Bitumen Coating Tips

7/29/2019 Bitumen Coating Tips

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COLD- APPLI EDASPHALT ODATIHjSby

Whitman J . DicksonTHE FLI NTKDTE OOWANY,whippany, New J ersey

I n the f i eld of protective coatings today, the consumer has an ex-tremely wide and constantly growing choice of excell ent materi als t o copew i t h al mst any need.known hi story of useful applicati on probably surpasses that of any of theothers. I t i s notavai lable i n two dozen assorted colors, but li ke Henry Ford's &del T, i tcomes i nsjust one, -black, - though it i s capable of l imited pigmentation.h n g them there i s an engineering material whose

I n the world of coatings it i s indeed a "Pl ain Jane".

I t may be described a s an almost enti rely ut i l i tar i an materi al,very seldom decorative, and yet i t i s being used a t present a t a rate es-timated at 25 mi l l i on tons annually. This materi al i s asphalt. W i t h sucha rate of usage, there must be much that can be said f or it. There is. I ti s highly water resistant, has excel lent adhesive properti es, it can bequi te resi l i ent and ducti l e, i t i s durable i n many applications withoutany modifications, and can be compounded to further increase th i s property;i t has a versati l i ty matched by few, i f any, similar engineering materials,and i t of f ers al l of the above properti es, plus numerous others, a t a lowcost that makes it qui te a bargain i n todayas burgeoning coatings market.

1I t i s known that asphal ti c bi tunens were used as far back as 8000years ago. An actual specimen of asphal ti c foundation coating i s still i nexistence today i n I raq - four thousand years af ter it was applied. I 'veof ten wondered what the or i gi nal contractor's guarantee was for thi s job.SOURCES-

A l l of these earl y asphal ts were simply seepages of mre or lessviscous materi als.mous Trinidad deposits, gi l soni te, etc. consti tute a small but useful seg-ment of the industry, but the vast bulk of today's asphal ts ar e of petrol -em origin. They are i n plenti ful supply, of high and consistent qual i ty,and capable of being "tailored" t o a wide variety of uses. They are in msense "man-atade" asphal ts, for they ar e present as such i n the ori ginalcrude petroleum, and the process of separating them i s purely physical, usu-al l y by di sti l l ati on, either atmospheric or vacuun. Those ancient seepages,as well as today's mined asphalts, are al so products of a di sti l l ati on pro-cess, but one which nature, never i n a hurry as man always seems to be, hastaken centuries to complete.

The natural or "mined" asphal ts today such as the fa-


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Once thi s separation has been effected, there are many ways i n whichthe product can be modif ied.modification i s a i r blowing, usual ly referred to - incorrectly - as oxidation.By blowing fi nely divided ai r throtqh the asphal t a t elevated temperatures,both physical and rheologi cal changes are made to occur. Broadly, these maybe considered to be the resul t of dehydrogenation and wndensation of unsat-urated linkages.ysts", which f urther improve the temperature suscepti bi l i ty, penetration index,ducti l i ty, and other desirable characteristics.

Probably the most used, as well as most useful

The ai r blowing process has been expanded by use of "catal-

Asphalts are thermoplastic materi als, and may therefore be applied inthe molten state. Thoqh somewhat cunbersome, thi s method does have the dd-vantage that t h e application i s ful l y ready for i ts intended use as soon asi t has cooled.uses, there i s a di sti nct need for asphal ti c wati ngs that may be appl ied cold,without the need f or special equipment, or the element of haste ( because ofcooling) or danger inherent i n handling molten asphalts.

But f or many uses, especi al ly those that may be cal l ed "f ield"

OLD-APPLIED ODATINGSI t i s with these cold-applied asphal ti c coatings that we w i l l be con-cerned at present.i ent way of applying a coating that would otherwise have to be melted, forthey of ten can be formulated to do a j ob completely i mpractical or even i m-possible with a hotmel t coating.

