way to the bathroom
__ Mixed Mixed –– a combination of Stress and Urge a combination of Stress and Urge
incontinenceincontinence
Chronic Retention of Urine /Chronic Retention of Urine /Overflow IncontinenceOverflow Incontinence__ Overflow incontinence (a flaccid or Overflow incontinence (a flaccid or
enlarged bladder) occurs when theenlarged bladder) occurs when the
bladder canbladder can’’t fully emptyt fully empty
This can occur from an enlarged prostateThis can occur from an enlarged prostate
in men, diabetes, stroke, multiplein men, diabetes, stroke, multiple
sclerosis, spinal cord injury &/or othersclerosis, spinal cord injury &/or other
neurologic neurologic diseases as well as side effectsdiseases as well as side effects
of medicationsof medications
Signs and Symptoms of UISigns and Symptoms of UI
__ Stress-leakage of urine with physical activities,
exercise, coughing, laughing or sneezing
__ Urge- strong urge to urinate followed by
uncontrollable leakage
__ MixedMixed-- leakage of urine with both an urge to leakage of urine with both an urge to
urinate and activities as listed aboveurinate and activities as listed above
__ Overflow-leakage of urine with a full bladder
or a need to strain when passing urine
Risk FactorsRisk Factors for Incontinencefor Incontinence
__ Congenital defectsCongenital defects
__ Limited mobility Limited mobility
ex. inability to getex. inability to get
to the bathroom)to the bathroom)
__ Pregnancy Pregnancy
__ Menopause Menopause
__ Enlarged prostate Enlarged prostate
__ Obesity Obesity
__ Constipation Constipation
__ Medications (ex. diureticsMedications (ex. diureticsand sedatives)and sedatives)
__ Cigarette smoking Cigarette smoking
__ Diet (caffeine, alcohol, poor Diet (caffeine, alcohol, poor fluid fluid intake)intake)
__ Surgery (ex. Prostatectomy)Surgery (ex. Prostatectomy)
__ Disease (ex. ParkinsonDisease (ex. Parkinson’’s, MS,s, MS,diabetes, spinal injuriesdiabetes, spinal injuries
__ Urethral stricturesUrethral strictures
Prevention of IncontinencePrevention of Incontinence
__ Work with urology healthcare professionals to Work with urology healthcare professionals to
determine an appropriate voiding scheduledetermine an appropriate voiding schedule
__ Take time to empty your bladder completelyTake time to empty your bladder completely
__ Be aware of how certain medications effect yourBe aware of how certain medications effect your
bladder controlbladder control
__ Attend lectures, seminars and health fairs toAttend lectures, seminars and health fairs to
learn learn more about the treatment options for more about the treatment options for
maintaining controlmaintaining control
Treatments for Stress IncontinenceTreatments for Stress Incontinence
__ Lifestyle changes: weight loss, reducing
dietary irritants, smoking cessation
__ Pelvic floor muscle exercise
__ In women, pessary placement
__ Injection of bulking agent such as collagen
__ Surgical treatments include: artificial urinary
sphincter, bladder neck suspension, and
urethral sling
Treatments for Urge IncontinenceTreatments for Urge Incontinence
__ FluidFluid management (time and amount of fluid, management (time and amount of fluid,
limiting alcoholic and caffeine beverages)limiting alcoholic and caffeine beverages)
__ Dietary management and weight reduction Dietary management and weight reduction
__ Pelvic floor muscle exercisePelvic floor muscle exercise
__ Bladder retrainingBladder retraining
__ MedicationsMedications
__ Surgical : Sacral nerve stimulators and Surgical : Sacral nerve stimulators and
dennervationdennervation surgery surgery
Treatment forTreatment forOverflow IncontinenceOverflow Incontinence
__ Surgical repair of urethral strictures
__ Remove or reduce obstruction
__ Scheduled timed voiding
__ Clean intermittent catheterization
Signs and Symptoms ofSigns and Symptoms ofBladder CancerBladder Cancer
Most common signs of bladder cancer:
__ Blood in the urine
__ Pain during urination
__ Urinate urgently or very often
These can also be signs of infection, benign tumors,bladder stones, or other problems.
See your healthcare professional to determine thecause of the symptoms.
Risks Factors for Bladder CancerRisks Factors for Bladder Cancer
People that handle rubber,
chemicals, and leather, as
well as hairstylists,
machinists, metal workers,
printers, painters, textile
workers, and truck drivers
are at higher risk.
__ LLimiting exposure to cancerimiting exposure to cancer
causing ccausing chemicals in the workplacehemicals in the workplace
can decrease the risk of bladdercan decrease the risk of bladder
Prevention of Bladder CancerPrevention of Bladder Cancer
__ If you smoke: STOP!!!!!If you smoke: STOP!!!!!
Smokers are 2-3-times more likelySmokers are 2-3-times more likely
to develop bladder cancer thanto develop bladder cancer than
nonsmokersnonsmokers
Treatment for Bladder CancerTreatment for Bladder Cancer__ A specialized doctor called aA specialized doctor called a
Urologist will discuss Urologist will discuss your treatment options.your treatment options.
__ Options may includeOptions may include
- Surgical removal of the tumor- Surgical removal of the tumor
- Bladder instillations to - Bladder instillations to destroy cancer cells on the destroy cancer cells on the bladder lining surfacebladder lining surface
__ After surgery, treatment and monitoring toAfter surgery, treatment and monitoring to
prevent recurrence will be discussedprevent recurrence will be discussed..
PromotingPromoting
Bladder HealthBladder Health
Promoting Bladder Health Promoting Bladder Health
__ Drink 6-8 cups of fluid daily, preferably water Drink 6-8 cups of fluid daily, preferably water
__ Limit the use of alcohol, caffeine, artificial Limit the use of alcohol, caffeine, artificial
sweeteners, high sugar, sweeteners, high sugar, citric/spicy foodscitric/spicy foods
__ Maintain weight, good posture and hygiene Maintain weight, good posture and hygiene
__ Keeping other medical conditions under control Keeping other medical conditions under control
__ Be aware of medications that may lead to Be aware of medications that may lead to
incontinence (e.g., diuretics and sedativesincontinence (e.g., diuretics and sedatives))
Promoting Bladder HealthPromoting Bladder Health__ Learn how to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles by Learn how to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles by
doing pelvic floor exercisesdoing pelvic floor exercises
__ Work with your health care provider on timed Work with your health care provider on timed
scheduled voidingscheduled voiding
__ Avoid constipation by eating a high fiber dietAvoid constipation by eating a high fiber diet
__ Report changes in bladder habits, frequency, Report changes in bladder habits, frequency,
urgency, pain or blood in the urine to your urgency, pain or blood in the urine to your
healthcare professionalhealthcare professional
Promoting Bladder HealthPromoting Bladder Health__ Keep a cup for drinking near Keep a cup for drinking near
bathroom and kitchenbathroom and kitchen
sinks as reminders to drinksinks as reminders to drink
__ Reduce drinking fluids in the Reduce drinking fluids in the
evening to decrease nighttimeevening to decrease nighttime
urinationurination
__ Drink enough fluid for urine to be clear Drink enough fluid for urine to be clear
__ Drink evenly throughout day, not all at once Drink evenly throughout day, not all at once
Bladder HealthBladder HealthPromotion is anPromotion is an
important concernimportant concernfor everyonefor everyone
Thank you for yourThank you for yourattentionattention