BITUMEN SEAL AND RESEALDESIGN CALCULATION SHEET

Job Details-Double Double Seal 19mm/12.5mmDate:…………………………………………… Job / Order No:.……………………………….…..Office:………………………………………….. Road No. / Name:…………………………………

Location:Roadloc:……………………………………….. To:……………………………………………………………... km to …………… km from ………………………towards ……………………………………Length ………….mtr. Width …………...mtr. Area …………sq.mtr. No. of lanes…………..

Type of Treatment Single Binder – Single Aggregate (SS)

Seal (S) or Reseal (RS) S Single Binder – Double Aggregate (SD) DD Double Binder – Double Aggregate (DD)

Existing Surface ConditionsBituminous Surfaced Pavement:

Primed (P), Primersealed (PS), Sealed (S), P Existing Aggregate Size (nominal) mm

Asphaltic Concrete (AC) or Cement Concrete (CC)

Unit Shoulder Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 Lane 4 Shoulder

Lane Direction or Description

Surface Texture mm

Bleeding (B),Flushed (F),Smooth (S),

Matt(M),Hungry(H),VeryHungry(VH)

Age of Surface Yrs.

Standard Ball Penetration (Seal only) mm

Aggregate for Seal or ResealUnit 1st Application 2nd Application

Type of Aggregate:

Crushed (C), Partly Crushed (PC), Rounded (R) crushedQuality of Aggregate:

Dry Strength: High (H), Medium (M), Low (L) Medium / lowShape: Cubic (C), Angular Good (G), Angular good Angular Average (AV), Flaky (F)

Nominal Size mm 19mm 12.5mmAverage Least Dimension (ALD) mm 11.5mm 7.61mmSize checked of the existing seal surface (for reseal) yes/no n/a yesBasic Spread Rate (Figure 1) F m²/m³ 60 90Factors for Spread Rates (Table 1) I 1.0 1.3Adjusted Spread Rate = F x I H 60 117Spread Rate Loss Allowance (Table 2) G % 2 3Design Spread Rate = H x (100 – G )÷100 m²/m³ 58.9 113.5

Precoating:Precoating Material Type

Precoating Material, concentration (if diluted) %

Precoating Material, rate of application L/m³

Precoat / Adhesion Agent combination Lab test yes/no

Figure 1BASIC AGGREGATE SPREAD RATE (square metres per cubic metre)

Table 1.FACTORS APPLIED TO SPREAD RATES OBTAINED FROM FIGURE 1

Type of Seal Factor to be appliedSingle Bitumen / Single Aggregate 1.0 (no adjustment)Single Bitumen / Double Aggregate

First Layer ( 14mm aggregate) 1.1

Second Layer ( 7mm aggregate) 2.0

Double Bitumen / Double Aggregate

First Layer 1.1

Second Layer 1.0 (no adjustment)

Double Bitumen / Double Aggregate (Delayed application of second layer)

First Layer 1.0 (no adjustment)

Second Layer 1.3

Note: Factors greater than 1 indicate that less aggregate is to be used

Table 2.ALLOWANCES FOR AGGREGATE SPREADING LOSSES

Average Least Dimension ALD (mm) Under 5.0 5.0 – 6.0 6.0 – 7.5 7.5 – 9.5 Over 9.5Allowance for Spreading Losses 6% 5% 4% 3% 2%

Binder for Seals or Reseals1st Application of Double Seal or Reseal

Type of Binder: Adhesion Agent Type/Rate:

Unit Shoulder North South Lane 3 Lane 4 Shoulder

Lane Direction or Description

Traffic Volume v/l/d 0 250 250

Commercial Vehicles (% Total Volume) HV% 0 40 40

Preliminary Voids Factor (Figure 2) P L/m²/mm 0.18 0.145 0.145

Aggregate Quality Adjustment (Table 3) Y L/m²/mm +0.005 +0.005 +0.005

Aggregate Size Adjustment (Table 3) Z L/m²/mm +0.01 +0.01 +0.01

Initial Basic Voids Factor = P + Y + Z L/m²/mm 0.195 0.16 0.16

Correct within Upper/Lower limits (Fig2) Vf 0.18 0.16 0.16

Adj Commercial Vehicles: (Table 4) m 0 to– 0.02

0 -0.02 -0.02

Adj Climbing Lane: (Table 4) n 0 to –0.01

0 0 0

Adj Overtaking Lane: (Table 4) o 0 to+ 0.01

0 0 0

First layer - Double/Double Seal(Table 4) p - 0.02 0 0 0

Total Voids Adjustment = (m+n+o+p) Va 0 -0.02 -0.02

DESIGN VOID FACTOR = Vf + Va VF

L/m²/mm 0.18 0.14 0.14

Basic Application Rate = VF x ALD 1 A L/m² 2.07 1.61 1.61

Allowance for Surface Texture (Table 5) B L/m² 0 0 0

Or Other Texture (Table 5 Note 2) C L/m² 0 0 0

Absorption (Table 5 Note 1) D L/m² -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Embedment (Figure 3) E L/m² -0.2 -0.2 -0.2