These products should not be considered only as a conven-

The two methods for modifying asphal t so that i t may be appl ied coldare similar to those used by the paint i ndustry to apply various resinouscoatings.sion.type having i ts own di st i nct characteri sti cs and uses.They may be di ssol ved i n a solvent, or made into an aqueous emul-

A long l i ne of useful products i s produced by both methods, with each

THE CUTBACKSSolvent-base coatings, or "cutbacks", so-called because they are cutback or di luted with sol vent, are made by the simple expedient of dissolvingthe asphalt base i n a compatible solvent, usual ly of petroleun origi n, untila usable consi stency i s obtained. The resul ti ng solution, when appl ied as a

coating, dri es as a lacquer, by l os s of solvent alone.control led over a wide range by selecti on of sol vents of varying evaporationrates. Two considerations that must always be borne i n mind i s that the di-l uting mediun must have adequate solvent power, and that i ts f l ash point muststay at a safe level . I n the case of the former, poor vi scosi ty stabi l i tyand poor f i lm i ntegr i ty can resul t from an i l l -chosen solvent system.for the l atter, the inherent fl amnabil i ty of any solvent base coating mustbe kept i n mind at a l l times, both from the point of view of safety and ofshipping regulations. I t must be remembered that the same vol ati l i ty thatspeeds dryi ng also lowers the fl ash point. I n special instances .cutbackscan be made mn-flammable i n the wet state, usual ly by use of chlori natedsolvents, but these can have thei r own problems.expensive, and must be chosen w i t h great care due to the potential toxicityinvolved.

Drying rate may be

A S

They are considerably nore

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Because of thei r low surface tension, asphalt cutbacks have excel lentwetti ng and penetrating power, and for thi s reason are of ten used as primersfor hot-applied asphal ts as we l l as for the f i l l ed mastics of the types thatw i l l be described l ater. Wi thout f i l l ers or mdi f i ers, cutbacks have l im i teduse where exposed to the ravages of weather. Some of the earl i est modifierswere various resi ns and drying oi l s, of which l i teral l y hundreds have been used,to produce an assortment of bi tminous lacquers and varnishes.

I f i t i s desi rable to obtain greater "build" of a coating, whether thisbe for greater weatherabil i ty, better vapor barr i er characteristi cs, higherstrength, improved abrasion resistancd or for other reasons, the use of min-eral f i l lers becomes highly important.the fi l l ed coatings are: The properti es generally sought i n

(1) Resistance to flow or deformation under anytemperature or cli matic condition l i kely tobe encountered.(2) Resistance to mechanical abrasion and attri ti on,while maintaining strong adhesion to the sub-strate.strength.associated with a choice of f i l l ers havingmaximun opaci ty t o actinic rays.

(3) Strong cohesive properties, affordinq internal( 4 ) Maximun weather resi stance, a property of ten

Not al l f i l l ers can f i l l the above requirements. Fi l lers that areexcessively hygroscopic, have too high oi l absorption, that are vulnerableto chemical vapors, or that are transparent to acti ni c rays can cause earlyfailure of a coating. T h i s l ast property i s qui te important since al l as-phalts are subject to photo-xidation. l hi s i s l argely why asphal t shingleroofs are 50 durable, with the opaque roofing granules throwing up a protec-ti ve shield, as i t were, for the asphal t coating beneath. A novel method, infact, for addi'ng to the durabi l i ty of an asphal t cutback coating, has been thespraying of roofing granules onto the sti l l wet mastic, 50 #at they are per-manently imbedded when the coating has dried.

