Black Inventors And Innovators
description
Transcript of Black Inventors And Innovators
![Page 1: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Black Inventors and
Innovators
RPI Black Family Technology Day
February 4, 2012
![Page 2: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Thomas Fortune, entrepreneur
1791-1859
• Tailor to store owner.
• 1820 patent for “dry scouring” process.
• Used profits for abolition purposes.
• 1831, assistant secretary for the First Annual Convention of the People of Color in Philadelphia.
Representative image
![Page 3: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Edward Alexander Bouchet
1852-1918
• 1874 first person of African descent to graduate from
Yale.
• 1876 Bouchet successfully completed his dissertation
on geometrical optics, becoming the first Black person
to earn a Ph.D. from an American university.
• Taught at the Institute for Colored Youth
for 26 years then various educational
institutions and other endeavors.
![Page 4: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Lyda Newman
• 1898 patent for
improved hair brush.
• First brush with
synthetic bristles.
• Designed to promote
ventilation and
provide storage for
excess hair or
impurities.
![Page 6: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ellen Eglin, no patent
1849 - ? • Worked as a domestic laborer and invented the
clothes wringer.
• Sold the rights to patent and distribute to a white man for $18, because,
“You know I am black and if it was known that a Negro woman patented the invention white ladies would not buy the wringer, I was afraid to be known because of my color, in having it introduced into the market, that is the only reason.”
![Page 7: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Andrew Beard
• Born enslaved
• 1897 patent for Jenny
Coupler to join two
rail cars.
• Sold rights to railroad
company for $50,000.
• Also patented a
steam driven rotary
engine, and a double
plow.
![Page 8: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Lewis Latimer, 1848 -1928
• 1874 co patented improved
toilet system for railroad cars.
• 1876 employed by Alexander
Bell to draft necessary
drawings for Bell’s patent
application.
• 1881 patent for the "Process of
Manufacturing Carbons", an
improved method for the
production of carbon filaments
for the light bulb
![Page 9: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dr. Lloyd August Hall
1894-1971 • Chief chemist, director of
research, and technical director of Griffith Laboratories, Inc.
• 1930’s Introduced “flash dried salt crystals”
• Over 54 patents in food preparation and preservation.
• In 1939, he helped found the Institute of Food Technologists, the first professional organization serving chemists involved in food processing and preservation.
![Page 10: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Elmer Samuel Imes, physicist
1883-1941
• Published work that opened study of molecular structure through the use of
infra-red spectroscopy.
• Four patents for his work.
• 1929 started Fisk's A.B. program in Physics.
• Married to Harlem Renaissance poet Nella Larsen.
![Page 11: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Vivien Thomas,
1910-1985
• Carpenter to
laboratory assistant,
supervisor, instructor
to honorary Doctor of
Laws
• Developed surgical
instruments and
improvements in
surgical procedures at
Johns Hopkins.
![Page 12: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Marjorie Joyner, beauty salon
owner 1912 - 1994 • 1916 graduated
cosmetology school and opened a beauty salon.
• 1919 hired as National Supervisor of Madam C.J. Walker Beauty Colleges
• 1928 patented Permanent Waving Machine to curl hair with multiple heated rods.
![Page 13: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Alice Parker •1919 new and improved heating furnace
![Page 14: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Herbert Smitherman, Sr. Ph.D
• Physical Organic chemist
• First Black person with a Ph.D hired by Proctor and Gamble.
• Patents include Crest toothpaste, Folgers coffee, Bounce, Safeguard and Crush soda.
• After retirement he taught at Wilberforce then started the Western Hills Design Technology School to help Black students perform better in math and science.
![Page 15: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Percy L. Julian, chemist
(1899 -1975) • Synthesized physostigmine
which treats glaucoma.
• Used soybean protein to
create a number of
products.
• 1954 used Mexican yams
to synthesize cortisone.
• Had over 130 patents.
• 1961 sale of Julian
Laboratories made him one
of first Black millionaires.
![Page 16: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Patricia Bath, Ophthalmologist
• Selected to participate in cancer research as a teenager.
• First Black person to complete residency in ophthalmology.
• Patented “Laserphaco probe” to remove cataracts.
![Page 17: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Less than 1% of all mathematicians
are Black. 25% of these are women.
![Page 18: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Christine Vonicle Mann Darden,
mechanical engineer
• Former math teacher.
• 1967 Joined National Aeronautics Space
Administration (NASA) Langley Research
Center.
• Works on wing design supersonic flow,
flap designs and sonic boom predictions.
• 3 patents filed between 2002 and 2005.
![Page 19: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Phillip Emeagwali
• International Gordon
Bell Prize in computer
science.
• Worked on
supercomputers.
![Page 20: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Lonnie Johnson, engineer
• Created the Super soaker water gun
![Page 21: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
National Inventors Hall of Fame Inductees Year Inducted Name of Inventor No. of Patents
1990 Dr. George Washington Carver 3
1990 Dr. Charles R. Drew 3
1990 Dr. Percy Lavon Julian 105
1997 Mark Edward Dean Over 100
1999 James E. West 40
2001 Elijah McCoy 47
2003 Dr. George Caruthers 1
2004 Lloyd Augustus Hall 54
2005 Garrett Augustus Morgan 3
2006 Andrew J. Beard 11
2006 Lewis H. Latimer 10
2006 Jan E. Matzelinger 6
2007 Granville T. Woods Over 40
2007 Emmett W. Chappelle 15
2007 Frederick McKinley Jones Over 30
2007 Alexander Miles 3
![Page 22: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Note there have been no women of
African descent inducted into the
inventor’s hall of fame and many
pioneer men have yet to be
recognized for their contributions.
![Page 23: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Valerie Thomas
• Began career at NASA as data analyst.
• Illusion transmitter patented in 1980.
• Designed programs to research Halley's comet and ozone holes.
• She received numerous awards for her service, including the GSFC Award of Merit and the NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.
![Page 24: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mark Edward Dean, electrical
engineer
• Led team to develop
the first gigahertz chip
capable of a billion
calculations per
second.
• Over 200 domestic
and international
patents.
![Page 25: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Jelani Aliyu, designer of the 2007
hybrid electric car Chevrolet Volt
![Page 26: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Harry Sampson
• First African American to earn a Ph.D.in
Nuclear Engineering in the US.
• Employed as a research chemical
engineer in the area of high energy solid
propellants and case bonding materials for
solid rocket motors for US Navy.
• Co-inventor of gamma electric cell.
![Page 27: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Dr. Shirley Jackson, second woman of African descent in the
US to earn a Ph.D. in physics and current President of
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In 2009, President Obama
appointed Dr. Jackson to serve on the President’s Council of
Advisors on Science and Technology.
![Page 28: Black Inventors And Innovators](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042513/54842402b47959fb0c8b4b6a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Filling in the Gaps in American History (FIGAH),
Inc.
For more information on people of African descent who do not
usually appear in text books, contact [email protected] , visit us on
Facebook or call 518.210.6028