DESIGN APPLICATION RATE = A+B+C+D+E

L/m² 1.77 1.31 1.31

2nd Application of Double SealPreliminary Voids Factor (Figure 2) P’ L/m²/mm 0.145 0.145

Aggregate Quality Adjustment (Table 3) Y’ L/m²/mm +0.005 +0.005

Aggregate Size Adjustment (Table 3) Z’ L/m²/mm +0.01 +0.01

Basic Voids Factor = P’ + Y’ + Z’ Vf L/m²/mm 0.16 0.16

Correct within Upper/Lower limits (Fig2) Vf 0.16 0.16

Commercial Vehicles m’ 0 to– 0.02

-0.02 -0.02

Climbing Lane n’ 0 to –0.01

0 0

Overtaking Lane o’ 0 to+ 0.01

0 0

Total Voids Adjustment =(m’+n’+o’) Va -0.02 -0.02

DESIGN VOID FACTOR = Vf + Va VF

L/m²/mm 0.14 0.14

Basic Application Rate VF x ALD 2 A’ L/m² 1.065 1.065

Absorption (Table 5 Note 1) C’ L/m² -0.1 -0.1

DESIGN APPLICATION RATE =A’+C’

L/m² .965 .965

FIGURE 2BASIC VOIDS FACTOR Vf

Table 3.ADJUSTMENTS TO BE MADE TO MID-LINE VOIDS FACTOR

AGGREGATE QUALITY VOIDS FACTOR ADJUSTMENT (Y)Aggregate Type Aggregate Shape Voids Factor Adjustment (L/m²/mm)

Rounded Not Applicable + 0.01Partly Crushed Not Applicable + 0.005

Crushed Flaky - 0.01Angular average 0.0

Angular good + 0.005Cubic + 0.01

AGGREGATE SIZE VOIDS FACTOR ADJUSTMENT (Z)Nominal Size (mm) Voids Factor Adjustment (L/m²/mm)

7 and 10 mm 0.014 mm + 0.01

Note: Both adjustments (Y) and (Z) are applied to the mid-line voids from Figure 2

Table 4.EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC COMPOSITION AND GRADESTraffic Effects Adjustment to Voids Factor (L/m²/mm)

Heavy vehicles 15% - 30% of total volume - 0.01Heavy vehicles > 30% of total volume - 0.02Slow moving traffic in climbing lanes - 0.01Fast moving cars only (Overtaking lanes) + 0.01

Note: 1. The above effect are cumulative and where more than one factor applies, the allowances should be added.

2. Any abnormally high traffic volumes expected early in the life of a seal should be allowed for by an increase in the design traffic volume

3. For 1st layer of a Double/Double seal adjustment to Voids Factor is: –0.02 (L/m²/mm)

TABLE 5

SURFACE TEXTURE ALLOWANCE (Litre / m²)For Proposed Seal or Reseal

EXISTING PAVEMENT SEAL PROPOSED NOMINAL SIZESIZE CONDITION TEXTURE

DEPTH5mm 7mm 10mm 14mm

5mm Bleeding -- A -0.2 -0.2 -0.2Flushed <0.7mm A -0.1 0 0Smooth 0.9mm 0 0 0 0Matt 1.0mm 0 +0.1 +0.1 +0.1Hungry 1.4mm +0.2 +0.2 +0.2 +0.2Very Hungry >1.8mm +0.3 +0.3 +0.3 +0.3

7mm Bleeding -- A -0.2 -0.2 -0.2Flushed <0.7mm -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0Smooth 1.0mm 0 0 0 0Matt 1.2mm 0 +0.1 +0.15 +0.2Hungry 1.7mm +0.2 +0.2 +0.25 +0.3Very Hungry >2.0mm +0.3 +0.3 +0.35 +0.4

10mm Bleeding -- -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2Flushed <0.7mm -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0Smooth 1.0mm 0 0 +0.1 +0.1Matt 1.4mm +0.1 +0.2 +0.3 +0.3Hungry 1.9mm +0.2 +0.3 +0.35 +0.4Very Hungry >2.2mm +0.3 +0.4 +0.4 N/R

14mm Bleeding -- A -0.3 -0.3 -0.3Flushed <0.7mm -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1Smooth 1.0mm 0 0 +0.1 +0.1Matt 1.6mm +0.1 +0.15 +0.2 +0.25Hungry 2.4mm +0.2 +0.25 +0.3 +0.35Very Hungry >3.2mm +0.3 +0.35 +0.4 +0.4

20mm Bleeding -- A -0.3 -0.3 -0.3Flushed <0.7mm A -0.1 -0.1 -0.1Smooth 1.0mm 0 0 +0.1 +0.2Matt 1.8mm +0.1 +0.15 +0.2 +0.35Hungry 2.9mm +0.2 +0.25 +0.3 +0.4Very Hungry >3.5mm +0.3 +0.35 +0.4 N/R

Notes: A = Specialised treatment necessary N/R = Consider alternative treatmentsNote 1 For Absorption >1% add +0.1 Litre/m2 For absorption < 1% add 0 – 0.1 litre/m2

Note 2 Texture allowance for: Seals over primes 0.0 to +0.2litre/m2 Seals over asphalt 0.0 to +0.3 litre/m2

FIGURE 3EMBEDMENT ALLOWANCE