Asbestos f i bers are one of the many widely used f i l l ers. Others aresl ate f lour, ruck dust, l imestone, clays, ground slag, diatomaceous earth,si l i ca, cork, vermicul i te, mica, cotton and wool f ibers, along with countlessothers.improve the product, they of ten lower the cost, since they are usuall y l esscostly than the asphal t and solvent that they displace. I f maximum vaporbarri er characteri stics are desired, a minimun of hygroscopic f i l l er s andfibers must be used.APPLICATIONS

A happy aspect of the use of f i l l er s i s that while they can greatly

The largest single use f or asphal t cutbacks i s i n the construction ofpavements, but thi s i s a-separate f i eld i n i tsel f , not intended for the scopeof thi s discussion. Another high-volume use i s i n the waterproofing and damp-

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proofing of structures, the dif ference i n the terminologies referri ng simply towhether the coating i s applied below or above ground level .where temperature changes are comparatively small , and there i s no exposure tol i ght and ai r, the properl y designed asphal t coating has few peers.normally be expected to outl i ve the structure i t i s designed to protect. Whereused above ground f or damppmofing, the coating i s intended to prevent the i n-roads of dampness and moisture on masonry surfaces.

Below ground,I t can

Heavily f i l l ed asphal ts of brush, spray and trowel grades are used asA weathered surface canndustr i al coatings and gi ve many years of service.be resurfaced readi ly wi th a cutback-type coating, which w i l l form an excellentbond to the old coating. I t was said earl i er tha t asphalt i s seldom decorative.One of the few exceptions i s asphalt aluninun paint, i n which a leafing grade ofaluminum powder i s added.to an asphal t cutback of high fluidi ty. When i t i sapplied as a paint, the aluminun l eafs o r f l oats to the surface to form a metal-

l i c coating that i s not only attracti ve but which increases the l i f e of thecoatinq several fold. By use of hiqher percentages of aluminum, heavy alunin-i z e d mastic coatings can be made that have exceptional resi stance to weathering,and show high reflectance and consequent i nsulati ng value. A relati vely recentinnovation has been the i ntroducti on of asphalti c coatings incorporating highloadings of non-leafing aluninun alonq with colored pigments, to produce brightmetall i c pastel coatings of exceptional durabil i ty, that show no vi sual evidenceof thei r humble parentage. These attracti ve col ors may well be asphalt's f i nesthour, estheti cal l y speaking.Another limited, but l ess spectacular variation from asphalt's blackcolor has been the incorporation of certai n red oxide pigments to producevarious shades of red and brown. For the best resul ts, an asphal t should be

selected that has a brown, rather than a black cast when examined i n thi nfi lms by transmitted l ight.Sound deadening coatings make use of the visco-elasti c properti es ofasphalt.but for metal cabinets, of f i ce furni ture, bathtubs, ai r conditioning equipment,household metal furni ture and panels where vibration and drumming must be damped.Underbody protective coatings for cars and rai l road rol l ing stocks use not onlythe waterproofi ng and adhesive properti es of asphalt, but i ts abil ity to with-stand abrasion and impact as well.

These materials f ind volune use not only i n the automotive industry,

A l l of us are fami l i ar with the annoyance of "sweating" of cold surfacesi n a damp locati on. A well -proven cure for thi s malady, which can be expensiveas well as annoying, i s the application of an asphal t mastic f i l l ed w i t h eitherground cork or vermiculite, or both. %eare thus given insulating value pluswaterproofing i n a si ngle material.Looking further i nto the subject of insulation, it i s w e l l known i n theindustry that a good vapor barri er i s essenti al over low temperature insulation.Without i t, condensation, and even i ce formation, can seriousl y reduce the ther-mal eff i ciency of an insul ati on, and even destroy i ts mechanical integri ty. I nthi s respect, solvent based asphal t coatings, even those with moderate f i l l erloadings other than those descri bed in the previous paragraph, have very lowmoisture vapor permeabi l i ty, and are well known and regarded where thi s require-ment i s paramount. This topi c w i l l be expanded later.We have referred several times to the adhesion characteri sti cs of as-phalts, so i t i s onl y to be expected that we w i l l see them find thei r way into

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uses where thi s property w i l l be put to use.adhesives, emulsion adhesives, and also i n the one being di scussed at themoment, the sol vent based asphal t field.the asphal t f l oor t i l e adhesives used so extensively today.af fected by dampness or even flooding, they are as durable as the flooringitself.of those here present are adhered with asphalt.

I t f inds many uses i n hot+neltTypical examples of the l atter areConrpletely M-

I t i s a safe assueption that the fl oor ti l es i n the of f i ces of mostI f coatings of the types discussed above are to protect against theinroads of water, it seems reasonable that any surf ace water must be rewved

before the coating can be properly applied.produce a bone-dry substrate, so a simple way of ci rcwenti ng the problemi s the incorporating of various water-displacing compounds, such a s oil-soluble sulfonates, phosphates, amides, amines, metal l i c soaps, f atty acids,etc. These same addi ti ves can act as rust i nhi bi tors when the coating i sapplied over metal.

Sometimes it i s impractical to

Asphalt coatings have been outstandingly successful i n pratectirrgnunemus concrete and wood structures against the destructi ve action of min-eral acids, aci d sal ts, alkal ies, and many corrosive chemicals. Concrete,especiall y, requi res such protection, since Portland Cement i s very suscep-t ib le to acid of any strength. Another l arge volune usage of f i l l ed asphal tmastic coatings i s i n protecti on of metal surfaces of tanks and various struc-tures from corrosive industr ial environments. The mastics are avai lable i nvari ous grades, with choi ce depending on method of appl i cati on and fi lm thick-ness desired.etration of corrosion beneath the edges or at l ocations of unavoidable voidsi n the coating. Asphalt primers or several syntheti c base primers are c om -patible with most asphalt coatings.

Primers of ten are reconmended as added protecti on against pen-

Asphalt is, of course, a flammable hydrocarbon, and coatings depositedThey are di f f i cul t t o kindle, however, having f lashy any method w i l l burn.points generall y i n the order of 500 - 600OF.appreciably decreases this flanrnability. To carry thi s further, we can for-mulate coatings that are made highly f i re retardant by several methods, suchas blending w i t h various chlorinated resins, usual ly i n combination with anti -mny trioxide. I t i s also possible, as pointed out earl i er, to incorporate anon-flammable sol vent system i n the composition.

The incorporation of f i l l ers

I n addi tion to the vi rtues l i sted above for cutback asphalti c coatings,Where a conventional pai nt may be reckoned i n terms of 2 or 3

This obviously greatly increases the protec-

another very si gni f i cant attr i bute i s their adaptabi l i ty to appl i cation i n verythick coatings.mils per coat, i t i s not uncomon for an asphal ti c coating to be applied at arate 30 or 40 times this amount.ti ve qual i ti es of the coatings, whil e expanding thei r uti l i ty.ASPHALT EMULSIONS

The other category of cold-applied asphalt coatings i s that of theaqueous emulsions. Here w e have the same basic situation as that existing w i t h


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any other emulsiontvery minute parti cl es, and prevented f r o m coalescing and returning to a se-parate conti nwus phase by the presence of an emulsifying agent, sometimesreferred t o as a stabi l i zi ng agent, suspending agent, dispersing agent, etc.Asphalt emulsions may be divided into two broad categori es, the chemical orsoap emulsions, and the clay emulsions. The former group may in turn bedivided i nto anionic, cati oni c and nonionic emulsions.

two immiscible l iquids, one dispersed i nto the other as

The chemical emulsions are made possi bl e by the presence of an emulsi-fying aqent that must be compatible wi th both the water and asphal t phases. Agraphic vi suali zati on of such an emulsion would depict a di screte dropl et ofasphal t, probably about 4 microns i n si ze, completely surrounded by the ex-ternal phase, water.as a continuous layer around the asphalt parti cl e, and would be so ori entedthat thei r non-polar or organic porti ons would face towards the asphalt par-ti cl e, while their pol ar porti ons would ori ent themselves outward towards thewater phase. Thi s heads-and-tai ls arrangement affords a basis f or under-standing much about both the manufacture and performance of emulsions.has been calculated that a 65% s o l i d s emulsion of the above parti cl e si zecontains approximately twenty bi l l i on asphalt parti cl es per cubic centimeter,each enti rely separate, and held at arm's l ength from i ts neighbors, as i twere, by the i nterfaci al molecular forces as described above.

The molecules of the dissociated emul si f ier would appear

I t

I f the organic porti on of the emulsi fier, which governs i ts propertyas an emulsifying agent, contains a negative charge, i t i s called anionic.The parti cl es of asphalt w i l l acqui re a negative charge, and w i l l be attrac-ted towards a posi ti vel y charged surface. Exactly the reverse i s true in acati oni c emulsion i n which the posi ti vely charged asphalt parti cl es are at-tracted towards a negatively charged surface. A non-dissociating emulsi f ierimparts no parti cular charge to the asphal t parti cl es, thus forming a nonionicemulsion. The above cl assi f i cati ons have signi f i cance when we are concernedwith obtaining opti mm wetting and coating of various substrates.perti es are of great importance i n the wetting of f i l l ers and aggregates,whether thi s be i n the manufacturing stage or i n job-si te applications.i s of parti cular concern where emulsion-type pavements are being laid.These pro-

I t

I n an asphal t cl ay emulsion, the same equi l ibriun of forces betweenthe two immiscible l i qui ds must be maintained, but i n this instance a mineralcl ay acts as the primary emulsifying and stabi l i zi ng agent. I n general, clayminerals which are wet readi l y i n water, and which w i l l disperse as colloidalparticles, w i l l act as ef fective emulsif iers for asphal t i n water.of clays are able to do thi s, such as kaol ini te and attapulgi te, but there i sone clay, bentonite, which stands alone i n i ts eff iciency as an emulsif ier.I t i s a montmori l lonite clay of unique crystal l i ne confi guration, which i sas much a s ten times as ef f i ci ent as other clay emulsif iers.

A number

OOMPARISON WITH CUTBACKSAl l asphal t emulsians are made by high-shear dispersi on of the asphal tThis usuallyn the water phase, i n which the emulsifier i s already present.


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has to be at a temperature high enowh to f luidize the asphalt, but m so highas t ~ cause the water to boil.solvent or cutback-type coatings previously discussed.f i re hazard for the appl icator, being water-based.do not apply, as water i s the only vol ati l e present.f aster than a solvent-appli ed coating of comparable thickness, since the water hasno affinity or solvent effect on the asphalt, as i s the case wi th cutbacks. Where-as cutbacks usuall y tend to dry from ihe top down, thereby forming a skin thatw i l l Slow the drying rate, cl ay emulsions tend to dry from the bottom up, andw i l l dry to ful l hardnesf aster. Chemical types may skin, but still w i l l dryrapidly.

These emulsions are qui te a breed apart f r o m theThey obviously involve noThe usual rul es of vol ati l i tyI n general , they w i l l dry

The solvent i n a cutback coating gi ves maximum fusing of the asphal t intoa dense mass on drying, whereas the di sperse nature of the asphalt parti cl es i nan emulsion general ly produces a coating more permeable to water vapor."breather" coatings are emulsions, thoqh i ncorporation of certain por ous f i l l e r scan make a normally ti ght vapor barrier cutback coating into one that would beclassed as a "breather".somewhat arbi trary, but as a rul e of thumb a breather should have a minimumperm rati ng of approximately 1, while the vapor barrier should have a rati ng of0 . 5 perm or less, with very low temperature appl icati ons having an allowablernaximun of 0.1 perm. Both coatings have speci f i c areas of vse. The vaporbarrier i s designed to block the ingress of water vapor due to the vapor pres-sure di f ferential that exi sts on the ow si ng sides of a coating, such as onan insul ated storage tank, which i s operated at a temperature below ambient.The breather i s designed to all ow the escape, as a vapor, of any moisturetrapped between a coating and a surface maintained at a temperature above ambient.The penalty for choosing the wrong coating can be severe i n either instance. Aninadequate vapor barr ier, for example, w i l l allow insulation to become water-logged and less eff i ci ent, and i f the temperature i s low enough, heavy icebuildup can resul t below and inside the insulation.when i t should, on the other hand, i s almost sure to blister, lose adhesion andhave i ts useful l i f e shortened. A property c o mn to both coatings i s that bothare equal ly impervious to l i quid water, and must be able to wi thstand the ravagesof weather.APPLICATIONS

MostThe terms vapor barrier and breather are relative, and

A coating that won't breathe

Many of the ues of emulsions paral l el those of the cutbacks. They ac-They have good adhesion to clean surfaces, and the chemical

Emulsions are usedcept f i l l ers readil y, but more care must be taken in thei r choice f or a giventype of emulsion.types have wetting characteri sti cs that can approach those of the cutbacks overdry surfaces, and readi ly surpass them over damp surfaces.as foundation coatings, sound deadeners, underbody coatings, roof coatings, in-sulation coatings, masonry coatings, concrete curing agents which prevent ex-cessi ve surface evaporation as the concrete cures, and they combine with Port-land Cement to produce fl ooring compositions that exhibi t many desi rable fea-tures of both asphalt and concrete.a thixotropic body which f aci l i tates thick appli cations on surfaces o.ther thanhorizontal , and thei r dri ed fi lms have a stati c qual i ty that w i l l not allowthem to flow even on di rect exposure to flame. The bentoni te cl ay forms a net-

The l i s t i s l ong. The clay emulsions have

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work structure i n the coating which gives i t outstanding durabi l i ty. There arecoatings of thi s type which ar e i n excel lent conditi on af ter over 35 years ofoutdoor exposure, and which may well endure f or another 35 years. Strangely,bentonite w i l l not impart thi s exceptional durabi l i ty to asphalt when i t i sincorporated by any other method.many fields, with total sales of approximately 600 mil l ion gall ons annually.Asphalt emulsions are today a stapl e item i n

A special cl ass of asphal t protective coating i s that of roofing. Thismay di f f er f r o m other coating appl icati ons for several reasons. For one, thepitch of t he roof may vary over a wide range, al l the way to dead level, onwhich there w i l l of ten be l ayers of water i n contact with the coating for pro-longed periods. Another i s the reversed vapor pressure di f ferenti al which canexist on a roof i n cold weather, causing water vapor to try to get out ratherthan in.We have al l seen hot-applied buil t-up roofs under construction, w i t h thesmoking melting kettle, and the mopping of the several pl i es of felt i n over-lapping layers. The same type of bui l t-up roof can be constructed using onlycold-applied coatings such as descri bed above. I n general , i t i s preferredthat the two or three pl i es of saturated f el t be laminated with cutbacks ratherthan emulsions because of thei r better dryinq and cementing characteri sti csunder these condi tions. The top, or weather coat may be of ei ther the cutbackor emulsion type, wi th preference towards cl ay emulsions where maximum l i f e i sdesired.the bonds being extended to twenty years when the roof i s surfaced with groundslag or gravel.

Ten and f i f teen year bonded roof s by thi s process are comn , with

I t should be noted that almost 1x) other construction material today i sI t should also be mentioned that a properlyovered by such a qenerous bond.appli ed buil t-up asphal t roof may we l l give double the service l i f e of thebond.' A newcomer i n the roofing f i eld, but one which has exceptional promise,i s one i n which a special gun i s used t o spray clay emulsion and chopped gl assf i ber simultaneously through separate nozzles, to l ay down a thick gl ass fi berreinforced monoli thic roof i n a s iq le application.A f i eld that has been penetrated moderately by the cold-applied asphaltsi s that of underground pi pe coatings, which are designed to protect the tens Of

thousands of miles of large-diameter pi pel ines that transfer natural gas, pe:troleun and other products for great distances. The hot appli ed coatings stlllcomprise the bulk of present usage, with special machines applying the hotcoating and wrappings for mil e af ter mile along the main line. But for f i eldcoating of gathering l i nes, valves and f i tt i ngs, appl ication of cold-appliedasphal t forms a useful complement to the system. Cutback mastics are usuallyused for thi s purpose.Both the cutbacks and the emulsions can be appl ied by the conventionalmethods of the trade, such as spray, brush, t rowel , rol l er, etc. requiring I y)specialized equipment or training on the part of the appli cator.has i ts uses, each type has i ts precautions. Each type


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While the cutbacks are flammable, the emulsions can freeze. Theemulsion dr i es faster than the cutback, but i s more vulnerable to unexpectedrainfal l , and so on. bst of these are routi ne considerations well known toanyone i n the protecti ve coatings trade, and not unique w i t h asphalt. Thedri ed coatings may be dissolved by petrolem or other type solvents, but thi srarely presents a problem i n actual conditions of use.

This has of ten been cal led The Space Age, and i t has become a Symbolof prestige for an industry or a product to becoma associated with i t. Thehighest di sti ncti on comes when a product or a material becomes incorporatedas part of some space age flyi ng hardware.has made the ranks of thi s industrial el i te. We have learqed recmt l y that anasphal ti c deadener pad assembly has been speci f ied for vibrati on damping Ofcertai n electroni c components of one of our missiles.total s only a few ounces of asphalt per missi le, so i t i s apparent thatasphal t s future w i l l remain earthbound, instead of i n outer space. But thi sshould be no hardship, since both past and present experience i ndi cat? thatas long as Mother Nature continues to furnish th i s versati l e material, manw i l l find abundant uses for i t.

I am happy to report that asphalt

Thi s use, however,

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REFERENCES

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Herbert Abraham, "A sphalts and A l l ied Substances", Sixth Edition,Volume 111, "Manufactured Products". D. Van Nostrand Company,New York (1962).

Ralph N Traxler, "Asphalt, I ts Composition, Properties and Uses".Reinhold Publishinq Company, New York. (1961).Arnold Hoiberq, Ed. "Bi tminous Materials", Volume I . "Asphalts,Tars and Pitches", I ntersci ence Publishers, New York, (1964).Edwin J . Barth, "Asphalt Science and Technology", Gordon and BreachPublishers, N ew Y ork (1962).C. C. Weeks, "I ndustrial Protective Coatings", i n "Bi tminousMaterials", Volune 11, "A sphalts", edited by Arnold J. Hoiberg,I nterscience Publ ishers, N ew Y ork (1965).Alvin J . Day, Edwin C. Herbert, and Donald Renner, "AnionicAsphalt Emulsions", i n "Bituminous Materials", Volune I1 "Asphalts",edited by Arnold J . Hoiberg, I ntersci ence Publ ishers, New York (1965).E. W. Mertens and M J . Borgfeldt, "Cationic Asphalt Emulsions",i n "Bitminous Materials", Volune 11, "A sphalts", edited byArnold J . Hoiberg, I ntersci ence Publ ishers, New York (1965).J ohn J b Drukker, "Clay Emulsions", i n "Bitminous Materials",Volume I1 "A sphalts", edited by Arnold J . Hoiberg, I ntersciencePubl ishers, New York (1965).Gilbert U. Tarver and Stephen H. Alexander, "Asphalt Pipe Coatings",i n "Bi tminous Materials", Volune 11, "Asphalts", edited byArnold J . Hoiberg, I ntersci ence Publ ishers, New York (1965).The Fl intkote Company, Cold Process Buil t-up Roof Specifications,1965.


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TABLE I-NFILLED ASPHALT COATINGSASPHALT PRIMER 3Asphalt (20 -70 penetrati on)SolventCOLD DIP PIPE ODATING

Asphalt (10-30 penetration)SolventASPHALT ALUMINUM PAINT

Asphalt (10 -30 penetrati on)SolventAluninun powder

35 - 55%45 - 65%30 - 50%50 - 70%25 - 35%40 - 60%15 - 25%

Consistency: 100 - 2000 cps.Coating Thickness: 2 - 8 mils.

SPRAY AND T-EL GRADE WEATHER RESISTANT COATINGSCUTBACK MASTIC. SPRAY GRADE

Asphalt (30 - 50 penetrati on)Asphalt f iber (and f i l l ers, i f used)SolventConsistency appmx. 10,000 - 40, 000 cps.Coating Thicknessr 1/32" - 1/8"

CUTBACK MASTIC, lXCNEL GRADE

30 - 50%10 - 2a%30 - 60%

Asphalt ( 30 - 50 penetration) 40 - 55%Asbestos f i ber (and f i l l er , i f used) 15 - 30%Solvent 15 - 45%Consistency appmx. 50,000 - 1OO, OOO+ cps*Coating Thicknesst 1/16'' - 3/16"


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TABLE 111VARIOUS CUTBACK MASTIC OOATINGS

CUTBACK-BASE A U l D h O T I V E AND RAILROAD CAR PmTECTIVE.COATINGAsphalt (15 - 30 penetrati on)Asbestos f i ber (and f i l l er , i f used)SolventConsistency: SprayCoating Thickness: 1/16" - 1/8"

CUTBACK-BASE SOUND DEADENERAsphalt (40 - 60 penetrati on)Asbestos fi berFil lersSol vent

30 - 50%20 - 3a%30 - 4a%

15 - 25%5 - 10%40 - 50%15 - 30%Consistency: Spray

. Coating Thickness: 1/16" - 1/8" (approx. lb./ftm2)CUTBACK-BASE ANTI-%EAT COATING

Asphalt (10 -20 penetrati on) 30 - 40%Asbestos f i ber 8 - 15%L ightweight F i l ler (cork, vermiculite, etc.) 4 - 8%Solvent 35 - 50%Consistency: SprayCoating Thickness: 1/8" - 1/4"

,


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TABLE IVTYPICAL ASPHALT EMULSI ONS

ANIONIC SOAP WULSI ONAsphalt (40 - 200 penetration)Emulsif ier (e.g.r vinsol or rosin)WaterV iscosity range: 100 - 20,000 cps.

CLAY EMULSI ON

58 - 70%1 - 3%30 - 4C%

Asphalt ( 100 - 200 penetration)Bentonite clayWaterViscosityn 6, 000 - 20,000 cps.

50 - 60%1.5- 3.0%40 - sa%


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TABLE VWATER VAPOR PERMEABILITIES ( WET CUP MESHOD)

Product Typical UsageDry F i lmThickness, I nches Perms at 77O-55OF

Oxidized Asphalt l/8" 0.01 - 0.02Mineral f i l l ed Asphalt Cutbacks 3/32" 002 - 0.04Cork f i l l ed Asphalt Cutbacks 3/16" 004 - 0.09Asphalt C lay Emulsion 3/32" 02 - 06Polyethylene Film 0.004 0.16Plasticized Vinyl Chloride 0.02 0.29Po1ystyreneWaterpmof Cellulose F i l m

0.0050.002

0.758

I

iJ


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TABLE V I

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT mATIffiS

Asphalt Asphalt Clay>p i cati on Cutback Cutback Emuls-,nCoatings Mastics CoatingsSpray Yes Yes YesBrush Yes Limited YesTrowel No Yes YesTemperature Range, OF 50-110 50-110 40-110(Lower i fwinterized)

Fire Resistive Properties'Wet State

Dry coating

F1annnable, Flammable, Non- f lammabl e.unless special unless specialsol vents used. sol vents used.Flammable Stati c under Stati c underflame, supports flame, supportscombustion to combustion tol imi ted extent. l imited extent.

Properti es of Dry CoatingO i l 8 Grease Resistance Po0r Poor PoorResistance to Mild Acids Excelient Excel lent ExcellentResistance to Mild A lkal i s Excellent Excel lent Excel entAbra sion Resistance Poor Good to excel. GoodOutdoor Weathering Fair Excel lent ExcellentFlow at 300F Poor Good to excel. Excellent

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